Boletn de Estudios sobre tetrpodos marinos del noroeste de frica

ALIDRISIA
marina
2 ALIDRISIA - 2013
BOLETN DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE TETRPODOS MARINOS DEL NOROESTE DE FRICA
MBITO
Se trata de una publicacin anual centrada en el estudio de los tetrpodos marinos del
noroeste de frica y sus islas. Tiene un carcter cientfico multidisciplinar y una marcada
vocacin conservacionista. Adems pretende ser un vehculo ms que sirva para divulgar
todos aquellos trabajos desarrollados por investigadores a lo largo de la costa africana
que baa el Mediterrneo y el Atlntico. Por otra parte, Alidrisia Marina podr publicar
tambin volmenes especiales donde se recojan trabajos monogrficos sobre diferentes
temticas del medio marino africano o incluso de otros mbitos geogrficos.
SCOPE
The Journal publishes annually original articles on the marine tetrapods from the North-
East Africa and its islands. This is a scientific Journal that presents a remarkably conser-
vationist character. One of the major goals of Alidrisia Marina is to serve as a vehicle to
publish the works and researches of the African scientifics along the Mediterranean and
the Atlantic. Works focus on different marine biological subjects from the African context
or other geographical areas can be also published in Alidrisia Marina special volumes.
INSTRUCCIONES PARA AUTORES
Los manuscritos deben enviarse al editor direccion@museodelmarceuta.com. Deben estar
redactados en sistema Word y las imgenes y grficos se envan por separado con sus res-
pectivas leyendas. Dos posibles revisores tendrn que ser incluidos por parte de los autores
de los artculos. Los artculos cientficos estarn distribuidos en los siguientes apartados:
ttulo y direccin de los autores del trabajo, resumen, introduccin, material y mtodos,
resultados, discusin y bibliografa. Los textos sern enviados en ingls aunque el idioma
espaol tambin podr ser aceptado.
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
Manuscript should be submitted to the editor direccion@museodelmarceuta.com. The text
should be writing using Word system, pictures and graphics have to be sending separately
with legends. Two possible referees should be advised by authors. For research articles the
text must be organized as it follows: title and address of the authors, abstract, introduction,
material and methods, results and discussion and bibliography. Texts must be submitted in
English but also Spanish may also be accepted.
Publica (Publisher): Asociacin Septem-Nostra Ecologistas en Accin y Fundacin Museo
del Mar de Ceuta. Muelle Caonero Dato S/N, 51001, Ceuta, Espaa.
Editora: Francisca Serris Benavente
Traduccin al ingls (excepto artculo La revelacin de la Naturaleza): scar Ocaa Vicente
Coordinadores cientficos (scientific coordination): scar Ocaa Vicente y
Jos Manuel Prez-Rivera
Fuentes de Internet (Internet resources): www.museodelmarceuta.com
Financiacin (Financial support): Consejera de Medioambiente, Ciudad Autnoma de Ceuta.
Maquetacin: Paula Medina Morales
Precio de la suscripcin anual y de cada suplemento (anual price): 10
COMIT DE REVISIN / ADVISORY BOARD
Luis Laria, Asturias, Espaa; Alberto Brito, Canarias, Espaa; J.J. Bacallado, Canarias, Espaa;
Leopoldo Moro, Canarias, Espaa; Rogelio Herrera, Canarias, Espaa; Alfonso Ramos,
Alicante, Espaa; Filipe Porteiro, Azores, Portugal; Peter Wirtz, Madeira, Portugal; Younes
Saoud, Tetuan, Marruecos; Julio de la Rosa y Luis Snchez (Universidad de Granada).
Depsito Legal: CE - 14 / 10
ISSN: 2171-4517
Impresin: Grafisur - Tarifa S.L.
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a presente edicin de
Alidrisia Marina contina
fiel al formato publicado
el ao pasado y ha consolidado
las secciones en las que la revista
se divide. Dos primeras partes
estn dedicadas a mostrar los
resultados obtenidos con los
varamientos y los progresos en
relacin a las osamentas que se
van recuperando y que, adems,
aumentan la importante coleccin
del Museo del Mar de Ceuta. El
tercer apartado est dedicado a
los artculos de investigacin, tanto en el campo de la biologa como en el de las
humanidades, siempre que trate la temtica de los tetrpodos marinos. De hecho,
el artculo/ensayo que confronta el pensamiento mecanicista con el organicista en
nuestras sociedades explica un fascinante e indito descubrimiento sobre la casa
Batll del genial Antonio Gaud. Para su autor, y para los que hemos compartido
este satisfactorio descubrimiento, la fachada de la casa est en gran parte dedicada
a las tortugas marinas, ya que encontramos reproducciones de determinadas
partes del esqueleto de las tortugas adaptadas por el artista a diversos elementos
constructivos. En el apartado de artculos de naturaleza contamos con uno sobre
las necropsias efectuadas a dos especies de cetceos varados, mostrando la buena
disposicin y colaboracin que existe entre nuestras instituciones y la Consejera
de Sanidad de la Ciudad Autnoma. Un artculo dedicado a los impactos de las
embarcaciones rpidas sobre ejemplares de tortugas marinas pone de manifiesto
la necesidad urgente de ordenacin de los usos humanos en nuestro litoral.
Finalmente, pero no menos importante, hemos conseguido establecer un vnculo
de colaboracin con la asociacin Canarias conservacin que tan buena labor
lleva realizando en las Islas Canarias en beneficio de los cetceos, a travs del
estudio integral de los varamientos de estos mamferos y del montaje de los
esqueletos de grandes ballenas al aire libre. En este volumen se presenta parte
de su trabajo con los cetceos en Canarias y tambin se publica otro artculo con
unas preciosas imgenes de una rara especie de delfn que fue avistado en aguas
del archipilago, una de estas imgenes hace de portada en el presente nmero.
Para el prximo tenemos preparado un nuevo artculo que desarrolla un estudio
sobre los varamientos de rorcual aliblanco tanto en Canarias como en Ceuta,
aportando alguna hiptesis que explica la presencia de esta especie en frica. Esta
incorporacin de artculos de investigadores canarios en nuestra revista es un
nuevo impulso revitalizador para Alidrisia marina, que esperemos anime a otros
investigadores a publicar sus artculos, contribuyendo as a la consolidacin de
este proyecto regional.
Edi t or i a l
4 ALIDRISIA - 2013
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SEGUIMIENTO DE LOS VARAMIENTOS DE
CETCEOS Y TORTUGAS MARINAS DE LA
REGIN DE CEUTA (2011 - 2012) / MARINE
TETRAPODS STRANDING MEMOIRE (2011
- 2012)
MEMORIA DE RECUPERACIN Y ESTUDIO
DE OSAMENTAS (2011 - 2012) / BONES
STUDIES AND RECUPERATION MEMOIR
(2011 - 2012)
ARTCULOS / ARTICLES
A survey of the necropsies practised on two
mammals belonging to the species Balaenoptera
acutorostrata and Stenella coeruleoalba
Sonsoles Carretero Lpez
The stranding in the canaries and its scientific and
divulgative applications
Manuel Carrillo
Frasers dolphin: an unusual species
Manuel L. Carrillo Prez
The study of a skull collection of the species
Caretta caretta and its relation to the environment
stress
Oscar Ocaa Vicente and Juan Antonio Rosa
La revelacin de la naturaleza / Natures revelation
Jos Manuel Prez Rivera
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75
87
2013 - ALIDRISIA 5
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Seguimiento de
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ALIDRISIA ALIDRISIA
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SEGUIMIENTO DE LOS
VARAMIENTOS DE
CETCEOS Y TORTUGAS
MARINAS DE LA REGIN
DE CEUTA (2011-2012)
Oscar Ocaa Vicente*
Juan Antonio Rosa*
Jos Manuel Prez - Rivera**
* Fundacin Museo del Mar de Ceuta
** Asociacin Septem Nostra - Ecologistas en Accin
El ciclo anual que vamos a analizar (2011-2012) est marcado necesariamente
por la obra del antiguo vertedero de Santa Catalina. Como consecuencia de
estas actuaciones de sellado tuvimos que reducir signifcativamente el rea de
pudridero, lo cual nos ocasion numerosos perjuicios que redundaron en un
menor control de los varamientos. De la misma manera, las rgidas exigencias
de seguridad de la obra no han ayudado a que nuestra situacin mejorara, sino
que han empeorado las condiciones de trabajo de la empresa que recoge los
tetrpodos varados. No obstante lo comentado anteriormente, hemos podido
continuar adelante con nuestra labor en benefcio de las especies y de Ceuta,
y podemos presentar algunos resultados de los datos de varamiento. En este
sentido, nuestros datos refejan un nmero algo mayor de varamientos de ce-
tceos con respecto al ciclo anterior (vase Ocaa y Prez-Rivera, 2011) y
tambin, gracias a la labor de limpieza de osamentas, hemos conseguido iden-
tifcar un nmero mayor de delfnes de la especie D. delphis entre los ejempla-
res no identifcados que tenamos en nuestras bases de datos de varamientos.
Habr que estar, de cara al futuro, bien atentos al nmero de ejemplares de
delfnes comunes varados, en relacin a los ms numerosos delfnes listados.
Tambin aadimos una serie de datos correspondientes a las necropsias rea-
lizadas a varios cetceos, que esperamos tengan alguna utilidad mdica. Es
interesante destacar los dos varamientos de rorcual aliblanco habidos durante
el ao 2012 y aclarar que en ambos casos las almadrabas han sido el fnal de es-
tos animales. De la misma manera, el incremento de varamientos en nuestras
costas est directamente relacionado con la presencia de las dos almadrabas
que se calaron durante la temporada 2012 en la baha sur de nuestra ciudad. La
presencia de estos dos nuevos ejemplares eleva a cinco las osamentas de esta
especie que tenemos en nuestra coleccin, y permite que ya estemos colabo-
rando en la preparacin de un primer trabajo cientfco con colegas canarios.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 7
ALIDRISIA
The building works on the old wasted area of Santa Catalina has signalled
this period. As a consequence of this, it has been reduced our burial work
surface, and we also had to follow all the duties and security impositions in
relation to the building works. However, we could go forward on the behalf
of the marine tetrapods species and Ceuta, and here we present some data
from the stranded animals. The data show a high number of stranded ceta-
ceans if we compare them with the last period (see Ocaa and Prez-Rivera,
2011). Due to the cleaning works on the skeletons, we have been able to
classify some unidentifed specimens, which belong to the species D. delphis.
Moreover, it is of special interest the stranded of two specimens belonging
to Balaenoptera acutorrostrata during 2012. Both specimens were found inside
the tunny nets (Almadrabas). We think that the stranding increase is due to
the presence of two different Almadrabas instead one, as it was usual in the
past. These two specimens, together with some others stranded during past
years, reach the number of 5 skeletons of B. acutorrostrata in our bones col-
lection, allowing us to start a collaboration program with other colleagues
from Canary Islands. We hope to have in a short period a new and improv-
ing rotting surface to proceed with our matters.
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Metodologa. Una amplia exposi-
cin de nuestra variada metodolo-
ga de trabajo se puede consultar en
Garca de los Ros y Ocaa, 2006, y
tambin en Ocaa et al., 2010. No obs-
tante, conviene recordar que los m-
todos utilizados con los animales va-
rados, una vez que estn depositados
en el rea del pudridero, se resumen
en un estudio general del animal: sexo,
estado de degradacin, biometra b-
sica y estudio mdico ms profundo,
si se estima conveniente por parte del
servicio veterinario que colabora con
nuestro proyecto.
MARINE TETRAPODS STRANDING
MEMOIRE (2011-2012)
Methodology. Our main methodol-
ogy in relation to the stranded corps
had been resume in Garca de los Ros
y Ocaa (2006) and Ocaa et al., (2010).
From a general point of view, the
methodology with the stranded corps
can be summarized as a survey on bi-
ometry, sex, putrefaction level and the
veterinary studies developed by the
veterinarian service that collaborates
with our project.
En un plazo relativamente corto de tiempo (antes de final de 2014) es-
peramos que est preparada la nueva rea del pudridero, mejorada para
poder realizar nuestros trabajos con los tetrpodos marinos.
8 ALIDRISIA - 2013
HISTORIA NATURAL DE LOS
VARAMIENTOS
En este apartado vamos a exponer con comentarios y observaciones los datos de
varamientos por especies a lo largo de 2011-2012. El nmero de varamientos
durante este periodo ha vuelto a incrementarse en contraste con el pasado ciclo
en el que haban descendido claramente. Conviene indicar que el ao 2011 ha
sido muy irregular y los datos de varamientos no tienen la consistencia de otros
periodos debido a la obra del vertedero que nos redujo y alter nuestro pudridero
y tambin a la rapia de los perros cimarrones sobre los cuerpos de los cetceos.
A NATURAL HISTORY OF THE STRANDS
We include the stranded data of the marine tetrapods species during the period
2011-2012. The number of stranded corps has increased in contrast with 2009-
2010 cycle where the stranded corps decreased significantly. As we commented
previously, the year 2011 has been very irregular due to the works in the area of
Santa Catalina.
Cetceos (Cetaceans):
Delfnes sin identifcar
Not identifed dolphins
01/01/2011
Cuerpo irreconocible a simple vista, muy
degradado.
Carcase in very bad conditions.
1. 80 m
10/01/2011
Cuerpo muy degradado y con una abertura
ventral.
Carcase in very bad conditions and with a
wound in the abdomen.
2 m
19/01/2011
Cuerpo muy degradado, sin cola, interaccin
con arte de pesca.
Carcase in very bad conditions, no tail, fshery
interaction.
2.17 m
22/01/2011
Cuerpo degradado, sin cola, interaccin con
arte de pesca.
Carcase in very bad conditions, no tail, fshery
interaction.
1.80 m
2013 - ALIDRISIA 9
23/01/2011
Solo qued el crneo y algo de cintura
escapular, devorado por perros cimarrones.
Only remains the skull and pectoral waist.
Eaten up by wild dogs.
11/02/2011
Solo queda el crneo el resto comido por
perros cimarrones.
Only remains the skull. Eaten up by wild dogs.
1.80 m
15/02/2011
Deteriorado.
Bad conditions.
2.15 m
Octubre 2011
Deteriorado.
Bad conditions.
1.70 m
29/01/2012
Muy deteriorado.
Very bad conditions.
2 m
22/04/2012
Muy deteriorado.
Very bad conditions.
2 m
09/08/2012
Deteriorado.
Bad conditions.
1.25 m
27/08/2012
Deteriorado.
Bad conditions.
1.25 m
12/09/2012
Deteriorado.
Bad conditions.
1.65 m
10/01/2011 10/01/2011
10 ALIDRISIA - 2013
15/02/2011 19/01/2011
11/02/2011 23/01/2011
22/04/2012 29/01/2012
12/09/2012 12/09/2012
2013 - ALIDRISIA 11
Especie: Stenella coeruleoalba (Delfn llistado; Striped dolphin)
FECHA
DATE
LUGAR
PLACE
LONGITUD
LENGTH
NIVEL DE
DEGRADACIN
PUTREFACTION
LEVEL
SEXO
SEX
28/04/2011 ? 2 m 2
21/10/2011 Baha sur 1.65 m 1
octubre 2011 Baha norte 1.25 m 1 - 2
05/03/2012 Baha norte 1.50 m 0
08/06/2012 ? 1.80 m 2 - 3
12/09/2011 ? 1.60 m 0 - 1
12/12/2012 Baha norte 1.94 m 0
Observaciones. Los datos de la me-
moria osteolgica indican que haba
un mayor nmero de identificados
que son ejemplares de la especie D.
delphis.
Remarks. According to the bones
memoir, most of the corps belongs to
D. delphis.
21/10/2011 28/04/2011
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05/03/2012 05/03/2012
12/09/2011 12/09/2011
12/12/2012 12/12/2012
Observaciones. A diferencia del an-
terior periodo dnde los varamientos
estaban repartidos durante todo el
ao, en este ciclo volvemos a registrar
el otoo y la primavera como las po-
cas claves para que se produzcan las
muertes de esta especie. Por supuesto,
un nmero de delfines no identifi-
cados pertenecern a esta especie. Al
ejemplar varado el 12/12/2012 se le
practic una necropsia.
Remarks. The last period the strand-
ed corps was spread along the year
meanwhile during the present cycle
we have registered the autumn and
spring seasons as the most important
dates from the stranding point of view.
Indeed, a number of unidentified dol-
phins belong to this species. Necropsy
was made on the specimen stranded
12/12/2012.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 13
Especie: Delphinus delphis (Delfn comn; Common dolphin)
FECHA
DATE
LUGAR
PLACE
LONGITUD
LENGTH
NIVEL DE
DEGRADACIN
PUTREFACTION
LEVEL
SEXO
SEX
12/01/2012 Juan XXIII 2 m 2
Observaciones. El anlisis macros-
cpico, al realizar una necropsia ge-
neral pero sin detalles, determin una
aparente infeccin en los pulmones.
Se trataba de un ejemplar de avanzada
edad y enfermo.
Remarks. General examination con-
cludes the specimen was old and the
necropsy shows an illness infection
process in the slangs.
Especie: Tursiops truncatus (Delfn Mular; Bottle nose dolphin)
FECHA
DATE
LUGAR
PLACE
LONGITUD
LENGTH
NIVEL DE
DEGRADACIN
PUTREFACTION
LEVEL
SEXO
SEX
17/02/2011 Baha sur 2.15 m 1 ?
14 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Observaciones. Fue llevada a cabo
una necropsia, pero por razones ajenas
a nuestro proyecto la cabeza estuvo
congelada durante un tiempo y pos-
teriormente se nos fue devuelta. Toda-
va no conocemos el sexo del ejemplar
pues no pudimos estudiar el cuerpo
convenientemente por lo comentado
anteriormente.
Remarks. Due to different factors be-
yond our control we still did not know
some data around this specimen. Due
to external reasons, the skull was fro-
zen and latter it was returned to us.
Especie: Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Rorcual Aliblanco; Minke whale)
FECHA
DATE
LUGAR
PLACE
LONGITUD
LENGTH
NIVEL DE
DEGRADACIN
PUTREFACTION
LEVEL
SEXO
SEX
13/09/2012
Almadraba de
Ceuta
4 m 0
07/11/2012 Fuentecaballo 4.05 m 3
?
2013 - ALIDRISIA 15
Tortugas marinas: (Marine turtles):
Especie: Caretta caretta (Tortuga boba; Loggerhead turtle)
FECHA
DATE
LUGAR
PLACE
LONGITUD
LENGHT
NIVEL DE
DEGRADACIN
PUTREFACTION
LEVEL
05/01/2011 Baha sur 91 x 60.6 cm 2 - 3
21/03/2011 Baha sur 140 x 75 cm 3 - 4
21/03/2011 Baha sur 70 x 50 cm 3 - 4
julio-agosto 2011 130 x 70 cm 4
07/11/2012 13/09/2012
Observaciones. El primer ejemplar
fue capturado por una de las almadra-
bas y el segundo tambin pensamos
que estaba asociada a una de estas
instalaciones pues apareci varado jus-
to frente a una de ellas. La presencia
de estos dos nuevos ejemplares eleva
a cinco las osamentas de esta especie
que tenemos en nuestra coleccin y
nos convierte en el museo con ms
osamentas de esta especie en el con-
texto espaol. Actualmente nos encon-
tramos colaborando en la preparacin
de un primer trabajo cientfico en re-
lacin a esta interesante especie con
colegas canarios.
Remarks. The first specimen was col-
lected in one of the Almadrabas, and
the second one stranded just opposite
to one of them and with visible marks
around its corps, so we think that its
death was associated with the Alma-
drabas. These two new specimens in-
crease to five the skeletons of B. acu-
torrostrata in the museum, so Museo
del Mar de Ceuta is the organization
that presents more skeletons of such
species in the Spanish context. Along
this year we are preparing a scientific
paper in relation to this interesting
species with colleagues from the Ca-
nary Islands.
16 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Observaciones. La presencia de las
dos almadrabas ha cuadriplicado el
nmero de tortugas varadas en nues-
tras costas y est provocando un im-
pacto negativo en las poblaciones de
Caretta caretta especialmente.
Remarks. The Almadrabas have
quadruplicate the number of strand-
ed marine turtles in our littoral and
are the cause of a negative impact
against the turtles, especially to the
species Caretta caretta.
julio-agosto 2011 140 x 80 cm 4
julio-agosto 2011 85 x 40 cm 4
julio-agosto 2011 85 x 40 cm 4
julio-agosto 2011 115 x 54 cm 4
23/11/2011 Baha sur 80 x 60 cm 3
30/11/2011 Baha sur 75 x 54 cm 2
27/02/2012 Baha sur 100 x 70 cm 1
12/03/2012 90 x 70 cm 1
29/05/2012 Punta Almina 85 x 60 cm 1
11/07/2012 Fuentecaballo 86 x 60 cm 3
27/08/2012 80 x 45 cm 3
17/10/2012 3
21/03/2011 05/01/2011
11/07/2012 27/02/2012
2013 - ALIDRISIA 17
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Recuperacin
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MEMORIA DE RECUPERACIN
Y ESTUDIO DE OSAMENTAS
(2011-2012)
Oscar Ocaa Vicente y Juan Antonio Rosa
Fundacin Museo del Mar de Ceuta
A lo largo de estas lneas se ponen de manifiesto los trabajos realizados
con las osamentas, y los resultados preliminares de los estudios reali-
zados a los esqueletos a travs de la observacin, las mediciones osteo-
lgicas y la captacin de imgenes. En esta nueva memoria incluimos
exclusivamente las nuevas entradas en la base de datos de osamentas, la
cual puede ser consultada en www.museodelmarceuta.com
Como siempre hemos comentado a lo largo de nuestras memorias y pu-
blicaciones (vase volmenes I y II de Alidrisia Marina), de la observacin
cientfica de los huesos de estas especies se pueden extraer algunas consi-
deraciones que creemos interesantes incluir en la base de datos elabora-
da, con el objeto de concentrar el mayor volumen posible de informacin
biolgica. Toda esta informacin, como hemos destacado, queda dispo-
nible a travs de la web para aquellas personas interesadas en el estudio
y conservacin de estas especies. De la misma manera, en esta memoria
incluimos un resumen de los trabajos de recuperacin de la osamenta de
un cachalote que fue enterrado en nuestra rea de pudridero.
The works on the cetaceans skeletons included in this chapter show all The works on the cetaceans skeletons included in this chapter show all
the data obtained through their observation, osteological measurements the data obtained through their observation, osteological measurements
and images caption. Along this memoir we include the new entries in the and images caption. Along this memoir we include the new entries in the
database, which can be consulted in database, which can be consulted in www.museodelmarceuta.com www.museodelmarceuta.com
As we usually remark, the scientific observation of the bones in these As we usually remark, the scientific observation of the bones in these
species are very useful and we consider very important to include them species are very useful and we consider very important to include them
in the database, so the amount of information becomes higher. We in the database, so the amount of information becomes higher. We
also include a brief description on the works that have been done in also include a brief description on the works that have been done in
order to recover the bones of a specimen of order to recover the bones of a specimen of Physeter macrocephalus Physeter macrocephalus
stranded in our littoral and buried in our area. stranded in our littoral and buried in our area.
BONES STUDIES AND RECUPERATION BONES STUDIES AND RECUPERATION
MEMOIR (2011-2012) MEMOIR (2011-2012)
2013 - ALIDRISIA 19
Materiales y metodologas. La
metodologa utilizada no ha variado
sustancialmente desde la memoria an-
terior y solo merece la pena comen-
tar algunos aspectos relevantes. Este
apartado sufrir cambios importantes,
en el momento en que contemos con
una nueva rea de pudridero con todas
las modificaciones introducidas para
mejorar el trabajo con las osamentas, y
como consecuencia en la obtencin de
resultados. Trabajar los cuerpos de los
animales varados frescos con rapidez es
uno de nuestros objetivos metodolgi-
cos ms interesantes, y para acercarnos
a este propsito necesitamos no solo el
concurso del personal de las brigadas
del Plan de Empleo, sino tambin del
nuevo espacio, preparado con medios
sencillos pero apropiados. A continua-
cin vamos a mostrar a travs de imge-
nes parte de los trabajos realizados con
material en condiciones de frescura
aceptables.
A lo largo de este ciclo anual, hemos com-
probado que la utilizacin del hipoclori-
to de sodio debe ser cautelosa y siempre
en pequeas cantidades pues mancha las
osamentas de manera significativa.
Materials and Methods. The meth-
ods are essentially the same than the
exposed in our last memoire; only
some aspects can be commented by
its relevance. Meanwhile, the improve-
ment of the work on the skeletons
depends on the new burial site to be
performed by the local administra-
tion. Our major goal in relation to the
stranded corps is to work on them as
faster as possible, while the corps re-
main fresh. The images in this mem-
oire show our job with fresh material.
Through our work during this annual
period we are able to affirm that the
use of sodium hypochlorite has to be
cautious and always in a small quantity,
as the bones are stained significantly.
Los resultados de trabajar el material en
fresco son gratificantes
The results of this work with fresh material
are really gratifying
20 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Resultados. La lista de todas las osa-
mentas trabajadas de una u otra for-
ma a lo largo de este periodo se pue-
de consultar al final de este captulo.
A continuacin se presenta solo una
representacin de lo ms destacado de
este ciclo de trabajo.
Con respecto a los cetceos se han
llevado a cabo la limpieza, prepara-
cin y coleccin de 10 delfines, seis
pertenecientes a la especie Delphinus
delphis, tres de la especie Stenella
coeruleoalba y un Tursiops trunca-
tus. Tambin hay que tener en cuen-
ta que se han aadido a la base de
datos algunas osamentas que estaban
en la exposicin del Museo del Mar y
que no se haban contabilizado pre-
viamente. Adems, hay que resaltar
que se ha desenterrado la osamenta
de un ejemplar de la especie Physeter
macrocephalus y se ha limpiado par-
cialmente. Se trata de un ejemplar de
mucho valor para nuestra coleccin,
una magnfica especie cuya osamenta
pasar a formar parte de la coleccin
del Museo del Mar.
Results. The lists of all the skele-
tons can be consulted at the end of
this chapter. We include only the de-
scription of the most relevant work.
There are six skeletons belonging to
D. delphis, three of S. coeruleoalba
and one T. truncatus. Also it is re-
markable the works with the speci-
men of P. macrocephalus, a valuable
skeleton to be in the collection of
the Museo del Mar.
Los resultados de trabajar el material
en fresco son gratificantes
The results of this work with fresh
material are really gratifying
2013 - ALIDRISIA 21
D
E
D

