RIZAL'S FIRST TRIP ABROAD

3 May 1882
Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using a passport of Jose Mercado, which was
procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where the
Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista.

4 May 1882
He got seasick on board the boat.

5 May1882
He conversed with the passengers of the ship; he was still feeling sea-sick.

6 May 1882
He played chess with the passengers on board.

8 May 1882
He saw mountains and Islands.

9 May 1882
Rizal arrived at Singapore.

10 May 1882
He went around the town of Singapore and maid some observations.

11 May 1882
In Singapore, at 2 p.m., Rizal boarded the boat Djemnah to continue his trip to Spain. He found the boat clean and
well kept.

12 May 1882
He had a conversation with the passengers of the boat.

13 May 1882
Rizal was seasick again.

14 May 1882
On his way to Marseilles, Rizal had a terrible dream. He dreamed he was traveling with Neneng (Saturnina) and their
path was blocked by snakes.

May 15 1882
Rizal had another disheartening dream. He dreamed he returned to Calamba and after meeting his parents who did
not talk to him because of not having consulted them about his first trip abroad, he returned traveling abroad with
one hundred pesos he again borrowed. He was so sad and broken hearted. Soon he woke up and found himself inside
his cabin.

17 May 1882
Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales.

18 May 1882
At 7:30 a.m., he left Punta de Gales for Colombo. In the afternoon, Rizal arrived at Colombo and in the evening the
trip was resumed.

26 May 1882
Rizal was nearing the African coast

27 May 1882
He landed at Aden at about 8:30 a.m. He made observation at the time.

2 June 1882
He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to Marseilles.

3 June 1882
He was quarantined on board the Djemnah in the Suez Canal.

6 June 1882
It was the fourth day at Suez Canal and was still quarantined on board of the boat.

7 June 1882
Rizal arrived at Port Said. In a letter to his parents, He described his trip en route to Aden along the Suez Canal.

11 June 1882
Rizal disembarked and, accompanied by a guide, went around the City of Naples for one hour. This was the first
European ground he set foot on.

12 June 1882
At ten oclock in the evening, the boat anchored at Marseilles. He sleptn board.

13 June 1882
Early on the morning he landed at Marseilles and boarded at the Noalles Hotel. Later he around for observation.

14 June 1882
His second in Marseilles.

15 June 1882
He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train.

Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

16 June 1882
At 12:00 noon, Rizal arrived at Barcelona and boarded in the Fonda De Espaa.

23 June 1882
In a letter, Rizal related to his parents his experiences during his trip from Port Said to Barcelona. In the same Letter,
he requested them to send him a birth certificate and statement showing that he had parents in the Philippines.

18 August 1882
P. Leoncio Lopez of Calamba issued a certified copy of Rizals birth certificate.

20 August 1882
His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This
was the First article he wrote abroad.

RIZAL IN MADRID, SPAIN

2 September 1882
Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took the following subjects: medical clinic, surgical clinic,
legal medicine and obstetrical clinic.

2 October 1882
He attended his regular classes which stared in all earnest.

4 October 1882
Asked to deliver a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino, there together in the effort to save the
association from disintegration, Rizal recited "Me piden versus." The meeting was held at the house of Pablo Ortiga y
Rey.

7 October 1882
He attended again of the Circulo Hisfano-Filipino held in house of Mr. Ortiga.

2 November 1882
He wrote the article "Revista de Madrid" which was in intended for publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but
was not published because the newspaper stops its circulation.

7 November 1882
Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was signed Laong - Laan.

30 December 1882
In a letter, Rizal revealed to Paciano his plan of going to Paris or Rome in June. He wanted to practice French in Paris
and Italian in Rome and to observe the customs of people in those cities.

- In the evening, Rizal dreamed he was an actor dying in the scene, feeling intensely the shortage of his breath, the
weakening of his strength, and darkening of his sight. He woke up tired and breathless.

1 January 1883
Rizal felt sad in the morning. He recollected the terrible dream he had the previous night.

15 January 1883
He attended the birthday of Pablo Ortiga with some of the Filipinos.

16 January 1883
He attended the masquerade ball in Alhambra with some of his countrymen.

13 February 1883
In a letter Rizal appraised his brother Paciano of his activities in Madrid, his impressions of the city and his meeting
with his friends in gathering. In part he said: "The Tuesday of the Carnival we had a Filipino luncheon and dinner in
the house of the Pateros, each one contributing one duro. We ate with our hands, boiled rice, chicken adobo, fried fish
and roast pig.

2 May 1882
Rizal recollected his past impressions when he left his hometown Calamba. This day he attended a fiesta in Madrid.

26 May 1883
In a letter, Rizal was informed by Paciano of the 1,350 loaves of milled sugar produced from the Pansol farm and at
the same time granting him to proceed to Paris as soon as he finished the medical course in Madrid.

15 June 1883
Rizal left Madrid for Paris to spend his summer and to observe the big French City.

RIZAL IN PARIS, FRANCE

17 June 1883
Rizal arrived at Paris. He spent the whole day walking around and observing the beautiful cities.

18 June 1883
With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Leannec Hospital to observe how Dr, Nicaise treated his patients. He
was stunned to see the advanced facilities in the accommodation in the said hospital.

19 June 1883
He again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed the technique of operation. Later he went to see dupytren Museum.

20 June 1883
Rizal visited the Lariboisiere Hospital where Felix Pardo de Tavera was an extern. Here he observe the examination of
the different diseases of women.

21 June 1883
After watching the done by Dr. Duply, he went to the Jardin d Acclimatation situated outside the Paris in the Forest of
Bologna. He found there plants of all species and the rarest and most beautiful birds.

5 July 1883
In a letter to his parents, sisters and brother, Rizal continued describing the museum, buildings and hospitals he had
visited in Paris.

2 August 1883
In a letter to his parents, he continued describing his visits to museum and his excursions to important place in Paris.

RIZAL BACK IN MADRID

20 August 1883
Rizal was back in Madrid from his summer vacation in Paris.

6 September 1883
He changed his residence from Barquillo St. N0. 34, 4 to San Miguel no. 7, 1 Centro.

28 September 1883
He enrolled at the central Universidad de Madrid for the second course in medicine.

October 1883
He came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 rich innocent persons in Manila.
The Prisoners who knew nothing is the cause of their detention and who became sick later, were kept in a humid
prison cell. Rizal was indignant of his inhuman act.

16 October 1883
He learned from Mariano Katigbak about the 400 cholera victims in Lipa and 3 of beri-beri.

28 October 1883
He had a new address. He live with Eduardo Lete and the two Llorente brothers, Julio and Abdon, in Bano 15 Pral.

21 November 1883
Rizal informed his family of his plan to graduate in medicine at the end of the course in June.

27 November 1883
His sister Maria that Soledad was married on November 4, 1883 informed Rizal in a letter. Narcisa also informed him
that the causes of the delay of sending him a letters were the cholera, the typhoon, and the death of the parish priest,
events, which occurred in succession.

31 December 1883
In the evening Rizal delivered a speech in a banquet held at the Caf de Madrid. Many Filipinos were gathered in the
restaurant to bid goodbye to the year 1884.

2 January 1884
Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo assembled in the house of the Pateros, the publication of a book by
association. This idea became the embryo of this first novel Noli Me Tangere .

3 January 1884
Early in the morning, Rizal went to the University of San Carlos only to find out that there was no class. He
immediately went to the Caf de Madrid to meet members of the Circulo who were gathered again to discuss the
proposed book.

4 January 1884
Rizal received letter from his Uncle Antonio Rivera. They were, according to him, full of good and interesting news.

5 January 1884
Rizal and the Filipino student were reunited again in the house of Pateros to reorganized the association. Since no
action was taken on that day, it was agreed to gather again the next Sunday.

6 January 1884
Rizal meet Valentine Ventura. They took their supper in the English restaurant in Madrid.

7 January 1884
Rizals professor in Greek slashed at the students accusing them insubordination. The students of the San Carlos
University were on strike, thus preventing him to attend the strike.

8 January 1884
Rizal finished two drawings. He met Ruiz who proposed him that if there be someone who would pay the expenses of
the Circulo, Rizal would be made president.

9 January 1884
He did a single centavo on He attended.

10 January 1884
Rizal received two letters: one from his uncle Antonio dated December 2 and the other from Paciano dated November
30.

11 January 1884
In Madrid, Rizal was visited by Antonio Aguirre. Later, he went to class and met Pareda there.

12 January 1884
Rizal went to the theatre. He enjoyed seeing the "El Octavo No Mentir" and "Un Ao Mas."

13 January 1884
In the afternoon, in the house of the Paternos, Rizal extended the meeting of the Filipino students

15 January 1884
Rizal and other Filipino students in Madrid attended the birthday party of Pablo Ortiga y Rey. There was a dance.

16 January 1884
In the morning, Rizal went to class. After his class, he visited his patient on the number 10 bed who thanked Rizal for
the help he extended. The patient recovered immediately.

17 January 1884
He went with Llorente to witness the proceedings in the senate. At 6:00 p.m., after more than 5 hours of waiting
outside, they were able to enter the hall.

18 January 1884
Rizal was not able to attend his classes due to the demonstrations of the students of the College of Law and the
College of Medicine against the Minister of Finance.

20 January 1884
Rizal met Valentin Ventura and Rafael. He sent to C.O. (Consuelo Ortiga) a piece of guimaras cloth. He bought a tenth
part of a lottery ticket for three pesetas.

21 January 1884
He went to class. The students of the College of Law still refused to enter. They wanted the abolition of the decrees.
Rizal thru Eduardo Lete, receive the thanks of C.O. guimaras cloth.

23 January 1884
Rizal visited the artist Estevan and Melecio. He meet Antonio and Maximino and later Pedro. The Pateros requested
him to exhibit his photos, but Rizal refused because the pictures contained dedication.

24 January 1884
Rizal was visited by Valentin Ventura. The strike of the students in the University of San Carlos was settled and the
students of the College of Law entered their classes

25 January 1884
Rizal had a sad dream. He dreamed the returned home, but what a sad reception! His parents did not meet him.

26 January 1884
Rizal with Estevan Figueroa, Sanmarti, Eduardo Lete and Rafael went to the house of Etermes Figueron. This was the
most peaceful reunion the Filipinos had.

27 January 1884
He had a picture taken in the house of Otero. He was visited by Maximino and Antonio Paterno. They planned to see
the Ateneo, Madrid, but the weather did not permit them.

28 January 1884
He visited the Ateneo with Antonio and Maximino it was beautiful, wide and well decorated. He met beautiful girl at
the door of his neighbors house.

29 January 1884
He attended the Masquerade ball in Madrid in which he enjoyed by dancing every piece. There were two masked
person who were joking him but whom he did not recognize.

30 January 1884
Rizal sent three letters to the Philippines, one for his uncle Antonio Rivera, another for Jose Cecilio (Chengoy) and the
other for Lolay. He sent also newspapers: El Imperial, El Dia and El Liberal.

31 January 1884
Rizal made an accounting of his one month expenses. For the month of January, he spent a total of 329.63 pesetas.

1 February 1884
He went to the theatre of Eslava to hear politics and bull-fighting. Later he went to the Caf de Madrid.

2 February 1884
Rizal in the Filipino students were gathered in the house of D. Paul, to discuss the affairs of the association.

3 February 1884
He was visited by the Cortabitarte sisters accompanied by their mother. He receive them amiably.

4 February 1884
He stayed at home, seriously reviewing his lesson for the examination.

5 February 1884
He visited Valentin Ventura who was slight sick of dermatitis.

6 February 1884
Rizal felt sad for the death of hid professor in History, D. Federico Lara. Of the professor, Rizal said: "very nice person,
at least by the little I knew of him."

7 February 1884
He witnessed the discussion between the two Spaniards in the street of Lobo, one sustained that all Spaniards are
brave and the other, that not all are brave.

9 February 1884
He was very much disgusted of the result of the "La Macosta" which he saw for 2.10 pesetas.

10 February 1884
Rizal had a work around the University District. Later, he went to see Consuelo Ortiga.

13 February 1884
He sent letters to his uncle Rivera and to his family, the latter with a picture.

17 February 1884
Rizal made operation on arterial vein in the Hospital de la Princesa.

25 February 1884
He attended the carnival where he saw at his side a beautiful girl, with blue eyes and a pleasant smile.

7 March 1884
Rizal performed an operation with Mariani. In the evening, he attended English lecture conducted by a Mr. Schuts in
the Ateneo de Madrid.

9 March 1884
He was visited by Cunanan and Valentin Ventura. They talked on various matters.

11 March 1884
Rizal receive an information from his uncle Antonio to the effect the Sra. Ticang became crazy.
- He bought a German on this day.

15 March 1884
He visited D. Quintin Meynet in Atocha Street, Madrid. Later He and Eduardo Lete, Sanmarti, Paco Esquivel and
Esteven Figueroa were gathered in the house of Pablo Ortiga.

19 march 1884
He receive postcards from Pepe Esquivel, Aguirre, from the family of Ruiz , Eriate, D. Pablo y Carillo, Pedro Paterno.

30 March 1884
Rizal wrote letters for home, for Leonor Rivera and for his uncle Antonio Rivera.

31 March 1884
He enjoyed his visit with the family of V: talked with the children. For him, this day was full of recollections. He
realized that days ran fast.

8 April 1884
He started his sculptural work representing the "wounded gladiator."

13 April 1884
He receive letters from Leonor Rivera, Uncle Antonio, and from Chengoy (Jose Cecilio). He was very much contented
with the news, although not of the health of the Leonor.

