SAP :

ERP : An integrated suite of business applications, which..

Closely links, monitors, and controls primary enterprise resources like manpower, machine, material, methods, market and money.Enables
corporates to readily change their processes to adapt to the ever changing business scenario.
Provides epertise in industry specific business processes.
Recent business trends favoring ERP growth
!usiness Process Reengineering " !PR #
$ost large companies are attempting to cut in%house development costs, improve customer service, and speed products to market by
reorgani&ing their eisting business processes.
'oftware Pricing
(icensing and pricing of mainframe based packaged applications are tied to the si&e of mainframe system on which the applications run, but
now customers are now demanding user%based licensing options and ma)or corporate applications like 'AP provide this instead of the
conventional platform%based pricing techni*ue.
+lobali&ation
As businesses are becoming more global in scope, people are demanding packaged corporate applications that are available in a variety of
languages with support for multiple currencies.
,ntegration
As more and more companies are going for !PR, there is increase in demand for integrated solution e.g.. different applications sharing a
common database and thus enabling data definitions and business rules to be applied across an entire organi&ation with the facility of doing
modifications at one location only.
Client
A client is a logical portion of an 'AP R-. physical database. /rom a business standpoint, a client can be interpreted as a logical group of
companies.
Client%dependent data is defined as data specific to an individual client. Client%independent data can be defined as data contained across all
clients in the system.
0uring a standard install of the 'AP R-. system, clients 111, 112, and 133 are set%up and provided.
4he Change and 4ransport 'ystem "C4'# is a tool that helps you to organi&e development pro)ects in the A!AP 5orkbench and in
Customi&ing, and then transport the changes between the 'AP 'ystems and clients in your system landscape.
4ransport 6rgani&er is the set of utilities which provide for the development change management and customi&ation "configuration#
change management.
All development changes "A!AP-7, 00,C# and Customi&ing are tracked through the 4ransport 6rgani&er.
4he 4ransport 6rgani&er is accessed via transaction 'E18 or 'E21.
4he 0evelopment 5orkbench is now fully integrated with the 4ransport 6rgani&er
00,C
4he delivery class controls the transport of table data when installing or upgrading, in a client copy and when transporting between customer
systems.
C(A'' A: Application 4able "$aster and 4ransaction 0ata#.
$aster data is data which is fre*uently read, but rarely updated. E.g. customer master, material master.
4ransaction data is data which is fre*uently updated. E.g. sales order, purchase order.
(ogically tables of delivery class A are not transported hence no C4' is assigned.
C(A'' C: Customi&ing table.
Customi&ing data is data which is defined when the system is initiali&ed and then rarely changed .e.g. company codes, document types.
(ogically tables of delivery class C are transported hence C4' is assigned
0A4A !R65'ER-4A!(E 9,E5 $A,:4 :
4hrough this option we can insert data into the table. 4here are . options.
0,'P(A;- $A,:4E:A:CE A((65E0 5,4< RE'4R,C4,6: : 4hrough this option we can insert, delete, update data into the table through
4A!(E $A,:4E:A:CE +E:ERA46R .
0,'P(A;- $A,:4E:A:CE A((65E0 : 4hrough this options we can directly insert the data into the table through =tilities > table contents >
create entries.
0,'P(A;- $A,:4E:A:CE :64 A((65E0 : 4hrough this option we can neither insert the data into the table directly nor through 4$+ .
6nly we can insert the data into the table programmatically using the '?( statement update, delete etc.
0A4A C(A'': 4he data class defines the physical area of the database "for 6RAC(E the 4A!(E'PACE# in which your table is logically
stored. ,f you choose a data class correctly, your table will automatically be assigned to the correct area when it is created on the database.
/or custom tables we use the data class ='ER. 4he other classes are used by 'AP standard tables
APP(1 @ $aster data and transparent table
APP(2 @ 4ransaction data and 4ransparent table
APP(A @ Customi&ing and 6rganisation
00,$ : 0imension table in !5
0/AC4 : /acts table ,n !5
060' : ,06' table in !5
!uffering
!uffering a table improves the performance when accessing the data records contained in the table. 4he table buffers reside locally on
each application server in the system.
;ou must define whether and how a table is buffered in the technical settings for the table. 4here are three possibilities here:
!uffering not permitted: 5e must not buffer a table if the table data is fre*uently modified.
!uffering permitted but not activated:
!uffering activated: +enerally custom data are buffered with full buffering or generic buffering.
4he buffering type defines which table records are loaded into the buffer of the application server when a table record is accessed. 4here are
the following buffering types:
/ull buffering: All the records of the table are loaded into the buffer when one record of the table is accessed.
+eneric buffering : 5hen a record of the table is accessed, all the records having this record in the generic key fields "part of the table key
that is left%)ustified, identified by specifying a number of key fields# are loaded into the buffer.
'ingle%record buffering: 6nly the records of a table that are really accessed are loaded into the buffer.
6nly transparent tables and pooled tables can be buffered. Cluster tables cannot be buffered.
Character data types must be assigned to all key fields of buffered tables.
4he data read by the application must always be up%to%date. 0elays caused by the synchroni&ation mechanism cannot be accepted.
4he table data is fre*uently modified. ,n this case the cost of synchroni&ation could be greater than the gain in performance resulting from
buffering. Roughly speaking, it does not make sense to buffer a table if more than one percent of the accesses to the table are modifying
accesses.
(ogically A delivery class is not meant for transporting the data but technically if we choose 'tandard recording
routine then it is possible to transport the data .