Lect 1

Dr.
Khaldoon Bani-Hani 2/24/2014

CE 432 1
CE432 Structural Concrete
Design
Structural System Overview
Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani, Spring 2014
2/24/2014 Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 2
Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 2/24/2014
CE 432 2
CE 432 3
2/24/2014
Concrete: mixture of sand, gravel, aggregate, water,
and cement
Admixtures are added to change certain
characteristics of concrete such as workability,
durability, and hardening time
Concrete has a high compressive strength and a very
low tensile strength
Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and
steel.
Steel reinforcement provides the tensile strength
lacking in concrete.
6 Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani
CE 432 4
CE 432 5
Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 9
Presentation Overview
1. Building system primary functions
2. Types of load
3. RC structural systems
4. RC structural members
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1. Basic Building System
Functions
Support gravity loads for strength and
serviceability during:
1. Normal use (service) conditions
2. Maximum considered use conditions
3. Environmental loading of varying
intensities
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CE 432 6
Lateral deflection (sway)
Wind or
earthquakes
Vertical deflection (sag)
Dead, Live, etc.
Performance-Based Design: Control displacements
within acceptable limits during service loading, factored
loaded, and varying intensities of environmental loading
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2. Types of Load
Gravity:
Dead
Live
Impact
Snow
Rain/floods
Lateral
Wind
Earthquake
Soil lateral pressure
Thermal
Centrifugal
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CE 432 7
Example of vertical loads Example of vertical loads
Example of Lateral Loads Example of Lateral Loads
CE 432 8
3. RC Structural Systems
A. Floor Systems
B. Lateral Load Systems
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Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 16 2/24/2014
CE 432 9
CE 432 10
CE 432 11
CE 432 12
A. Floor Systems
Flat plate
Flat slab (w/ drop panels and/or
capitals)
One-way joist system
Two-way waffle system
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CE 432 13
Flat Plate Floor System
Slab-column frame system in two-way bending
Plan
Elevation
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Flat Plate w/Spandrel Beam
System
Plan
Elevation
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CE 432 14
Flat Plate w/Beams Floor
System (Solid Slab)
Gravity and lateral
load frames
Two-way bending
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Flat Slab Floor System
Flat plate with drop panels,shear capitals, and/or column capitals
Plan
Elevation
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CE 432 15
One-Way J oist Floor System
2D lateral frames
Floor joists, type
Rib (joist) slab : (One-way bending)
2D gravity or
lateral frames
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Lateral space frame
Floor joists, type
Rib (joist) slab with beams: (One-way bending)
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CE 432 16
50 cm or 90 cm cc. J oists
120 cm or 160 cm cc. Skip joists
140 cm or 170 cm cc Wide-module
joists
Top of Slab
1:12 Slope, type
8-24 for 30 Modules
16-24 for 53 Modules
14-24 for 66 Modules .
Width varies
4, 6 or larger
Typical J oist
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Two-Way J oist Floor System
2D lateral frames
Waffle pans, type
Waffle slab : (Two-way bending)
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CE 432 17
B. Lateral Load Systems
Frame Overview
Flat plate (& slab)-column (w/ and w/o
drop panels and/or capitals) frame
systems
Beam-column frame systems
Shear wall systems (building frame and
bearing wall)
Dual systems (frames and shear walls)
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Frame: Coplanar system of beam (or slab)
and column elements dominated by flexural
deformation
Planar (2D) Space (3D)
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CE 432 18
Basic Behavior
Gravity Load Lateral Loading
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Frame Lateral Load Systems
Flat plate-column frame:
Plan
Elevation
Effective
slab width
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CE 432 19
Beam-column frame:
Elevation
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Diaphragm (shear) element: Carries lateral loading to the
lateral load resisting system
Lateral load
frame, type.
Plate element
Deformed shape -
Lateral load distributes
to frames proportional
to tributary area
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CE 432 20
For relatively square plans, diaphragms are generally
considered rigid
Space frame with
square plan
Deformed shape has constant
lateral displacement - No
diaphragm flexibility, ie. lateral
load distributes to frame
proportional to frame stiffness
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Shear Wall Lateral Load
Systems
Shear wall
Elevation
Edge column
Interior gravity
frames
Shear deformations
generally govern
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CE 432 21
Shear Wall Lateral Load
Systems
Gravity frames
Shear walls
Coupling beams
