ABB

Technology and Solutions

Protection and Substation Automation

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Topic:
Busbar
Protection
Coupler &
Logics
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Topic Objectives
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
r Coupler Functions
r Circuit Breaker Reclaim Time
r Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
r Isolator alarm & Switching prohibited
r Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
r CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
r CB close command
Objectives
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Topic Objectives
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones in a double busbar
system
r Current assignment
r Intertripping
r In- and Outputs in a double busbar system
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones during Load
Transfer
r Load Transfer / Coupler Bypass Functions
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones in a double busbar
system with section isolators
Objectives
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Single Busbar without coupler
= 1 protection zone
= 1 measurement system
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
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BB1 BB2
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
Single Busbar with coupler (2 CTs)
= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
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BB1 BB2
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
Single Busbar with coupler (1 CT)
= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
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100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A
I Zone 1 = 100-500+200+200 = 0 A
BB1 BB2
200A 200A
I Zone 2 = 400+300-500-200 = 0 A
NO TRIP !
Load condition
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
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BB1
BB2
TRIP
BB 2
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A
5000A 5000A
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500-5000 = 0 A
I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
Fault condition
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
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BB1
BB2
150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A
Fault switched off
still load on BB1 !
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
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BB1
BB2
TRIP
BB 1
&
BB 2
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500+4400 = 9400 A
I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
Fault condition
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A
5000A 4400A
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
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Fault switched off
0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A
0A 0A
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
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BB1 BB2
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
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I Zone 1 = 100-500+200+
BB1 BB2
100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A
200A
I Zone 2 = 400+300-500+
NO TRIP !
Load conditions
the coupler current is
added to both systems,
200A
(+200) = 0 A
(-200) = 0 A
to Zone 1 positive +
to Zone 2 negative -
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
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BB1
BB2
TRIP
BB 2
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
Fault condition
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A
5000A
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
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BB1
BB2
150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A
Fault switched off
still load on BB1 !
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
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BB1
BB2
TRIP
BB 2
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
Fault condition
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A
5000A
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
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BB1
BB2
CBs on BB2 switched off
still fault current on BB1 !
1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
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Coupler functions
How can a busbar
protection system detect a
fault between the Coupler
Circuit Breaker and
Current Transformer
???
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by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of internal
BBP tripping signal
(= coupler blocking)
Coupler functions
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Coupler functions
Input
Current
signal
Current signal to
measurement
system
&
1
t
trip from
BBP
1
~120 ms
t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest
possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
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BB1
BB2
TRIP
BB 2
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
Fault condition
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A
5000A
Coupler functions
start CB
reclaim time
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BB1
BB2
CBs on BB2 switched off
still fault current
on BB1 !
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
TRIP
BB 1
I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 5000 A
the coupler current is switched off
after the CB reclaim time
Fault condition
1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A
5000A
Coupler functions
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Fault switched off
0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A
0A
with a time delay (~120ms)
Coupler functions
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BB1
BB2
Fault condition
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
!!! coupler CB already open !!!
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Coupler functions
What problem can occur
during that fault condition
(without any additional
logic) ???
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BB1
BB2
Fault condition
Coupler functions
~ ~
5000A
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2
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Zone 1:
I = + 1 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA - 5 kA = 0 kA
l = + 1 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA + 5 kA = 10 kA
Stabilised differential current measurement
Coupler functions
Zone 2:
I = + 1.3 kA - 2.5 kA + 1.2 kA + 5 kA = 5 kA
l = + 1.3 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.2 kA + 5 kA
= 10 kA
ABB

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D
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I
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=

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I

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Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
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no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Coupler functions
Zone 1:
no trip
reclaim time not started
measurement system stable !!!
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=

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Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
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f
a
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t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Coupler functions
Zone 2:
no trip
reclaim time not started
measurement system stable !!!
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Coupler functions
How can a busbar
protection system detect a
fault between the OPEN
CB and CT in a coupler
configuration with only
ONE CT
???
ABB

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by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of an open
CB
(= coupler blocking)
Coupler functions
ABB

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Coupler functions
Input
Current
signal
CB open
Current signal to
measurement
system
&
1
t
trip from
BBP
1
~120 ms
t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest
possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
ABB

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BB1
BB2
Fault condition
Coupler functions
~ ~
5000A
2
5
0
0
A
2
5
0
0
A
1
3
0
0
A
1
2
0
0
A
1
5
0
0
A
1
0
0
0
A
the coupler current
is switched off since
the coupler CB was
opened !
ABB

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What would be the
differential and
restrained currents in
that situation
???
Coupler functions
ABB

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B

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Zone 1:
I = + 1 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA - 5 kA = 5 kA
l = + 1 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.5 kA + 5 kA = 5 kA
Stabilised differential current measurement
Coupler functions
Zone 2:
I = + 1.3 kA - 2.5 kA + 1.2 kA + 5 kA = 0 kA
l = + 1.3 kA + 2.5 kA + 1.2 kA + 5 kA
= 5 kA
ABB