1
6
:

D
e
l
p
h
i
n
u
s

d
e
l
p
h
i
s
;

2
0
1
1
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o

q
u
e

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a

f
r
a
c
t
u
r
a

y
a

f
u
s
i
o
n
a
d
a

e
n

l
a

c
o
l
u
m
n
a

y

e
s
c

p
u
l
a

i
z
q
u
i
e
r
d
a
.

R
e
s
t
o
s

d
e

p
i
e
l

y

c
a
r
t

l
a
g
o

e
n

l
a
s

a
l
e
t
a
s
.
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n

t
h
a
t

p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s

f
r
a
c
t
u
r
e

i
n

t
h
e

s
p
i
n
e

a
n
d

t
h
e

s
c
a
p
u
l
a
.

T
h
e
r
e

a
r
e

r
e
s
t
s

o
f

s
k
i
n

a
n
d

c
a
r
t
i
l
a
g
e

o
n

t
h
e

i
p
p
e
r
s
.
22 ALIDRISIA - 2013
D
E
D

1
7
:

D
e
l
p
h
i
n
u
s

d
e
l
p
h
i
s
;

2
0
1
1
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

s
o
l
o

f
a
l
t
a
n

a
l
g
u
n
a
s

c
o
s
t
i
l
l
a
s
,

r
e
s
t
o
s

d
e

c
a
r
t

l
a
g
o

e
n

l
a
s

a
l
e
t
a
s
.
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

o
n
l
y

l
a
c
k

o
f

s
o
m
e

r
i
b
s
.

T
h
e
r
e

a
r
e

r
e
s
t
s

o
f

c
a
r
t
i
l
a
g
e

o
n

t
h
e

i
p
p
e
r
s
.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 23
D
E
D

1
8
:

D
e
l
p
h
i
n
u
s

d
e
l
p
h
i
s
;

2
0
1
1
.
M
u
y

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

s
o
l
o

f
a
l
t
a
n

a
l
g
u
n
a
s

c
o
s
t
i
l
l
a
s
,

r
e
s
t
o
s

d
e

c
a
r
t

l
a
g
o
s

e
n

l
a
s

a
l
e
t
a
s
.

P
r
e
s
e
n
t
a

f
r
a
c
t
u
r
a

c
u
r
a
d
a

e
n

l
a
s

c
o
s
t
i
l
l
a
s

y

e
n

e
l

o
m

p
l
a
t
o
.
A
l
m
o
s
t

o
n
e

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

o
n
l
y

l
a
c
k

o
f

s
o
m
e

r
i
b
s
.

T
h
e
r
e

a
r
e

r
e
s
t
s

o
f

c
a
r
t
i
l
a
g
e

o
n

t
h
e

i
p
p
e
r
s
.

T
h
e
r
e

a
r
e

r
e
c
o
v
e
r
e
d

f
r
a
c
t
u
r
e

i
n

t
h
e

r
i
b
s

a
n
d

s
c
a
p
u
l
a
.
24 ALIDRISIA - 2013
D
E
D

2
3
:

D
e
l
p
h
i
n
u
s

d
e
l
p
h
i
s
;

2
1
/
1
1
/
2
0
1
1
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

i
n
c
l
u
y
e
n
d
o

e
l

a
p
a
r
a
t
o

h
i
o
i
d
e
o

y

l
a

p
e
l
v
i
s
;

l
e
s
i

n

e
n

m
a
n
d

-
b
u
l
a

s
u
p
e
r
i
o
r

y

t
a
m
b
i

n

e
n

e
s
c

p
u
l
a

d
e
r
e
c
h
a

y

v

r
t
e
b
r
a
s
.

L
a
v
a
d
o

t
o
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
.
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n

i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g

h
y
o
i
d
s

s
y
s
t
e
m

a
n
d

t
h
e

p
e
l
v
i
s
;

f
r
a
c
t
u
r
e

i
n

s
u
p
e
-
r
i
o
r

j
a
w

a
n
d

a
l
s
o

i
n

t
h
e

r
i
g
h
t

s
c
a
p
u
l
a
.

C
l
e
a
n

w
i
t
h

s
o
d
i
u
m

h
y
p
o
c
h
l
o
r
i
t
e
.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 25
S
T
E

4
1
:

S
t
e
n
e
l
l
a

c
o
e
u
r
e
o
a
l
b
a
;

1
7
/
1
0
/
2
0
1
1
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

l
i
m
p
i
a
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
.
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

c
l
e
a
n

w
i
t
h

s
o
-
d
i
u
m

h
y
p
o
c
h
l
o
r
i
t
e
.
26 ALIDRISIA - 2013
S
T
E

4
2
:

S
t
e
n
e
l
l
a

c
o
e
u
r
e
o
a
l
b
a
;

1
2
/
1
2
/
2
0
1
1
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

i
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o

d
e
b
i
d
o

a

l
a

a
c
c
i

n

d
e

p
e
r
r
o
s

a
s
i
l
v
e
s
t
r
a
d
o
s
,

l
a
v
a
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
.
I
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n

d
u
e

t
o

t
h
e

w
i
l
d

d
o
g
s

i
n

t
h
e

a
r
e
a
.


