PAPER PRESENTATION

ON
BRAIN CONTROLLED CAR FOR DISABLED
USING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

PAPER SUBMITTED BY:
D.SHIREESHA
IIIrd ECE
SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
Shireesha.vadde@gmail.com
PH NO :9533526530
M.NAGASUMANJALI
IIIrd ECE
SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
sumaanjali3@gmail.com
PHNO :99!!5622!
1. ABSTRACT
"his #a#er considers $he
develo#men$ o% a &rain driven car' (hich (ould &e
o% grea$ hel# $o $he #h)sicall) disa&led #eo#le.
Since $hese cars (ill rel) onl) on (ha$ $he
individual is $hin*ing $he) (ill hence no$ re+uire
an) #h)sical movemen$ on $he #ar$ o% $he
individual. "he car in$egra$es signals %rom a
varie$) o% sensors li*e video' (ea$her moni$or'
an$i,collision e$c. i$ also has an au$oma$ic
naviga$ion s)s$em in case o% emergenc). "he car
(or*s on $he as)nchronous mechanism o% ar$i%icial
in$elligence. -$.s a grea$ advance o% $echnolog)
(hich (ill ma*e $he disa&led' a&led. -n $he 0s
and 50s' a num&er o% researchers e/#lored $he
connec$ion &e$(een neurolog)' in%orma$ion $heor)'
and c)&erne$ics. Some o% $hem &uil$ machines $ha$
used elec$ronic ne$(or*s $o e/hi&i$ rudimen$ar)
in$elligence' such as 0. 1re) 0al$er2s $ur$les and
$he 3ohns Ho#*ins 4eas$. 5an) o% $hese
researchers ga$hered %or mee$ings o% $he
"eleological Socie$) a$ Prince$on and $he 6a$io
7lu& in 8ngland.
5os$ researchers ho#e $ha$ $heir (or* (ill
even$uall) &e incor#ora$ed in$o a machine (i$h
general in$elligence 9*no(n as s$rong :-;'
com&ining
all $he s*ills a&ove and e/ceeding human a&ili$ies
a$ mos$ or all o% $hem. : %e( &elieve $ha$
an$hro#omor#hic %ea$ures li*e ar$i%icial
consciousness or an ar$i%icial &rain ma) &e re+uired
%or such a #rojec$
2.INTRODUCTION
"he video and $hermogram anal)<er
con$inuousl) moni$or ac$ivi$ies ou$side $he car.
: &rain,com#u$er in$er%ace 947-;' some$imes
called a direc$ neural in$er%ace or a &rain,machine
in$er%ace' is a direc$ communica$ion #a$h(a)
&e$(een a human or animal &rain 9or &rain cell
cul$ure; and an e/$ernal device. -n one,(a) 47-s'
com#u$ers ei$her acce#$ commands %rom $he &rain
or
send signals $o i$ 9%or e/am#le' $o res$ore vision;
&u$
no$ &o$h. "(o,(a) 47-s (ould allo( &rains and
e/$ernal devices $o e/change in%orma$ion in &o$h
direc$ions &u$ have )e$ $o &e success%ull) im#lan$ed
in animals or humans.
-n $his de%ini$ion' $he (ord brain means $he
&rain or nervous s)s$em o% an organic li%e
%orm ra$her $han $he mind. Computer means an)
#rocessing or com#u$a$ional device' %rom sim#le
circui$s $o silicon
chi#s 9including h)#o$he$ical %u$ure $echnologies
such as +uan$um com#u$ing;
Once $he driver 9disa&led; nears $he car.
"he securi$) s)s$em o% $he car is ac$iva$ed. -mages
as (ell as $hermo gra#hic resul$s o% $he driver are
#reviousl) %ed in$o $he da$a&ase o% $he com#u$er.
-% $he video images ma$ch (i$h $he da$a&ase
en$ries $hen $he securi$) s)s$em advances $o $he
ne/$ s$age. Here $he $hermo gra#hic image
veri%ica$ion is done (i$h $he da$a&ase. Once $he
driver #asses $his s$age $he door slides $o $he sides
and a ram# is lo(ered %rom i$s %loor. "he ram#
has %li# ac$ua$ors in i$s lo(er end. Once $he
driver en$ers $he ram#' $he %li# ac$ua$es $he ram#
$o &e li%$ed hori<on$ally. "hen ro&o$ic arms assis$
$he driver $o his sea$. :s soon as $he driver is sea$ed
$he 881 (elec$roence#halogram; helmet'
a$$ached $o $he $o# o% $he sea$' is lo(ered and
sui$a&l) #laced on $he driver.s head. : (ide
screen o% $he com#u$er is #laced a$ an angle
aes$he$icall) sui$a&le $o $he driver. 8ach #rogram
can &e con$rolled ei$her direc$l) &) a mouse or &)
a shor$cu$. =or s$ar$ing $he car' $he s$ar$ &u$$on is
clic*ed. :ccordingl) $he com#u$er s(i$ches ON
$he circui$ %rom $he &a$$er) $o $he :.7.Series
-nduc$ion mo$ors.
