Sma 3013 Linear Algebra

SMA 3013 LINEAR ALGEBRA
SEMESTER 2
SESION 2013/2014
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
GROUP A

NAME NO.MATRIC
SITI ROHANI BINTI ABDUL HALIM D20121058459
AFIAH FADILAH BINTI ZAHARI D20121058589
WAN HAMIDA AISYAH BINTI WAN AZAM D20121058435

PREPARED FOR:
DR. ROHAIDA BINTI MASRI
SMA 3013 LINEAR ALGEBRA 2013/2014

1

1. Express the following as a linear combination of =
2
1
4
, =
1
1
3
, =
3
2
5
.
a.
9
7
15

To find scalar x, y, and z.

2
1
4
+
1
1
3
+
3
2
5
=
9
7
15

2 1 3
1 1 2
4 3 5
9
7
15
R
1
R
2

1 1 2
2 1 3
4 3 5
7
9
15

1 1 2
0 3 1
0 7 3
7
5
13

3 0 5
0 3 1
0 0 2
16
5
4

6 0 0
0 6 0
0 0 2
12
6
4

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2
1
2

= 2, = 1, = 2
2
2
1
4
+1
1
1
3
+2
3
2
5
=
9
7
15

R
2
- 2R
1

R
3
- 4R
1

3R
1
+ R
2

3R
3
- 7R
2

2R
1
+5R
3

2R
2
- R
3

(1/6)R
1

(1/6)R
2

(-1/2)R
3


2

b.
6
11
6

2
1
4
+
1
1
3
+
3
2
5
=
6
11
6

2 1 3
1 1 2
4 3 5
6
11
6

1 1 2
2 1 3
4 3 5
11
6
6

1 1 2
0 3 1
0 7 3
11
16
38

3 0 5
0 3 1
0 0 2
17
16
2

6 0 0
0 6 0
0 0 2
24
34
2

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
4
17
3
1

= 1, =
17
3
, = 4
4
2
1
4
+
17
3
1
1
3
+1
3
2
5
=
9
7
15

2R
1
+5R
3

2R
2
- R
3

R
2
-2 R
1

R
3
-4 R
1

3R
1
+R
2

3R
3
-7 R
2

(1/6)R
1

(1/6)R
2

(-1/2)R
3

R
1
R
2

3

2. Determine whether the following set is a subspace of R
3
. Prove or give
counterexample.
a) =
0
0

i. To show
Since, 0 =
0
0
0
, 0
Then, 0 .
ii. To show A is closed under addition
Let, =
0
0
, =
0
0
, ,
Then, + =
0
0
+
0
0
=
+
0
0
, ( +)
Thus, +
iii. To show A is closed under scalar multiplication
Let, k be a scalar.
=
0
0
=
()
0
0
()
Thus, . A is a subspace of R
3
.


4

b) =
,
i. To show
Since, 0 =
0
0 +0
0
, 0
Then, 0 .
ii. To show B is closed under addition
Let, =
+
0
, =
+
0
, , , ,
Then, + =
+
0
+
+
0
=
+
+ +( +)
0
, ( +)
Thus, +
iii. To show B is closed under scalar multiplication
Let, k is a scalar.
=
+
0
=
()
+()
0
()
Thus, . B is a subspace of R
3
.
c) =
+ + 1
,
i. To show

0
0 +0 +1
0
=
0
1
0
0,
Since 0 is not element of C, then C is not a subspace of R
3
.


5

3. Determine whether the given vectors span R
3
. (Hint: determine whether R
3
=span
(v
1
,v
2
,.....v
k
))
a.
1
=
2
2
2
,
2
=
0
0
3
,
3
=
0
1
1

Let, =
. Then, span
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
=
1
+
2
+
3

2 0 0
2 0 1
2 3 1

2 0 0
2 3 1
2 0 1

2 0 0
0 3 1
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 1
1
3
0 0 1
1
2
3

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1
2
2+
3

= =
2+
3
=
1
2

Therefore,
1
,
2
,
3
is spans R
3
.
b.
1
=
3
1
4
,
2
=
2
3
5
,
3
=
5
2
9

4
=
1
4
1

Let, =
. Then, span
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
=
1
+
2
+
3
+
4

3 2 5 1
1 3 2 4
4 5 9 1

1 3 2 4
3 2 5 1
4 5 9 1
1 3 2 4
0 11 11 11
0 17 17 17
3
4

1 3 2 4
0 1 1 1
0 1 1 1
3
11
4
17

1 3 2 4
0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
3
11
11+717
187

Since this system has no solution (not consistent), then
1
,
2
,
3

4
is not span R
3
.