A
l
l

t
h
e

b
o
n
e
s

c
l
e
a
n

w
i
t
h

s
o
d
i
u
m

h
y
p
o
c
h
l
o
r
i
t
e
.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 27
T
U
R
S

0
5
:

T
u
r
s
i
o
p
s

t
r
u
n
c
a
t
u
s
;

1
7
/
1
0
/
2
0
1
1
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

m
u
y

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o

p
e
r
o

f
a
l
t
a
n

t
r
o
z
o
s

d
e

h
u
e
s
o
s

y

u
n
a

a
l
e
t
a

d
e
b
i
d
o

a

l
a

a
c
c
i

n

d
e

p
e
r
r
o
s

a
s
i
l
v
e
s
t
r
a
d
o
s
.
A
l
m
o
s
t

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

t
h
e

l
a
c
k

o
f

s
o
m
e

b
o
n
e

p
o
r
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

a

i
p
p
e
r

i
s

d
u
e

t
o

w
i
l
d

d
o
g
s
.
28 ALIDRISIA - 2013
D
E
D

0
1
-
1
2
:

D
e
l
p
h
i
n
u
s

d
e
l
p
h
i
s
;

0
2
/
0
2
/
2
0
1
2
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

y

m
u
y

b
u
e
n
o
,

n
o

f
a
l
t
a

n
i
n
g

n

h
u
e
s
o
:

T
o
d
o

l
a
v
a
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
,

e
x
c
e
p
t
o

e
s
c

p
u
l
a

i
z
q
u
i
e
r
d
a
.
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

t
h
e

c
o
r
p
s

c
l
e
a
n
e
d

w
i
t
h

s
o
d
i
u
m

h
y
p
o
c
h
l
o
r
i
t
e

e
x
c
e
p
t

t
h
e

l
e
f
t

s
c
a
p
u
l
a
.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 29
S
T
E

0
1
-
1
2
:

S
t
e
n
e
l
l
a

c
o
e
r
u
l
e
o
a
l
b
a
;

0
3
/
0
3
/
2
0
1
2
.
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
o

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

t
o
d
o

l
a
v
a
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
,

e
x
c
e
p
t
o

e
s
c

p
u
l
a

d
e
r
e
c
h
a
.

E
s
t
u
v
o

c
o
n
g
e
l
a
d
o

6

m
e
s
e
s

a
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
-
d
a
m
e
n
t
e
.
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

b
o
n
e
s

c
l
e
a
n
e
d

w
i
t
h

s
o
d
i
u
m

h
y
p
o
c
h
l
o
r
i
t
e

e
x
c
e
p
t

t
h
e

r
i
g
h
t

s
c
a
p
u
l
a
.

I
t

w
a
s

f
r
o
z
e
n

d
u
r
i
n
g

s
i
x

m
o
n
t
h
s
.
30 ALIDRISIA - 2013
D
E
D

0
2
-
1
2
:

D
e
l
p
h
i
n
u
s

d
e
l
p
h
i
s
.
S

l
o

c
r

n
e
o
.
O
n
l
y

s
k
u
l
l
.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 31
En relacin a las tortugas marinas
podemos indicar que hemos prepa-
rado 9 osamentas de ejemplares de
tortugas marinas pertenecientes a
la especie Caretta caretta. Otras tortu-
gas preparadas estn reseadas en la
base de datos que se adjunta al final
del captulo..
9 specimens of Caretta caretta have
been prepared; other marine turtles
are included in the database below.
C
A
R

9
2
:

C
a
r
e
t
t
a

c
a
r
e
t
t
a
;

1
0
/
1
1
/
2
0
1
1
.
B
a
s
t
a
n
t
e

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

p
r
e
s
e
n
c
i
a

d
e

g
r
a
s
a

y

c
r

n
e
o

d
e
s
m
o
n
t
a
d
o
,

m
a
l
f
o
r
m
a
c
i

n

e
n

c
l
a
v

c
u
l
a

y

o
m

p
l
a
t
o

d
e
r
e
c
h
o

y

u
n
a

a
n
o
m
a
l

a

e
n

u
n
o

d
e

l
o
s

e
s
c
u
d
o
s
.

T
r
a
t
a
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
.
A
l
m
o
s
t

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
,

s
t
i
l
l

a

l
i
t
t
l
e

b
i
t

o
i
l
y
,

s
k
u
l
l
s

d
i
s
m
a
n
t
l
e
.

M
a
l
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

c
l
a
v
i
c
l
e

a
n
d

r
i
g
h
t

s
c
a
p
u
l
a
,

a
n
o
m
a
l
y

o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d

i
n

o
n
e

o
f

t
h
e

s
c
u
t
e
s
.
32 ALIDRISIA - 2013
C
A
R

9
3
:

C
a
r
e
t
t
a

c
a
r
e
t
t
a
;

1
0
/
1
1
/
2
0
1
1
.
B
a
s
t
a
n
t
e

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
o
,

t
r
a
t
a
d
o

c
o
n

l
e
j

a
.
A
l
m
o
s
t

c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
,

t
r
e
a
t
e
d

w
i
t
h

s
o
d
i
u
m

h
y
p
o
c
l
o
r
i
t
e
.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 33
C
A
R

9
6
:

C
a
r
e
t
t
a

c
a
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34 ALIDRISIA - 2013
C
A
R

9
7
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C
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2013 - ALIDRISIA 35
C
A
R

9
7
:

C
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36 ALIDRISIA - 2013
C
A
R

9
8
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C
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2013 - ALIDRISIA 37
C
A
R

0
1
-
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2
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38 ALIDRISIA - 2013
C
A
R

0
1
-
1
2
:

C
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2013 - ALIDRISIA 39
C
A
R

0
2
-
1
2
:

C
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40 ALIDRISIA - 2013
C
A
R

0
2
-
1
2
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C
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2013 - ALIDRISIA 41
C
A
R

0
3
-
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2
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n
.

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m
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n

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t
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t