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B
B

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D
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c
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t

I
d
i
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f
=

|

I

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Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Coupler functions
Zone 1: measurement system trip !!!
ABB

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B
B

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D
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a
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c
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r
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n
t

I
d
i
f
f
=

|

I

|
Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Coupler functions
Zone 2:
no trip
measurement system stable !!!
ABB

A
B
B

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C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
A) a coupler configuration with only 1 CT:
it is essential to connect the aux. contacts
of the coupler CB to the protection system to
detect a fault between the open CB and CT
B) a coupler configuration with 2 CTs:
it is not strictly required to connect the aux.
contacts of the coupler CB
Coupler functions
Conclusion
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
3
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
What is essential for
the coupler blocking logic
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
it must be guaranteed that the position of
the CB is correct
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
therefore a supervision must be integrated
to detect a undefined Circuit Breaker /
Isolator) Position
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB open
= 1
t
CB closed
1
t > circuit breaker running (from the open into the
closed position / from the closed into the open
position)
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
= 1
switching
prohibited
isolator alarm
Supervision
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
How is it possible to get
a defined CB / isolator
position even in case of a
interrupted auxiliary DC
supply of the CB / isolator
circuit ???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the latest position of the CB / isolator
must be stored
for security, if both (open and closed)
signals are active, the position must be
forced into the closed position
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB open
&
CB closed
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
internal:
CB closed
Memory of the position in case of missing aux. supply
R
S
S
R
internal:
CB open
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
A undefined CB / isolator
position will generate 2
alarms: isolator alarm &
switching prohibited! Why
switching prohibited
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the latest CB / isolator position is stored!
As long as the CB is not being switched the
protection system sees the correct position!
therefore the switching prohibited signal is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
There is an option to block
the system in case of
an isolator alarm.
How is it possible to
de- block the system
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
by the external input
accept isolator alarm
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
4
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB open
= 1
t
CB closed
1
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
= 1
switching
prohibited
isolator alarm
Accept isolator alarm
R
S
&
isolator alarm
accept
isolator alarm
blocking
(optional)
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
In which situation is it allowed /
acceptable to de- block
the system
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
only in case of a lost DC auxiliary
supply!
Not in case of a real undefined
position!!!
There is a risk of maloperation !!!
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
What additional supervision
offers a busbar protection
system to detect a WRONG
CB position??
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the differential
current supervision
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
BB1 BB2
wrong CB position during Load !!!
CB main
contacts are
closed
but
auxiliary
contacts show
open
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A
200A
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
What would be the
differential and
restrained currents in
that situation
???
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Zone 1:
I = + 100A - 500A + 200A + 200A = 200A
l = + 100A + 500A + 200A + 200A = 1kA
Stabilised differential current measurement
Zone 2:
I = + 400A + 300A - 500A - 200A = 200A
l = + 400A + 300A + 500A - 200A = 1200A
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

I
d
i
f
f
=

|

I

|
Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Zone 1: differential current
alarm
option to block the system
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

I
d
i
f
f
=

|

I

|
Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
Zone 2: differential current
alarm
option to block the system
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
5
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the differential current supervision is able
to detect a wrong CB / isolator position
therefore the differential current alarm is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
How must the external auxiliary
contacts be connected correctly
(concerning phase wise aux.
contacts)
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
if one phase is closed, the
system must get the closed
indication
if one phase is not opened, the
open indication must disappear
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
CB open
CB closed
+
+
protection
system
NC aux.
contacts
Phase
R
S
T
Phase
R S T
NO aux.
contacts
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB auxiliary circuits
What additional problem can
occur on a circuit breaker
???
(not on an isolator)
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB auxiliary circuits
CB open !!!
current not
measured !!!
CB closing
command
flash over before CB
indicates closed
BBP sees an internal fault because
one current is not yet measured
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
in case on a switch onto fault
situation the protection will
generate a tripping signal before the
closed indication appears
(flash- over in the circuit breaker)
CB auxiliary circuits
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB auxiliary circuits
How can this be avoided
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the protection system must be
informed in advance that the CB is
going to be closed
by the (manual) close command
of the CB
CB auxiliary circuits
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Phase
R S T
CB auxiliary circuits
CB open
CB closed
+
+
protection
system
NC aux.
contacts
Phase
R
S
T
NC aux.
contacts
+
CB closing
coil
CB (manual)
close command
CB close
order
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
6
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
CB open
&
CB closed
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
internal:
CB closed
Memory of the position in case of missing aux. supply
R
S
S
R
internal:
CB open
1
CB closing
command
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
in a double busbar system
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
How many protection zones
are included in the system
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
Coupler
current
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
To which zone will the
coupler current be assigned
???
In which conditions will the
coupler current be assigned
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
Repetition:
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the coupler current will
be assigned to zone 1 and
zone 2, if
- the CB is closed
- the CB close command is active
- there is no active tripping signal
from the intertripping system
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
feeder
current
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
To which Zone will the
feeder current be assigned
???
In which conditions will the
feeder current be assigned
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
the feeder current will be
assigned to the zones
depending on the isolator
positions. If
- isolator BB1 is closed to Zone 1
- isolator BB2 is closed to Zone 2
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
7
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
2 protection zones: Zone 1 & Zone 2
feeder
current
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Measurement systems
Fault condition /
Tripping
Zone 1
Zone 2