17 April 1884
He saw Rossi, the Italian actor representing the Kean, Dumas drama. He was surprise of the effect well
represented. Jose Cecilio informed him about the rivalry between Leonor Valenzuela and Leonor Rivera. He told rizal
in a letter about the desire of Miss Rivera to see Miss Valenzuela with the object of settling the rivalry.
- From the same letter learned that two thirds medical students studying University of Santo Thomas failing grades.

20 April 1884
He receive uncle Antonio 500 pesetas he went to visit the brother, but they were home.

24 April 1884
In the evening he saw Hamlet presented and he had a pleasant moment how wonderfully was interpreted.

1 May 1884
He stopped eating in Calle de Lobo, Madrid; he wnt to the Calle de Principe. He dropped his German language lessons
in order to devote the entire month to his studies for the coming examinations.

6 May 1884
Rizal answered Lorenzo DAyot who published an article entitled "El Teatro Tagalo."

5 June 1884
He took the examination on medical clinic, 2nd course, in Central University de Madrid.

6 June 1884
He took the examination in his last subject in Medicine, Surgical clinic, 2nd course. He got grade of "ver good."

9 June 1884
Rizal filed an application for graduation for the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.

13 June 1884
He took an examination in Greek and Latin literature. He obtained a grade of "excellent" in both subjects.

14 June 1884
He took an examination in Greek, 1st course, and got a grade of "excellent."

17 June 1884
Rizal pawned his ring to pay the fees for the examination.

21 June 1884
He finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine with the grade of aprobado from the Central Universidad de Madrid.

25 June 1884
Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered a speech in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan
Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. The occasion commemorated the triumph of the two, especially Luna who won
the first prize for his Spoliarium during the National Exposition of Fine Arts held in Madrid that year.

26 June 1884
He took an examination in Universal History, 2nd course. He grade of "excellent."

27 June 1884
He was informed in a letter by Mariano Katigbak about the deteriorating health of Leonor Rivera caused by her too
much loving and waiting for her love one.

1 July 1884
Rizal explained the term "Filibusterismo" in the newspaper of Madrid El Progreso, calling the attention of the Spanish
authorities over the case of future of the Filipinos. He asked for freedom of the press and the right of representation of
the Spanish Cortes.

29 August 1884
He came to know how Pedro Tobin of Nagcarlan Laguna, was gypped in Madrid. The man was fooled and all his cash
was lost. He relayed the news to the Philippines thru his parents.

31 August 1884
The popularity of his speech delivered during the Luna-Hidalgo banquet held in Madrid, reached the Philippines via two
ways: one thru the draft Rizal sent to Antonio Rivera and the other thru the periodicals he sent to his friends.

30 September 1884
He was issued the diploma of ordinary prize obtained during the examination given last June 30, in the subjects of
Greek and Latin Literature at the Central Universidad De Madrid.

5 November 1884
He receive the news from Paciano that the cause of the sickness of their mother was his speech delivered during the
banquet in honor of two Filipino painters. Their mother feared that Rizal could no longer return to the Philippines as
opined by both his friends and enemies in the country.

16 November 1884
He wrote a letter to his family in Calamba asking their permission for him to return to the Philippines.
- Because of the treaty of commerce being negotiated between Spain and United States and the plan of England to
enter into the said treaty, Rizal predicted the fate of the Philippine sugar. He said it would turn from bad to worse.

20 November 1884
Rizal witnessed the tumultuous scene in the Central Universidad de Madrid where the students and professors staged
a strike against excommunication imposed by the bishop on the lecture proclaiming the freedom of science and of the
teacher.

21 November 1884
With Valentin Ventura, he escaped from being arrested by a police lieutenant and a secret service man in connection
with strike staged by the University students.

22 November 1884
He disguised himself three times to evade arrest by the law agents who were eyeing on him. The indignation rally of
the students continued and more arrest were affected.

26 November 1884
Desirous to help the family, Rizal in a letter reiterated his wish to return home.

11 December 1884
Teodora Alonso admonished not to meddle in things which would give her displeasures, not tomfail to comply with the
duties of good Christian, and not to expect too many letter from her and she was already very old and could not see
very well due to her failing sight.

1 January 1885
Paciano begged Rizal to wait for the opportune time to return to the Philippines. In a letter, he told Rizal that their
parents would see him in Hong kong sometime in the future, and not in the Philippines were the situation was
dangerous for him. Paciano asked for some information about sugar beets in Europe, and advised Rizal to write tell
their parents things that would always please them.

26 February 1885
In a letter Rizal told Jose Cecilio to marry Miss Leonor Valenzuela, than see her married to the other person. The letter
arrive on the Philippines last April 5 1885, on the same boat which took Governor General Emilio Torero.

30 March 1885
Rizal sent a letter to his brother Paciano why not receive his pension. In the same letter he mentioned his going either
to England or Germany to specialized in ophthalmology.

18 April 1885
He asked Jose Cecilio for advise as to who, between two Leonors, would be an ideal partner in life. Cecilio, as an
answer to the question, selected Leanoe Rivera for being more feminine, more ductile, sweeter, milder, nicer, and
above all more educated.

16 June 1885
Rizal receive a letter from Manuel Hidalgo informing him of another cholera case which occurred in Manila. He
requested by a letter to buy for him ( Hildalgo) tha Spanish book Emilio written by Rousseau.
- He receive one hundred pesos (P100) from Saturnina and Manuel Hidalgo as their contribution to his expenses in
finishing Doctorate degree.

19 June 1885
Rizal finished the degree in Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters with grade sobresaliente from the Central Universidad
of Madrid.

28 June 1885
Rizal wrote to P. Faura and Sr. Barrantes requesting them to work for the transfer of Silvestre Ubaldo to Calamba
from Albay were the letter was signed as post master and telegraphic operator.

30 July 1885
In a letter, he asked permission from his parents to cure cholera patients in towns were there were no doctors in
order to earn at least $12 a day. He was financially hard up and wanted to help his parents.

30 September 1885
He was issued a diploma of ordinary prize on Hebrew language, obtained during the examination offered last june 13
at the Central Universidad de Madrid. He w2as also issued on his date another diploma of ordinary prize on Greek
language, 2nd course.

1 October 1885
Rizal planned to leave Madrid by the middle of the month. He intended to go to Germany to learn the German
language and to study advance course of ophthalmology

RIZAL IN FRANCE

19 November 1885
While in Paris, Rizal recieved information from Ceferino de Leon about the prevailing vices among the Filipinos in the
house of Aceveno in Madrid, abetted by the lousy women gamblers.

27 November 1885
Rizals transfer to Paris was disapproved by Paciano who, at the same time, informed Rizal that his letter caused their
mother to shed tears; that Rizals brown horse would be sold, the money to be remitted to him in Paris together with
the chronometer watch worth $300 (Mexican dollars).

4 December 1885
He was practicing ophthalmology with Dr. Weeker at the Crugen Clinic.

19 December 1885
The news that the Filipinos in Madrid were preparing a Christmas banquet in spite of the little money they had, was
relayed in a letter to Rizal in Paris by Ceferino de Leon who also informed the former about his (de Leons) plan of
going to Paris the following summer.

1 January 1886
Rizal represented to Paz Pardo de Tavera a pair of Greek vases which he painted the other with the picture of the
Filipinos engaged in cockfighting, and the other with the same people at work as milkmen and as prisoners at hard
labor.

January 1886
In the album of Paz Pardo de Tavera, he entered the illustrated story of the monkey and the turtle.

RIZAL IN STRASBURG, GERMANY

2 February 1886

Rizal arrived at Strasburg, Germany. He visited the celebrated cathedral and climbed a tower of 142 meters high, the
fourth highest of the European towers.

RIZAL IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY

3 February 1886
He arrived at Heidelberg. The town to him looked gay. On the streets he saw students with cups of different colors.

6 February 1886
Rizal was living in a boarding house costing him 28 duros a month. He found German life full of potatoes; potatoes in
the morning and potatoes in the evening.

9 February 1886
He penned a letter to his family in Calamba describing his life in Heidelberg and his trip from Paris to the city of
flowers.

14 February 1886
With an old woman as guide, Rizal visited the interior of the famous castle in Heidelberg. He saw the hallmof the
pages. Waiting room, audience chamber, the court, and many other parts of building.

17 February 1886
In a letter, he informed his family in Calamba of his visits to the eye clinic of Dr. Otto Becker.

18 February 1886
He planned to change his residence. He wanted to tranfer to 12 Ludwigsplats, near the University.

19 February 1886
He must have transferred to 12 Ludwigsplats. In a letter to his family in Calamba, he describe the duels he saw in
Hirschgasse among students belonging to different corporation.

11 March 1886
He wrote to his younger sister, Trinidad, describing the German girl as "serious, studious, and very much attached to
his work" However, she did not have that "delicacy of hearth of the Filipino woman. He advised Trinidad to read and
read.

22 April 1886
While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of nostalgia for his parents and his country, Rizal wrote the poem "A Las
Flores de Heidelberg."

RIZAL IN WILHELMSFELD, GERMANY

26 April 1886
He left Heidelberg for Wilhemsfeld to honor invitation extended to him by Reverend Karl Ullmer whom Rizal meet one
day in the woods with the Pastors wife, daughter Eta and son Freidrich. In Wilhelmsfeld where Pastor Ullmer was
staying and working, Rizal was invited to visit the vicarage. Later, on Rizals choice, he boarded with the Ullmer family
until he left Wilhelmsfeld by last week of June.

9 June 1886
From Wilhelmsfeld, he reiterated in a letter to his parents, the necessity of writing him the badly needed amount.

20-25 June 1886
Rizal left Wilhelmsfeld for Hiedelberg. In Wilhemsfeld he studied the German country life and ppractice speaking good
German with the Ullmers family with whom he live.

RIZAL RETURNED TO HEIDELBERG

26 June 1886
From Heidelberg Rizal sent to Reverend Ullmer the note of 100 pesetas. He wanted to comply with the promise of
paying a latter the amount he incurred while he was in Wilhemsfeld.

14 July 1886
In Hiedelberg Rizal was admitted member of the chess Club Germany. The Club Presidents F. Zeferenz and
E.Arrnirum.

31 July 1886
He sent to Prof. Ferdinant Blumentritt a book in arithmetic written in Spanish in Tagalog. This started the
communication between the two and also the start of their life long friendship.

6 July 1886
Rizal wrote few expressive lines dedicated to this beautiful city Heidelberg. He was to start his travel thru the cities
along Rhine River.
- On this day he witnessed the fifth centenary celebration of the founding of the University of Heidelberg, which he
enjoyed very much.

RIZAL ON HIS WAY TO LEIPZIG

9 August 1886
Rizal left Hiedelberg for Leipzig

10 August 1886
He left Bonn for Colonia, on his way to Leipzig.

12 August 1886
He arrived at Coblents, one of the cities along the Rhine River.

13 August 1886
Rizal was in Ehrenfels, Germany.

14 August 1886
At 10:10 in the morning, he left Frankfurt for Leipzig.

RIZAL IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY

15 August 1886
Rizal arrive at Leipzig at 9:30 in the morning.

16 August 1886
In a letter, Rizal offered his little knowledge in Tgalog to Prof. Blumentrit for thr latters study of the language. He said
that his knowledge in tagalog which he studied since boyhood is as useful as that friars and chroniclers who had
stayed for a short time in the Philippines.

2 September1886
He witnessed the fiesta of the Sedan, which was highlighted by the inauguration of the beautiful fountain in front of
the museum of Leipzig

13 October 1886
Rizal, in company with the school teacher, Hering visited one of two big beer manufacturing companies, situated in
Reudnitz, and owned by a Mr. Riebek.

14 October 1886
He got acquainted persolly with Doctor Hans Meyer, chief of the Bibliographical Institute of the Germany, and author
of one of the two famous encyclopaedical dictionaries of Germany.

21 October 1886
Rizal left Leipzig for Halle to observe the country life of the people there. He returned in the afternoon.

RIZAL IN DRESDEN, GERMANY

29 October 1886
Rizal arrived at Dresden at 8:20 in the morning.

30 October 1886
He visited the Palacio Japonais and many other interesting places in Dresden.

31 October 1886
In Dresden, he met Dr. A.B. Mayer, naturalist of the Dresden University. He was shown interesting things taken from
the Palaos Islands and from tombs in the Philippines.

1 November 1886
He left Dresden this morning for Berlin. In the station, he was nearly cheated by the taxi driver.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

1 November 1886
At 1:25 P.M., Rizal arrived at Berlin and boarded at the Central Hotel.

2 November 1886
Rizal wrote a letter to his friend Pastor Karl Ullmer informing the latter of his arrival at the big German capital the day
before. He wrote: "Remembrances to your loving wife, Eta and to Friedrich."

4 November 1886
In a letter he informed Prof. Blumentritt about his meeting with Dr. A.B. Meyer last October 31 in Dresden. He was
already residing at Jaeger Straesse 71,111.

9 November 1886
He was admitted to the Real Biblioteca de Berlin to do some research and to read other books. His admission ended
on March 1,1887.

22 November 1886
In a letter, he informed Pro. Blumentritt that he had already sent to his nephews in the Philippines the tragedies of
Schiller and the stories of anderson, which he translated into Tagalog.

27 November 1886
He made a small outline of the Teruray, dialect of the binhabitants of the Western coast of Mindanao,which he later
sent to Prof. Blumentritt.

11 December 1886
Maximo Viola joined Rizal in Berlin. Rizal was not able to meet Viola at the station because the former was sick.

12 December 1886
Early in the morning Rizal visited Viola at the Central Hotel. They took breakfast together I the restaurant below then
hotel.

15 December 1886
He started teaching Viola the German language.

23 December 1886
He started dreaming of his mother.

24 December 1886
Rizal was high spirit although he just recovered from sickness. He was very happy to be with Maximo Viola. He
finished translating one third of the book Waitz.