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m

h
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p
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c
l
o
r
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t
e
.
42 ALIDRISIA - 2013
2013 - ALIDRISIA 43
CAR 04-12: Caretta caretta; 21/06/2012.
Tortuga completa, se procedi a su limpieza estando an fresca. Todos los huesos se
lavaron con leja con la excepcin del crneo. Muchos huesos se conservan con sus
uniones.
Complete specimen. Cleaning with sodium hypoclorite except the skull. Many bones
with cartilage.
44 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Los trabajos con el ejemplar de Physe-
ter macrocephalus se realizaron gracias a
la ayuda proporcionada por la empresa
adjudicataria de las primeras obras del
vertedero de Santa Catalina.
Los trabajos de limpieza preliminar se
realizaron en el propio pudridero gra-
cias a que pudimos llevar agua hasta
el terreno.
The works on the sperm whale spec-
imen were done thanks to the as-
sistance of the enterprise in charge
of the building works on Santa Cat-
alina waste site.
First cleaning works were headed
in our site of Santa Catalina, as
we were able to bring water to the
site.
Imagen en la que se observa la parte final del crneo
The image shows the end of the skull
2013 - ALIDRISIA 45
El esqueleto est ordenado para comenzar con la fase de limpieza preliminar
Skeleton in order and ready to start with the preliminary cleaning
Primera fase de la limpieza de los huesos
First phase of the bones cleaning
46 ALIDRISIA - 2013
La base de datos. Al ser consultable
a travs de la pgina web del Museo
del Mar (www.museodelmarceuta.
com), aqu solamente vamos a incluir
los datos listados de los esqueletos tra-
bajados durante este ciclo.
The database. As the database can
be consulted in the site (www.mu-
seodelmarceuta.com), we only in-
clude the listed data along the 2011
and 2012.
B
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2013 - ALIDRISIA 47
6
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.
48 ALIDRISIA - 2013
1
4
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7
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56 ALIDRISIA - 2013
A SURVEY OF THE NECROPSIES PRACTISED
ON TWO MAMMALS BELONGING TO THE
SPECIES BALAENOPTERA ACUTOROSTRATA AND
STENELLA COERULEOALBA.
Sonsoles Carretero Lpez
Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Consejera de Sanidad, Salud y Consumo. Ciudad
Autnoma de Ceuta.
scarretero@ceuta.es Corresponding e-mail.
Key words: infection processes, parasites, undernourishment.
Abstract. The analysis performed on
two cetacean corps (B. acutorrostrata
and S. coeruleoalba) showed infection
processes in the lungs, with a clear
affection in the kidneys, in addition
the parasitic increasing is a fact in
both cases. Both corps presented
clear sings of undernourishment but
especially evident in the case of the
Minke whale
Resumen. Las necropsias
llevadas a cabo en dos ejemplares
de cetceos pertenecientes a
las especies B. acutorrostrata
y S. coeruleoalba muestran un
proceso de infeccin que ataca
principalmente a los pulmones y
que tiene un reflejo muy evidente
en los riones y en la proliferacin
de parsitos platelmintos. Ambos
cuerpos presentan claros signos de
desnutricin, que son especialmente
evidentes en el caso del cuerpo del
rorcual aliblanco.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 57
Introduction. The convention be-
tween the Animal Health Service and
the Fundacin Museo del Mar de
Ceuta forces to recover the marine
tetrapods stranded corps and promotes
the veterinarian studies on these spe-
cies. Along 2012, two necropsies were
performed, both on marine mammals
belonging to the species Balaenoptera
acutorostrata and Stenella coeruleoalba. The
two mammals were affected by a com-
mon illness with a chronic process that
weaken the body systems and impeded
to feed properly, both animals present
empty stomachs and different fat levels.
During the realization of the ne-
cropsies, the access to all the or-
gans is very important, but the
high weight exhibit by those spe-
cimens (specially the Minke whale)
made difficult the corps movement
and manipulation. The anamnesis
of these species found in the sea
or stranded in a beach or rocky
coast is not easy but we can take
into account the date of the year,
the migrations through the Strait
of Gibraltar, and the presence of
storm or rough weather or fishery
interaction wounds in the bodies.
Material and methods. Necropsies
are scientific procedures to identify the
corps and the death cause. To make
clear the death causes, we had to fol-
low a standard procedure, in order to
achieve the routines that make easy to
detect any difference observed in the
analized corps. Both individuals were
morphologically evaluated including a
photographic report. It is important to
study the length, malformations, sex,
age, teething, fat levels, stomach con-
tent, injuries, and putrefaction level.
The necropsies begin with a longi-
tudinal incision in the ventral zone
to get access to the abdominal cavity
and check the stomach content. Next
analysis is conducted towards the tis-
sues coloration, fat levels, and scares.
Fat level is crucial, especially to remark
the nutritional state of the animal be-
fore death. Later, the focus is on the
urogenital system in order to look for
parasitic cysts. Finally, the necropsy
continues to the thorax cavity and
evaluates the kidneys and the lungs, as
most of cetaceans at the end of their
life present lung pathological process
(see Garca de los Ros y Ocaa, 2006).
Samples fixed in formalin from cysts,
kidneys and lungs are usual in our
necropsies.
The proper material for necropsies is
assembled in a medical suitcase with
different scalpel, knifes and forceps.
We follow the protocol about tech-
niques for a post-mortem diagnostic,
necropsy and sample gathering from
Dra. Hfle (1). The techniques of bod-
ies opening are personal variations of
Virchow method (2).
Results and discussion. A speci-
men belonged to the species B. acu-
torostrata (Minke whale) was found
among the nets of an Almadraba
(tunny nets) located in the south bay.
It was an adult female of 4 meters
length, very thin with no scares or
injuries on the skin. Natural open-
ing did not show any pathological
signs, ayes in good conditions as well
58 ALIDRISIA - 2013
as mammals and the baleen. Axial
skeleton and pectoral waists strong-
ly accentuated due to the general
undernourishment showed by the
specimen. Indeed the specimen had
not fed during many days. We cannot
check the liver but possibly the fat
reserves were diminished. Once we
started with the necropsy the most
important observations were: there
are not parasitic cysts, muscular fi-
bres are in good order and without
fat; lymphatic ganglions were swelled
as a consequence of a systemic infec-
tion disease; the stomach was empty;
the lungs presented ear inside, so
the death was not produced due a
drowning, lung tissues showed white
nodules (1-3 mm diameter) but not
purulent; it is possible a case of in-
terstitial pneumonia although we
can observe fibrin macroscopically.
The specimen was affected by a chron-
ic pneumonia (possibly with viral ori-
gin and secondary bacterial infection)
increased by the undernourishment
and general weaken shown by the ani-
mal. Finally, she let herself died in the
Almadraba.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 59
The other specimen analysed was a
Stripped Dolphin (Stenella coeureoalba)
recovered from the sea in excellent
conditions to perform a necropsy. It
was an adult female with mammals
opening without anomalies. The teeth
were worn-out showing the old age of
the specimen. The specimen did not
present slimness; remarkably, the spec-
imen presented a rare malformation in
the right flipper that it will be studied
from the point of view of the osteol-
ogy. Along the necropsy we observed:
white cysts with 2 cm diameter (pos-
sibly Plerocercoides as the last stadia
of Phyllobothrium sp.), perhaps as a con-
sequence of a serious general weaken;
the stomach is empty; oedema have
been observed in the kidneys with
yellow-orange substance and grease
texture, looks like a chronic infectious
process in the renal system; lungs are
complete congested with whitish nod-
ules that can be observed through the
pleura, many nodules are observed
remarking a possibly advanced pneu-
monia affecting all the lung tissues.
The specimen presented several of its
organs (mostly lungs and kidneys) seri-
ously affected by a severe pneumonia
and the kidneys presented infestation
by parasitic.
Bibliography. GARCA DE LOS ROS, A. Y
O. OCAA, 2006. Cetceos de Ceuta y reas
prximas. Septem Nostra Ed. 150pp., Ceuta.
(1) http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necropsia
(2)https://sites.google.com/site/autopsiasnecropsias/4-3-diferencias-
entre-la-autopsia-y-la-necropsia; Fundacin Mdica-Jurdica. RESUMEN
SOBRE AUTOPSIAS, HISTORIA, PROCEDIMIENTOS, TECNICAS, TIPOS,
EXHUMACIONES. PARTICIPACIN DEL EQUIPO EN CATASTROFES. IMPORTANCIA
DEL ESTUDIO ODONTOLGICO.[sitio en internet]. Disponible en: www.
fundacionmedicajuri.org.ar/archivo/AUTOPSIAS-RESUMEN.doc. [Citado 25
de Mayo de 2009; Revista Electrnica de la Autopsia. GENERALIDADES SOBRE
LAS AUTOPSIAS. [sitio en internet]. Disponible en: http://rea.uninet.edu/
index.php/ejautopsy/article/view/30/30. [Citado 25 de Mayo de 2009].
60 ALIDRISIA - 2013
THE STRANDING IN THE CANARIES AND ITS
SCIENTIFIC AND DIVULGATIVE APPLICATIONS
Manuel L. Carrillo Prez
Canarias Conservacin (C/ Maya n 8. 4D 38202. La Laguna. Tenerife)
info@canariasconservacion.org Corresponding e-mail.
www.canariasconservacion.org Website.
Abstract. Along this paper we ana-
lyse the species of cetaceans stranded
in the Canary Islands and the reasons
of such phenomenon. Natural causes,
but also important anthropogenic im-
pacts, are searched to conclude about
the necessity of a conservation policy
in order to prevent as much maritime
accidents as possible to protect the
cetaceans diversity. In addition, not
only the scientific study but also the
increasing of our aesthetic sensibility
is crucial to preserve the marine di-
versity in our oceans and seas.
Resumen. A lo largo de este artculo
las especies de cetceos de Canarias
son analizadas desde la perspectiva de
los varamientos. Las causas naturales
de las muertes de estas especies en Ca-
narias tienen un mayor peso, pero por
otra parte los casos de muertes por
interacciones con el ser humano es
un hecho bien contrastado que arras-
tra a un buen nmero de ejemplares
a la muerte. Por ltimo resulta inte-
resante destacar el magnfico trabajo
de divulgacin e investigacin que
suponen los montajes de osamentas
de grandes cetceos, y que est cons-
tituyendo una de las referencias de la
conservacin marina en Canarias en
los ltimos tiempos a la vez que est
generando un producto turstico muy
interesante y alentador.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 61
Introduction. From 1980, it is well
known that those cetaceans annually
stranded in the coasts are an important
resource of biological and ecological
information (UNEP, 1984). As a con-
sequence of this fact, several scientific
institutions have taken systematic pro-
grams to study the stranded cetaceans.
The importance of such programs can
be followed in two main aspects: all the
opportunistic biological data linked
to the reproduction, growing, feed-
ing behaviour; and also the informa-
tion related to the mortality factors as
predators, parasites, pathological affec-
tions and anthropogenic interactions.
Furthermore, the stranded specimens
provide additional information about
the size, morphology and colouration
of the species associated to a geographi-
cal area (Martn, V y M. Carrillo, 1992).
In the Canaries, there are some bib-
liographic references about ancient
stranding (see Viera y Clavijo, 1799),
but our actual knowledge about biolo-
gy, ecology and cetaceans distribution
is widest due to the study program for
stranded cetaceans promoted by the
Canary Island Government. Along
these years, other institutions (Cabil-
dos Insulares, SECAC: Society for the
cetaceans study, TENECON: Tenerife
Conservacin, and the Veterinarian
Faculty, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
University, have been adding up to the
program. This stranded net helps to
develop a public conscience on behalf
of the cetaceans conservation, joined
to a real implication in the stranding
assistance and notification.
The information of more than 1000
cases of stranded corps shows a real
view of the species wealth, frequency
and distribution along the Archipela-
go. Furthermore, the relative stranding
frequencies allows defining them as
rare, common or casual and also pick-
ing up population changes or anoma-
lous situation.
Esculturas de la Naturaleza is a so-
cial, cultural and scientific project
which major goal is to show the skel-
eton of big whales, stranded because
different causes, in a public space.
The Canaries experience proves the
collaboration among artists, biolo-
gists, diverse professionals and public
administrations, and it makes possible
that the stranding of a big cetacean is
more than just a resource of scientific
information, but also a tool for educa-
tional and conservation purposes. For
researches, the project offer the oppor-
tunity to study the skeletal structure of
big marine mammals, meanwhile the
artists have the challenge to integrate
nature, art and landscape.
Methodology. We follow the
methodology from the stranded Eu-
ropean (ECS, 1991) and Canary Is-
lands nets. According to it an active
stranding is when the animal arrived
to the shore still alive, and passive
stranding when the animal is dead
and the corps arrived passively to
the coast. Individual stranding only
involves a specimen, occasionally a
female with its calves, meanwhile in
a massive stranding there are two
or more cetaceans involves (Arbelo,
2007).
62 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Results and discussion. From 1990
till now 30 species of cetacean have
been recorded in the Canaries, five
of them are rare, four only have been
sighted with no stranding (Vonk, R y V.
Martn, 1988; Martn et al 1990; Mar-
tn, V y M. Carrillo, 1992; Martn et al
1992, 1995; Ritter y Brederlau, 1998;
Lpez Jurado, L. F, et al 1998; Carrillo,
M. et al 1998; Carrillo, M y V. Martn
1999; Aguilar, N. 1999; Carrillo, M. et
al 2010; Martn, V. 2012;). Table 1.
TABLE I. Cetaceans recorded in the Canary Islands
Species Common name (Spanish)
Common name
(English)
Present in
the Canaries
Balaenoptera acutorostrata rorcual aliblanco minke whale Occasional
Balaenoptera borealis rorcual norteo sei whale Occasional
Balaenoptera edeni rorcual tropical Brydes whale Common
Balaenoptera musculus ballena azul blue whale Rare
Balaenoptera physalus rorcual comn fn whale Common
Delphinus delphis delfn comn common dolphin Common
Eubalaena glacialis ballena franca northern right whale Rare
Feressa atenuata orca pigmea pygmy killer whale Rare
Globicephala
macrorhynchus
caldern tropical short-fnned pilot whale Common
Globicephala melas caldern comn long-fnned pilot whale Rare
Grampus griseus caldern gris Rissos dolphin Common
Hyperoodon ampullatus caldern de hocico boreal northern botlenose whale Rare
Kogia breviceps cachalote pigmeo pygmy sperm whale Occasional
Kogia sima cachalote enano dwarf sperm whale Occasional
Lagenodelphis hosei delfn de Fraser Frasers dolphin Occasional
Megaptera novaeangliae yubarta humpback whale Occasional
Mesoplodon bidens zifo de Sowerbys Sowerbys beaked whale Rare
Mesoplodon densirostris zifo de Blainville Blainvilles beaked whale Common
Mesoplodon europaeus zifo de Gervais Gervaiss beaked whale Common
Mesoplodon mirus zifo de True Trues beaked whale Rare
Orcinus orca orca killer whale Occasional
Phocoena phocaena marsopa harbour porpoise Rare
Physeter macrocephalus cachalote sperm whale Common
Pseudorca crassidens orca bastarda false killer whale Occasional
Stenella coeruleoalba delfn listado striped dolphin Common
Stenella frontalis delfn moteado del Atlntco Atlantc spoted dolphin Common
Stenella longirostris delfn acrbata spiner dolphin Rare
Steno bredanensis delfn de dientes rugosos rough-toothed dolphin Common
Tursiops truncatus delfn mular botlenose Dolphin Common
Ziphius cavirostris zifo de Cuvier Cuviers beaked whale Common
2013 - ALIDRISIA 63 2011- ALIDRISIA 63
The stranding is caused by diverse
factors, and we rarely find just one
cause to explain the phenomenon.
This makes very difficult to know the
final reason of the animal decease
in a certain way. Meanwhile, most
of the stranded corps present an
advanced putrefaction stage, which
makes even more difficult to search
about the decease causes. Among
the natural reasons of the stranding
are climatic conditions, escape from
predators, consumption of toxic
plankton, alterations in the magnetic
field of the Earth, but mainly because
mortal diseases. Anthropogenic
causes should leave certain signs in
the cetaceans skin like net marks,
injuries, embolism or some stomach
residues that can be linked with the
human activities. Medical studies
conducted on 233 cetaceans stranding
in the Canaries coasts between 1999
and 2005 proves that 62.32% of the
cases were due to natural causes,
meanwhile 33.33% were linked with
human activities (fishery interaction,
boat collisions, military operations or
stomach residues (Arbelo, 2007). The
most important cases of stranding
because military activities have
been taken place at Lanzarote and
Fuerteventura islands from 1985
(Vonk, R y V. Martn, 1989; Martn, V y
M. Carrillo 1992; Martn, V et al 2004),
although the case that came to the
mass media happened in 2002. This
caused in the cetaceans an embolism
similar to a decompression accident
in divers. It is possibly that the use
of medium frequency sonar was
the main cause of the pathological
problem with the Zifidae family (A.
Fernndez et al. 2004, 2005, 2006;
Arbelo, M. 2007).
From 1999 the increase of maritime
traffic and high-speed boats made
the situation change deeply, and
important wounds in the corps and
even sectioned corps linked with
boat collisions were recorded by the
stranded nets in the Canaries (Aguilar
et al. 2000, Herrera et al 2000; Carrillo,
M. 2007; Arbelo, M, 2007; Carrillo &
Ritter 2008; Carrillo, M. 2010). The
collision risks are only possible once
the marine mammal is breathing or
resting in the surface. If there are
coincidences between cetaceans
concentrations for feeding and
reproduction purposes mainly and
maritime routes, the collisions are
frequent and they put at risk to some
populations. As a normal consequence,
the Canaries Government, with the
information provided by Las Palmas
de Gran Canaria University, SECAC
and TENECON is working in a
action plan in relation to this special
areas with intense maritime traffic
and important presence of cetaceans
(Tregenza et al. 2000, 2002). Between
