Films and T.V.

common terms

Academy frame: Academy frame or the cademy ratio of 1.375:1 (abbreviated
as 1.37:1) is an aspect ratio of a frame of 35mm film when used with 4-perf
pulldown.
AVI: is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November
1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology. AVI files can contain both
audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-
video playback. It stands for Audio Video Interleaved.
Blockbuster: denotes a very popular or successful production.
Camcorder: is an electronic device combining a video camera and a video
recorder, typically used for consumer video recording.
Cameraman: A camera operator or cameraman/camerawoman is a
professional operator of a film or video camera. In filmmaking, the leading
camera operator is usually called a cinematographer.
Clapperboard: a device used in filmmaking and video production to assist in
the synchronizing of picture and sound, and to designate and mark particular
scenes and takes recorded during a production.
Costume designer: a person who designs costumes for a film or stage
production. The role of the costume designer is to create the characters and
balance the scenes with texture and color, etc.
Dolly (film): A camera dolly is a specialized piece of filmmaking and
television production equipment designed to create smooth camera
movements (cinematic techniques). The camera is mounted to the dolly and
the camera operator and focus puller or camera assistant usually ride on the
dolly to operate the camera.
Edition: refers to techniques applied in post production to a movie.
Flashback: A camera is an optical instrument that records images that can
be stored directly, transmitted to another location, or both. These images may
be still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies.
Flash-forward: a dramatic device in which a future event is inserted into the
normal chronological flow of a narrative.
Frame rate: Frame rate, also known as frame frequency and frames per
second (FPS), is the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces
unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well to
film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems.
High Definition: is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-
definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition,
generally any video image with more than 480 horizontal lines (North
America) or 576 lines (Europe) is considered high-definition.
Lightning: Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a
practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light
sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by
capturing daylight.
Makeup artist: A make-up artist (or 'makeup artist') is an artist whose
medium is the human body, applying makeup and prosthetics for theatrical,
television, film, fashion, magazines and other similar productions including all
aspects of the modeling industry.
Panning: panning refers to the rotation in a horizontal plane of a still camera
or video camera. Panning a camera results in a motion similar to that of
someone shaking their head from side to side or of an aircraft performing a
yaw rotation.
Preview: In video, to rehearse an edit without actually performing (or
recording) it.
Production (film): is the process of making a film.
Reel: A reel is an object around which lengths of film are stored.
Reversal: A film process designed to produce a positive instead of a negative
image after development.
Roll: A roll of film.
Scene: scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and
continuous time.
Scenery (theatrical): Theatrical scenery is that which is used as a setting for
a theatrical production.
Scriptwriter: A screenwriter or scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who
practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media
such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based.
Special Effects: The illusions or tricks of the eye used in the film, television,
theatre, video game, and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events
in a story or virtual world are traditionally called special effects (often
abbreviated as SFX, SPFX, or simply FX).
Storyboards: are graphic organizers in the form of illustrations or images
displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture,
animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.
Surround Sound: is a technique for enriching the sound reproduction quality
of an audio source with additional audio channels from speakers that
surround the listener (surround channels), providing sound from a 360 radius
in the horizontal plane (2D) as opposed to "screen channels" (centre, [front]
left, and [front] right) originating only from the listener's forward arc.
Trailer: A publicity film advertising forthcoming films. Generally only one reel
long.
Traveling (shot): Term used for a shot when the camera is being moved by
means of wheels on a dolly (a low tracking shot), in a car or even a train.