3.BIOCONTROL SYSTEM
"he &iocon$rol s)s$em
in$egra$es signals %rom various o$her s)s$ems and
com#ares $hem (i$h originals in $he da$a&ase. -$
com#rises o% $he %ollo(ing s)s$ems:
> 4rain,com#u$er in$er%ace
> :u$oma$ic securi$) s)s$em > :u$oma$ic
naviga$ion s)s$em
No( le$ us discuss each s)s$em in de$ail.
3.1.BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
4rain,com#u$er in$er%aces
(ill increase acce#$ance &) o%%ering
cus$omi<ed' in$elligen$ hel# and
$raining' es#eciall) %or $he non,e/#er$ user.
?evelo#men$ o% such a %le/i&le in$er%ace
#aradigm raises several challenges in $he
areas o% machine #erce#$ion and
au$oma$ic e/#lana$ion. "he $eams doing
research in $his %ield have develo#ed a
single,#osi$ion' &rain,con$rolled s(i$ch $ha$
res#onds $o s#eci%ic #a$$erns de$ec$ed in
s#a$io$em#oral elec$roence#halograms
9881; measured %rom $he human
scal#. 0e re%er $o $his ini$ial design as $he
@o(, =re+uenc)
:s)nchronous S(i$ch ?esign 9@=,:S?;
9=ig.!;.
Fig 1
"he 881 is $hen %il$ered and run
$hrough a %as$ =ourier $rans%orm &e%ore &eing
dis#la)ed as a $hree dimensional gra#hic. "he
da$a can $hen &e #i#ed in$o 5-?- com#a$i&le
music #rograms. =ur$hermore' 5-?- can &e
adjus$ed $o con$rol o$her e/$ernal #rocesses' such
as ro&o$ics. "he e/#erimen$al con$rol s)s$em is
con%igured %or $he #ar$icular $as* &eing used in $he
evalua$ion. 6eal "ime 0or*sho# genera$es all $he
con$rol #rograms %rom Simulin* models and
7A7BB using 5S Cisual 7BB 6.0. :nal)sis o%
da$a is mos$l) done (i$hin 5a$ la&
environmen$. =8:"D68S O= 881 4:N?
6emo$e anal)sis da$a can &e sen$ and
anal)<ed in real,$ime over a ne$(or* or modem
connec$ion.
?a$a can &e %ull) e/#or$ed in ra( da$a'
==" E average %orma$s.
Dl$ra lo( noise &alanced ?7 cou#ling
am#li%ier.
5a/ in#u$ !00microC #,#' minimum digi$al
resolu$ion is
!00 microC #,# A 256 F 0.390625 micro C #,#.
=="
#oin$ can selec$ %rom !2G 90.93H5 H<;' 256
90.6GH5 H<;' 5!2
90.233H5 H< resolu$ion;.
Su##or$ %or addi$ional serial #or$s via #lug,in &oarI
allo(s e/$ensive serial in#u$ E ou$#u$ con$rol.
-n%ini$e real,$ime da$a ac+uisi$ion 9de#enden$ u#on
hard drive
si<e;.
6eal,$ime 3,? E 2,? ==" (i$h #ea* indica$or'
6a( ?a$a' and Hori<on$al 4ar dis#la)s (i$h Juic*
?ra( mode. =ull 2 &i$ color su##or$I da$a can &e
anal)<ed
(i$h an) s$andard or user.
7us$omi<ed color #ale$$esI color c)cling availa&le
in G &i$ mode (i$h Juic*?ra(mode.
-n$erac$ive real,$ime ==" %il$ering (i$h Juic* ?ra(
mode. 6eal,$ime 3,? ==" 9le%$' righ$' coherence
and rela$ive coherence;' ra( (ave' s#here
%re+uenc) and si/ &rain (ave s(i$ch in one
O#en1@ dis#la).
=ull 4rain(ave driven Juic* "ime 5ovie'
Juic* "ime
5-?- con$rolI user con%igura&le
=ull 4rain (ave driven sound con$rol' su##or$ %or
!6 &i$ soundI user con%igura&le
=ull image ca#$ure and #la)&ac* con$rolI
user con%igura&le.
%ig 2
Fig 3
3.1.1.TEST RESULTS COMPARING
DRIVER ACCURACY WITHWITHOUT
BCI
!. :&le,&odied su&jec$s using imaginar)
movemen$s could a$$ain e+ual or &e$$er con$rol
accuracies $han a&le,&odied su&jec$s using real
movemen$s.
2. Su&jec$s demons$ra$ed ac$iva$ion accuracies in
$he range of H0,G2K (i$h %alse ac$iva$ions
&elo( 2K.