25 December 1886
Rizal wrote his mother: "It is three times now that I constantly dream you and sometimes the dreaam repeats itself in
a single night. I would not like to superstitious even if the Bible and the Gospel believe dreams, but I like to believe
that you are thinking constantly me and this makes my mind reproduce what goes on in you for after all my brain is a
part of yours, and this is not stran because while I am asleep here, you are awake there."

27 December 1886
He was required by the German police to provide himself with the necessary passports or the risk of being expelled
from German soil after three weeks.

30 December 1886
In a letter, told Prof. Blumentritt, of a plan of Maximo Viola to cope with him to Leitmeritz during his visit there.

31 December 1886
A certain Captain and ex-aide of Geneva Moltke of the French-pruss War invited Rizal to his home to celebrate the
incoming New Year. Before this fiesta, Rizal bought a pair of chin pitchers, painting them figure of an old man
representing the outgoing year and a boy personifying the incoming year.

January 1887
He became a member of the Ethnographic Society of Berlin in whose meeting he had the rare opportunity of hearing
the interesting lecture of Dr. Donitz on pre-historic Japanese tombs which contained sets of dishes and other
decorations.

11 January 1887
He met personally Dr. Teodor Jagor who invited him to attend the monthly luncheon of the member of the Geographic
Society. In one of luncheons, he came to know the famous Virchow, president of the Anthropological Society of Berlin.

24 January 1887
He was again sick of fever and in the evening had stopped working on the novel. If not for Maximo Viola, he would
have transferred to Italy where according to him the climate was healthful.

26 January 1887
He planned to translate the book of travels of Dr. Jagor as soon as he would finish translating the book of Waitz. By
spring, he hoped to finish this works.

7 February 1887
He was very busy this day and the previous days going to the clinic and making some clinical investigations. In the
house, he was occupied reading the copies of the Globus sent him Prof. Blumentritt.

February 1887
He became a member of the Anthropological Society and the Geographic Society of Berlin.

21 February 1887
He communicated to Evaristo Aguirre telling the latter that the novel Noli was being rushed for publication. He
requested Aguirre not to divulge the real title "Sampagas". At 11:30 in the evening, he finished writing the novel.

1 March 1887
His admission to Real Biblioteca, where he used to read the books about the Philippines, expired on this day.

5 March 1887
Rizal translated into French the "History of a Mother" by Andersen written in German.

21 March 1887
Copies of his novel came off the press. He sent one copy to Prof. Blumentritt. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he say
it was the first impartial and daring book to be written on the life of the Tagalogs. He opined that the Spanish
authorities and the friar would attack the book.

29 March 1887
In grateful appreciation of Maximo Violas pecuniary aid, Rizal presented him the last galley proofs and the first bound
copy with this dedication: "To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work- Jose Rizal,
March 29, 1887, Berlin."

April 1887
Rizal read before the Ethnographic Society of Berlin the "Arte Metrica del Tagalog", a thesis submitted by him to
become a member of the same society in the same year.

12 April 1887
He received a gift from Blumentritt. It was an Ethno-graphic map of Central Mindanao published by the Cartographic
Institute of Gotha.

13 April 1887
With Maximo Viola, Rizal studied the map sent him by Prof. Blumentritt. He said it is very necessary for every one to
know first his own country- "Nosce te ipsum". He considered the Filipinos unfortunate because they had to receive
new knowledge about themselves from foreigners.

24 April 1887
He was happy to receive the letter of pardon from his beloved father. He definitely decided to go home and help his
folks.
Later he sent an advance notice to Prof Blumentritt of their coming visit to Leitmeritz.

April 1887
By the end of April, Rizal left in Berlin for Dresden where the most famous "Musco Etnografico" was located. He met
there the wise Filipinoogist director of the museum, Dr. A. B. Meyer, uthor of the excellent monographs.

11 May 1887
Accompanied by Maximo Viola, Rizal left Berlin to visit the cities of Eurupe, including Dresden, Leitmeritz, Prague,
Vienna, Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm, Lausanne, and Geneva.

RIZAL IN LEITMERITZ, BOHEMIA

13 May 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived at Leitmeritz at 1:30 in the afternoon. They were met at the station by Prof. Blumentritt who
conducted them to the Krebs Hotel, Room No. 12.

14 May1887
Rizal and Viola attended the session of the Board of Directors of the Tourist Club in Leitmeritz thru the invitation of
Prof. Blumentritt who was the club secretary. They were cordially received by the President of the Club, Jose
Krombholz. Rizal delivered an extemporaneous speech in German, which was very much applauded by the audience
for his fluency.

15 May 1887
With Prof. Blumentritt as their guide, Rizal and Viola visited the churches , the residence of the Bishop and other
important buildings of the city. They also visited the special friend of Prof. Blumentritt, Dr. Carlos Czepelak, who
wanted very much to see Rizal personally.

16 May 1887
Professor Roberto Klutschak invited Rizal, Viola, and Prof Blumentritt to dine in his house , and in the evening in
return, Rizal and Viola invited them in Krebs Hotel. At 9:45 that same evening Rizal And Viola , accompanied by the
whole family of Prof. Blumentritt and Prof. Kluschk, left Leitmeritz for Prague.

RIZAL IN BRUNN

19 May 1887
Rizal bade goodbye to Prof. Dr. Willkomn, State Adviser in Brunn. The lovable daughter of the professor reproached
Rizal for not having told them of his artistic and poetic talents which they read in Bohemia, a newspaper published in
Prague. They left Brunn this day.

RIZAL IN VIENNA

20-24 May 1887
Rizal and Maximo Viola arrived in Vienna at 2:30 P.M. of May 20th and both boarded at the Hotel Metropole. 24 May
1887
For the last 3 days, they were conducted around the city by Mr. Masner to see the points of interest, especially the
Museum. On this day, Rizal was interviewed by Mr. Alder of the newspaper Extra Blatt.

25 May 1887
With Viola, Rizal left Vienna for Salzburg which the, too, left the following day, May 26, for Munich.

RIZAL IN MUNICH, GERMANY

26-30 May 1887
Rizal and Viola were boarders of Rheinischer Hof or Rhine Hotel in Munich for five days. On May 29, 1887, they drunk
beer in the business establishment, LowerbranKeller Munich.

30 May 1887
they left for Stuttgart.
RIZAL IN STUTTGART, GERMANY

31 May, 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived at the Geneva and boarded at the Hotel Merquardt. They left for Basel the following day, June
1.

RIZAL IN BASEL, SWITZERLAND

3 June 1887
Rizal and Viola drank beer in Baverieche, Bierhalle, Basel, Switzerland. A paper napkin with the trademark of the said
establishment proves that they were in this place on their way to Geneva. They left the place the following day, June
4.

6 June 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived at Geneva and boarded at Rue due Rhone 3, Pension Bel-Air. Here Rizal expressed his feeling
against the exhibition of the Igorots in Madrid side by side with the animals and plants. In a letter to Blumentritt, he
wished the Igorots would die immediately to avoid further sufferings.

10 June 1887
Rizal changed the original plan for his trip. He wanted now to pass Italy, te country of European Laws, before leaving
Europe. He hoped to stay in Geneva up to the 20th of the month.

13 June1887
Rizal sent a letter to Fernando Canon requesting the latter to sell the copies of the Noli, not less than 5 pesetas per
copy. Canon was given 10% commission for the copies sold.

19 June 1887
With Maximo Viola, Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday in Geneva, Switzerland. His attitude towards revolution was
manifested in his letter to Blumentritt on the following terms: "I do not have interest of taking part in any conspiracy,
which seems to me very premature and risky. But if the government obliges it to us, meaning, when no other hope is
left for us than search for our perdition in war, when the Filipinos prefer to die supporting misery, then I shall also
become supporter of violent means. It is on the hands of Spain whether to select peace or perdition because it is an
evident fact which all know that we are patient, very patient and peaceful."

23 June 1887
Rizal and Maximo Viola parted at Geneva, after visiting European cities
-Rizal going to Rome and Viola to Barcelona

RIZAL IN ROME, ITALY

27 June 1887
Rizal arrived at Rome and walked around the whole day. He visited the Capitolio, the Roca Tarperya, the Palatinum,
the Forum Romanun, the Museum Capitolinum and the church of Santa Maria, the maggiore. He tool a flower from the
Palace of Septimius Severus, which he sent to Blumentritt

29 June 1887
From Rome, Rizal wrote his father: "I was in Turin, Milan, Venice, Florence, and for some days I have been here."
Heannounced his return to the Philippines between the 15th and 30th of August.

30 June 1887
He considered the day a lucky one for him, meeting on the railway an Italian priest who treated him like an old friend
and whom he considered his Father Confessor.

RIZAL ON HIS WAY TO MARSEILLES, FRANCE

1 July 1887
In the train on his way to Marseilles, Rizal treated with much amiability by and American couple who invited him many
times to dine and drink with them, and who, before separating in Monaco, bought fruits for him.

2 July 1887
Rizal in Marseilles searched the bodegas of the "Mensagerias Maritimas" for the box of merchandise.

3 July 1887
Rizal was in the Bureau of Posts of Marseilles at 8 oclock in the morning. He received two letters there: One form
Manuel Hidalgo and the other from Ferdinand Blumentritt. He left Marseilles bound for his homeland on board the boat
Djemnah on the same day.

RIZAL BOUND FOR THE PHILIPPINES

4 July 1887
Rizal passed the island of Cerdea.

7 July 1887
In a letter he informed Fernando Canon about his trip on board the Djemnah, about the different co-passengers he
had the activies he did on board.

8 July 1887
He arrived at Port Said, Egypt.

July 1887
He arrived at the Suez Canal.

21 July 1887
Rizal arrived at Colombo, Ceylon. He went ashore and bought a hat.

26 July 1887
He wrote in a postcard from the Strait of Malacca: "Greetings from the Strait of Malacca in a sea as tranquil as a
mirror..."

27 July 1887
Rizal arrived at Singapore.

28 July 1887
Rizal left Singapore for Saigon.

30 July 1887
He arrived at Saigon and transferred to the S.S. Hayfong, a passenger ship.

2 August 1887
He left Saigon for Manila on board the S.S. Hayfong.

3 August 1887
He slept on deck the whole night. He must have been enjoying the magnificence of the sea illumined by the full moon.

RIZAL IN MANILA

5 August 1887
At 9:00 oclock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after five years of study and patriotic labors in Europe.

6 August 1887
He saw sunset in Maiveles.

8 August 1887
Taking the boat Bian, he left Manila Monday morning for Calamba via the Pasig River. He found the river more
exuberant than before.

18 August 1887
In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of Sto. Thomas, that an
information about the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a Commission composed of University professors Fr. Matias
Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.

30 August 1887
He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor-General on the issue of the Noli Me Tangere which caused torment among
the friars in the Philippines. Governor-General Terrero asked him for a copy and Rizal, after a few days looking for
copy, handed him a worn out one.
On the same date, the Calustro Universitario formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon the order of the
Archbishop of Manila, issued an order prohibiting the possession and reading of the Noli Me Tangere.

September 1887
Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His sister Olimpia died of hemorrhage while giving birth. His
father did not permit him to go out alone and eat in the house of his relatives.

26 September 1887
He sent to Blumentritt 6 cigarettes, sampaguita, cinnamon, kamuning flowers, and a Tagalog lighter which he himself
invented in Calamba and which he called Sulpakan. All this things were placed in a small box which was used by Prof.
Blumentritt in sending Rizal the pin the latter left in Kreb Hotel, Leitmeritz, while the hero was yet in Vienna. He also
informed his good friend (Blumentritt) about the death of his sister Olimpia.

October 1887
In order to discourage his townmates from going to cockpits and other forms of gambling, he encouraged and
popularized physical exercises by giving classes in gymnastics. Meanwhile, he was happy to know that Prof.
Blumentritt was translating his (Rizals) novel to German, saying it was a greaqt honor for him.

19 October 1887
Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Lagunade Bay, which he saw with Jose Taviel de Andrade,
Lieutenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General Terrero to protect him, during an excursion to Los
Baos. This drawing was sent to Blumentritt.

December 1887
Rizal and Maximo Viola met again in Manila in the house of Pedro Serrano, on San Jose Street (Trozo). Viola endorsed
to Rizal a Patient named Lorenzo Tuazon for an eye operation.

3 December 1887
He was able to earn $900 from his medical practice. He thought of taking with him the amount when he would leave
for abroad.

29 Decmber 1887
The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador Font issued a judgment absolutely prohibiting the circulation
of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the recommendation of the Governor-General, Father Font said:
"Aside of attacking so directly, as you have seen your Excellency, the Religion of the state, institutions and
respectable persons for their official character, the book is replete of foreign teachings and doctrines; and the general
synthesis of the same is to inspire among the loyal and submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands,
profound,and furious hate to the mother country"

8 January 1888
rizal wrote a petition to the Administrator of Public Islands of Laguna about the Haciendas of the friars in Calamba. He
cited all the grievances of the Calamba folks and tenants against the supposed owner of the hacienda. He said the
owner didnt help in the improvement of agriculture, in the celebration of the town fiesta, in the education of the
children, and that the profit of the hacienda incresed due to the increased rentals.

3 February 1888
Rizal, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months, left Manila for Hongkong, bringing with him P5,000 which
he earned from his medical practice.

RIZAL IN HONG KONG

8 February 1888
After 5 days trip, Rizal arrived at Hong Kong. He boarded in the house of Jose Maria Basa.

19 February 1888
With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some Portuguese, Rizal left Hongkong for Macao on board the Kui
Kiang. In Macao, they lived in the house of Juan Lecaroz. Rizal went around for observation, especially the botanical
garden.