Photography common terms

Angle: The camera angle marks the specific location at which a picture is
taken, taking by reference the subjects horizon, it can be taken from below
the subject or from above.
Bouncer: a reflector (photography) used for bounce lighting.
Camera: A camera is an optical instrument that records images that can be
stored directly, transmitted to another location, or both. These images may be
still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies.
Close-up: is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object.
Contrast: is the difference in luminance and/or color that makes an object (or
its representation in an image or display) distinguishable.
Depth of field (DOF) is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects
in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image.
Diaphragm: is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its
center. The role of the diaphragm is to stop the passage of light, except for
the light passing through the aperture.
Exposure: is the amount of light per unit area (the image plane illuminance
times the exposure time) reaching a photographic film, as determined by
shutter speed, lens aperture and scene luminance.
Flash is a device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light
(typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K
to help illuminate a scene.
Focus:, also called an image point, is the point where light rays originating
from a point on the object converge.
Frame: is a still image that composes a picture.
ISO: is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light.
JPG: a digital image format.
Lens (camera): camera lens (also known as photographic lens or
photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in
conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects
either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image
chemically or electronically.
Plane: is a plane which is located between the "eye point" or Oculus and the
object being viewed, and upon which an image of the object is painted,
drawn, or photographed. It is ordinarily a vertical plane perpendicular to the
sightline to the object of interest.
RAW: digital image format. A raw image file contains minimally processed
data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image scanner, or
motion picture film scanner
Reflector: is an improvised or specialized reflective surface used to redirect
light towards a given subject or scene.
Resolution: The display resolution of a digital television, computer monitor or
display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be
displayed.
Shutter: is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time,
exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light in
order to capture a permanent image of a scene.
Tripod: is a portable three-legged frame, used as a platform for supporting
the weight and maintaining the stability of some other object.
Zoom in/out: is to bring a subject, scene, etc., into close up or cause it to
recede into a long shot using a zoom lens and while maintaining focus.

Radio common terms

Announcer: An announcer is a presenter who makes "announcements" in an
audio medium or a physical location.
Audio:, an electrical or other representation of sound
Broadcast: Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a
dispersed audience via any audio or visual mass communications medium,
but usually one using electromagnetic radiation (radio waves)..
Console (sound mixer): a mixing console, or audio mixer, also called a
mixing desk, audio production console, soundboard or simply mixer is an
electronic device for combining (also called "mixing"), routing, and changing
the level, timbre and/or dynamics of audio signals. A mixer can mix analog or
digital signals, depending on the type of mixer. The modified signals (voltages
or digital samples) are summed to produce the combined output signals.
FM/AM: are bands of radio frequency.
Frequency: is a rate of oscillation in the range of around 3 kHz to 300 GHz,
which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves. In popular radio it refers
to the frequency of radio stations or dial.
Genre (radio): the genre, radio format or programming format (not to be
confused with broadcast programming) describes the overall content
broadcast on a radio station. Radio formats are frequently employed as a
marketing tool, and are subject to frequent change.
Headphones: Headphones (or "head-phones" in the early days of telephony
and radio) are a pair of small loudspeakers that are designed to be held in
place close to a user's ears. They are also known as ear speakers,
earphones
Hertz: The hertz (symbol Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International
System of Units (SI). It is defined as one cycle per second. One of its most
common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in
radio and audio applications, such as the frequency of musical tones.
Jingle: jingle is a short tune used in advertising and for other commercial
uses. The jingle contains one or more hooks and meaning that explicitly
promote the product being advertised, usually through the use of one or more
advertising slogans.
Microphone: (colloquially called a mic or mike;) is an acoustic-to-electric
transducer or sensor that converts sound in air into an electrical signal.
Mounting (radio): usually refers to a mechanical frame that holds radio
equipment in cars or other vehicles, it may also refer to editing of live audio
streams.
Network (radio): radio network is an organization, such as a corporation or
other voluntary association, that provides radio entertainment.
Radio station (broadcasting): Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless
transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations
can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in
broadcast syndication or simulcast or both.
Recording (sound): Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical or
mechanical inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken
voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.
Script: A radio script is a piece of written literature that informs the speech of
radio presenters. The script normally has cues for dialogue, music as well as
advertisements and news. It helps the presenters clearly communicate with
their audiences.
Single: single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording
of fewer tracks than an LP record or an album. This can be released for sale
to the public in a variety of different formats.
Soundtrack: can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the
images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game.
Speaker (loudspeaker): is an electro acoustic transducer that produces
sound in response to an electrical audio signal input. In other words,
speakers convert electrical signals into audible signals.