3. :ccuracies using ac$ual %inger movemen$s
(ere o&served in $he range 36,G3K
. "he average classi%ica$ion accurac) o%
imaginar) movemen$s (as over 99%
=ig. 4rain,$o, 5achine 5echanism
"he #rinci#le &ehind $he (hole
mechanism is $ha$ $he im#ulse o% $he human
&rain can &e $rac*ed and even decoded. "he
@o(,=re+uenc) :s)nchronous S(i$ch ?esign
$races $he mo$or neurons in $he &rain. 0hen $he
driver a$$em#$s %or a #h)sical movemen$' heAshe
sends an im#ulse $o $he mo$or neuron. "hese
mo$or neurons carr) $he signal $o $he #h)sical
com#onen$s such as hands or legs. Hence (e
decode $he message a$ $he mo$or neuron $o
o&$ain ma/imum accurac). 4) o&serving $he
sensor) neurons (e can moni$or $he e)e
movemen$o% $he driver.
=ig.5 8)e&all "rac*ing
:s $he e)e moves' $he cursor on $he
screen also moves and is also &righ$ened (hen $he
driver concen$ra$es on one #ar$icular #oin$ in his
environmen$. "he sensors' (hich are #laced a$
$he %ron$ and rear ends o% $he car' send a live
%eed&ac* o% $he environmen$ $o $he com#u$er.
"he s$eering (heel is $urned $hrough a s#eci%ic
angle &) elec$romechanical ac$ua$ors. "he angle o%
$urn is cali&ra$ed %rom $he dis$ance moved &) $he
do$ on $he screen.
=ig.6 8lec$romechanical 7on$rol Dni$
=ig.H Sensors and "heir 6ange
3.2.AUTOMATIC SECURITY SYSTEM
"he 881 o% $he driver is
moni$ored con$inuall). 0hen i$ dro#s less
$han H< $hen $he driver is in an uns$a&le s$a$e. :
message is given $o $he driver %or
con%irma$ion and (ai$s %or some$ime' $o
con$inue $he drive. : con%irmed re#l)
ac$iva$es $he #rogram %or au$oma$ic drive. -%
$he driver is doesn.$ give re#l) $hen $he
com#u$er #rom#$s $he driver %or $he
des$ina$ion &e%ore $he drive.
3.3.AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION
SYSTEM
:s $he com#u$er is &ased on
ar$i%icial in$elligence i$ au$oma$icall) moni$ors
ever) rou$e $he car $ravels and s$ores i$ in i$s
ma# da$a&ase %or %u$ure use. "he ma# da$a&ase is
anal)<ed and $he shor$es$ rou$e $o $he
des$ina$ion is chosen. 0i$h $ra%%ic moni$oring
s)s$em #rovided &) xm satellite radio $he
com#u$er drives $he car au$oma$icall). Video
and anti-collision sensors mainl) assis$ $his drive
&) #roviding con$inuous live %eed o% $he
environmen$ u# $o 180 m' (hich is su%%icien$ %or
$he #ur#ose.
=ig.G 881 :nal)sis 0indo(
!.CONCLUSION
0hen $he a&ove re+uiremen$s are
sa$is%ied and i% $his car &ecomes cos$ e%%ec$ive
$hen (e shall (i$ness a revolu$ionar) change in
$he socie$) (here $he demarca$ion &e$(een $he
a&ler and $he disa&led vanishes. "hus $he
in$egra$ion o% &ioelec$ronics (i$h au$omo$ive
s)s$ems is essen$ial $o develo# e%%icien$ and
%u$uris$ic vehicles' (hich shall &e (i$nessed soon
hel#ing $he disa&led in ever) manner in $he %ield o%
$rans#or$a$ion.
".REFERENCE
!. 2O%%,line 7lassi%ica$ion o% 881 %rom $he LNe(
Mor* 4rain, 7om#u$er -n$er%ace 947-;L
=lo$<inger' ?.' Nalcher' 3.' 0ol#a(' 3.6.'
5c=arland' 3.3.' and P%ur$scheller' 1.' 6e#or$
O3HG' --1,6e#or$ Series' --1: -ns$i$u$es %or
-n%orma$ion Processing' 1ra< Dniversi$) o%
"echnolog)' :us$ria !993.
2. L5an,5achine 7ommunica$ions $hrough
4rain,0ave ProcessingL Neirn' P.:. and :unon'
3.-.' -888 8ngineering in 5edicine and 4iolog)
5aga<ine' 5arch !990
3.:u$omo$ive engineering' S:8' 3une 2005
.:u$omo$ive mechanics ' 7rouse ' $en$h edi$ion '
!993
5. L"he &rain res#onse in$er%ace:
communica$ion $hrough visuall),induced
elec$rical &rain res#onsesL Su$$er' 8.8.' 3ournal
o% 5icrocom#u$er :##lica$ions' !992' !5: 3!,5