Elevator shaft configuration
Hole
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Dual Lateral Load Systems
Lateral frames
25% of lateral
load, minimum
Shear walls
Wall-Frame Dual System:
Hole
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CE 432 22
4. Structural Members
Beams
Columns
Slabs/plates/shells/folded plates
Walls/diaphragms
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CE 432 23
Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani 45 2/24/2014
Building codes
The design and construction of buildings are
regulated by municipal bylaws called building codes
to protect the publics health and safety
Prior to the year 2000, three building codes were
commonly used: Uniform Building Code, Standard
Building Code , Basic Building Code
They cover requirements for use and occupancy, fire
, heating and ventilation, and structural design
In year 2000, these three codes were replaced by the
International Building Code (IBC)
J ordan Building Code and the ACI Code are
commonly used in J ordan.
2/24/2014 46 Dr. Khaldoon Bani-Hani
CE 432 24
Design Specifications
ACI Code American Concrete
Institute
Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete and commentary (ACI-318-05)
BS Code British Code
2/24/2014
Slab thickness = 200 mm
Beam width = 250 mm; beam height = 500 mm
Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m
3
Flooring = 1.5 kN/m
2
Residential building, Live load = 2 kN/m
2
Question: Determine the total load on beams B1, B2, B3,
and B4
CE 432 25
Load Distribution in One-Way Slabs
Slab S
1
is a one-way slab because
The slab S
1
is supported by Beams 1 and 3
only.
All the loads on slab S1 will be transferred to
Beams 1 and 3.
No loads are transferred to Beams 2 and 4
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2 .
.
.
Width
Length
= = 2 2
0 3
6 6
Dead Loads on Beams 1 and 3
Dead loads:
Concrete slab own weight (24 kN/m
3
)
Slab weight = 6.6*1.50*0.200 *24= 47.5 kN
Slab weight/unit length of beam = 47.5/6.6=7.2 kN/m
Concrete flooring (1.5 kN/m
2
)
Total flooring = 1.5 * 6.6 * 1.50 = 14.9 kN
Total flooring /unit length of beam = 14.9/6.6 =2.3
kN/m
Beam own weight (24 kN/m
3
)
Total beam weight = 6.6*0.25*0.5*24=19.8 kN
Total beam weight/unit length of beam = 19.8/6.6 =
3.0 kN/m
Total Dead Load= 7.2 + 2.3 + 3.0 = 12.5 kN/m
CE 432 26
Live and Total Loads on Beams 1 and 3
Live Loads
Total live load = 6.6*1.5*2 = 19.8 kN/m
Total live load/beam unit length =19.8/6.6 = 3.0
kN/m
Total Loads:
U
1
= 1.4 * 12.5 = 17.5 kN/m
U
2
= 1.2 * 12.5 + 1.6*3.0 = 19.8 kN/m
U
2
>U
1
, therefore select U = U
2
= 19.8 kN/m
Loads on Beams B2 and B4
Dead Load:
Beam own weight = 24*0.25*0.5= 3.0 kN/m
Live Load:
No live load
Total Load:
U
1
= 1.4 * 3.0 = 4.2 kN/m
U
2
= 1.2 * 3.0 + 1.6 * 0 = 3.6 kN/m
Therefore, U = U
1
= 4.2 kN/m
CE 432 27
Load Distribution in Two-Way Slabs
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3
Flooring = 1.5 kN/m
2
2
Question: Determine the total load on beams B1, B2, B3,
and B4
Slab S
2
is a two-way slab because
The slab S
2
is supported by all beams.
The loads on slab S2 will be transferred to
Beams 1, 2, 3 and 4.
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2 .
.
.
Width
Length
p 67 1
0 3
0 5
= =
CE 432 28
CE 432 29
Dead Loads on Beams 1 and 3
Dead loads:
Concrete slab own weight (24 kN/m
3
)
Slab weight = 24*1.50*0.200 = 7.2 kN/m (Trapezoidal
Load)
Concrete flooring (1.5 kN/m
2
)
Total flooring = 1.50 * 1.50 = 2.3 kN/m (Trapezoidal
Load)
Beam own weight (24 kN/m
3
)
Total beam weight = 24*0.25*0.5=3.0 kN/m (Uniform
load)
Live loads:
Total live load = 1.5*2 = 3.0 kN/m (Trapezoidal
load)
Equivalent Uniformly-distributed Loads
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Computation L/2x 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
Moment 0.667 0.725 0.769 0.803 0.829 0.852 0.870 0.885 0.895 0.908 0.917
Shear 0.500 0.545 0.583 0.615 0.643 0.667 0.688 0.706 0.722 0.737 0.750
CE 432 30
Total Loads on Beams 1 and 3
For moment computation, use as follows:
Slab own weight + flooring = (7.2 + 2.3) * 0.880 =8.4
kN/m
Beam own weight = 3.0 kN/m
Dead Load = 8.4 + 3.0 = 11.4 kN/m
Live loads: = 3.0 * 0.880 = 2.6 kN/m
Total Load:
U
1
= 1.4 * 11.4 =16.0 kN/m
U
2
= 1.2 * 11.4 + 1.6 * 2.6 = 17.8 kN/m
U = 17.8 kN/m
L/2x = 5.0/3.0 = 1.667 =0.880 and =0.700
For computation of shear, use as follows:
kN/m
Dead Load = 8.4 + 3.0 = 9.7 kN/m
Live loads: = 3.0 * 0.700 = 2.1 kN/m
Total Load:
U
1
= 1.4 * 9.7 =13.6 kN/m
U
2
= 1.2 * 9.7 + 1.6 * 2.1 = 15.0 kN/m
U = 15.0 kN/m
CE 432 31
L/2x = 3.0/3.0 = 1.0 =0.667 and =0.500
For computation of Moment, use as follows:
kN/m
Dead Load = 6.3 + 3.0 = 9.3 kN/m
Live loads: = 3.0 * 0.667 = 2.0 kN/m
Total Load:
U
1
= 1.4 * 9.3 =13.0 kN/m
U
2
= 1.2 * 9.3 + 1.6 * 2.0 = 14.4 kN/m
U = 14.4 kN/m
L/2x = 3.0/3.0 = 1.0 =0.667 and =0.500
For computation of shear, use as follows:
kN/m
Dead Load = 4.8 + 3.0 = 7.8 kN/m
Live loads: = 3.0 * 0.5 = 1.5 kN/m
Total Load:
U
1
= 1.4 * 7.8 =10.9 kN/m
U
2
= 1.2 * 7.8 + 1.6 * 1.5 = 11.8 kN/m
U = 11.8 kN/m
CE 432 32
Example
Example
3
Flooring = 1.5 kN/m
2
2
Wall Load = 1.7 kN/m
2
Question: Determine the total load on all the
beams
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Lect 1

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Dr.

Khaldoon Bani-Hani 2/24/2014

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