2000 and 2008 there are 423
stranding recorded but only 11 cases
are in relation to the boat collision,
7 species are affected by this impact,
45% of the cases the species Physeter
macrocephalus is involved. According
to this, some tips can be suggested
to prevent the accidents: a) increasing
the technological means in order to
detect the presence of cetaceans; b)
appropriate knowledge about Sperm
whale populations in the problematic
routes; c) developping a sighting net
inside the boats among maritime
companies, universities and ONGs; d)
improving means to recover floating
corps in the sea.
64 ALIDRISIA - 2013 2011- ALIDRISIA 64
As a consequence of the stranding
nets organized in the Canaries
and particularly the TENECON
experience, an interesting project
named Senda de los Cetceos
and supported by Cabildo de
Fuerteventura and Consejera de
Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de
Canarias was promoted. Nowadays,
in Fuerteventura Island there are
emblematic locations to exhibit the
whales skeletons. Other experiences
with stranded material have been
culminated, with the educational
purposes, in exhibitions organized
in the MCC (Museo de Cetceos
de Canarias), Museo de Ciencias
Naturales de S/C de Tenerife and
Museu de Cincies Naturals de
Barcelona, this one with an added
historic value, as it was exhibited a
corp stranded in 1862.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 65
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Almera. Nota de Prensa Informe patolgico
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HERRERA, R, CARRILLO, M and V. MARTN.
2000. El trco martimo y su implicacin en
la conservacin de los Cetceos en las Islas
Canarias. Revista Medio Ambiente Canarias,
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Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.
Gobierno de Canarias. 2009. Activities on
cetaceans carried out by the Canary Islands
Government in 2008 and review of historic data
records of cetaceans and ship strikes in the Canary
Islands. Paper IWC/61/CC16. presented to the IWC
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LPEZ JURADO, L.F and M. CARRILLO.1998.
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(Mesoplodon densirostris) pregnant female
in the Canary Islands. World Marine Mammal
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MARTN. V., R. VONK. S. ESCORZA and R.
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whale (Mesoplodon europaeus) on the Canary
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(Eds: P.G.H. Evans). Proc. IV annual Conference
of The European Cetacean Society. Palma de
Mallorca. Espaa
MARTN, V & M. CARRILLO. 1992. Programa de
estudio de los cetceos varados en Canarias.
Direccin General del Medio Ambiente y
Conservacin de la Naturaleza. Consejera
de Poltica Territorial. Gobierno de Canarias.
Informe tcnico. pp.68
MARTN V., MONTERO, R., HEIMLICH-BORAN,
J. and HEIMLICH-BORAN, S. 1992 Preliminary
observations on the cetacean fauna of the
Canary Islands. In Evans P.G.H. et al. (ed.)
European Research on Cetaceans 6. Proceedings
of the Sixth Annual Conference of the European
Cetacean Society, San Remo, Italy. Cambridge:
European Cetacean Society, pp. 6165.
MARTN, V., M. CARRILLO, M. ANDR and V.
HERNNDEZ. 1995. Records of cetaceans
stranded on the Canary Islands coast from 1992
to 1994. International Council for Exploration
of the Sea. Marine Mammals Committe. CM
1995/N:9.
MARTN V., IANI V. and SCHWEIKERT, F. (1998)
Cetacean sighted in the Canary Islands during
the Caremex Expedition (JanuaryApril 1997).
World Marine Mammal Science Conference,
Monaco, 2024 January, 1998.
MARTN, V., SERVIDIO, A. and GARCA, S. 2004.
Mass strandings of beaked whales in the Canary
Islands. In: Evans, P.G. H. and Miller, L. A. (Eds.).
Proceedings of the Workshop on Active Sonar
and Cetaceans. European Cetacean Society
Newsletter, No. 42 (Special Issue), pp. 33-36
MARTN, V. 2012. Informe sobre la importancia
de los cetceos del oriente de las islas de
Lanzarote y Fuerteventura. Sociedad para el
estudio de los cetceos en el Archipielago
Canario. pp 36.
RITTER F. and BREDERLAU B. (1998) First report
of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)
frequenting the Canary Islands waters. World
Marine Mammal Science Conference, Monaco,
2024.January, 1998
TREGENZA, N, AGUILAR, N., CARRILLO, M.,
DELGADO, I., DAZ, F, BRITO, A. and MARTN, V.
2000. Potential Impact of fast ferries on whale
populations a simple model with examples
from the Canary Islands. European Research on
Cetaceans, 2000. 14:195-197.
TREGENZA, N., AGUILAR, N., CARRILLO, M.,
DELEGADO, I., and DAZ, F. 2002 .Collisions
between fast ferries and whales in the Canary
Islands: observational data and theoretical
limits. IWC Scientic Committee. SC/54/BC4 7pp.
UNED (United Nations Environment Programe).
1984. Marine mammals: Draft global plan of
action and nancial plan.
VIERA Y CLAVIJO, J. de (1799-1810/1982):
Diccionario de Historia Natural de las Islas
Canarias. ndice alfabtico descriptivo de sus
tres reinos: animal, vegetal y mineral. En M.
Alvar (ed.). Mancomunidad de Cabildos de Las
Palmas. Madrid.
VONK, R & V. MARTN, 1988. Firs list of
Odontocetes from the Canary Islands, 1980-
1987. Proceedings of the II annual conference
of the European Cetacean Society, Setubal.
Portugal. Pp.31-33
VONK, R & V. MARTN, 1989 Goose-beaked
whales Ziphius cavirostris mass strandings
in the Canary Islands. Proceedings of the III
annual conference of the European Cetacean
Society, La Rochelle, Francia.
68 ALIDRISIA - 2013
FRASERS DOLPHIN: AN UNUSUAL SPECIES
Manuel L. Carrillo Prez
Canarias Conservacin (C/ Maya n 8. 4D 38202. La Laguna. Tenerife)
info@canariasconservacion.org Corresponding e-mail.
www.canariasconservacion.org Website.
Introduction. The Frasers Dol-
phin is included in the Spanish Ma-
rine Catalogue of threatened species
(Real Decreto 139/2011). It is a rare
species with a not well-known biol-
ogy and in Spain it has only been re-
corded at the Canaries. The scientific
history about this dolphin begins in
1950 when Francis Fraser curator in
the British Natural History Museum
realizes about the differences among
some skeletons from Borneo. Fraser
described a new genus and species,
Lagenodelphis hosei, with intermedi-
ate characters between the genera
Lagenorhynchus and Delpinus. It is a
bit amazing that since Frasers de-
scription in 1956 the species was ig-
nored by the science till 1973 when
a group of marine mammals experts
rediscover the species in the tropical
Pacific and South Africa (see Perrin
et al., 1973). Later, the species was re-
corded in Japan (Miyazaki and Wada,
1978) and the Northwest Atlantic
(Caldwell et al., 1976; Leatherwood et
2013 - ALIDRISIA 69
al., 1976). In the Northeast Atlantic,
the species was recorded at Senegal
(Perrin and Werebeek, 2012) and Ca-
nary Islands (Martn y Carrillo, 1992;
Martn et al., 1995; Carrillo et al., 2010
and Carrillo, 2012). There is also
some stranding off their normal area
of geographical distribution (North-
east of France and Scotland coasts)
due to atypical oceanographic phe-
nomenon. On the base of the scarce
sightings and stranding it looks like
that the species is mainly distributed
in the tropical and subtropical wa-
ters along the world, showing prefer-
ence by deep waters (Jefferson et al.,
1993).
Lagenodelphis hosei is a robust species
that reach 2,7 meters and a weight
of 210 kg. (see Jefferson et al., 1993).
The distinct character is the small
face and pectoral flippers. The teeth
can reach 38 till 45 and also 36 to
44 in each hemi-jaw (Lucero et al.,
2009).
70 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Results and discussion. In the Ca-
naries, the presence of Frasers Dol-
phin is known since 1992 (see Martn,
et al., 1995) by a stranded corps. How-
ever it was in 2010 when we observed
a group in Tenerife Island. This day we
were looking for a whale in the boat
Chaxiraxi but it was not successful
and we decided to try in deeper wa-
ters. Later we observed the unmistak-
able movement in the surface that
remarks the dolphins occurrence al-
though it was not the typical behav-
iour of other dolphin species we know
from the Canaries. The dolphins were
in a compact group, in the distance
the dolphins could not be identified
properly and we decided to go towards
them till the permitted distant of 60
meters (Real Decreto 1727/2007) un-
til finally the dolphins were recognize
properly, they are Frasers dolphins.
A big group of more than 200 dol-
phins with adults, juveniles grouped
and also females with their calves. Af-
2013 - ALIDRISIA 71
ter the analysis of more than 300 im-
ages we can describe the colour: grey
is a general colour of the specimens
with two remarkably stripes started in
the skull along the dorsal region; there
is a wide black stripe that reach the
anus and the other greyish less evident
above the other. This last stripe may
be linked with the develop stages in
the specimens and it looks like spe-
cially marked in the adult males. In
these specimens with the black stripe,
it was observed a black patch covering
the ocular region towards the pectoral
waist. In the ventral region the species
shows the colours pale, even the rose
colour was detected. The haws tips
were black.
Since the sighting moment we did not
talk much, just the time to control the
boat and time was passing very fast
during two hours, after this we had the
opportunity to see the big group swing
near shore (200 meters deep) till they
change the course to deeper waters.
72 ALIDRISIA - 2013
2013 - ALIDRISIA 73
74 ALIDRISIA - 2013
CALDWELL,D.K., M.C. CALDWELL and R.V.
WALKER. 1976. First records for Frasers dolphin
(Lagenodelphis hosei) in the Atlantic and the
melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra)
in the western Atlantic. Cetology 25: 4 pp.
CARRILLO, M., C. PREZ-VALLAZA and R.
LVAREZ-VZQUEZ. 2010. Cetacean diversity
and distribution o Tenerife (Canary Islands).
Marine Biodiversity Records, page 1 of 9. #
Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom, Vol. 3. 9p
CARRILLO M. 2012. La conservacin de cetceos
y manates en la regin occidental africana.
Cetaceans in the Eastern Central Atlantic
Ocean; diversity and threats faced in the
Macaronesia Islands. In Western African talks
on cetaceans and their habitats. 1620 October
2007. Adeje, Tenerife, Spain. Convention on
the Conservation of Migratory Species of
Wild Animals. United Nations Environment
Programme. Bonn, Alemania. Serie tcnica de
la CMS N 26
ELLIS, R. 1989. Dolphins and Porpoises. Borzoi
Book. Alfred A. Knopf. New York :270 p.
JEFFERSON, T.A., S. LEATHERWOOD, and M.A.
WEBBER. 1993. FAO Species identication
Guide- Marine Mammals of the world. Roma.
FAO. 320 p.
LEATHERWOOD, S., D.K. CALDWELL and H.E.
WINN. 1976. Whales, Dolphins and Porpoise
of the Western North Atlantic: A guide to their
identication. NOAA Technical Report NMFS
CIRC-396.
LUCERO, S.O., M.R. BUONO, H. P. CASTELLO y M.
JUNIN. 2009. Anlisis osteolgico de ejemplares
delfn de Fraser (Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser,
1956) provenientes de la costa de la provincia
de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Revista de Biologa
Marina y Oceanografa 44(1): 23-34.
MARTIN, V. & M. CARRILLO. 1992. Programa
de estudio de cetceos varados en Canarias.
Informe tcnico. Macarotecnia S.L. - Gobierno
de Canarias.
MARTN, V., M. CARRILLO, M. ANDR and V.
HERNNDEZ. 1995. Records of cetaceans
stranded on the Canary Islands coast from 1992
to 1994. International Council for Exploration
of the Sea. Marine Mammals Committe. CM
1995/N:9.
MIYAZAKI, N., and S. WADA. 1978. Frasers
dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei in the western
North Pacic. Sci. Reports Whales Research
Institute. Tokyo. 30:231-234
PERRIN, W.F, P.B. BEST, W.H. DAWBIN, K.C.
BALCOMB, R. GAMBELL, and G.J.B. ROSS. 1973.
Rediscovery of Fraser`s dolphin Lagenodelphis
hosei. Nature 241 (5388): 345-350 pp.
PERRIN, W y K. VAN WAEREBEEK. 2012. La fauna
de pequeos cetceos de la costa oeste africana
y la Macaronesia: diversidad y distribucin.
La conservacin de cetceos y manates en la
regin occidental africana. Serie tcnica de la
CMS N 26
REAL DECRETO 139/2011. Listado de Especies
Silvestres en Rgimen de Proteccin Especial y
del Catlogo Espaol de Especies Amenazadas.
BOE n 46 de 23 de febrero de 2011.
REAL DECRETO 1727/2007, de 21 de
diciembre, por el que se establecen medidas
de proteccin de los cetceos. BOE n 11 de 12
de enero de 2008.
Bibliography
2013 - ALIDRISIA 75
THE STUDY OF A SKULL COLLECTION OF THE
SPECIES CARETTA CARETTA AND ITS RELATION
TO THE ENVIRONMENT STRESS
Oscar Ocaa Vicente and Juan Antonio Rosa
Fundacin Museo del Mar de Ceuta (Muelle Caonero Dato s/n, 51001 Ceuta,
North Africa, Spain)
direccion@museodelmarceuta.com Corresponding e-mail.
http://www.museodelmarceuta.com Website.
Abstract. The preliminary data in-
cluded in the paper confirm that the
Caretta caretta corps stranded at the
Ceuta region have different origins.
The data show differences between
specimens, and it is possible to dis-
tinguish three general groups on the
base of the skull width. The numeri-
cal results show, as a consequence
of the carapace measurements (see
Ocaa et al., 2005), that most of the
studied samples belong to adult pop-
ulations. Some other qualitative and
also biometrical differences among
the skulls may explain certain trends
of the skull development related to
the frontal, parietal and postorbital
bones. The sharp morphology of
the frontal bone is the major ten-
dency, meanwhile only some of the
specimens analysed present a blunt
morphology. This is a character also
found in the species Lepidochelys
kempi, which is the most similar to
76 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Resumen. Los datos preliminares
incluidos en el presente artculo indi-
can que los especmenes de la especie
Caretta caretta analizados pueden tener
diferentes procedencias geogrficas.
Los datos biomtricos indican tres
grupos generales relacionados con el
desarrollo somtico y la edad de los
individuos, y son consistentes con lo
esperado en una muestra de pobla-
cin adulta (ver Ocaa et al., 2005).
Otras caractersticas cualitativas ms
sutiles pueden explicar algunas ten-
dencias morfolgicas en los huesos
frontal, parietal y post-orbital. Una de
las conclusiones de nuestro estudio es
que el hueso frontal es mayoritaria-
mente puntiagudo mientras que solo
algunos ejemplares lo presentan con
forma roma. La presencia de esta l-
tima caracterstica es compartida con
la especie Lepidochelys kempi que es, por
otra parte, la especie de tortuga marina
ms cercana a Caretta caretta (ver Prit-
chard, 1997). Las huellas estudiadas en
los huesos son buenos marcadores de
estrs (fracturas debido a antiguas in-
jurias) para comprender algunos de los
impactos contra las tortugas marinas y
as poder desarrollar planes de accin
para ayudar a la conservacin de las
poblaciones en nuestra regin. Las
lesiones analizadas por nosotros pa-
recen producidas por accidentes debi-
dos a colisiones con pequeos barcos
mientras las tortugas estn flotando y
solendose o incluso durmiendo en
superficie.
Caretta caretta (see Pritchard, 1997).
The bony traces may be useful stress
markers (fractures due to old in-
juries) to understand some of the
impacts suffered by marine turtles
and to take action on behalf of a
better management and conserva-
tion of Caretta caretta populations.
These injuries seem to be like ac-
cidental facts, as possible collisions
with small boats meanwhile the tur-
tles were floating in the sea surface
resting and heating up by the sun or
even sleeping.
Introduction. The bones collection
of Caretta caretta stored in the Mu-
seum of the Sea is one of the most
important collections indexed around
the world. The amount of skeletons
is a good sample of the Alboran
Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar Log-
gerhead turtle population. We start
this quantitative and qualitative pre-
liminary study on the Caretta caretta
skulls trying to find up morphologi-
cal differences among specimens and
also searching for evidences on the
natural history of the stranded corps.
The preliminary data included in the
paper confirm that there are different
geographical precedence of the Caret-
ta caretta corps stranded at the Ceuta
region. Although our main argument
makes differences based on some
skulls, most of them are homogene-
ous in their morphological features.
The bony traces may be useful to un-
derstand some of the impacts against
marine turtles and to take action on a
better management and conservation
of Caretta caretta.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 77
Material and methods. Marine
turtle skeletons have been collect-
ed along many years thanks to the
marine tetrapods stranded project
headed by Septem Nostra - Ecol-
ogistas en Accin de Ceuta (see
memoire of the cetaceans and ma-
rine turtles stranded at Ceuta, Ocaa
et al., 2010). The update data can be
consulted in the Museo del Mar
web (www.museodelmarceuta.com)
and also in the second volume of
Alidrisia marina (see Ocaa, Prez-
Rivera y Rosa, 2011). Skull measure-
ments have been gathered following
the three main axes (see fig. 1); we
follow Wyneken (2001) to study the
bones generalities. We also include
all those qualitative characteristics
observed in the skulls, with images
of the most interested differences
among the specimens.
Fig. 1: The drawings show the main measurements taken in our study.
There are not many treatises on the
marine turtles skeleton, so we en-
joy including in our contribution
some original drawings that show
the main bones of the loggerhead
turtle.
78 ALIDRISIA - 2013
2013 - ALIDRISIA 79
Fig. 2. Skull drawings showing the different bones of Caretta caretta, on the base of the specimen (R. O. 10A).
80 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Specimen (R.O. 10 A)
SKULL BONES
N SPANISH ENGLISH
1 Premaxilar Premaxilla
2 Maxilar Maxilla
3 Yugal (Zygomatic) Jugal
4 Postorbital Postorbital
5 Parietal Parietal
6 Hueso cuadratoyugal Quadratojugal bone
7 Cuadratal Quadrate
8 Canal Auditivo Auditory canal
9 Orbita Orbit
10 Hueso escamoso Squamosal bone
11 Supraoccipital Supraoccipital
12 Frontal Frontal
13 Prefrontal Prefrontal
14 Nares externas External Nares
15 Nares internas Internal Nares
16 Palatino Palatine
17 Pterigoideo Pterygoid
18 Proceso pterigoides Pterygoid processes
19 Basiesfenoideo Basisphenoid
20 Vmer Vomer
21 Opistotic Opisthotic
22 Exoccipital Exoccipital
23 Prootic Prootic
24 Basioccipital Basioccipital
HAW BONES
25 Dentario Dentary
26 Prearticular Prearticular
27 Ranura de Meckel Meckelian groove
28 Angular Angular
29 Surangular Surangular
30 Articular Articular
2013 - ALIDRISIA 81
Results and Discussion. Quantita-
tive and qualitative analysis. We stud-
ied 36 loggerhead skulls and its main
measurements included in the table
below. The data show differences be-
tween specimens and it is possible to