22 February 1888
After staying in Hong Kong for almost two weeks, he left for Japan on board the Oceanic.

RIZAL IN JAPAN

28 February 1888
Rizal, after days of travel, arrived at Yokohama. He registered at the Grand Hotel. He was offered at once the Spanish
Legation for his home. In Japan, Rizal studied the habits and customs of the Japanese people, their language, theaters
and commerce.

1 March 1888
He cheked out of the Grand Hotel and entrained for Tokyo and there lodged at the Tokyo Hotel.

4 March 1888
He wrote Blumentritt about the honesty, courtesy,cleanliness and industry of the Japanese people. However, he also
expressed his disgust on the use of the mandrawn jinrikisha.

7 March 1888
Rizal cheked out of Tokyo Hotel and moved to the Spanish Legation where he was offered free boar and lodging.

15 March 1888
Rizal first saw O-Sei-san walking past the gate of the Spanish Legation.

7 April 1888
Rizal wrote his family and envisioned that in the future the Philippines woukd have more contact and relations with
Japan.

13 April 1888
Rizal left Yokohama for San Francisco, on board the Belgic.

RIZAL IN AMERICA

28 April 1888
Rizal arrived at San Francisco, California.

28 April to May 1888
He was placed in quarantine for 6 days on board the Belgic anchored off San Francisco Bay.

5-6 May 1888
Rizal boarded at the Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California. He went around for observation of the city.

8 May 1888
He started his trip of the American continent. He passes through Reno, Ogden, Denver, Farmington, Salt Lake City
and Provo.

9 May 1888
Rizal continued his trip, passing the territory of the State of Colorado.

10 May 1888
He passed thru the territory of the Nebraska, Illinois.

11 May 1888
He arrived at Chicago, after four days crossing the American Continents.

13 May 1888
He reached Albany and later traveled along the bank of the Hudson River. This day was the end of his transcontinental
trip. Arriving at New York on the morning, he boarded at the Fifth Avenue Hotel.

RIZAL BOUND FOR ENGLAND

16 May 1888
Rizal departed from New York City on board the City of Rome, bound for Liverpool.

16-24 May 1888
It took him nine days to travel aboard the City of Rome from New York to Queenstown, where he arrived at 2:00 A.
M. Late in the afternoon of May 24th , he arrived at Liverpool, England, and boarded at the Adelphi Hotel.

25 May 1888
He left Liverpool for London, England.

RIZAL IN LONDON

2 June 1888
Dr. Reinhold Rost and family tendered in their house a tea party in Rizals honor. Rizal saw in the Rosts house a good
Filipiniana library. (Dr. Reinhold Rost, a book lover, librarian of the Minister of Foreign Relations of England and
famous Malayalogist, had especial predilections for Rizal whom he used to call Hombre perla).

23 June 1888
He thought of publishing the second edition of the Noli Me Tangere with the illustrations of Juan Luna and with slight
changes. He wanted to correct the typographical errors and the erroneous citation of Shakespeare which should be
that of Schiller.

27 June 1888
In a letter, he requested Mariano Ponce to send more Copies of the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines. He told Ponce
that the question of writing with more or less literature is just secondary; what is essential is to think and to feel
rightly, to work for an object and the pen will take charge of transmitting the ideas.

9 July 1888
Rizal asked Pof. Blumentritt for advice whether or not to answer Senator vida who denounced him (Rizal) in the
Senate in Madrid as an intimate friendof Prince Bismarch, and his novel as anti-Catholic, preaching protestant and
socialist.

12 July 1888
The Hispano-Filipino association was reorganized by the Filipinos in Madrid and by theSpaniards sympathizing the
cause of the filipinos, headed by Sr. Morayta.

26 July 1888
It was decided to write in the press and artile which would teach Senator Vida courtesy and honesty. Earlier, he had
written a letter to the Senator in Madrid whose answer he was waiting for.

27 July 1888
Rizal wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce (Naning) telling the latter of his experience in his travel Manila via Hongkong,
Japan and North America, and the people he met in Hongkong, who he said, are enthusiastic about the Noli and are
studious and patriots.

16 August 1888
Rizal was admitted to the reading room of the British Museum of London.

August 1888
He was busy with the Morga. He thought of copying the whole book and annotating it for publication as his gift to the
Filipinos. Dr. Antonio Regidor, one of the exiles of the 1872 event, promised to be his capitalist. Along with the Morga
he wanted also to publish Blumentritts "Tribes of Mindanao" including some new documents which he found in the
British Museum.

18 August 1888
With the intention of writing the continuation of his first novel, Rizal asked Mariano Ponce in a letter to send him two
or more copies of the Noli. Rizal planned t hav a picture taken : one copy to be sent to Ponce and the other to be
included in the publication of the second novel.

RIZAL IN PARIS

4 September 1888
Rizal arrived at Paris and boarded at the Hotel del Restaurant de Rome. Because of the bad news he received from
home , he thought of proceeding to Spain. However, the plan was not realized.

9 September 1888
with other invited Filipinos he took his lunch in lunas house on the occasion of the anniversary of the painters son.
They ate Filipino food.

10 September 1888
He left Paris for London to continue copying the book of Morga in the British Museum.

RIZAL BACK IN LONDON

19 September 1888
Rizal finished copying the whole book of Morga.

30 September 1888
In a letter, he requested Mariano Ponce to forward to Hongkong the box of Noli so that Jose Maria Basa could send
them to the Philippines where the Filipinos needed them.

12 October 1888
He was admitted to study in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities in the British Museum of London.
- In a letter, he told Mariano Ponce that he was working hard day and night in the British Museum in London in order
to be able to fight and defeat the enemies. He contemplated of going to Belgium, Sweden, Norway, and passing thru
Holland, Germany and Denmark.

13 October 1888
At seven thirty at the evening, he received a telegram from Hongkong with the information that Manuel Hidalgo,
husband of his sister Saturnina, was deported to Bohol without being informed of the cause.

October 1888
He was busy reading all the old sources of Philippine history. He wanted to read them all before leaving London. He
had already copied all parts of pigafetta, likewise a summary of Chirino.

1 November 1888
In a letter, he was invited by the Filipinos in Madrid to direct the newspaper, which they planned to put up, telling him
that the newspaper would not prosper without him.

8 November 1888
He was very happy to know that an old Filipino priest whom he didnt know personally, a Doctor in Theology and who
occupied a high position in the Manila Cathedral depended him against Fr. P. Rodriguez, declaring that the Noli is very
Christian.

14-18 November 1888
He was busy reading the book of Gaspar de San Agustin about the Philippines. He found the book full of pessimism
especially that part which refers to the Indios. The book would have been one of the best references on Philippines
literature if not for this defect, according to Rizal.

6 December 1888
Rizal received the news that in spite his opposition, he was elected director of the new newspaper. He was the only
candidate who met less adversaries. With this outcome, he planned to go to Madrid to see the members of the Filipino
Colony.

6 December 1888
he wrote an extensive article on the meaning and determination of the island Ma-Yi described by Chao JuKua, the
Chinese chronicler, in his old Chinese codex.

8 December 1888
Rizal sent to Dr. Carlos Czepelack his sculptural work Revancha in exchange for the beautiful landscape he received
from the latter. During the previous days he read the book of Multatuli, a Dutch author. He found the book similar to
his Noli with difference, however, on the strength of attack. Rizals attacks are more violent than those of Multatulis.

11 December 1888
He left London for Barcelona and Madrid.

RIZAL BACK IN SPAIN

13 December 1888
In Barcelona, he saw the members of the Filipino colony: Mariano Ponce, Fernando Canon, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, and
others. They talked much about the Filipinism of Prof. Blumentritt.

RIZAL BACK IN LONDON

24 December 1888
Rizal arrived at London from his twelve days visit to Spain.

24 December 1888
In a letter, he reminded Prof. Blumentritt of the two busts he sent the latter before leaving for Madrid. The Augustus,
which took him 10 days modeling, was given as a Christmas gift to Prof. Blumentritt and the Julius, to Dr. Carlos
Czepelack. (Jesus Christ was born during the time of Octavio Cesar called Augosto by the Roman Emperors, hence, as
his affection for Prof. Blumentritt, Rizal gave him the Augustus).

28 December 1888
In a letter, he requested Fernando Canon to be the interpreter of his (Rizals) sentiments on the December 31st
gathering among the Filipino in Madrid.
- In a letter, Rizal requested Ponce to publish the manuscript of the "La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez", about 3,000 to 4,000
copies, and for its expenses, to utilize the money earned for selling copies of the Noli.

31 December 1888
Rizal sent a letter to be read before the reunited Filipinos in Madrid, animating them to do something worthy for the
country. He reaffirmed his loyalty to the association and his desire to think and feel with the members, to dream, to
want, and to plan something good for the country.

January 1889
in a letter, Rizal told Jose Ma. Basa in Hongkong not to send the rest of the copies of the Noli to the Philippines to
prevent them from being burned or destroyed by the timid Filipinos. "If the present generation does not like to read
my book because of fear. I will keep it for the next generation to come," said Rizal.

6 January 1889
in a letter, he requested Mariano Ponce to change the word sabio to como libre pensador in his (Rizals) article "La
Vision de Fr. Rodriguez" which was sent to Barcelona for publication.

14 January 1889
He sent to Prof. Blumentritt a copy of his plan of forming an International Association of Filipinologists, asking the
latter for his opinion about this plan. He thought of holding a conference among the members during the Paris
exposition in August, 1889.

4 February 1889
Rizal rejoiced because of the coming out on the 15th of the month of the publication La Solidaridad in Barcelona. This
was communicated to Marcelo H. del Pilar. He urged that one of the Filipinos staying in Barcelona should study the
Italian language to be able to read and study the manuscript written in Italian and which treated about the Philippine
situation in 1520. The manuscripts, according to Rizal, were written by one of the companions of Magellan.

6 February 1889
In a letter, he requested Prof. Blumentritt to talk with Dr. A. B. Meyer concerning the Association of Filipinologists. The
latter was elected member of the organization.

14 February 1889
In a letter, he requested Dr. A. B. Meyer to nominate one Dutch member to the International Association of
Filipinologists.

22 February 1889
he wrote the famous letter to the women of Malolos, as per request by Marcelo H. del Pilar.

27 February 1889
in a letter, he informed Dr. A. B. Meyer that Dr. Niuman from Holland, did not accept the position of adviser-member
of the Association due to the latters many occupations.

5 March 1889
In a letter, Rizal congratulated Graciano Lopez-Jaena for the excellent speech, which the latter delivered.

15 march 1889
Rizals article "El Solfeo de La Defensa" was published in the La Solidaridad.
-His "Los agriculores Filipinos" was published in the La Solidaridad.

RIZAL BACK IN PARIS

19 March 1889
Rizal arrived at Paris and immediately founded the Kidlat Club. Since he had no time to publish immediately the
annota-tions to the Morgans Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, he planned to edit the Ethnography of Mindanao together
with Blumentritt Defense.
On the same day, Rizal, in Paris, permitted Mariano Ponce to publishthe poem "En Bosque" advising the latter pay
attention to the signature Laong Laan. Likewise, advised Ponce to buy Filipino books and to mention its authors from
time to time.

27 March 1889
He received a table cloth gift from Mrs. Rosa Blumwentritt. In order to remember her always, he placed it on his study
table under the table lamp to remind him frequentlyduring his studies in the evening.

28 March 1889
Rizal borrowed from Blumentritt several pictures of different positions with the object of modeling some busts for the
Professor. Rizal wanted to leave something as a remebrance of his art to the Austrian savant.

31 March 1889
His "Me Piden Versos!" Signed Laong-Laan was published in the La Solidaridad.

March 1889
He became sick in Paris. In a letter to Graciano Loperz Jaena to whom he sent an article for the La Solidaridad, Rizal
made mention of his being sick.
He requested Lopez Jaena to become a member of the kidlat, a Filipino Club in Paris. He advised Jaena on the way the
newspaper La Solidaridad should be run.

12 April 1889
Another speech was delivered against Rizal in the Spanish Congress. Dr. Luis M. de Pardo, appearing in the Congress.
Dr., Luis M. de Pardo, said that " En Filipinas Sr. Presidente del Consejo Circula con gran profusion, y no ahora, sino
desde hace algun tiempo, un libro titulado Noli Me Tengere, que ye suplicaria al Sr. Presidente quesuplicaria al Sr.
Presidente que estudiar; pero hagalo con cierto ciudad proque tiene bastante envenenarse su seorita."

18 April 1889
In a letter, Rizal informed Mariano Ponce that if not for the 1872 event, he should have been a Jesuit and instead of
writing the Noli Me Tangere, he should have written another.

23 April 1889
He sent a manuscript of the "Ethnography of Mindanao" to Barcelona for publication. Likewise, he sent to Dr. Joist the
letter of Manuel Hidalgo in which the abuses of the friars in the Philippines were mentioned and from which Rizal
hoped Dr. Joist could gather facts for publication in the Kolmer Zeitung.

30 April 1889
In a letter, Rizal Proposed to Mariano Ponce that a conference among Plaridel (Marcelo H. del Pilar), Apacible,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Ferdinand Blumintritt, Julio Llorente, Fernando Canon, and themselves should be held in Paris.
He planned to return to Chalcot Crescent, London.
His article "a La Defensa" was published in the La Solidaridad.

2 May 1889
Rizal wrote Fernando Canon about his sentiment upon thinking that Canons child woulf later be a lost member or a
country that needed men.

8 May 1889
He learned from Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera who arrived from the Philippines, that life in the country was impossible.
Tavera told Rizal of his prediction that a big revolution in the Philippines would occur within ten years unless the
condition would change.

15 May 1889
He sent the manuscript of his Article "por telepono" to publication in pamhlet form.
His article "Los Viajes" signed Laong Laan was published in the La Solidaridad.