Trip measurement
system 2 1 2 4 5
3
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Intertripping
Tripping flow chart
TRIP BBP
zone 1
TRIP CB 1
TRIP CB 2
TRIP CB 3
Measurement
systems
Intertripping
system
TRIP BBP
zone 2
TRIP CB 4
TRIP CB 5
CB and
isolator
positions
Only the Intertripping
System knows the
position of the
isolators / CBs !!!
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Intertripping
Tripping flow chart
trip all CBs
connected
to zone 2
TRIP BBP
zone 1
TRIP CB 2
Measurement
systems
Intertripping
system
TRIP BBP
zone 2
TRIP CB 1
TRIP CB 3
TRIP CB 4
TRIP CB 5
CB and
isolator
positions
The Intertripping
System will send the
tripping commands
to the CBs depending
on the position of the
isolators !!!
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Supervision of Isolator Position
What is essential for
the current assignment
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
it must be guaranteed that the position of
the isolators is correct
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
therefore a supervision must be integrated
to detect a undefined Isolator Position
This is realized in the same way as the
supervision of the coupler CB
Supervision of Isolator Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
isolator
open
= 1
t
isolator
closed
1
t > isolator running (from the open into the closed
position / from the closed into the open position)
Supervision of Isolator Position
= 1
switching
prohibited
isolator alarm
Supervision
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
isolator
open
&
isolator
closed
internal:
isolator closed
Also the memory of the position in case of missing aux.
supply is realised in the same way as in the coupler CB
R
S
S
R
internal:
isolator open
Supervision of Isolator Position
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
isolator
open
= 1
t
isolator
closed
1
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
= 1
switching
prohibited
isolator alarm
as well as the accept isolator alarm
R
S
&
isolator alarm
accept
isolator alarm
blocking
(optional)
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Isolator auxiliary circuits
Isolator
open
Isolator
closed
+
+
protection
system
NC aux.
contacts
Phase
R
S
T
Phase
R S T
early make
NO aux.
contacts
The closing command (compared to coupler CB) is
not required. Early make NO contacts are required
instead
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
8
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
Load transfer
(or coupler CB bypass)
Load transfer from e.g. busbar 1 to busbar 2
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
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Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
How has the situation
changed in case of a load
transfer
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
zone 1 and zone 2 are
connected
there is only one
protection zone active
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
only 1 protection zone is active
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
e.g.: I1 = 2000 A I2 = 3000 A I3 = 1000 A
Fault condition
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
I = + I1 - I1 + I2 + I3
= + 2000 A - 2000 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 4000 A
l = + I1+ - I1 + + I2 + +I3
= + 2000 A + 2000 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 8000 A
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

I
d
i
f
f
=

|

I

|
Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
no trip will occur !!!
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Coupler functions
How can this
situations be avoided
???
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of Coupler
Bypass
Coupler functions
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Coupler functions
Input
Current
signal
CB open
Current signal to
measurement
system
&
1
t
trip from
BBP
1
CT bypass
~120 ms
t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest
possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
9
9
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
e.g.: I1 = 2000 A I2 = 3000 A I3 = 1000 A
measurement
deactivated
I1 = 0 A
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
0
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
I = + I1 - I1 + I2 + I3
= + 0 A - 0 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 4000 A
l = + I1+ - I1 + + I2 + +I3
= + 0 A + 0 A + 3000 A + 1000 A
= 4000 A
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
1
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l

c
u
r
r
e
n
t

I
d
i
f
f
=

|

I

|
Restraint current I
Rest
= | I |
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l

f
a
u
l
t
no fault
I
kmin
k= 0,85
k= 1
0
trip will occur !!!
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones - Load Transfer
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
2
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
in a double busbar system with section isolators
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
3
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
How many protection zones
are included in the system
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
4
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
4 protection zones: Zone 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
5
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
in a double busbar system with section isolators (closed)
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
6
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
How many protection zones
are active in the system
???
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
7
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
3 active protection zones: Zone 1, 2A, 2B
ABB

A
B
B

S
w
i
t
z
e
r
l
a
n
d

L
t
d
.
-
1
0
8
C
H
P
1
3
3
_
L
o
g
i
c
s

/

2
0
0
7
0
9

/

R
W