distinguish three general groups on
the base of the skull width: 61% never
surpass 10 centimetres in width; 33%
always surpass 10 centimetres in width
and 5.5% below 8 centimetres in
width. In relation to the skull height,
16% surpass 10 centimetres; 47% be-
low 10 centimetres and 38% below 9
centimetres. In relation to the length,
16% reach 15 centimetres or more;
30.5% surpass 14 but never reach 15
centimetres and 52.7% below 14 cen-
timetres.
The numerical results show that as a
consequence of the carapace measure-
ments (see Ocaa et al., 2005) most of
the studied samples belong to adult
populations. However, the biometric
differences are insufficient to state
consistent trends under the light or
our knowledge on Caretta caretta.
Although the presence of different
populations with diverse geographi-
cal origin is well corroborated and re-
marked by the encounter of specimens
from the Atlantic and the Mediterra-
nean (see Camias, 2006). Meanwhile,
the transatlantic travels of specimens of
Caretta caretta are well accepted (Musick
and Limpus, 1997; Cejudo et al., 2006).
According to this, Caretta caretta popu-
lations originated in different spots of
Western African coast (see Fretey, 2001;
Varo Cruz, 2010), together with oth-
ers from the American coasts or even
from the Eastern Mediterranean, could
reach our region following the feed-
ing patterns (and also others migratory
possibilities, as reproduction reasons)
described in relation to a main pray in
the context of North African coast (see
Ocaa et al., 2005).
SKULL MEASUREMENTS (cm)
WIDTH HIGH LENGTH
SKULL-01 10,48 9,55 15,21
SKULL-02 10,17 7,50 13,76
SKULL-03 10,14 9,60 14,10
SKULL-04 9,74 8,50 14,40
SKULL-05 9,35 9,00 13,93
SKULL-06 9,89 9,50 13,94
SKULL -07 9,12 8,80 13,43
SKULL -08 10,18 10,10 14,48
SKULL -09 9,46 8,60 13,73
SKULL -10 9,50 9,30 13,06
SKULL -11 9,17 8,85 13,36
SKULL -12 10,13 8,80 14,39
SKULL -13 9,35 8,65 13,45
82 ALIDRISIA - 2013
SKULL -14 9,88 9,30 13,70
SKULL -15 9,37 9,25 13,44
SKULL -16 10,42 10,45 15,05
SKULL -17 10,27 10,25 15,29
SKULL -18 11,26 10,95 15,13
SKULL -19 9,96 9,05 14,41
SKULL -20 8,65 7,65 12,39
SKULL -21 9,48 9,25 12,68
SKULL -22 9,80 9,35 14,36
SKULL -23 9,50 8,35 13,58
SKULL -24 9,33 9,35 13,00
SKULL -25 10,49 9,95 14,59
SKULL -26 9,25 7,60 14,28
SKULL -27 8,47 8,45 11,66
SKULL -28 9,68 8,80 13,87
SKULL -29 9,94 8,85 14,67
SKULL -30 9,36 9,40 13,76
SKULL -31 10,36 10,50 16,50
SKULL -32 9,86 9,55 13,29
SKULL -33 9,86 9,60 14,29
SKULL -34 11,03 10,45 15,00
SKULL -35 10,50 9,70 14,67
SKULL -36 9,32 9,50 13,80
2013 - ALIDRISIA 83
Other finer qualitative and also
biometrical differences among the
skulls may explain certain trends
of the skull development related to
the frontal, parietal and postorbital
bones. The sharp morphology of
the frontal bone is the major ten-
dency, meanwhile only some of the
analysed specimens presents a blunt
morphology (see fig bellow).
The frontal blunt morphology con-
curs with the species Lepidochelys
kempi (see Wyneken, 2001:10, fig.
27b) that is the most similar to Caret-
ta caretta (see Pritchard, 1997).
Sharp morphology in the below and blunt on top.
84 ALIDRISIA - 2013
The hybrids of marine turtles are a
well-known phenomenon among the
genera Caretta, Chelonya, Eretmochelys
and Lepidochelys (Ann Lpez et al.,
2008). Although all the bones differ-
ences found in the analysed skull col-
lection, the contact among maxilla
bones is the main character to distin-
guish Caretta caretta from other ma-
rine turtle species (see fig 2; Wykenen,
2001; Pritchard, 1997).
The morphological differences found
in the frontal bone may show differ-
ent genetic origin among the Caretta
caretta populations from North Africa:
most of the specimens with the sharp
frontal bone belong to one origin cen-
tre and a few with a blunt frontal also
may belong to a different origin centre.
This hypothesis only can be confirmed
or rejected after searched much more
quantity of skulls not only from our
region but also from Eastern Mediter-
ranean, other areas of West Africa and
the Caribbean. Indeed, we cannot dis-
miss that these bones differences be-
long to the normal genetic and mor-
phological variability of the species
without any link with the isolation of
populations and its diverse origins.
Stress markers: 5. 5% of the sample
(only two specimens) present some
scares located in the parietal and
postorbital bones that remarks the
presence of fractures due to old
injuries.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 85
These injuries seems like accidental
facts as a possible collision with small
boats meanwhile the turtles were
floating in the sea surface resting and
heating up by the sun or even sleeping.
Nevertheless, this kind of behaviour is
common in spring and summer (Oc-
aa et al., 2005 and 2009). Attending
to the number of analysed specimens,
it does not seem to be a usual accident
(Ocaa et al., in prep.). So this finding is
interesting and relevant in relation to
the Caretta caretta conservation in our
region, and some action plan should
be taking into account to prevent acci-
dents. Some measures related to boats
speed in several littoral areas would be
desirable to prevent negative impacts
against the marine turtles, especially
in the case of Loggerhead turtle. The
increase of the maritime traffic should
raise the negative impacts to marine
turtles, but due to the general absence
of skeleton collections in other muse-
ums it is not possible to observe the
traces of such injuries. Furthermore,
the specimens generally survive after
the accident, but living with the trau-
matisms, as the cases showed in this
article. In other regions, as the case of
the Canaries, skull injuries are much
more severe and in any ways are linked
with the fishermen actions against the
marine turtles once they are trapped
in their arts: nets and long lines (P. Cal-
abuig com. pers.). Meanwhile, Torrent
(2002) found that more than the 20%
of the Loggerhead turtles stranded and
analysed medically presented trauma-
tisms in relation to boat crashes.
86 ALIDRISIA - 2013
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Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano. Revista de
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Bibliography
DE LO MECNICO A LO ORGNICO:
La revelacin de la
naturaleza
Jos Manuel Prez Rivera
Septem Nostra-Ecologistas en Accin de Ceuta
FROM THE MECHANICAL TO THE ORGANIC:
Natures
revelation
2013- ALIDRISIA 87
88 ALIDRISIA - 2013
El eterno debate entre mecanicis-
mo y organicismo se ha librado
en multitud de escenarios distin-
tos. El arte es uno de ellos, ya sea
en la arquitectura, en la pintura,
en la escultura o en cualquier otro
tipo de manifestacin artstica.
Los arquitectos orgnicos, desde
Frank Lloyd Wright hasta el ca-
taln Antoni Gaud, -tal y como
estudi Lewis Mumford-, se han
inspirado en las mltiples y varia-
das formas en la que se manifiesta
la vida. Este ltimo, como buen
mediterrneo, no poda dejar de
verse influido por la exuberancia
del mar y de las criaturas que la
habitan. Buscando la naturaleza
marina entre el amplio repertorio
estilstico de Gaud hemos descu-
bierto la presencia de recreacio-
nes de esqueletos y otras formas
anatmicas de tortugas marinas y
cetceos en la fachada y en el inte-
rior de algunas de sus ms cono-
cidas obras como la Casa Battl.
No en todas las ciudades la genia-
lidad de arquitectos de la talla de
Gaud han podido hacer frente
al imparable empuje de la arqui-
tectura mecanicista. En Ceuta, lo
maquinal ha dominado la arqui-
tectura y, excepto algunos escasos,
aunque valiosos, artistas locales,
el mar apenas si ha impregnado
el alma de los creadores ceutes.
Hecho singular y sorprendente
teniendo en cuenta que el mar es
omnipresente en la naturaleza de
Ceuta y ha formado parte de su
origen, de su pasado y, sin duda,
est destinado a seguir siendo
parte indisociable de su futuro.
The never-ending discussion between
mechanicism and organicism has tak-
en place in many different scenes, and
art is one of them: architecture, paint-
ing, sculpture or any other artistic
display. The organic architects, from
Frank Lloyd Wright to the Catalonian
Antonio Gaud, -as Lewis Mumford
studied and wrote about-, have found
inspiration in the assorted and nu-
merous shapes life provides. This last
artist, Gaud, as a Mediterranean man,
was obviously influenced by the seas
exuberance and also by the creatures
that dwell in the sea. While search-
ing among the wide range of Gaudi
designs, we found out that skeletons
and other anatomical parts from ceta-
R
e
s
u
m
e
n
Abstract
Traduccin
Francisca Serris Benavente
Revisin de la traduccin
Beln Trabucchelli Garca-Agustn
Dibujos
Juan Antonio Rosa Montes
2013 - ALIDRISIA 89
D
espus de mucho pensar y
mucho leer he llegado a la
conclusin de que uno de los
asuntos claves en la humanidad y en
su modo de organizacin como so-
ciedad es el eterno conficto entre la
visin mecnica y la visin orgnica
de la existencia humana y todo lo que
con ella se relaciona. La primera de las
visiones se relaciona con la mquina,
la segunda con la naturaleza. Duran-
te buena parte de la historia la cos-
movisin orgnica fue la dominante.
Cundo surge la mquina?. Para dar
respuesta a esta cuestin no hay ms
que leer con atencin los trabajos de
Lewis Mumford, en especial sus dos
volmenes del Mito de la Mquina.
Pero no solo este libro, el estudio de
la oposicin entre organicismo y me-
canicismo fue el leit motiv de toda su
extensa obra. Consciente de que el
maquinismo empez a surgir a la par
de las primeras concentraciones hu-
manas, mostr un gran inters por las
ciudades y la cultura que ella genera a
partir del sinecismo. El anlisis del
hecho urbano dio lugar a algunas de
sus obras ms conocidas como La
cultura de las ciudades, Perspecti-
vas Urbanas o la considerada su obra
maestra, La ciudad en la historia.
F
rom many refections and
readings, I have concluded
that one of the key matters,
both for individuals and social organ-
ization, is the eternal confict among
the mechanical and organic views of
human beings and everything related
to that. The frst of these views is
related to the machine, and the sec-
ond one to nature. During most of
our history, the organic view was
dominant, but when did the machine
appear? To answer this question, we
only need to read very attentively
Lewis Mumfords writings, specially
the Myth of the Machine. He de-
voted his writing efforts to studying
the opposition between the machine
and the organic. He was conscious
that mechanicism appeared along
frst humans settlements, and was
also was interested in the cities and
cultures developed in a process of
synekism. Some of his best known
writings tackle the analysis of urban-
ism, such as The Urban Prospect or
what is considered to be his master-
piece, The City in History (1961).
Mumfords concerns were not
limited to cities, seen as the prevail-
ing manifestation of human interac-
ceans and marine turtles are present
in the facades and inner decoration of
some of his more famous buildings,
such as the Casa Battl.
Rarely has the geniality of architects
such as Gaud been able to stop the
determination of the mechanical ar-
chitecture in some cities. In Ceuta,
the mechanical view has motivated
the architecture as a rule and, ex-
cept for some specific and valuable
local artists, it seems that the sea has
not touched the soul of local artists.
This is an amazing and surprising
fact if we take into account that
the sea is always present in Ceuta
nature and it has been part of its
origin, past and, without a doubt, it
will be of its future.
90 ALIDRISIA - 2013
La preocupacin de Mumford no
se detuvo en las ciudades como forma
predominante de interaccin humana,
sino que tambin abord la transfor-
macin que la mquina est provocan-
do en la parte interna del ser humano.
Este fue el hilo conductor de algunas
de las obras que conforman su serie
La renovacin de la vida. Adems
de la citada Cultura de las ciudades
formaron parte de esta serie Tcnica
y civilizacin (1934), La condicin
del hombre (1944) y La conducta de
la vida (1951). Es apreciable que en
el desarrollo secuencial de esta serie se
aprecia una mayor preocupacin por
la parte subjetiva del hombre, aquella
precisamente que la mquina fue des-
plazando y arrinconando. Esto explica
que la ltima obra de esta serie, La
conducta de la vida, fuera la ms
existencial, si me permiten el trmi-
no, y tambin la ms profunda. Quiz
esto explica que sea la menos atendida
y considerada. No es de extraar, dada
la actual superfcialidad a la que ha
llegado el hombre, que sea la menos
reconocida y apreciada. Esto le produ-
jo una gran desazn a Mumford que
vea como sus obras segn ganaban en
profundidad, perdan en lectores. Cla-
ramente consciente de esta situacin
lleg a decir, segn recoge su bigrafo
Miller, que libros como La condicin
del hombre est pensado para el fu-
turo y que los lectores de su poca no
llegaran a valorarlo. Y qu razn te-
na!. El futuro ya est aqu, y las sabias
palabras de Mumford resuenan en
nuestra mente y nuestro corazn con
toda su potencia.
Si hay algo que caracteriza a los
grandes pensadores que ha dado la
humanidad es su capacidad de antici-
tion, but he also dealt with how the
machine brings about changes in hu-
man beings inner self. This subject
matter was the leitmotiv of some
writings included in his Renewal of
Life series. This series comprises
the following titles: Technics and
Civilization (1934), The Culture
of Cities (1938), The Condition
of Man (1944) and The Conduct
of Life (1951).
In the sequential development ap-
proach of this series, it can be noticed
an ever-increasing concern with the
subjective side of human beings, pre-
cisely the one the machine had been
displacing and laying aside. This ex-
plains the fact that the last title of the
series, The Conduct of Life, is the
deepest and most existential - if I
am allowed to use this word. It also
explains why this volume has been
the least liked and worst regarded of
the series, which caused Mumford
a high uneasiness, realizing that the
deeper his writings, the least inter-
est they aroused. Highly conscious
about it, he stated, as his biographer
Miller mentions, that books such as
The Condition of Man were aimed
for the future, since readers of his
time would never value them. And
so right he was! The future is here,
and Mumfords wise words resound
in our minds and hearts with all their
strength.
If there is something that distin-
guishes the greatest thinkers in human
history is their anticipatory capaci-
ties, as refected in The Conduct of
Life. According to this lucid writer:
a view of the future is necessary to
do justice, in the proper order, to im-
2013 - ALIDRISIA 91
pacin. Mumford plasm por escrito
esta idea en su obra La conducta de
la vida. Segn este lcido pensador,
la visin de futuro es necesaria para
hacer justicia, en el orden correcto, a
los bienes inmediatos y anticipar sus
posibles consecuencias. Pero no fue
el nico que goz de esta extraordina-
ria capacidad. Antes que l, otros au-
tores que el mismo cit en La condi-
cin del hombre: Blake, Ruskin, Ar-
nold, Emerson, Whitman, Thoreau,
Melville, Dickens, Howells, Hugo,
Zola, Mazzini, Tolstoy, Dostoievski,
Ibsen, denunciaron los resultados
que para el ser humano han tenido el
proceso de mecanizacin y conquista
fsica. Como una sola voz, protestaron
contra los sacrifcios y brutalidades in-
humanas, los groseros materialismo, el
craso olvido de la personalidad huma-
na. Dentro de sus contemporneos
slo hubo, a nuestro entender, dos
autores, por otra parte ntimos amigos
de Mumford, que llegaron a la profun-
didad de este gigante del pensamiento.
Nos referimos a Roderick Steinberg y
Waldo Frank. El destino de los tres ha
seguido el mismo rumbo: el olvido y la
marginacin dentro del proceloso m-
bito del academicismo. Un mbito que
los autores citados coincidan en su
comn recelo. Y no le faltan motivos.
El crculo de amistad de Mumford
incluy a algunos de los ms rele-
vantes intelectuales y artistas de su
tiempo. El inters de Mumford por
la arquitectura, de la que se convirti
en un reputado crtico, le llev a en-
tablar amistad con el gran arquitecto
Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright, fue el
culminador y mximo exponente de
la llamada arquitectura orgnica. Las
bases de este movimiento arquitect-
mediate goods and to anticipate their
probable consequences. But he was
not the only one with this ability. Be-
fore him, other authors he mentioned
in The Condition of Man- Blake,
Ruskin, Arnold, Emerson, Whitman,
Thoreau, Melville, Dickens, Howells,
Hugo, Zola, Mazzini, Tolstoy, Dos-
toyevsky, Ibsen - denounced the re-
sults the process of mechanization
and physical conquest had had for hu-
manity. As one voice, they complained
against inhuman sacrifces and bru-
talities, gross materialisms, the crass
oblivion of human personality. In our
opinion, among his contemporaries
there were only two authors, also his
friends, who reached the depth of this
great thinker, namely Roderick Stein-
berg and Waldo Frank. The destiny
of the three thinkers has followed the
same course: the three of them have
been marginalized and forgotten by
academicism. In fact, the three au-
thors were suspicious of academicism
and they did not lack reasons for it.
Mumfords friend circle included
some the most outstanding intellectu-
als and artists of his time. Mumfords
interest on architecture, on which he
became an expert, led him to become
friends with the great architect Frank
Lloyd Wright. Wright was the top au-
thority on the so called organic archi-
tecture, a movement frst established
by Louis Sullivan for whom Wright
had worked as a chief draftsman. The
so-called Fukuyama of architecture
coined the term organic architecture:
And here I am before you, preaching organic
architecture, declaring that organic architec-
ture is the modern ideal and the necessary
teaching if we want to see the whole of life,
and serve the whole of life now, without any
92 ALIDRISIA - 2013
nico las puso Louis Sullivan, en cuyo
estudio se form el propio Wright. El
llamado Fukuyama de la arquitectu-
ra, nos ha legado una defnicin del
concepto de arquitectura orgnica
que el mismo acu: Y aqu estoy ante
ustedes predicando la arquitectura orgnica,
declarando que la arquitectura orgnica es
el ideal moderno y la enseanza tan necesa-
ria si queremos ver el conjunto de la vida,
y servir ahora al conjunto de la vida, sin
anteponer ninguna tradicin a la gran
TRADICIN. No exaltando ninguna
forma fja sobre nosotros, sea pasada, pre-
sente o futura, sino exaltando las sencillas
leyes del sentido comn o del super-senti-
do, si ustedes lo preferen que determina
la forma por medio de la naturaleza de los
materiales, de la naturaleza del propsito...
La forma sigue a la funcin? S, pero lo
que importa ms ahora es que la forma y
la funcin son una. Wright, Frank Lloyd
(marzo de 2008). El Futuro de la Arqui-
tectura (3 edicin). Apstrofe. pp. 194-195.
Coetneo de Wright, pero al otro