20 May 1889
He requested ferdinand Blumentritt to write the prologue to the Morga which he was preparing for printing. Morever,
he urged the Austrian Professor to come to Paris for vacation and conference, placing at the latters disposal 200
marks for transportation expenses.
He sent to Marcelo H. del Pilar a manuscript of an article, an answer to the "La Voz de Manila." He informed Del Pilar
that he had Broken relation with Regidor due to the noncompliance of the latter of publishing his (Rizals) manuscript
as per agreement.

23 May 1889
Rizals brother-in-law, Mariano Herbosa, died of cholera, together with Isidoro Alcala, both from Calamba. Herbosa
was not buried in the holy ground but on the hill (Lecheria) outside Calamba, causing Rizal to publish in the La
Solidaridad the biting article entitled "Una Profanacion" on July 31, 1889.

26 May 1889
he sent Mariano Ponce his answer to Barranter criticism. He instructed ponce to publish it with his (Rizals) name or
that of Laong Laan.

31 May 1889
Rizal published his "La Verdad para Todos" in the La Solidaridad.

4 June 1889
He translated more than 30 pages of Blumentritts Memorias on the tribes of Mindanao. He expressed the illusion than
when liberty brightens in the Philippines, he and Blumentritt would come and live together.
Dr. A. B. Meyer visited him in Paris.

6 June 1889
He conducted Julio Llorente, his childhood friend, around Paris the whole day. Rizal had to accompany Llorente always
because the latter did not know French.

15 June 1889
Rizals letter "Al Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes" was published in the La Solidaridad (first installment).

18 June 1889
He sent to Marcelo H. del Pilar the manuscripts of the "Defensa del Noli" of Dr. Blumentritt. He wanted it to be
published in the La Solidaridad by the end of the month.

19 June 1889
Rizal planned to leave Paris. He was annoyed by the exorbitant increase of room rentals. The landladies of Paris
became opportunist of the presence of the Exposition.

23 June 1889
He continued with enthusiasm the translation of Blumentritts Memorias on the tribes of Mindanao. He was already on
page 36.
Two copies of his picture (age 28) were sent to Blumentritt and Dr. Czepelack.

30 June 1889
Rizals letter he informed Mariano Ponce that he was going to wander for few days in other countries. He requested
Ponce to inform the others on Barcelona about his plan.

4 July 1889
at 8:55 in the evening, Rizal Left Paris for Dieppe. He arrived at Vernon at 10:15 and at Rouen at 11:30 in the same
evening. In his travel he was very much disturbed by a loquacious American who was always boasting of things
American.

12 July 1889
Rizal arrived at Paris from London where he spent a few days confronting the proofs of the Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas with the original book found in the British Museum. He resided now at 45 Rue de Manbenge and attended to
the finishing touches of his annotations.

23 July 1889
He sent to the printing press his annotations to Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and requested Prof. Blumentritt
in a letter to keep secret the publication of the book because with it he wanted to surprise his compatriots.

30 July 1889
He was very busy the past days and on this day he was going to the printing press Garnier Hermanos, reading and
correcting the proofs and adding new annotations to the work.

July 1889
His "Two Eastern Fables," a comparative study of the Japanese and Philippine folklore, appeared in Trubners Record
(London).

31 July 1889
his article "Verdades Neuvas" was published in the La Solidaridad.

13 August 1889
he was admitted to make studies in the "Bibliotheque Nationale" of Paris. His Admission ended on December 31,
1889.
Rizal was very much occupied. He had much work to do and he felt blank.

14 August 1889
he received a telegram from Hongkong with the information that Paciano Mercado, Silvestre Ubaldo, Antonio and
leandro Lopez, Mateo Elejorder and others were accused and threatened of deportation.

9 September 1889
Rizal was very busy in Paris putting the Morga in the final form.
-With five or six young men from lipa, who were in Paris and who were willing to go with him, he planned to visit Prof.
Blumentritt in Leitmeritz the following year. Rizal wanted to show to Blumentritt that he (Blumentritt) was not
depending in vain the Filipino people.
He attended the baptismal party of the child of Juan Luna.

10 September 1889
In Paris he met Sr. Moret, the ex-minister of the Spanish government. The ex-minister purposely went to Paris to
meet and talk with the author of the Noli Me Tangere which he liked very much,

15 September 1889
His article "Differencias" was Published in the La Solidaridad.

21 September 1889
Rizal instructed Jose Ma. Basa to do away with pseudonyms in the articles he (Basa) was publishing in the newspapers
in Hongkong. He requested Basa to pay especial attention to the packages or letters with the initials Rd. L. M. written
on the envelope.

22 September 1889
In a package, he sent to Blumentritt two statues: a beggar with a hat and a maid with bilao on her hands. He sent,
too, a wallet made of nito vines. All these things came from one of Blumentritts admirers in the Philippines.

30 September 1889
his essay "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Aos" was published in the La Solidaridad (first installment).

10 October 1889
Rizal was believed to have written in Paris a proclama-tion carrying this date, in which a bloody revolution was being
announced. Part of it follows: "cuando se le arranca del corazon hasta la ultima esperanza entonces entonces
entonces no le queda otro remedio sino sangriento y suicida de la revolucion!!!"

20 October 1889
He insistently requested Prof. Blumentritt to write the prologue to his annotations to Morgas Sucesos de las Filipinas,
giving him the freedom of criticizing or eulogizing the work. Rizal said: "I want to give my countrymen an example
that I do not write for myself nor for my glory, but for my country and thats why I prefer the truth than my face. God
grant that my countrymen also sacrifice their passions for the welfare of the country."

22 October 1889
He attended the nuptial ceremony of Felix Pardo de Tavera. Because of this event, he postponed his plan of going to
London for the confrontation of the proofs with the original Morga in the British Museum.

31 October 1889
His essay "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Aos" was published in the La Solidaridad (second installment).

4 November 1889
A secret member of the R.L.M. with the no. 2 grade was introduced to Marcelo H. del Pilar in a letter by Rizal. This
secret member went to Madrid with the object of securing a high position in the Cathedral and avenging injustices of
which he was a victim in the Philippines.

11 November 1889
He erased the name of Quioquiap from the prolongue written by Blumentritt for the Morgas Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas which was being printed with the Rizal annotation.

15 November 1889
His article "a La Patria" was published in the La Solidaridad.

22 November 1889
Rizal sent back to Blumentritt the original of the Prologue and the proofs with his corrections. He expressed his
sentiments to Blumentritt that he did not like the Filipinos to be imploring and asking the confraternity of the
Spaniards.
From Paris Rizal sent to Marcelo H. del Pilar in Madrid the Article about Blumentritt to be published in the La
Solidaridad.

30 November 1889
His article "Inconsecuencias" was published in the La Solidaridad.

1 December 1889
He finished with the proofreading of the galley proofs of the Morga. He wrote to Dr. Meyer that as soon as the printing
of the books is finished, one copy would be sent to him. Likewise, he explained to the latter the meaning of the word
UPOS found in the book of Morga.

December 1889
From Paris Rizal sent to M.H. del Pilar the continuation of the "Filipinas dentro de cien aos," some poems and letters
of Bluementritt, all to be published at the disposal of the director of the La Solidaridad.

15 December 1889
His essay "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Aos" was published in the La Solidaridad (third installment).

His poem the "Las Flores de Heidelberg" signed Laong Laan was published in the La Solidaridad.

23 December 1889
Copies of the Morga started coming out from the printing press. He sent one copy to Mariano Ponce in Barcelona. In a
letter, Ponce told Rizal that the book would rectify the wrong notion, which the enemies had against the Philippines. A
big blow against the enemies, he said further.

His admission permit to the Bibliotheque Nationale expired on this day.

3 January 1890
Rizal who was still in Paris announced to Ponce his return to London.

RIZAL BACK IN LONDON

6 January 1890
Rizal arrived at London from Paris. He went on searching for the paper and book, which Dr. Meyer requested him to
buy in London.

15 January 1890
His article "Ingratitudes" was published in the La Solidaridad.

RIZAL BACK IN PARIS

8 January 1890
Rizal arrived at Paris from London and planned to go Holland to look for books in the libraries their written during the
7th century about the Philippines.

8 January 1890
Rizal and Albert left Paris for Brussels.

1 February 1890
His essay "Filipinas dentro de cien aos was published in the La Solidaridad (fourth installment).

RIZAL IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM

2 February 1890
Rizal arrived Brussels from Paris.

12 February 1890
In a letter advised Mariano Ponce Barcelona to collect the article he (Ponce) was publishing because they would be
useful later, publishing them in book form.

15 February 1890
His letter "Excelmo., Seor Don Vicen Barrantes" was published in the La Solidaridad.

5 March 1890
In a letter he told Dr. A.B. Meyer that the Filipinos before the coming of the Spaniards used to drink "arak" or wine of
nipa or coconut tree, and were chewing buyo. The opium, according to him, was introduced after the arrival of the
Spaniards.

31 March 1890
His editorial article "Filipinas en el congreso" was published in the La Solidaridad.
He planned of establishing on top of a hill in Calamba a school which would be directed by him. He hoped the Filipino
youth would study in this school.

15 April 1890
Rizals letter to his countrymen, "Sobre la nueva ortografia de la lengua tagala," was published in the La Solidaridad.

His article "Seamos justos" was published in the La Solidaridad.

17 April 1890
Rizal didnt believe that the Filipinos came from Sumatra. After reading the book of Marsden, Sumatra, he found many
similarities about the two people especially in costumes; but he didnt draw the conclusion that Filipinos came from
Sumatra. He said that from two similar poeple no conclusion could be drawn that one came from the other. The two
might be the sons of a dead father.

30 April 1890
His editorial article "Cosas de Filipinas" was published in the La Solidaridad.

26 May 1890
His article "Mas sobre el asunto de Negros" was published in the La Solidaridad.

26 May1890
He came to know that his annotations of Morgas work was very much searched and read in the Philippines. A copy
reached twice the original price of 12.50 francs.

28 May 1890
In a letter, he complained to M.H. del Pilar about the Filipinos indulging in gambling in Madrid. He said that Juan Luna
and Valentin Ventura in Paris were complaining about it, as it became known already in the Philippines.

6 June 1890
In a letter Rizal wanted his sister Soledad to be virtuous and possessed of good qualities in order to serve as a model
among her pupils.

11 June 1890
He informed M.H. del Pilar that he was not separating from the La Solidaridad but was only resting and giving others
the opportunity to use their pen. Rizal was going to continue the second part of the Noli.

28 June 1890
Persecutions against Rizals family in Calamba were intensified. These were communicated to him in Brussels by his
brother. People were driven from Calamba by the friars aided by the civil guards.

3 July 1890
In order that Antonio Luna would know about his activities in Brussels, Rizal informed the former that he was working
and studying, going to the clinic, reading and writing, and going to the gymnasium and the "Sala de Armas" for
practice.

5 July 1890
In a letter Rizal reminded Dr. Blumentritt if he had received already the two sculptural works which were sent on
Sept.22, 1899.

9 July 1890
In a letter to M. Ponce, he opposed Graciano Lopez Jaenas going to Cuba. He said it is useless: "If one has to die let
him die at lest in his own country, for the cause of his country and for the welfare of his people." He informed Mariano
Ponce about this.

15 July 1890
His essay "Sobre la indolencia in the La Solidaridad (first installment).
Also his editorial article "Una Esperanza" was published in the La Solidaridad.

18 July 1890
Rizal received from Mariano Ponce, who was in Barcelona, 125 francs. The money arrived at a time when Rizal had
just one franc left in his pocket for his existence in Brussels. He planned to go to Madrid.
In a letter he promised to Marcelo H. del Pilar that the was leaving Brussels before the end of the month. He wanted
to present before the Supreme Court in Madrid the lawsuit against the friars of Calamba.

20 July 1890
He sent to Madrid the continuation of the "Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos." He also sent the authority for the
presentation of the case before the Supreme Court. He planned of leaving Brussels at the end of the month. His family
lost the cases in Calamba against the friars and Paciano elevated the case to the Supreme Court in Madrid.

29 July 1890
Rizal informed Mariano Ponce of his departure for Madrid on the 1st of August and his arrival there on the 3rd or the
4th day of the same month.

31 July 1890
His essay "Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos" was published in the La Solidaridad (second installment).

RIZAL BACK IN MADRID

15 August 1890
His essay "Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos was published in the Solidaridad (third installment).

20 August 1890
He wrote to his brother and sisters advised about the persecution of the noble persons of Calamba, but to have
patience since he was going to consult the Minister of Pardon and Justice of the Spanish government in Madrid.

23 August 1890
He reported to Juan Luna what transpired between him and Antonio Luna. They had a quarrel and they also had a
duel.

31 August 1890
His essay "Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos" was published in the Solidaridad (fourth installment).

15 September 1890
His essay "Sobre la indolencia de los Filipinos" was published in La Solidaridad (fourth installment).

31 October 1890
His article "I contestacion a Don Isabel delos Reyes" was published in La Solidaridad.
His article "El amor patria with his pen name Laong Laan was published in the Solidaridad.

5 November 1890
His comments on D.F. Pi y Margallalls article "Las luchas de nuestros dias" was published in the La Solidaridad (first
installment).

15 November 1890
He was issued the diploma of Mason-tea of the Lodge "Solidaridad the Grand Oriente Espaol."

23 November 1890
He wrote legend of "Mariang Makiling," which was published in the La Solidaridad on December 1890.

30 November 1890
Jose Rizal comment on D.F. Pi y Margall's article "Las Luchas de Nuestros Dias" was published in the Solidaridad
(second installment).