R
2
R
3
R
1
R
2
R
2
3R
1

R
3
4R
1

R
3
R
2

R
2

1
11

R
3

1
17

R
2
R
1

R
3
R
1

R
1

1
2

R
2

1
3

R
2

1
3
R
3


6

4. Determine whether the following set of vectors are linearly independent or linearly
dependent.
a. =
3
8
7
3
, =
1
5
3
1
, =
2
1
2
6
=
1
4
0
3

1
+
2
2
+
3
3
+
4
4
= 0
3 1 2 1
8 5 1 4
7
3
3
1
2 0
6 3
0
0
0
0

1
1
3
2
3
1
3
8 5 1 4
7
3
3
1
2 0
6 3
0
0
0
0

1
1
3
2
3
1
3
0
7
3
19
3
4
3
0
0
2
3
0
8
3
8
7
3
4

0
0
0
0
1
1
3
2
3
1
3
0 1
19
7
4
7
0
0
2
3
0
8
3
8
7
3
4

0
0
0
0

1 0
11
7
0
0 1
19
7
4
7
0
0
0
0
6
7
8
19
7
4

0
0
0
0
1 0
11
7
0
0 1
19
7
4
7
0
0
0
0
1
8
19
6
4

0
0
0
0

1 0 0 0
0 1 0
55
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
19
6
64
3

0
0
0
0

1 0 0 0
0 1 0
55
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
19
6
1

0
0
0
0

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

0
0
0
0

1
=
2
=
3
=
4
= 0 .
1
+
2
2
+
3
3
+
4
4
= 0
Therefore, these set vectors are independent.
R
1

1
3

R
2
8R
1

R
3
7R
1
R
4
+ 3R
1

R
1

1
3
R
2

R
3

2
3
R
2
R
2

3
7

R
3

7
6

R
1

11
7
R
3

R
2
+
19
7
R
3
R
4
8R
3

R
4

3
64

R
2

55
6
R
4

R
3

19
6
R
4

7

b. =
0
3
1
1
, =
6
0
5
1
=
4
7
1
3

1
+
2
2
+
3
3
= 0

0 6 4
3 0 7
1
1
5
1
1
3
0
0
0
0

1 5 1
3 0 7
0
1
6
1
4
3
0
0
0
0

1 5 1
0 15 10
0
1
6
1
4
3
0
0
0
0

1 5 1
0 15 10
0
0
6
6
4
4
0
0
0
0

1 5 1
0 15 10
0
0
6
0
4
0
0
0
0
0

1 5 1
0 15 10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3
= 15
2
10
3
= 0
1
+5
2
+
3
= 0
15
2
10 = 0
1
+5
10
15
+ = 0

2
=
10
15

1
=
7
3

Thus,
1
=
7
3
,
2
=
10
15
,
3
= .
Therefore, a, b, c and d is linearly dependent.

R
1
R
3
R
2
- 3R
1

R
4
+ R
1

R
4
- R
3

5R
3
+ 2R
1


8

c. =
0
0
2
2
, =
3
3
0
0
=
1
1
0
1

1
+
2
2
+
3
3
= 0
0 3 1
0 3 1
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0

2 0 1
0 3 1
2
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0

2 0 1
0 3 1
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0

2 0 1
0 3 1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

1
3
= 0 3
2
+
3
= 0 2
1
+
2
3
= 0

3
= 0 3
2
+0 = 0 2
1
+0 0 = 0

2
= 0
1
= 0
Therefore,
1
=
2
=
3
= 0.
Thus, these three vectors are linearly independent.