lado del atlntico, el arquitecto Alvar
Aalto ahond en la necesidad de que
la arquitectura incluyera las necesida-
des ms elevadas del ser humano. En
el apartado que la Wikipedia dedica
a la arquitectura orgnica, se recoge
un fragmento de un artculo de Alvar
Aalto que lleva el sugerente ttulo de
La Humanizacin de la Arquitectu-
ra. The Technology Review: pp. 14-16.
Dice as: La arquitectura es un fenmeno
sinttico que incluye prcticamente todos los
campos de la actividad humana... En el lti-
mo decenio, la arquitectura moderna ha sido
funcional principalmente bajo el aspecto tc-
nico, subrayando sobre todo el punto de vista
econmico de la actividad constructiva. Esto
ha sido indudablemente til para la produc-
cin de alojamientos para el hombre, pero ha
being set above the great TRADITION.
Not exalting any fxed form upon us, wheth-
er it is from the past, present or future, but
exalting the simple rules of common sense
or super-sense, if you prefer it- that determine
the form by means of the nature of the mate-
rials, the nature of the purpose Does form
follow function? Yes, but the most important
thing now is that form and function are one.
(Wright, Frank Lloyd (March, 2008).
The Future of Architecture (3rd edi-
tion). Apostroph. pp. 194-195)
In the other part of the Atlantic,
the architect Alvar Aalto, Wrights
contemporary, believed architecture
should include human beings highest
necessities. In Wikipedia, in the chap-
ter devoted to organic architecture, it is
included an Alvar Aaltos article with
the suggestive title The Humaniza-
tion of Architecture. The Techonology
Review: pp. 14-16. It says: architecture is
a synthetic phenomenon including almost eve-
ry human activity During the last decade,
modern architecture has been functional tech-
nically speaking, mainly emphasizing eco-
nomic aspects. This has been obviously useful
in order to produce dwellings for people, but
it has become a too expensive process if we
take into account the necessity to satisfy other
human necessities Technical functionalism
cannot claim to be all architecture If it
were possible to develop architecture step by
step, starting with the economic and techni-
cal aspects, and later resuming with the most
complex human functions, then the approach
of technical functionalism would be accept-
able. But this is impossible. Architecture
does not only cover the feld of every human
activity, but it also has to be simultaneously
developed in all those felds. If it do not do it
this way, we only will have shallow and uni-
lateral results Instead of fghting the ra-
tionalist mentality, the new phase of modern
2013 - ALIDRISIA 93
constituido un proceso demasiado costoso, si se
considera la necesidad de satisfacer otras exi-
gencias humanas... El funcionalismo tcnico
no puede pretender ser toda la arquitectura...
Si se pudiera desarrollar la arquitectura paso
a paso, comenzando por el aspecto econmi-
co y tcnico, y continuando despus con las
funciones humanas ms complejas, entonces el
planteamiento del funcionalismo tcnico sera
aceptable. Pero esto es imposible. La arqui-
tectura no slo cubre todos los campos de la
actividad humana, sino que debe ser tambin
desarrollada simultneamente en todos esos
campos. Si no, tendremos slo resultados uni-
laterales y superfciales... En lugar de comba-
tir la mentalidad racionalista, la nueva fase
de la arquitectura moderna trata de proyectar
los mtodos racionales desde el plano tcnico
al campo humano... La presente fase de la
arquitectura es, sin duda, nueva y tiene la
precisa fnalidad de resolver problemas en el
campo psicolgico....
Sin abandonar la defnicin que
de la arquitectura orgnica recoge la
wikipedia, tenemos que referirnos a
la Carta Gaia para la arquitectura y
el diseo rganicos, elaborada por
David Pearson. Para este terico de la
architecture tries to project rational methods
from the technical level to human territory.
The present phase of architecture is, with no
doubt, new and has the clear purpose of solv-
ing psychological problems (Free inter-
pretation of the Spanish translation).
We also have to refer to David
Pearson and his writing New Organ-
ic Architecture: The Breaking Wave.
He proposed a list with rules for ar-
chitecture and organic design: to be
inspired by nature and to be sustainable,
healthy and diverse; to reveal, as an organ-
ism, the inner part of the seed; to exist in
the present continuous tense and to start re-
peatedly; to follow the stream and be fexible
and versatile; to satisfy social, physical and
spiritual necessities; to grow out of the place
and to be unique; to celebrate youth, to play
and surprise it.
Having reached this point, some
readers would question what this has
to do with the marine tetrapods and
turtles. What are the reasons to in-
clude this paper in a scientifc journal?
We think there are excellent reasons
for doing so. We frst realized it in
Casa de la Cascada (Frank Lloyd Wright), Pensilvania EE.UU.
Fallingwater (Frank Lloyd Wright), Pensilvania, USA.
94 ALIDRISIA - 2013
arquitectura, el diseo orgnico debe
cumplir una serie de condiciones: ser
inspirado por la naturaleza y ser sostenible,
sano, conservativo, y diverso; revelar, como un
organismo, el interior de la semilla; existir en
el presente continuo y comenzar repetidas ve-
ces; seguir los fujos y ser fexible y adaptable;
satisfacer las necesidades sociales, fsicas, y del
espritu; crecer fuera del sitio y ser nico; y
por ltimo, celebrar la juventud, jugar y sor-
prenderla.
Llegados a este punto muchos se
preguntarn que tiene que ver todo
esto que les vengo contando con el es-
tudio de los tetrpodos y las tortugas
marinas. Qu pinta un artculo de esta
ndole en una revista cientfca?. Pues
es ms de lo que en principio podra-
mos suponer. Nosotros vimos clara la
relacin cuando en el ao 2011 acogi-
mos en Ceuta, y en la sede del Museo
del Mar, el VIII Encuentro de Defen-
sa del Patrimonio Cultural. El primer
da de trabajo nos quedamos sorpren-
didos cuando el prestigioso arquitecto
Salvador Tarrag se hincaba literal-
mente de rodillas en el suelo para con-
templar con curiosidad y entusiasmo
el esqueleto de un ejemplar de ziphio
de cuvier y un rorcual aliblanco. Tuvo
una experiencia que podemos califcar
de revelacin. La contemplacin de
los huesos de estos cetceos le abri
una nueva perspectiva de cognicin.
Tal y como comenta Waldo Frank en
El redescubrimiento del hombre, la
apreciacin del sentido de la belleza
en la naturaleza es la ms comn de
las articulaciones del conocimiento del
hombre ms all de la funcin.
Pero, Qu fue exactamente lo
que descubri al ver estos esqueletos?
Qu conexin estableci con su am-
2011 when, in Ceutas Museum of the
Sea, we hosted the VIII meeting for
the defense of the Cultural Heritage.
The frst working day of the meeting,
we were very surprised by the great
architect Salvador Tarrag, who lit-
erally went down his knees gazing at
the cetaceans skeletons with great
curiosity and enthusiasm. At the mo-
ment he had a revealing experience.
The contemplation of these skeletons
provided him a new perspective of
cognition. As Waldo Frank writes in
Rediscovery of Man (1958), the
appreciation of the sense of beauty
in nature is the most common of the
representation of mens knowledge
beyond the function.
But, what did he discover when
he saw the skeletons? What connec-
tion did he fnd with his wide knowl-
edge on architecture? As an expert
on Antoni Gaud, Tarrag mentally
related the cetaceans ribs to the col-
umns of some of Gaudis buildings.
The greatest organic architect in Spain
is well known for taking direct inspi-
ration from natural forms and struc-
tures. The Catalonian architect put
into practise the plastic possibilities of
forms created by natural life.
Eduardo Daniel Quiroga and
Eduardo Alberto Salomn wrote
Gaud: Mechanics and Forms in Na-
ture (available in internet: http://
www.monografias.com/trabajos21/
antoni-gaudi/antoni-gaudi.shtml). In
the description of Gaudis style char-
acteristics and his inspirations, both
authors explain that the architect was,
from an early age, an attentive observ-
er of nature. His continuous trekking
around Catalonian landscapes would
2013 - ALIDRISIA 95
plio conocimiento de la arquitectura,
a partir de su yo csmico?. Como ex-
perto en Antonio Gaud, Tarrag re-
lacion mentalmente las costillas de
estos animales con las columnas que
sirven de armazn a algunas de las
obras arquitectnicas del ms impor-
tante arquitecto orgnico que ha dado
nuestro pas. La obra de Gaud, si por
algo se caracteriza y se diferencia, es
por la inspiracin directa que encuen-
tra con las formas y estructuras de la
naturaleza. El clebre arquitecto cata-
ln llev a cabo un uso genial de las
posibilidades plsticas de las formas
que crea la vida natural.
give him a huge knowledge of the re-
gion, but they also would allow him to
know the inner architecture of things,
so they served as a perfect model to
imitate to solve any structural prob-
lem. In the Sagrada Familia, in Barce-
lona, he was inspired by the organic
shape of trees to design the inner col-
umns and also to organize the distri-
bution as if it were a section of a tree
with its concentric rings. Once he was
questioned about its inspiration to de-
sign his main architectonic works, his
answer was: () do you want to know
where I have found my ideal? A tree holds
its branches, branches hold their stems and
Fachada Casa Batll (Gaud),
Barcelona
Facade Batll house (Gaud),
Barcelona
96 ALIDRISIA - 2013
En un trabajo de Eduardo Daniel
Quiroga y Eduardo Alberto Salomn,
Gaud: mecnica y forma de la natu-
raleza (disponible en internet: http://
www.monografias.com/trabajos21/antoni-
gaudi/antoni-gaudi.shtml), ambos autores,
al describir las caracterstica del estilo
de Gaud y sus fuentes de inspiracin
relatan como este arquitecto fue desde
su infancia un atento observador de la
naturaleza. Sus continuas excursiones
por las tierras catalanas, adems de do-
tarle de un conocimiento de su regin,
le permitieron conocer la arquitectu-
ra interna de las cosas y le sirvieron
como modelo perfecto de imitar para
resolver cualquier tema constructivo.
En la Sagrada Familia, sin ir ms lejos,
se inspir en la forma orgnica de los
rboles para disear las columnas de
stems hold their leaves. Each part grows in
harmony, sublime since the artist God con-
ceived it.
Deepening into Gaudis legacy and his
close connection with nature, the researcher
Cristina Villanueva-Meyer, published in
the number 27 of the journal Galenus, a
brief article, Nature as Inspiration in Ar-
chitecture. The Example of Antoni Gaud
(1852-1926). She remarks that many of
the forms found in Gaudis works were in-
spired by nature, for instance by the forms
of stems or bones. He used to say that there
is no better structure than a tree trunk or
a human skeleton. To complete and elabo-
rate on this idea, Juan Bassegoga, Gauds
biographer, proposes the following refection
on his work: () he noticed that architects
only designed forms that were possible to be
Fachada Casa Batll (Gaud), Barcelona
Facade Batll house (Gaud), Barcelona
2013 - ALIDRISIA 97
su interior y organizar su distribucin
de modo concentrada, como si fuera
el tronco de un rbol. Cuando en cier-
ta ocasin le preguntaron a Gaud en
qu se haba inspirado para el diseo
de su principal obra arquitectnica,
respondi: ....quieren saber donde he en-
contrado mi ideal?... un rbol en pie sostiene
sus ramas, stas sus tallos y stas las hojas.
Cada parte aislada crece en armona, subli-
me desde que el artista Dios la concibi .
Ahondado en la fgura de Gaud y
su estrecha relacin con la naturaleza,
la investigadora Cristina Villanueva-
Meyer, public en el nmero 27 de
la revista Galenus, un breve artculo
titulado La naturaleza como inspi-
racin en la arquitectura. El ejemplo
de Antonio Gaud (1852-1926), en el
que comenta que muchas de las crea-
ciones de Gaud las encontr en las
formas de las caas o de los huesos.
Deca que no existe mejor estructura
que un tronco de rbol o un esqueleto
humano. Completando y ampliando
esta idea, Juan Bassegoga, bigrafo
de Gaud hace la siguiente refexin
sobre su obra: ...Se haba apercibido de
que los arquitectos slo usan la formas que
previamente pueden dibujar con dos instru-
mentos, que son la escuadra y el comps. A lo
largo de toda la historia de la arquitectura las
formas de los edifcios han sido hijas de estos
dos simples instrumentos, que permiten dibu-
jar crculos, tringulos, cuadrados o rectngu-
los, que en el espacio se convierten en prismas,
pirmides, cilindros y esferas que dan lugar a
los pilares, las cubiertas, las columnas y las
cpulas.
... vio claramente que estas formas
geomtricas simples rara vez se dan en la Na-
turaleza, que, por otra parte, construye exce-
lentes estructuras, acreditadas por los largos
drawn with a square and a compass. Along
the whole architecture history, the forms of
the buildings have been produced by these
two simple tools, which allow circles, trian-
gles, squares, and rectangles to be drawn, and
which, in space, become prisms, pyramids, cyl-
inders and spheres which result in columns,
roofs and cupules. () he clearly realized
that all these simple geometrical forms are
rarely present in nature, which, on the other
hand, builds excellent structures, as centuries
of effciency give prove of. The structure of a
tree has a rare perfection, much more complex
and better fnished than the structures created
by architects. There cannot be any doubt that
the mammal skeleton is extraordinarily
effcient and it solves stability and mobility
tasks in an admirable way. (Fragment
from http://maestrogaudi.blogspot.
com.es/).
Looking for specifc references for
Gaudis inspiration in the anatomy
of marine mammals, we have found
out a commentary in the offcial web
site of the Battl house in which it
is pointed out that the catenary arcs
of the building and the space among
them remind of an animals thoracic
cavity, maybe a whales, maybe Saint
Jordi dragon.
The sea as an inspiration for the
design and decoration of the Batll
house is even more obvious in the
main faade of the building. In the
opinion of Alberto Rodrguez Sosa
and others (Rodrguez, A. et all,
2008), Gaud aimed to represent the
shape of the Mediterranean Seas
waves or even the shape of Mont-
serrat Mountain in the faade. The
frst possibility is the most common-
ly acknowledged, since not only the
ceramics resemble the sea, but also
98 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Fachada Casa Batll (Gaud), Barcelona
Facade Batll house (Gaud), Barcelona
2013 - ALIDRISIA 99
the sea is present in many inner and
external details. Among the details
we would like to comment on the
shape of the balconies. Until now,
most interpretations of the Batll
house see those balconies as having
the shape of a mask or a skull. From
our point of view, both interpreta-
tions are close to the object, which
inspired Gaud for the balconies, but
they have not found out the right
solution. Each of the views is right,
seeing a skull and seeing a mask.
More a mask than a skull, specif-
cally the loggerhead sea turtle (sci-
entifcally known as Caretta Caretta).
Anyone familiar with this turtles
anatomy wont have any problem in
matching the balcony shape with the
skull of the Loggerhead turtle, the
most common tetrapod in the Medi-
terranean. It is also possible that
the name caretta comes from the
turtles skull shape and especially
from the morpholgy of its eyeball,
which resembles the opening for the
eyes in a mask or eye mask.
Once we have interpreted that
balconies are in the shape of the skull
of Caretta caretta, on a facade which
mirrors the sea surface, we think
we have been able to identify some
other osteological elements that have
an extraordinary resemblance with a
Caretta carettas anatomy. If we fo-
cus our sight on the central piece of
the superior line of the second foor
(fg), every detail seems to point
to a representation of a vertebra of
the same species of marine turtle. To
its right and left there are representa-
tions of not very well defned bones
and over them is the frst rib of the
Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coria-
siglos de efcacia. La estructura de un rbol
es de una rara perfeccin, mucho ms comple-
ja y bien resuelta que las estructuras creadas
por los arquitectos. No se puede dudar que el
esqueleto de los mamferos es extraordinaria-
mente efcaz y resuelve los problemas con es-
tabilidad y motilidad de manera admirable.
(fragmento extrado de http://maestro-
gaudi.blogspot.com.es/).
En la bsqueda de referencias con-
cretas a la inspiracin que pudo en-
contrar Gaud en la anatoma de ma-
mferos marinos hemos encontrado
un comentario en la pgina web ofcial
de la casa Battl en la que apuntan que
los arcos catenarios de esta viviendas
y el espacio que conforma recuerda
a la caja torcica de un animal, quizs
una ballena, quizs el dragn de Sant
Jordi.
El mar como fuente de inspiracin
en el diseo y decoracin de la casa Ba-
ttl es an ms notoria en la fachada
principal del edifcio. En el estudio de
este singular inmueble realizado por
Alberto Rodrguez Sosa y otros (Rodr-
guez, A et alli, 2008), se comenta que
Gaud buscaba dar a la fachada la for-
ma del oleaje del Mar Mediterrneo o
bien de la montaa de Montserrat. La
primera posibilidad es la ms comn-
mente aceptada, ya que no es slo el re-
cubrimiento cermico el que recuerda
el mar, sino que ste est presente en
otros detalles de su interior y exterior.
Entre estos detalles queremos detener-
nos en la interpretacin de la forma de
los balcones. Hasta ahora, la mayor par-
te de quienes se han dedicado al anlisis
de la casa Battl ha querido ver en estos
balcones la forma de un antifaz o un
crneo. Desde nuestro punto de vista,
ambas interpretaciones se acercan a la
100 ALIDRISIA - 2013
correcta identifcacin del objeto en
el que se inspir Gaud para el diseo
de los balcones, aunque no han logra-
do encontrar la solucin correcta. Tie-
nen razn quienes ven en los balcones
un crneo y al mismo tiempo quienes
identifcan un antifaz. Bueno, ms bien
una careta, concretamente una Caretta
caretta, conocida con el nombre vulgar
de Tortuga Boba. Cualquiera que este
familiarizado con la anatoma de esta
especie de tortuga marina no tendra
difcultad en relacionar la forma de los
balcones con el crneo de este tetrpo-
dos marino, el ms habitual en el Me-
diterrneo. El apelativo precisamente
de caretta es posible que provenga de
la forma de su crneo y, en especial,
de la morfologa del hueco ocular que
recuerda a la abertura para los ojos de
una careta o antifaz.
cea). The shoulder blades are repre-
sented in each side of the colonnade
in the central balconies of the frst
foor (image right). Even some de-
tails observed in the low side of these
shoulder blades representation seem
to resemble its elbows (image right).
There is another fascinating similar-
ity with the osteological structure of
the Logerhead turtle in the decora-
tion of the line that separates the fa-
ade and the roof. An attentive and