15 December 1890
His article "Como Se Gobierno las Filipinas" was published in the La Solidaridad
His poem "A mi", -signed Laong Laan, was published in the La Solidaridad.
31 December 1890
His article "Mariang Makiling," signed Laong Laan, was published in the La Solidaridad.

7 January 1891
Rizal wrote a very inspiring and interesting letter to P. Vicente Garcia, seeking from the latter a light with which to
prepare himself (Rizal) to trend the path of the future. He said that the experience of old who has seen much of the
world and studied more can supplement the youths few years and little knowledge.

21 January 1891
In a letter, he broached to Jose Ma. Basa his idea of founding a college in Hong Kong where they would teach
languages, sciences, and arts, patterned after the Jesuits Colleges.

27 January 1891
Rizal left Madrid for Paris via Biarritz, after encountering all failures and difficulties in Madrid.

RIZAL BIARRITZ, FRANCE

11 February 1891
From Biarritz, Rizal wrote Mariano Ponce in Madrid that he was too occupied and could not send articles for the La
Solidaridad. He offered his services of answering the attacks hurled against them in case Marcelo H. del Pilar and
Antonio Luna could not answer.

29 March 1891
He finished writing his book El Filibusterismo. He planned, however, of revising some chapters.

RIZAL BACK IN PARIS, FRANCE

4 April 1891
Rizal sent a letter to Jose Maria Basa asking the latter if he (Rizal) could borrow money to defray his fare for Hong
Kong from Paris.

RIZAL IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM

8 April 1891
Rizal arrived at Brussels, from Paris. He immediately wrote a letter of congratulation to Antonio Luna in Madrid.

19 April 1891
In a letter, he reiterated to Jose Ma. Basa his intention of borrowing some amount so that he could leave immediately
for Hong Kong. He sent two letters to the Philippines through Jose Ma. Basa: one for his family in Calamba.

23 April 1891
He was revising some chapters of the Fili. He thought of sending it soon to the printing press.

1 May 1891
In a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated [again] his desire to be in Hong Kong, reminding the former of the amount he
was borrowing for his fare.
He also informed Deodato Arellano of his plan to move from Europe to either Hongkong, Philippines or Japan, and to
renounce the receiving of pension from the Propaganda."

30 May 1891
Rizal set ready for printing 20 chapters of the manuscript of the El Filibusterismo. He was waiting for an amount to
defray the publication expense.

13 June 1891
Rizal finished reviewing and correcting the manuscript of the Fili, except for the last three chapters.

21 June 1891
He left Brussels for Ghent.

RIZAL IN GHENT, BELGIUM

3 July 1891
Rizal received from Jose Ma. Basa the amount he was borrowing for his trip to Hong Kong from Marseilles, as well as
the letter for the Director of the Messageries Maritimes. He was boarding at 9 Rue de Hinaut.

9 July 1891
He was financially hard up. He did not receive for three months up to this date any pension from home. He was living
in the most difficult situation, renting a small room and eating the modest food in order to economize and able to
publish the Fili. He had already pawned all his jewels.

29 July 1891
Rizal informed Eduardo Lete about the details of the two agricultural colonies in Belgium, telling the latter that the
Hoogstragen colony is for men and that of Brujas, for women. To know the details about this request of Lete, Rizal
personally went to Brussels.

4 August 1891
In a letter, he thanked Prof. Blumemtritt for the two books: the first volume of I El Sacerdocio and the beautiful
treaties of Mal Epos. He planned to write articles about these but the El Filibusterismo consumed his time.

6 August 1891
He told Juan Zulueta that it was never his habit to provoke conflicts; that the idea which precipitated the conflict
among the members of the Colony in Madrid did not come from him but from other persons, and that he never had
the desire under his leadership to subordinate neither the La Solidaridad nor its director.

23 August 1891
In a letter, Rizal informed Blumentritt that Padre Leoncio Lopez, the old parish priest of Calamba who wanted to see
and shake hands with him again in Calamba before eternally leaving the valley of tears, but who died before the
publication of the Noli, is described in the Fili as Padre Florentino.

24 August 1891
Rizal wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce in Madrid informing the latter that he was deeply hurt by the false accusations
coming from Manila. However, he reiterated his adherence to the cause of the movement.

26 August 1891
In a letter, he informed Basa in Hong Kong that the Fili was coming out in September.

16 September 1891
The El Filibusterismo was about to come off the press of F. Meyer, Van Loo at No. 66 Vlanderestraat. He was elated,
together with Jose Alejandro who was staying with him at No. 32 Vlanderestraat, near the printing press.

18 September 1891
The Fili came off the press and Rizal sent to Hong Kong two copies: one for Jose Ma. Basa and the other for Sixto
Lopez.

22 September 1891
He sent one copy of his El Filibusterismo to Marcelo H. del Pilar. He informed the latter at the same time that he was
completely retiring from politics since he said he was going home. Likewise, he sent a copy to Antonio M. Regidor, one
of his countrymen living in London.

He planned of writing the third novel during his travel back home. He wanted to write about the customs and usages
of the Filipinos in a humorous and satirical style.

25 September 1891
Valentin Ventura sent to Rizal in Ghent 200 francs for the publication expenses of the Fili.

RIZAL IN PARIS

3 October 1891
From Paris, Rizal sent a letter with 600 copies of the El Filibusterismo, to Jose Ma. Basa in Hongkong saying that he
was definitely taking the next trip of the Melbourne for Hongkong from Marseilles.

7 October 1891
Since January up to this date the whole amount Rizal received as help from the "Propaganda" amounted to three
hundred pesos (P300.00) only. Because of discontent, he informed Marcelo H. del Pilar that he was not writing
anymore for the La Solidaridad, and was renouncing the receiving of pensions from the "Propaganda."

9 October 1891
He confessed to Blumentritt that he would not write anymore for the La Solidaridad. He said he was leaving the field
to others to manage the policy of the newspaper in order to avoid schism among the Filipinos in Madrid.

13 October 1891
Rizal made clear the cause of the conflict between him and Marcelo del Pilar. He wrote Del Pilar about the details of
the cause of their misunderstanding and the reason why he could not return to Madrid.

17 October 1891
He arrived at Marseilles with boxes of Morga and Fili.

RIZAL BOUND FOR HONG KONG

18 October 1891
Rizal left Marseilles for Hong Kong aboard the Melbourne. On board, the beauty of Mme. De Block amused him

19 October 1891
He woke up near Corcega. The day was beautiful, fresh and carried mild breeze.
He was surprised to hear Bishop Volenteri talked much about the Philippines. The Bishop had stayed in the Philippines
for 23 years.

23 October 1891
He arrived at Alejandria where the boat was invaded by the vendors offering the passengers their services. He was
irked by the natives behaviors.

24 October 1891
At six oclock in the morning, he left Port Said to start his trip along the Suez Canal.

25 October 1891
In the evening, while traveling in the Red Sea, Rizal had a long discussion about religion with Bishop Volenteri. The
Bishop was so intolerant.

29 October 1891
He visited Aden and found the place more beautiful now than before. Here he saw slave cargoes.

31 October 1891
He passed the point of Guardafui. This was his 14
th
day on the sea on board the S.S. Melbourne since he departed
from Marseilles.

1 November 1891
He had a conversation with a Russian naturalist, who asked him whether he was a patriot, whether his country was
unfortunate. In return, Rizal asked the Russian what consists the misfortune of a nation.

2 November 1891
It was on this day that, on board the Melbourne, he made mention of Mr. W. B. Prayer who later became Rizals
correspondent regarding the North Borneo settlement project.

3 November 1891
The sky was cloudy when Rizal woke up. Many passengers became sick on board. His clothes became wet. In the
evening, he heard an Englishman sang ballads, among them the "Diver" and the " I am Khulen Keller."

4 November 1891
The day continued to be cloudy. Rizal was surprised how fast the oxidation took place among the iron bars. The fiesta
prepared on board was suspended because of the bad weather. After hearing the discussion about "will "and "hope",
he told his listeners that without hope there is no will.

5 November 1891
He had a long conversation about things related to Medicine, towns, girls, writers, artists, feeling and literature with
Mme. De Block.
In the afternoon, he played chess with the best players. He won. At 8:30 in the evening, he arrived at Colombo.

6 November 1891
He took a walk around the town of Colombo. He went to see the Museum, the hospital, the Temple of Buddha, and
other places of interest. Here he made a detailed observation of the different Buddha peoples he met on the street.

8 November 1891
On board, Rizal met some Franciscans whom he informed about the Franciscans in the Philippines. They told him that
if the Franciscans of the Philippines are rich, then they are no longer Franciscans.

10 November 1891
Rizal had a talk with Mr. W. B. Prayer about the colonization of North Borneo. At four oclock in the afternoon, he
arrived at Singapore where he came to know about the departure of General Despujol for the Philippines.

14 November 1891
He arrived at Saigon. He went ashore to visit the town. He saw the Museum and the Zoological Garden.

15 November 1891
He was still in Saigon on this day. He made so many visits around the town with his co-passengers. He went to
Chelong, a city hall an hour travel from Saigon, for observation.

16 to 19 November 1891
Rizal was again on board the S. S. Melbourne traveling from Saigon to Hong Kong.

RIZAL IN HONG KONG

19 November 1891
In the evening Rizal arrived at Hong Kong.

26 November 1891
From Hong Kong Rizal sent to Manuel Camus in Singapore 20 copies of the Fili, 6 of the Morga and 4 of the Noli. He
gave Camus 25 percent commission for the books sold.

1 December 1891
He asked permission from his parents to join them in Manila in their sacrifices and at the same time, encouraged them
to have a little endurance. He said: " I have learned of the exile of four townmates to Jolo and of the return of my
brother to Manila. I have also learned that mother, Pangoy and Trining, have been summoned again by the civil
government. I am burning with desire to embrace you. Patience, a little patience! Courage!"

6 December 1891
Francisco Mercado, Paciano and his brother-in-law, Silvestre Ubaldo, escaped from the Philippines to avoid
persecution, and arrived at Hong Kong to join him.

12 December 1891
In a letter sent to Maria, one of his sisters in the Philippines, Rizal broached his plan of establishing a Filipino colony in
North British Borneo.

17 December 1891
On this day Governor General Despujol, offering his services and cooperation for the common good. He wanted to
point to the latter the ills of country in order to help cure the wounds of mal-administration.

27 December 1891
An article was published in the La Epoca carrying false news about Rizals stay in the Philippines and his influence
among the natives. This article carries no authors name and was believed to have been inspired by a Dominican friar.

December 1891
Rizal was visited by an Augustinian friar in his house. The friar pulled his ears and wanted to attack him. But Rizal
stopped the intruder by twisting the latters hand.

25 January 1892
The duplicate of his diploma in Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery was issued by the Ministry of Development in
Madrid.

30 January 1892
In a letter, Juan Luna favorably endorsed Rizals plan of establishing a Filipino colony in North Borneo. He wished Rizal
luck and success in this project.

January 1892
Everyday, after his medical practices in his clinic, he continued writing his third novel. It treated exclusively about the
Tagalog customs, usages, virtues and defects. Meanwhile, his brother Paciano translated the Noli into Tagalog.

1 February 1892
Rizal paid thirty-five pesos (P35.00) to D. Mallunko for the rent on the premises of A-2 Rednaxela from January 1st to
31st.

6 February 1892
Rizal wrote a letter addressed to "My beloved friend" and signed it with the name Cabisa.

15 February 1892
The Hong Kong Telegraph published the letter of Rizal signed Philippines in which he denounced the vandalistic actions
of the friar manager of the Dominicans in destroying the houses of those who refused to pay the exorbitant rentals
demanded of them in Calamba.

23 February 1892
Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt in which he informed the latter of his plan of emigrating to Borneo where he could
establish another Calamba free from the abuses of the friars and the civil guards.

2 March 1892
He visited Victoria Gaol in Hong Kong. Dr. Lorenzo Pereira Marquez who was the physician of the state prison
accompanied him.

RIZAL ON THE WAY TO HONG KONG FROM BORNEO

7 March 1892
Rizal left North Borneo on Board the boat Memon for Hong Kong. In the morning, he was traveling on the Philippine
waters near Cagayan de Oro.

8 March 1892
He was traveling along Mindoro Strait on his way back to Hong Kong from North Borneo. Mindoro, according to him
was mountainous on the southeastern part, with few trees and uninhabited.
RIZAL BACK IN HONG KONG

11 March 1892
Rizal received the duplicate copy of his Licentiate in Medicine, which allowed him to practice his medical profession in
the Crown Colony.

Governor-General Despujol issued a decree of pardon for some of Rizals followers and friends who were deported to
far places.

11 March 1892
He thanked the staff members of the La Solidaridad for the campaign undertaken for the Calamba case. The La
Solidaridad carried articles about the troubles in Calamba whose people were stripped off of the land they were
cultivating by the friars.

21 March 1892
In a letter, he asked permission from the Governor-General to change his nationality and to gather the few properties
of his family left in Calamba. He informed the latter of his plan of establishing a Filipino Colony in Borneo.

22 March 1892
Rizal received a receipt for $88.28 from Wenyon and Robinson of Hongkong in payment for the account of Sixto Lopez
which was paid by him.

23 March 1892
The Rector of the Universidad Central de Madrid wrote to the Minister of State, requesting that a representative of the
Spanish government in Hongkong deliver personally the diploma of Rizal at the instance of Baldomero Roxas y Luz.

20 April 1892
He abandoned the idea of continuing to write in Tagalog the third part of his third novel.

23 May 1892
He sent a letter of protest to Mariano Ponce against the article of Eduardo Lete published in the La Solidaridad. He
wondered why Marcelo H. del Pilar permitted the publication of such article. He feared that it would lead the Filipinos
to believe the existence of schism among them. He was angry and furious at the attack of Lete.

