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Eat flow from warmer surroundings (sometimes called the transmission load and sensible infiltration load) o eat flow into the space from energy consuming ob!ects (sometimes called internal loads) o #oisture entering the space from surroundings that are at a higher vapor pressure (higher humidity ratio) the time at which the space may reali&e the heat gain as a cooling load will be considerably offset from the time the heat started to flow.
Eat flow from warmer surroundings (sometimes called the transmission load and sensible infiltration load) o eat flow into the space from energy consuming ob!ects (sometimes called internal loads) o #oisture entering the space from surroundings that are at a higher vapor pressure (higher humidity ratio) the time at which the space may reali&e the heat gain as a cooling load will be considerably offset from the time the heat started to flow.
Eat flow from warmer surroundings (sometimes called the transmission load and sensible infiltration load) o eat flow into the space from energy consuming ob!ects (sometimes called internal loads) o #oisture entering the space from surroundings that are at a higher vapor pressure (higher humidity ratio) the time at which the space may reali&e the heat gain as a cooling load will be considerably offset from the time the heat started to flow.
LOAD COMPONENTS There are two distinctly different components of the air conditioning load; (1) The sensible load (heat gain) and (2) The latent load (water vapor gain). 1. SENSIBLE LOADS There are 3 source categories of sensible heat gain: o eat flow from warmer surroundings (sometimes called the transmission load and sensible infiltration load). o eat flow from solar radiation (sometimes called radiation load). o eat flow into the space from energy consuming ob!ects within the space (sometimes called internal loads); these ob!ects usually include: lighting office appliances coo"ing or "itchen appliances entertainment appliances occupants within the space any other energy consuming devices 2. LATENT LOADS There are 2 source categories of latent heat gain: o #oisture entering the space from surroundings that are at a higher vapor pressure (higher humidity ratio) than the space. o #oisture generated within the space from moisture generating ob!ects. These ob!ects usually include: occupants within the space moisture generated by coo"ing or warming appliances industrial or production machinery which evaporates water THE TIME ASPECTS OF LOADS Throughout the 2$ hours of the day each of the load contributors varies with time. Then% because of the thermal storage characteristics of the building the time at which the space may reali&e the heat gain as a cooling load will be considerably offset from the time the heat started to flow. The time offset will vary% for each source. The macro time offset% of course% is the calendar time variations. DESIGN LOAD The design load is normally considered the statistical norm of the ma'imum load (alculating eat )oad The amount of heat generated is "nown as the heat gain or heat load. eat is measured in either *ritish Thermal +nits (*T+) or ,ilowatts (,-). 1,- is e.uivalent to 3$12*T+s. /actors include: The floor area of the room The si&e and position of windows% and whether they have blinds or shades The number of room occupants (if any) The heat generated by e.uipment The heat generated by lighting Floor Area of Room The amount of cooling re.uired depends on the area of the room. To calculate the area in s.uare meters: Roo Area BT! " Length #$ % &idth #$ % ''( Window Size and Position 0outh -indow *T+ 1 0outh /acing window )ength (m) ' -idth (m) ' 234 5orth -indow *T+ 1 5orth /acing windows )ength (m) ' -idth (m) ' 167 8f there are no blinds on the windows multiply the result(s) by 1.7. &indo)s BT! " So*th &indo)#s$ BT! + North &indo)#s$ BT! Occupants The heat output is around $44 *T+ per person. Total 9ccupant *T+ 1 5umber of occupants ' $44 Equipment (learly most heat in a 0erver :oom is generated by the e.uipment. This is tric"ier to calculate that you might thin". The wattage on e.uipment is the ma'imum power consumption rating; the actual power consumed may be less. owever it is probably safer to overestimate the wattage than underestimate it. ;dd together all the wattages for 0witches% :outers and multiply by 3.7. <.uipment *T+ 1 Total wattage for all e.uipment ' 3.7 Lighting Ta"e the total wattage of the lighting and multiply by $.27. )ighting *T+ 1 Total wattage for all lighting ' $.27 Total ooling Required ;dd all the *T+s together. Total Heat Load " Roo Area BT! + &indo)s BT! + Total O,,*-ant BT! + E.*i-ent BT! + Lighting BT! 1 ton of cooling is e.uivalent to 12 thousand *T+s.