trained look, used to the anatomy of
Logerhead turtles, soon fnds out the
Loggerheads spinal column, a chain
of ribs where the roof ends. The
roof has an unquestionable ichthyo-
logical, not reptilian, morphology,
which has usually been interpreted as
being in the shape of a dragons skin.
It could be possible for it to be the
Comparacin de los balcones de la Casa Batll con una vrtebra cervical de una tortuga de la especie Caretta caretta.
Comparison among Batll house balconies with a vertebra of Caretta caretta.
2013 - ALIDRISIA 101
A partir de la novedosa interpreta-
cin de los balcones como crneos de
tortugas bobas, -que se asoman sobre
una fachada inspirada en la superfcie
marina-, nos ha parecido identifcar
otros elementos osteolgicos con una
extraordinaria similitud a la anatoma
de una Caretta caretta. Si nos fjamos
en la pieza central de la lnea superior
del segundo piso (imagen anterior),
todo parece indicar que se trata de
una vrtebra de la misma especie de
tortuga marina. Incluso detalles ob-
servables en el extremo inferior de
este elemento guardan una parecido
razonable con el cndilo que presen-
tan las vrtebras de la Caretta caretta
(imagen anterior). Otra extraordinaria
similitud con la estructura osteolgica
de una tortuga boba es la decoracin
del borde que marca la separacin de
highest tribute to the marine turtles,
the turning of a turtle into a dragon.
Our interpretation of Gaudis
Batll House design as mirroring the
anatomy of a Caretta caretta is not only
based on our interpretation of the bal-
conies as forming a C. Carettas skull-
like shape, the main part of the faade
being rib-shaped or even the border
of the roof resembling the turtles
column, but it is supported by infor-
mation provided by the offcial web
site of the Batll House, in the chap-
ter devoted to the description of the
main foor which is described as: the
entrance hall evokes in the visitors mind
Captain Nemos underwater caves, with sky-
lights which look like turtles shells, vaulted
walls in curving shapes and a spectacular
staircase.
Comparacin de un detalle de la Casa Batll con el homplato de una tortuga de la especie Caretta caretta.
Comparison of a detail of Batll house with the shoulder blade of Caretta caretta.
102 ALIDRISIA - 2013
Marine references in Gaudis de-
signs are not limited to the Batll
House. In the also well-known Mil
House, we can see again how the
great Catalonian architect was in-
spired by the sea for the decoration.
The balconies, made of wrought
iron, look like marine algae; the
doors and windows are swept by
sea waves leaving signs of drops,
sea stars, algae, jellyfshes and whirl-
pools; some waves breaking against
the faade have left marine motifs
- such as shells, sea stars and octo-
pus printed on ceramic foor tiles.
Nowadays those tiles decorate the
Paseo de Gracia in Barcelona.
In the history of architecture, it
is diffcult to fnd a personality such
as Gauds. Among many other fac-
tors, his geniality comes from the
inspiration he drew from nature.
His mental, spiritual and sentimen-
tal connection to the Mediterranean
Sea was fully organic. He did not feel
like living apart from the surround-
ing nature. He lived in the sea, in the
mountains, as any of the animals and
plants he later took to his buildings,
both for decoration and structure de-
sign. His outer world, where Nature
was always present due to his con-
tinuous trekkings along the coastline
and in the mountains, was in interac-
tion with his creative inner world, the
result of which can be appreciated in
his work.
Antoni Gaud was an exceptional
fgure in architecture, both in Spain
and worldwide. It is surprising that
Spain, a country with such a long
coastline, has not given more organ-
ic architects to the world, those pri-
la fachada y el tejado de la casa Batt-
l. Una mirada atenta y entrenada en
estudio de la anatoma de las tortugas
bobas pronto descubre que estamos
ante una columna vertebral de esta
especie marina. Un cordn de vrte-
bras que da paso a una techumbre de
indudable morfologa ictiolgica y no
tanto de un rptil, interpretacin que
ha dado pie a identifcar el tejado de la
casa Battl como la piel de un dragn.
La propuesta que hacemos de ver
en el diseo de la casa Battl constan-
tes referencias a la anatoma de una
Caretta caretta no est slo apoyada
en la identifcacin que nosotros ha-
cemos de los balcones como crneos
de este tipo de tortuga marina, en la
vrtebra que aparece en un lugar des-
tacado del la fachada o en el borde del
tejado que guarda mucha similitud con
la columna de este tetrpodo marino,
sino que tambin fgura en la propia
pgina ofcial de la casa Battl en el
apartado correspondiente a la descrip-
cin de la planta noble del inmueble.
Al describirla dicen: la planta evo-
ca las grutas submarinas del Capitn
Nemo, con lucernarios que parecen
caparazones de tortuga.
Las referencias a temas marinos en
las obras de Gaud no se limitaron a la
Casa Battl. En la no menos conocida
Casa Mil, el genial arquitecto cataln,
vuelve a inspirarse en el mar para la
decoracin de diversos elementos del
edifcio y su entorno. Los balcones
de hierro forjado adquieren forma de
algas marinas; las puertas y ventanas
estn salpicadas por las olas del mar,
dejando improntas de gotas de agua,
estrellas de mar, algas, medusas y re-
molinos; unas olas que rompen al pie
2013 - ALIDRISIA 103
marily drawing inspiration from the
sea and its creatures. And it is even
more surprising that Gaud came
precisely from Catalonia, the frst
place in Spain to develop the me-
chanical view, which comes together
with the industrialization process.
Maybe Gauds work is not more
than a last cry from a conception of
the human being and the cosmos,
which was being marginalised by the
unstoppable force of automatism
and mechanicism.
In Ceuta, when the city started
to wake up from its long lethargy
after many centuries of been a sad
prison, the soft echo of the organi-
cism represented by Gaud was not
heard. The architects who worked
for the booming bourgeoisie at the
beginning of the XX C. were all
faithful followers of the mechani-
cist view. Many buildings inspired
on machines were built on Ceuta
streets. We have buildings that look
like a vessel (central offce of Ceuta
Port Authority), an aeroplane (Cana-
lejas n 3), an aircraft carrier (Isabel
at Cabral), but none of them shows
the evocative nature that surrounds
our city.
Unluckily, the sea has not caught
on the soul of local artists. When I
refect about this, there are only two
people who come to my mind, both
of them extraordinary and singular.
One of them is the patriarch of the
Serrn Pagn family. I still remem-
ber that when I was a child, during
my comings from and goings to San
Agustn school, I couldnt avoid
stopping in front of the window
shop of Mr Cristobal Serrns shop,
de la fachada y han dejado impresas
en las baldosas de la cermica del pa-
vimento de la calle motivos marinos
(caracolas, estrellas y pulpos). Hoy da
estas baldosas decoran el popular Pa-
seo de Gracia de Barcelona.
Es difcil encontrar en la historia de
la arquitectura una fgura similar a la
de Gaud. Su genialidad procede, entre
otros muchos factores, de la inspira-
cin que obtuvo de la naturaleza para el
diseo de su conocida obra arquitect-
nica. Su imbricacin mental, espiritual
y sentimental con el Mar Mediterrneo
fue plenamente orgnica. No se senta
un parte desgajada de la naturaleza cir-
cundante. El viva en el mar, en la mon-
taa, como uno ms de los animales y
plantas que luego llev a sus edifcios,
tanto en su decoracin como en el pro-
pio diseo de la estructura. Su mundo
de afuera, en el que la naturaleza est
siempre presente por sus continuas ex-
cursiones por las costas y bosques ca-
talanes, estaba en continua interaccin
creativa con su burbujeante mundo de
adentro, y volvi al mundo exterior a
travs de los planos de sus edifcios,
tamizados y reelaborados por su pro-
digiosa mente.
Antoni Gaud ha sido excepcional
en el contexto de la arquitectura espa-
ola y mundial. Sorprende que un pas
como Espaa, con tantos kilmetros
de litoral, no haya dado ms arquitec-
tos orgnicos que hayan encontrado
su principal fuente de inspiracin en
el mar y las criaturas que la habitan.
Sorprende todava ms que una fgura
como Gaud surgiera precisamente en
Catalua, donde la cosmovisin me-
cnica que acompa a la industria-
lizacin ech las primeras races en
104 ALIDRISIA - 2013
plenty of marine objects, on Milln
Astray street. One day I came into
the shop and was completely over-
whelmed by the huge amount of
shells, sea stars and objects made
with them. After some minutes ex-
periencing a kind of ecstasy, Mr. Ser-
rn asked me, What would you like,
boy? I searched in my pockets but
I could only fnd a couple of coins.
So, after a quick balance of the situ-
ation, I saw a glass bowl with small
dried sea horses in it, and the price
attached to them. Since I could af-
ford one, I told him I would like one
of the sea horses. And I came back
home very happy. It was not the only
time I came into his shop: with the
excuse of buying some more sea
horses, I would come back, either on
my own or with some friends.
In this article, I would also like
to mention the local artist Diego Se-
gura. Diego is a synonym of sensi-
bility, depth and sense of the whole.
His life and artistic journey has been
always linked to nature, to its shapes
and rhythms. In Ceuta he has left the
testimony of his deeper feelings on
his land and its sea, and his sculpture
of a wave welcomes everybody visit-
ing our city, as a warning that the sea
is an integral part of the town they
are visiting.
Diego Segura has dived into his
inner sea to unattainable depths.
And he has done so, free diving, in
the solitude of his home in Genicera.
His restless inner world has created
a huge wave that has dragged imag-
es and thoughts to the outer world,
thus giving way to his last exhibition,
under the evocative title The art of
el territorio hispano. Quiz todava la
obra de Gaud no sea ms que un grito
postrero de una concepcin del ser hu-
mano y del cosmos que estaba siendo
arrinconada por el imparable empuje
del mecanicismo y el automatismo.
En Ceuta, cuando la ciudad comen-
z a despertarse de su largo letargo tras
varios siglos de condena a ser un tris-
te penal, el dbil eco del organicismo
que representaban artistas como Gaud
no se escuch. Los arquitectos que se
pusieron al servicio de la pujante bur-
guesa de principios del siglo XX eran
todos feles servidores del pensamien-
to mecanicista. Nuestras calles se vie-
ron salpicadas de edifcios inspirados
en mquinas. Tenemos edifcios que
recuerdan la forma de un barco (sede
de la Autoridad Portuaria), de un avin
(Calle Canalejas n 3), de un portaa-
viones (Isabel Cabral), pero ninguno se
ha recreado en las mltiples y potentes
formas con las que la naturaleza se pre-
senta ante los ojos de los ceutes.
Desgraciadamente, el mar no ha ca-
lado, con toda la importancia que mere-
ce, el alma de los artistas locales. Cuan-
do pienso en el mar y el arte ceut solo
me vienen a la mente la imagen de dos
personas: ambas singulares y extraordi-
narias. Una de ellas fue el patriarca de
los Serrn Pagn. An recuerdo, siendo
un nio, que en mis idas y venidas al
colegio de San Agustn no poda dejar
de pararme en el escaparate de la tienda
de objetos marinos que Don Cristbal
Serrn Ortiz tena en la calle Milln
Astray. Un da me atrev a entrar para
ver su interior y me qued boquiabierto
con la cantidad de conchas, caracolas,
estrellas de mar y cuadros elaborados
con caparazones de centollos y otros
2013 - ALIDRISIA 105
El portaaviones Calle Isabel Cabral n 1 de los
hermanos Blein (Ceuta)
The aircraft carrier in number 1, Isabel St. (Ceuta)
Edificio de la Junta de obras del Puerto de Latorre y Galms (Ceuta)
Port Authority building by Latorre and Galms (Ceuta)
El avin Calle Canalejas n 3 de los hermanos Blein
(Ceuta)
The airplane in number 3, Canalejas St. (Ceuta)
106 ALIDRISIA - 2013
restos malacolgicos. Despus de unos
minutos en el que entr en una especie
de xtasis, el Sr. Serrn me dijo: Qu
deseas, hijo?. Ech mano a mi bolsillo
y no puede encontrar ms que unas
pocas monedas que no daban para mu-
cho. As que, tras un rpido balance de
mi capital, vi un recipiente de cristal en
el que se acumulaban pequeos caballi-
tos de mar disecados y una etiqueta con
un precio que se corresponda al resul-
tado del conteo de las monedas que tin-
tineaban en m bolsillo. Le dije: Den-
me un caballito de mar. Y me fui tan
contento a mi casa con mi tesoro ma-
rino. No fue el nico. Con la excusa de
la compra de los econmicos caballitos
de mar hice innumerables incursiones
en la tienda de animales marinos, slo o
acompaado de algunos amigos.
La otra persona de la que quiere
hablarles para fnalizar este artculo es
del artista ceut Diego Segura. Hablar
de Diego es sinnimo de sensibilidad,
profundidad y sentido de la totalidad.
Su camino vital y artstico ha estado
siempre vinculado a la naturaleza, a sus
formas y ritmos. En Ceuta ha quedado
como testimonio del profundo senti-
miento que le une a su patria chica y al
mar su escultura de la ola que recibe a
todos los que desembarcar en nuestra
ciudad, como aviso de que ponen pie
en un lugar en el que el mar forma par-
te indisociable de su idiosincrasia.
Diego Segura ha buceado en su
mar interior hasta cotas que pocos son
capaces de alcanzar. Lo ha hecho, ade-
ms, a pulmn y en la soledad de su
casa de Genicera. Su agitado mundo
de adentro ha formado una enorme
ola que ha arrastrado hasta el mun-
do de afuera una serie de imgenes y
seeing. What a great title for such
an amazing exhibition. And what
this art of seeing nature consist of ?
It consists of a gesture as simple as
stopping to watch nature forms for a
brief moment, activating our eyes to
see, our sense of touch to feel the air
and the cold or warmth on our skin,
our sense of smell to smell natural
fragrances. And, mainly, it consists of
activating our inner hate to listen to
that voice which almost inaudible we
emit from our soul to say that every-
thing we observe is the other side of
our forgotten inner world.
Some people rightly say that if we
want to see further we should stand
on the shoulders of those thought
giants humanity has given. Books,
though it can seem a bit strange,
have been looking for me for a long
time since they want to talk to me.
When I was preparing this article I
heard a light sound coming out of
my bookcase. I stood silently to fnd
out where that sound came from
and I could realize it came from an
old book that I had rescued from a
book orphanage topped by a sign
that read Second hand and ancient
books. In this orphanage there are
thousands of books, and when I visit
it, anyone of them always calls me for
me to pick it up and offer me one of
the messages it hides. So, I took the
book from the shelf and asked it for
its name: About the adventure. Es-
says on Aesthetics, by Georg Sim-
mel. What do you want to tell me?,
I asked and it answered, Arent you
working on an article about how ma-
rine nature has inspired art and ar-
chitecture? Yes, I am. Then go to
page 199 and read what I have to tell
2013 - ALIDRISIA 107
pensamientos que conforman su lti-
ma exposicin que lleva el sugerente
ttulo de El arte de ver. Qu gran
frase para tan magnfca muestra!. Y
en que consiste este arte de ver la na-
turaleza?. Pues en un gesto tan simple
como detenerse un instante a contem-
plar las formas de la naturaleza acti-
vando nuestros ojos para ver; nuestro
tacto para sentir el roce del aire y el
calor o el fro en nuestra piel; nuestro
olfato para oler las fragancias natura-
les y, sobre todo, nuestro odo interior
para escuchar la voz que casi inaudi-
ble emitimos desde nuestra alma para
decirnos que todo lo que observamos
no es ms que el reverso de nuestro
abandonado mundo interno.
Dicen, con razn, que si queremos
ver ms lejos debemos subirnos en
los hombros de los gigantes del pen-
samiento que nos ha dado la humani-
you. And that is what it said: The
sea is sensed as the life symbol: its
movement is a continuous variation
of shapes, its unfathomable depths,
the switching between the quiet and
the storm, its way of being lost on
the horizon, and the aimless play
of its rhythms, all together are the
circumstances which allow souls to
transpose life emotions into the sea
The sea frees us from the immediate
presence and pure relative magnitude
of life by means of an overwhelm-
ing dynamism which transcends life
through its forms. In conclusion,
sea forms have inspired and will keep
inspiring all those who deeply feel the
need to recreate the sea and its forms
in their inner worlds and turn them
into art works in the outer world.
Escultura La Oladel artista ceut Diego Segura (Ceuta)
Sculpture tittled The wave by Diego Segura (Ceuta)
108 ALIDRISIA - 2013
ALIDRISIA marina
Boletn de estudios sobre tetrpodos marinos
del noroeste de frica
Nmero 3 - 2013
MUMFORD, L.1951. The conduct of life. Londres.
RODRGUEZ, ALBERTO; SOSA, LIONEL; NOYA LVAREZ, SOEDADE; LPEZ SENZ, VIRGINIA;
BLASCO PIOL, XAVIER (2008). Casa Batll. Dos de Arte Ediciones, Barcelona.
Bibliografa
Bibliography
dad. Los libros, aunque pueda resultar
un poco extrao, llevan tiempo que
me buscan para hablarme. Cuando
estaba preparando este artculo sent
un tenue rumor que sala de mi biblio-
teca. Me detuve en silencio para des-
cubrir de donde vena y pude deter-
minar que proceda de un viejo libre
que rescat de un orfanato de libros
que luce sobre su dintel un crtel que
dice: Almacn de libros antiguos y
ocasin. En este orfanato se acumu-
lan miles de libros y cuando lo visito,
siempre hay alguno que me llama para
pedirme que lo coja y que a cambio
me obsequiar con un importante
mensaje que guarda en su interior.
Pues bien, cog este libro de la estan-
tera y le pregunte su nombre: Sobre
la aventura. Ensayos de Esttica, de
Georg Simmel, me dijo su portada.
Qu me quieres decir, pregunt?. Y
me respondi: No ests trabajando
en un artculo sobre la inspiracin de
la naturaleza marina en el arte y la ar-
quitectura?. S, le dije. Entonces, me
contest, vet a la pgina 199 y lee lo
que tengo que decirte. Y esto fue lo
que me dijo: El mar es sentido por
lo que general como el smbolo de la
vida: su movimiento es permanente
variacin de formas, lo insondable de
sus profundidades, la alternancia entre
la calma y la tempestad, su manera de
perderse en el horizonte y el juego sin
objeto del ritmo que le anima son en
conjunto circunstancias que permiten
al alma transponer al mar su propio
sentimiento de la vidaEl mar nos
libera de la presencia inmediata y de la
pura magnitud relativa de la vida por
medio de un dinamismo abrumador
que trasciende a la vida por medio de
sus propios formas. Unas formas, y
con este concluimos, -por el momen-
to-, que han inspirado y lo seguirn
haciendo a todas aquellas personas
que sienten en su alma la necesidad
de recrear el mar y sus formas en el
mundo de adentro y devolvrnosla al
mundo de afuera en extraordinarias
expresiones artsticas.