24 May 1892
In Hongkong, Rizal wrote a letter to Juan Zulueta complaining of the article of Lete published in the La Solidaridad. He
said that the article of Lete is highly impolite and prejudicial to the Philippines.

15 June 1892
He urged Mariano Ponce to establish a portable Tagalog printing press in Manila to handle the publication of news and
article whenever necessary.

20 June 1892
He wrote two letters which he left sealed in the custody of Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez, with instructions that these letters
"be made public after my death". One of these was addressed to his parents, brothers, sisters and friends; and other,
to his countrymen.

21 June 1892
He wrote to Governor-General Despujol advising the latter of his arrival to the Philippines to take the few things of the
family. Rizal was in Hongkong at this time, about to depart for the Philippines. He informed the Governor-General of
his arrival in the Philippines ready to face whatever charges presented against him.

RIZAL IN THE PHILIPPINES

26 June 1892
Rizal arrived in the Philippines from Hongkong on board the boat Don Juan. After having been inspected by the
custom men, he boarded in the Oriente Hotel where he occupied room No. 22, facing the Binondo church. His sister,
Lucia, accompanied him in his return to the Philippines. In the evening, he attended the reunion held in the house of
Don Ong-junco, a Chinese mestizo, who was living in the district of Tondo. Here he met many Filipinos who were later
arrested and executed as a consequence of the discovery of the Katipunan.

27 June 1892
He took a train for his pleasure trip to Bulacan and Pampanga. He visited Malolos, San Fernando and Tarlac and his
return, Bacolor.

28 June 1892
At 5:00 p.m. he arrived at Manila from his trip to Central Luzon.

29 June 1892
At 7:30 in the morning, he went to see Governor-General Eulogio Despujol. They talked about the Borneo plan. The
Governor-General was very much opposed to it. Rizal was told to return the following Sunday.

June 1892
Rizal used to see Maximo Viola in the Oriental Hotel prior to his (Rizals) deportation to Dapitan. Here Rizal confided to
Viola the results of his interview with the Governor-General, which he termed sometimes pessimistic, sometimes
optimistic.

3 July 1892
Rizal had again an interview with Governor-General Despujol. He thanked Governor-General Despujol for lifting the
order of exile for his sisters. The Governor told him to come back the following Wednesday.

In the evening, he attended a meeting at a house on Calle Ylaya to discuss the proposed Liga Filipina.

6 July 1892
Rizal held the last interview with the Governor-General. The governor-general confronted him for anti-friar bills
supposedly found in the baggages of his sister Lucia. He was ordered imprisoned in Fort Santiago.

7 July 1892
Governor-General Eulogio Despujol issued a decree deporting Rizal to Dapitan. All the newspapers of the city
published the decree on that day.

14 July 1892
In his prison cell, he was informed by D. Ramon Despujol , aide and the nephew of the Governor- General, that at
10:00 in the evening they would leave for Dapitan.

15 July 1892
At 1:00 on the morning, Rizal was shipped on board the boat S. S. Cebu to Dapitan. He was given good cabin, but
well guarded.

PEACEFUL LIFE IN DAPITAN

During the early part of his exile in Dapitan, Rizal lived at the commandants residence. With his prize from the Manila
Lottery and his earnings as a farmer and a merchant, he bought a piece of land near the shore of Talisay near
Dapitan. On this land, he built three houses- all made of bamboo, wood, and nipa. The first house which was square
in shape was his home. The second house was the living quarters of his pupils. And the third house was the barn
where he kept his chickens. The second house had eight sides, while the third had six sides.

In a latter to his friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, on December 19, 1893, Rizal described his peaceful life in Dapitan.

"I shall tell you how we lived here. I have three houses-one square, another hexagonal, and the third octagonal. All
these houses are made of bamboo, wood, and nipa. I live in the square house, together with my mother, my sister,
Trinidad, and my nephew. In the octagonal house live some young boys who are my pupils. The hexagonal house is
my barn where I keep my chickens.

"From my house, I hear the murmur of a clear brook which comes from the high rocks. I see the seashore where I
keep two boats, which are called barotos here.

"I have many fruit trees, such as mangoes, lanzones, guayabanos, baluno, nangka, etc. I have rabbits, dogs, cats,
and other animals.

"I rise early in the morning-at five-visit my plants, feed the chickens, awaken my people, and prepare our breakfast.
At half-past seven, we eat our breakfast, which consists of tea, bread, cheese, sweets, and other things.

"After breakfast, I treat the poor patients who come to my house. Then I dress and go to Dapitan in my baroto. I am
busy the whole morning, attending to my patients in town.

"At noon, I return home to Talisay for lunch. Then, from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m., I am busy as a teacher. I teach the young
boys.


"I spend the rest of the afternoon in farming. My pupils help me in watering the plants, pruning the fruits, and
planting many kinds of trees. We stop at 6:00 p.m. for the Angelus

"I spend the night reading and writing."

Rizal's First Christmas in Dapitan

After a short time, Jose Rizal began to enjoy the simple life of Dapitan.

Rizal became prosperous. Aside from his lottery prize, Rizal earned more money by practicing medicine. Some rich
patients paid him well for curing their eye ailments. He began to buy agricultural lands in Talisay, a barrio near
Dapitan. He planned to build his house in this scenic barrio by the seashore.

As Christmas came nearer, Rizal became more cheerful. His savings increased, for the cost of living in Dapitan was
cheaper than in Calamba. His health improved. Many Dapitan folks, who were formerly indifferent to him, became his
friends.

No wonder, Rizal enjoyed his first Christmas in Dapitan. He was one of the guests of Captain Carnicero at a Christmas
Eve dinner in the comandancia (house of the commandant). The other guests were three Spaniards from the
neighboring town of Dipolog and a Frenchman named Jean Lardet. It was a merry feast. The guests enjoyed the
delicious dishes prepared by the commandants native cook. With the exception of Rizal, they drank beer, for he
disliked hard liquor. At midnight, Captain Carnicero, Rizal, and other guests went to church to hear the Mass of the
Noche Buena.

In a letter to his mother, dated January 5, 1893, Rizal described how he enjoyed his first Christmas in Dapitan. He
said:

"I spent a merry Christmas here. It could not have been merrier. I had a happy dinner on Christmas eve, together
with my host (the commandant), three Spaniards from a neighboring town, and a Frenchman. We heard Mass at
12:00 midnight, for you know I go to Mass here every Sunday."

Rizal as a Farmer in Dapitan

To prove to his people that farming is a good a profession as medicine, Rizal became a farmer in Dapitan. In a letter
to his sister, Lucia, on February 12, 1896, he said: "We cannot all be doctors; it is necessary that there would be
some to cultivate the soil."

During the first year of his exile (1893), Rizal bought an abandoned farm in Talisay, a barrio near Dapitan. This farm
had an area of sixteen hectares and was rather rocky. It lay beside a river that resembled the Calamba River-clear
fresh water, wide and swift current. In his letter to his sister Trinidad on January 15, 1896, Rizal said: "My land is half
an hours walk from the sea. The whole place is poetic and very picturesque, better than Ilaya River, without
comparison. At some points, it is wide like the Pasig River and clear like the Pansol, and has some crocodiles in some
parts. There are dalag (fish) and pako (edible fern). If you and our parents come, I am going to build a large house
where we can all live together."

On this land in Talisay, Rizal actually built a permanent home. With the help of his pupils and some laborers, he
cleared it and planted cacao, coffee, coconuts, and fruit trees. Later, he bought more lands in other barrios of
Dapitan. In due time, his total land holdings reached 70 hectares. They contained 6,000 abaca plants, 1,000 coconut
palms, many coffee and cacao plants and numerous kinds of fruit trees.

On his lands, Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed during his travels in Europe and
America. He encouraged the Dapitan farmers to replace their primitive system of cultivation with these modern
methods. These modern methods of farming consisted of the use of fertilizers, the rotation of crops, and the use of
farm machines. Rizal actually imported some farm machines from the United States.

Rizal dreamed of establishing an agricultural colony in the sitio of Ponot near Sindangan Bay. This region contained
plenty of water and good port facilities. He believed that it could accommodate about 5,000 heads of cattle and
40,000 coconut palms. It was also ideal for the cultivation of coffee, cacao, and sugar cane because of its fertile soil
and favorable climate.

He invited his relatives and friends in Luzon, especially those in Calamba, to colonize the Sindangan Bay area.
Unfortunately, his plan of founding an agricultural colony in Sindangan Bay did not materialize, like that of his former
project to colonize North Borneo. He did not get the support of the Spanish government.

Before Rizal was exiled in Dapitan, he already knew many languages. These languages were: Tagalog, Ilokano,
Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Catalan, Dutch, Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian-19 in all.

His knowledge of many languages was one aspect of Rizals amazing genius. Few men in history were gifted by God
with such ability to learn any language easily. And one of these rare men was Rizal.

To learn a new language, Rizal memorized five root words every night before going to bed. At the end of the year, he
learned 1,825 new words. He never forget these foreign words because of his retentive memory.

Rizal made a good use of his knowledge of many languages in his travels in Europe and America, in communicating
with foreign scholars and scientists, and in his writings. Many times during his travels abroad, he acted as interpreter
for his fellow travelers who belonged to various nationalities-Americans, British, French, German, Italians, Spaniards,
Japanese and others.

During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal increased his knowledge of languages. He studied three more languages- Malay,
Bisayan and Subanun. On April 5, 1896, he wrote to his Austrian friend, Professor Blumentritt: "I know Bisayan
already, and I speak it quite well. It is necessary, however, to know other dialects."

By the end of his exile in Dapitan on July 31, 1896, Rizal had become one of the worlds great linguists. He knew 22
languages, namely, Tagalog, Ilokano, Spanish, Portuguese, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, English, French, German, Arabic,
Hebrew, Catalan, Dutch, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Swedish, Russian, Malay, Bisayan, and Subanun.

Rizal as a Painter in Dapitan

In Dapitan, Rizal demonstrated his talent for painting. Before the Holy Week of 1894, Father Vicente Balaguer, a
young Jesuit parish priest, was worried. He needed a good backdrop (canvas oil painting behind the main altar) for
the annual Lenten celebration. In his native city of Barcelona, Spain, a church had one that showed a colonnaded
court, viewed from a wide open gate- a scene depicting the court of Pontius Pilate.

Upon hearing of Rizals painting ability, Father Balaguer went to Talisay to talk with the exiled doctor. He was
accompanied by a convent helper named Leoncio Sagario.

"Doctor," he told Rizal, "I need your help. I would like to have a beautiful backdrop behind the church altar that shows
the spirit of the Holy Week. Ive in mind something similar to one in a church in Barcelona."

Father Balaguer made some rough sketches as he described the backdrop in the Barcelona church. " Can you paint in
oil such a picture on a huge canvas, Doctor?" he asked.

"Ill try, Father. You see, I havent done any painting for many years, but Ill do my best."

The following day, Rizal went to the Jesuit priest, bringing his own sketch based on the latters ideas. Father Balaguer
was satisfied and urged Rizal to begin the painting job at once.

The actual painting of the backdrop was a difficult task. Rizal obtained the help of two assistants-Sister Agustina
Montoya, a Filipina nun from Cavite who could paint, and Francisco Almirol, a native painter of Dapitan.

The trio-Rizal, Sister Montoya, and Almirol- made the sacristy of the church as their workshop. Rizal sketched in soft
pencil the general outline of the picture, after which his two assistants applied the oil colors.

Daily, Rizal supervised the work of his assistants. He himself put the finishing touches. He was glad to note that he
still had the skill in painting.

Father Balaguer was very much satisfied with the finished oil painting of the backdrop. " Beautiful, very beautiful," he
said. He warmly thanked Rizal and his two assistants for the work well done.

The gorgeous backdrop became a precious possession of the Dapitan church- Santiago Church. It was truly a
masterpiece.

Senate President Manuel L. Quezon saw Rizals painting masterpiece during his visit to Dapitan. He was deeply
impressed by its majestic beauty. At one time General Leonard Wood, governor-general of the Philippines, saw it and
said that it was truly "a Rizalian legacy".

After the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the beautiful backdrop was sent to the Museum of
the Ateneo de Manila for safekeeping.

Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the Second World War when fires and bombs razed the city of Manila.

Rizal's Son Dies

By the beginning of 1896, Rizal was very happy. His beloved Josephine was heavy with child. Within a few months,
she would give birth to a child. As an expectant father, Rizal had every reason to be cheerful and gay.

"I wish it would be a boy," he told Josephine.

"I also have the same wish," she replied.

"Let us hope and pray," said Rizal, " that it will be a boy. I will name him after my father."

"Suppose," asked Josephine in joking manner, "that it will be a girl?"

"Then, I will name her after my mother."

Unfortunately, Rizal and Josephine were not destined to have a child. One day in early March 1896, Rizal played a
practical joke on Josephine, which frightened her terribly. As a result of her great fright, she gave birth prematurely to
an eight-month baby boy.

The baby was very weak and was gasping for breath. Seeing the babys condition, Rizal immediately baptized him
Francisco in honor of his father. He did everything he could to save the life of his infant son, but in vain. All his
knowledge and skill as a physician could not save little Francisco. Sorrowfully, Rizal saw his child die three hours after
birth.

With a heavy heart, he drew a sketch of his dead son. Then he buried him under a shady tree near his home. He
prayed": "Oh, God, I give you another tiny angel. Please bless his soul."

Rizal's Last Christmas in Dapitan

The Christmas of 1895 was one of the happiest events in Rizals life. It was because of the presence of Josephine, who
proved to be a loving wife and a good housekeeper.

She was now used to living a simple rural life in the Philippines. She was industrious and learned to cook all sorts of
native dishes.

