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Electricity Lesson 1
Learning Objectives
To establish what you already understand about
electricity.
To know what is meant by an electric current.
To know how to calculate the charge flow in a
circuit.
To be able to define the coulomb.
The Plan...
To check what you remember from GCSE.
Build some circuits to check/change your ideas.
Discuss what is meant by electric current.
Practice some calculations.
Electricity Random Fact
Electrons only move through a wire at a speed
of about 1mm/sec.
Electric Current
The electric current is the rate of flow of charge
in a wire or component.
unit is the ampere (A)
Due to the passage of charge particles referred
to as charge carriers.
In metals the charge carriers are electrons.
In liquids & gases the charge carriers are ions.
The Coulomb
The unit of charge is the coulomb (C),
which is defined as the charge flow in one
second when the current is one ampere.
The symbol for charge is Q.
The symbol for the unit, coulomb is C.
The charge on an electron is e=1.6 10
-19
C
Charge Flow
For a current I, the charge flow Q in a time t
is given by:-
The symbol is delta, a Greek capital letter ,
meaning change in.
t I Q
interval time current flow charge
Current
For a current I, the charge flow Q in a time t
is given by:-
t
Q
I
Question
If the charge on one electron is e=1.6 10
-19
C,
how many electrons are needed to make up 1 C
of charge?
Answer
If the charge on one electron is e=1.6 10
-19
C,
how many electrons are needed to make up 1 C
of charge?
18
19 -
10 25 . 6
10 1.6
C 1
electrons .of no
C
Possible Trap
There are some important multipliers for
current:
1 microamp (1 A) = 1 10
-6
A
1 milliamp (1 mA) = 1 10
-3
A
You must use current in amps, charge in
coulombs and time in seconds for calculations.
Watch out for this!
Worked Example
What is the charge passing a point if a current of
10 pA flows for 1 year?
Learning Objectives
To establish what you already understand about
electricity.
To know what is meant by an electric current.
To know how to calculate the charge flow in a
circuit.
To be able to define the coulomb.
End
Calculating the number of electrons
Knowing that the charge on an electron is 1.6
1019 C, you can calculate the number of
electrons in a 'spoonful' of charge. A typical
spoonful of negative charge is 2 nC. So the
number of electrons is:
electrons 10 2 . 1
C 10 1.6
nC 2
electron on charge
spoon on charge
10
19 -