R
4
R
1
R
3
- R
1

R
4
R
2


9

5. Which of the following sets of vectors are bases for R
3
?
a. =
3
1
4
,
2
5
6
,
1
4
8

i. To show-A spans R
3
.
Let,
1
=
3
1
4
,
2
=
2
5
6

3
=
1
4
8

To find c, d, and e such that:
1
+
2
+
3
=
3 2 1
1 5 4
4 6 8

3 2 1
0 13 11
0 26 28
3
3 +4

39 0 9
0 13 11
0 0 78
11 6
3
39 + 78 26

1 0
3
13
0 1
11
13
0 0 1
116
39
3
13
1
2
+
1
3

=
1
2
+
1
3
+
11
13
=
3
13

3
13
=
116
39

=
3
13
11
13
1
2
+
1
3
=
116
39
+
3
13
1
2
+
1
3

=
3
13
11
26

11
13

11
39
=
116
39
+
3
26
+
3+
13

=
311
13
11
26

11
39
=
146
39
+
3
26

=
8
13
11
26

11
39

=
8
13

14
39

11
26

Then, =
1
2
+
1
3
, =
8
13

14
39

11
26
, =
146
39
+
3
26
. Thus, A span R
3
.

3R
2
R
1

3R
3
+ 4R
1

13R
1
2R
2

13R
3
26R
2
R
1

1
39

R
2

1
13

R
3

1
78


10

ii. To show S linearly independent.
Let,
1
=
3
1
4
,
2
=
2
5
6

3
=
1
4
8

1
+
2
+
3
= 0
3 2 1
1 5 4
4 6 8
0
0
0

3 2 1
0 13 11
0 26 28
0
0
0

39 0 9
0 13 11
0 0 78
0
0
0

1 0
3
13
0 1
11
13
0 0 1
0
0
0

b. =
2
3
1
,
4
1
1
,
0
7
1

i. To show-B spans R
3
.
Let,
1
=
2
3
1
,
2
=
4
1
1

3
=
0
7
1

1
+
2
+
3
=
2 4 0
3 1 7
1 1 1

1 2 0
3 1 7
1 1 1

1 2 0
0 7 7
0 1 1
2
+
3
2
1 0 14
0 7 7
0 0 0
1
2
2
+
3
2
7 + 2

This system is inconsistent. So, B is not spans R
3
. Therefore, B is not basis of R
3
.
R
1

1
2

R
2
+ 3R
1

R
3
R
1

7R
1
2R
2

7R
3
R
2

3R
2
R
1

3R
3
+ 4R
1

13R
1
2R
2

13R
3
26R
2
R
1

1
39

R
2

1
13

R
3

1
78


11

6. Find the coordinate vector of relative to the basis =
1
,
2
,
3
.
a. =
2
1
3
; =
1
0
0
,
2
2
0
,
3
3
3

1 2 3
0 2 3
0 0 3
2
1
3

1 0 0
0 2 3
0 0 3
1
1
3

1 0 0
0 1
3
2
0 0 3
1
2
3

1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 3
1
4
3

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1
2
1

Then, the coordinate vector of v relative to the basis
2
1
3
=
1
2
1
.
b. =
5
12
3
; =
1
2
3
,
4
5
6
,
7
8
9

1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
5
12
9

1 4 7
0 13 22
0 18 12
5
22
12

1 4 7
0 1
22
13
0 1 12
22
13
12

1 0
3
13
0 1
22
13
0 0
110
13
23
13
22
13
240
13
1 0
3
13
0 1
22
13
0 0 1
23
13
22
13
24
11

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
25
11
24
11

Then, the coordinate vector relative to the basis :
5
12
3
=
25
11
2
24
11

R
1
R
2
R
2
1
2

2R
2
R
3

R
2

1
2

R
3

1
3

R
2
2R
1

R
3
3R
1
R
2

1
13

R
1
+ 4R
2

R
3
18R
2
R
3

13
110

R
1
R
2

3
13

R
2
+ R
3

22
13

Sma 3013 Linear Algebra

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SMA 3013 LINEAR ALGEBRA

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