In his letter to his sister, Trinidad, on September 25, 1895, Rizal praised Josephine, thus: "She cooks, washes, takes
care of the chickens and the house. In the absence of miki for making pancit, she made some long macaroni noodles
out of flour and eggs, which serves the purpose. If you could send me a little angkak, I should be grateful to you, for
she makes bagoong. She makes also chili miso, but it seems to me that what we have will last for 10 years."

On December 25, 1895, Rizal and Josephine gave a Christmas party at their home in Talisay. By a strange twist of
fate, it proved to be Rizals last Christmas in Dapitan.

Rizal roasted a small pig to golden brown over a slow fire. He also made chicken broth out of a fat hen. He invited all
his neighbors. They all danced and made merry until dawn.

Writing to his sister, Trinidad, on January 15, 1896, Rizal described his last Christmas party in Dapitan. "We
celebrated merrily, as almost always. We roasted a small pig and hen. We invited our neighbors. There was dancing,
and we laughed a great deal until dawn."

Adios Dapitan

On the morning of July 31, 1896, his last day in Dapitan, Rizal busily packed his things. He was scheduled to leave the
town on board the Espaa, which was sailing back to Manila. He had sold his lands and other things he owned to his
friend, mostly natives of Dapitan.

At 5:30 in the afternoon, he and eight other companions embarked on the steamer. His eight companions were
Josephine; Narcisa (his sister); Angelica (daughter of Narcisa); his three nephews, Mauricio (son of Maria Rizal ),
Estanislao (son of Lucia Rizal), and Teodosio (another son of Lucia Rizal); and Mr. And Mrs. Sunico.

Almost all Dapitan folks, young and old, were at the shore to see the departure of their beloved doctor. The pupils of
Rizal cried, for they could not accompany their dear teacher. Captain Carnicero, in full regalia of a commandants
uniform, was on hand to say goodbye to his prisoner, whom he had come to admire and respect. The town brass band
played the music of the farewell ceremony.

At midnight, Friday, July 31, 1896, the steamer departed for Manila. The Dapitan folks shouted "Adios, Dr. Rizal!" and
threw their hats and handkerchiefs in the air. Captain Carnicero saluted his departing friend. As the steamer left the
town, the brass band played the sad music of Chopins Farewell March.

Rizal was in the upper deck, with tears in his eyes. He raised his hand in farewell to the kind and hospitable people of
Dapitan, saying: " Adios, Dapitan!" He gazed at the crowded shore for the last time. His heart was filled with sorrow.

When he could no longer see the dim shoreline, he turned sadly into his cabin. He wrote in his diary: "I have been in
that district four years, thirteen days, and a few hours."

Rizal's Last Hours

Dec. 29, 1896. 6:00 7:00 a.m.
Sr. S. Mataix asks Rizals permission to interview him. Capt.

Dominguez reads death sentence to Rizal. Source of information: cablegram of Mataix to EL Heraldo

De Madrid, "Notes" of Capt. Dominguez and Testimony of Lt. Gallegos.

7:00 8:00 a.m.
Rizal is transferred to his death cell. Fr. Saderra talks briefly with Rizal. Fr. Viza

presents statue of the Sacred hearth of Jesus and medal of Mary. Rizal rejects the letter, saying , "Im little of a
Marian, Father." Source: Fr. Viza.

8:00 9:00 a.m.
Rizal is shares his milk and coffee with Fr. Rosell. Lt. Andrade and chief of Artillery come to visit Rizal who thanks each
of them. Rizal scribbles a note inviting his family it visit him. Sources: Fr. Rosell and letter of Invitation.

9:00 10:00 a.m.
Sr. Mataix, defying stringent regulation, enters death cell and interviews Rizal in the presence of Fr. Rosell. Later,
Gov. Luengo drops in to join the conversation. Sources: Letter of Mataix ti Retana Testimony of Fr. Rosell.

10:00 11:00 a.m.
Fr. Faura persuades Rizal to put down his rancours and order to marry josephine canonically. a heated discussion on
religion occurs between them ion the hearing of Fr. Rosell. Sources: El Imparcial and Fr. Rosell .

11:00 12:00 noon.
Rizal talks on "various topics" in a long conversation with Fr. Vilaclara who will later conclude (with Fr. Balaguer, who
is not allowed to enter the death cell) that Rizal is either to Prostestant or rationalist who speaks in "a very cold and
calculated manner" with a mixture of a "strange piety." No debate or discussion on religion is recorded to have taken
place between the Fathers mentioned and Rizal. Sources: El Imarcial and Rizal y su Obra.

12:00 1:00 p.m.
Rizal reads Bible and Imitation of Christ by Kempis, then meditates. Fr. Balaguer reports to the Archbishop that only a
little hope remains that Rizal is going to retract for Rizal was heard saying that he is going to appear tranquilly before
God. Sources: Rizals habits and Rizal y su Obra.

1:00 2:00 p.m.
Rizal denies (probably, he is allowed to attend to his personal necessities). Source: "Notes" of Capt. Dominguez.

2:00 3:00 p.m.
Rizal confers with Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara. Sources: "Notes" of Capt. Dominguez in conjunction with the
testimonies of Fr. Pi and Fr. Balaguer.

3:00 4:00 p.m.
Rizal reads verses which he had underlined in Eggers german Reader, a book which he is going to hand over to his
sisters to be sent to Dr. Blumentritt through F. Stahl. He "writes several letters . . . ,with his last dedications," then he
"rest for a short." Sources: F. Stahl and F. Blumentritt, Cavana (1956) Appendix 13, and the "Notes" of Capt.
Dominguez.

4:00 5:30 p.m.
Capt. Dominguez is moved with compassion at the sight of Rizals kneeling before his mother and asking pardon. Fr.
Rosell hears Rizals farewell to his sister and his address to those presents eulogizing the cleverness of his nephew.
The other sisters come in one by one after the other and to each Rizals gives promises to give a book, an alcohol
burner, his pair of shoes, an instruction, something to remember. Sources "notes" of Capt. Dominguez and Fr. Rosell,
Diaro de Manila.

5:30 6:00 p.m.
The Dean of the Cathedral, admitted on account of his dignity, comes to exchange views with Rizal. Fr. Rosell hears
an order given to certain "gentlemen" and "two friars" to leave the chapel at once. Fr. Balaguer leaves Fort Santiago.
Sources: Rev. Silvino Lopez-Tuon, Fr. Rosell, Fr. Serapio Tamayo, and Sworn Statement of Fr. Balaguer.

6:00 7:00 p.m.
Fr. Rosell leaves Fort Santiago and sees Josephine Bracken. Rizal calls for Josephine and then they speak to each for
the last time. Sources: Fr. Rosell, El Imparcial, and Testimony of Josephine to R. Wildman in 1899.

7:00 8:00 p.m.
Fr. Faura returns to console Rizal and persuades him once more to trust him and the other professors at the Ateneo.
Rizal is emotion-filled and, after remaining some moments in silence, confesses to Fr. Faura. Sources: El Imparcial.

8:00 9:00 p.m.
Rizal rakes supper (and, most probably, attends to his personal needs). Then, he receives Bro. Titllot with whom he
had a very "tender" (Fr. Balaguer) or "useful" (Fr. Pi) interview. Sources: Separate testimonies of Fr. Balaguer and Fr.
Pi on the report of Bro. Titllot; Fisal Castao.

9:00 10:00 p.m.
Fiscal Castao exchanges views with Rizal regarding their respective professors. Sources: Fiscal Castao.

10:00 11:00 p.m.
Rizal manifests strange reaction, asks guards for paper and pen. From rough drafts and copies of his poem recovered
in his shoes, the Spaniards come to know that Rizal is writing a poem. Sources: El Imparcial and Ultimo Adios;
probably, Fiscal Castao.

11:00 12:00 midnight
Rizal takes time to his hide his poem inside the alcohol burner. It has to be done during night rather than during
daytime because he is watched very carefully. He then writes his last letter to brother Paciano. Sources: Testimonies
and circumstantial evidence.

12:00 4:00 a.m.
Rizal sleeps restfully because his confidence in the goodness of God and the justness of his cause gives him
astounding serenity and unusual calmness.

Dec. 30, 1986. 4:00 5:00 a.m.
Rizal picks up Imitation of Christ, reads, meditates and then writes in Kempis book a dectation to his wife Josephine
and by this very act in itself he gives to her their only certificate of marriage.

5:00 6:15
Rizal washes up, takes breakfast, attends to his personal needs. Writes a letter to his parents. Reads Bible and
meditates. Josephine is prohibited by the Spanish officers from seeing Rizal, according to Josephines testimony to R.
Wildman in 1899.

6:15 7:00
Rizal walks to the place of execution between Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara with whom he converses. Keeps looking
around as if seeking or expecting to see someone. His last word, said in a loud voice: "It is finished"

7:00 7:03
Sounds of guns. Rizal vacillates, turns halfway around, falls down backwards and lies on the ground facing the sun.
Silence. Shouts of vivas for Spain.

RIZAL, THE ROMANTIC

There were at least nine women linked with Rizal; namely Segunda Katigbak, Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera,
Consuelo Ortiga, O-Sei San, Gertrude Beckette, Nelly Boustead, Suzanne Jacoby and Josephine Bracken. These
women might have been beguiled by his intelligence, charm and wit.

Segunda Katigbak and Leonor Valenzuela
Segunda Katigbak was her puppy love. Unfortunately, his first love was engaged to be married to a town mate-
Manuel Luz. After his admiration for a short girl in the person of Segunda, then came Leonor Valenzuela, a tall girl
from Pagsanjan. Rizal send her love notes written in invisible ink, that could only be deciphered over the warmth of
the lamp or candle. He visited her on the eve of his departure to Spain and bade her a last goodbye.

Leonor Rivera
Leonor Rivera, his sweetheart for 11 years played the greatest influence in keeping him from falling in love with other
women during his travel. Unfortunately, Leonors mother disapproved of her daughters relationship with Rizal, who
was then a known filibustero. She hid from Leonor all letters sent to her sweetheart. Leonor believing that Rizal had
already forgotten her, sadly consented her to marry the Englishman Henry Kipping, her mothers choice.

Consuelo Ortiga
Consuelo Ortiga y Rey, the prettier of Don Pablo Ortigas daughters, fell in love with him. He dedicated to her A la
Senorita C.O. y R., which became one of his best poems. The Ortiga's residence in Madrid was frequented by Rizal and
his compatriots. He probably fell in love with her and Consuelo apparently asked him for romantic verses. He suddenly
backed out before the relationship turned into a serious romance, because he wanted to remain loyal to Leonor Rivera
and he did not want to destroy hid friendship with Eduardo de Lete who was madly in love with Consuelo.

O Sei San
O Sei San, a Japanese samurais daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting known as su-mie. She also helped
Rizal improve his knowledge of Japanese language. If Rizal was a man without a patriotic mission, he would have
married this lovely and intelligent woman and lived a stable and happy life with her in Japan because Spanish legation
there offered him a lucrative job.

Gertrude Beckett
While Rizal was in London annotating the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, he boarded in the house of the Beckett family,
within walking distance of the British Museum. Gertrude, a blue-eyed and buxom girl was the oldest of the three
Beckett daughters. She fell in love with Rizal. Tottie helped him in his painting and sculpture. But Rizal suddenly left
London for Paris to avoid Gertrude, who was seriously in love with him. Before leaving London, he was able to finish
the group carving of the Beckett sisters. He gave the group carving to Gertrude as a sign of their brief relationship.

Nellie Boustead
Rizal having lost Leonor Rivera, entertained the thought of courting other ladies. While a guest of the Boustead family
at their residence in the resort city of Biarritz, he had befriended the two pretty daughters of his host, Eduardo
Boustead. Rizal used to fence with the sisters at the studio of Juan Luna. Antonio Luna, Juans brother and also a
frequent visitor of the Bousteads, courted Nellie but she was deeply infatuated with Rizal. In a party held by Filipinos
in Madrid, a drunken Antonio Luna uttered unsavory remarks against Nellie Boustead. This prompted Rizal to
challenge Luna into a duel. Fortunately, Luna apologized to Rizal, thus averting tragedy for the compatriots.
Their love affair unfortunately did not end in marriage. It failed because Rizal refused to be converted to the
Protestant faith, as Nellie demanded and Nellies mother did not like a physician without enough paying clientele to be
a son-in-law. The lovers, however, parted as good friends when Rizal left Europe.

Suzanne Jacoby
In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because of the high cost of living in Paris. In Brussels, he lived in the boarding house
of the two Jacoby sisters. In time, they fell deeply in love with each other. Suzanne cried when Rizal left Brussels and
wrote him when he was in Madrid.

Josephine Bracken
In the last days of February 1895, while still in Dapitan, Rizal met an 18-year old petite Irish girl, with bold blue eyes,
brown hair and a happy disposition. She was Josephine Bracken, the adopted daughter of George Taufer from Hong
Kong, who came to Dapitan to seek Rizal for eye treatment. Rizal was physically attracted to her. His loneliness and
boredom must have taken the measure of him and what could be a better diversion that to fall in love again. But the
Rizal sisters suspected Josephine as an agent of the friars and they considered her as a threat to Rizals security.
Rizal asked Josephine to marry him, but she was not yet ready to make a decision due to her responsibility to the
blind Taufer. Since Taufers blindness was untreatable, he left for Hon Kong on March 1895. Josephine stayed with
Rizals family in Manila. Upon her return to Dapitan, Rizal tried to arrange with Father Antonio Obach for their
marriage. However, the priest wanted a retraction as a precondition before marrying them. Rizal upon the advice of
his family and friends and with Josephines consent took her as his wife even without the Church blessings. Josephine
later give birth prematurely to a stillborn baby, a result of some incidence, which might have shocked or frightened
her.