Notion of almost analytic 1-forms on almost

product manifolds
Dorian Bogdan Stoica and Ioana -Adriana Urdea
Scientic Coordinator :Lect. univ. dr. IDA Cristian
May 24, 2014
1
1 Introduction
Fix a triple (M, F, ) with M
m
a smooth m-dimensional manifold , F a
tensor eld of (1, 1)-type on M and a dierentiable 1-form i.e (M)
2 1-forms almost analytic on a almost complex
manifolds
Denition 2.1
Tensor eld F denes an almost complex structure on M if :
F
2
= I, (1)
where I is the identity.
The F-conjugate of is the 1-form :
=
F
:= F
1
= F (2)
It follows
= F = (3)
To the pair (F, ) we associate a 2-form dened by :

F,
(X, Y ) := d(FX, Y ) +d(X, Y ) (4)
Denition 2.2 :The 1-form is called almost F-analytic relativ to the almost
complex structure F if
F,
= 0
We consider
1
(M, F) the manifold of all almost F analytic forms. In the
following we use the convention :
d(X, Y ) = X((Y )) Y ((X)) ([X, Y ]) (5)
Proposition 2.1 The 1-form is almost F-analytic if and only if its F-
conjugate is almost F-analytic. If is almost F- analytic then is closed if
and only if is closed .
Proof : using (1) , (3) and (4) we obtain :

F,
(X, Y ) := d(FX, Y ) d(X, Y ) =
F,
(FX, Y )

F,
(FX, Y ) := d(X, Y ) d(FX, Y ) =
F,
(X, Y )
2
For almost F-analytic
F,
(X, Y ) = 0 d(FX, Y ) +
d(X, Y ) = 0 , multiplying the last relation with F we obtain : d(X, Y )
d(FX, Y ) = 0
F,
(X, Y ) = 0
Now , we presume almost F-analytic
F,
(X, Y ) = 0
d(X, Y ) d(FX, Y ) = 0 .Multiplying the last relation with F we obtain:
d(FX, Y ) +d(X, Y ) = 0
F,
(X, Y ) = 0
On a manifold endowed with an almost complex structure , the form of the
Nijenhuis tensor eld of F is :
N
F
(X, Y ) := [FX, FY ] F[X, Y ] F[X, FY ] [X, Y ] (6)
We obtain the following identities :
N
F
(FX, Y ) = FN
F
(X, Y ) = N
F
(x, FY )
N
F
(FX, FY ) = N
F
(X, Y ) (7)
Proposition 2.2 If is almost F-analytic then :
N
F
= N
F
(8)
Proof :
Let almost F -analytic. Using (5) , F = , F = , from

F,
(X, Y ) = d(FX, Y ) +(X, Y ) = 0
FX((Y )) Y ((FX)) (([FX, Y ]) +X((Y )) ([X, Y ]) = 0
(F[X, Y ]) = X((Y )) FX((Y )) +([FX, Y ]) (9)
Putting X FX , Y FY in (9) by direct calculus we obtain :
( N
F
)(X, Y ) = ([FX, FY ]) (F[FX.Y ]) (F[X, FY ]) [X, Y ]
= ([FX, FY ])+FX((Y ))X((Y ))+([X, Y ])+X((FY ))+FX((FY ))
([FX, FY ]) [X, Y ] = 0
By Proposition 2.1 is also almost F-analytic and the relation
( N
F
)(X, Y ) = 0 follows in a similar manner starting from :

F,
(X, Y ) = d(FX, Y ) d(X, Y ) = 0.
The operators O
F
, O

F
:
2
(M)
2
(M) dened by :
O
F
()(X, Y ) :=
1
2
[(X, Y ) (FX, FY )],
O

F
()(X, Y ) :=
1
2
[(X, Y ) +(FX, FY )]
3
are the Obata operators associated to F . Using these operators we obtain a
classication of 2-forms with respect to F :
Denition2.3 The 2-form is aalled F-pure if O

F
() = 00 respectively
F-hybrid if O
F
() = 0
Proposition 2.3 If F is an almost complex structure and is almost
F-analytic form then the 2-forms d , d are F-pure.
Proof :
Setting X FX in (9) we have :
(F[FX, Y ]) = FX((Y )) +X((Y )) ([X, Y ]) (10)
X((Y )) +FX((FY )) = ([X, Y ]) +(F[FX, Y ])
Changing X with Y in the relation above we have :
Y ((X)) +FY ((FX)) = ([X, Y ]) (F[X, FY ]) (11)
Decreasing (11) from (10) we obtain :
2d+([X, Y ])+2d(FX, FY )+([FX, FY ]) = 2([X, Y [)+F([FX, Y ]+[X, FY ])
which means 4O

F
(d) = N
F
= 0. By analogy we obtain : 4O

F
(d) =
N
F
= 0.
3 1-forms almost analytic on a almost product
manifolds
Denition 3.1
Tensor eld F denes an almost complex structure on M if :
F
2
= I, (12)
where I is the identity.
The F-conjugate of is the 1-form :
=
F
:= F
1
= F (13)
It follows
= F = (14)
To the pair (F, ) we associate a 2-form dened by :

F,
(X, Y ) := d(FX, Y ) d(X, Y ) (15)
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Denition 3.2:The 1-form is called almost F-analytic relativ to the al-
most product structure F if
F,
= 0.
We consider
1
(M, F) the manifold of all almost F analytic forms. In the
following we use the convention :
d(X, Y ) = X((Y )) Y ((X)) ([X, Y ]) (16)
Proposition 3.1 The 1-form is almost F-analytic if and only if its F-
conjugate is almost F-analytic. If is almost F- analytic then is closed if
and only if is closed .
In the context of the almost product structure , the expression the Nijenhuis
tensor els of F becomes :
N
F
(X, Y ) := [FX, Fy] F[FX, Y ] F[X, FY ] + [X, Y ] (17)
and , as in the case of almost complex structure we obtain the following :
N
F
(FX, Y ) = FN
F
(X, Y ) = N
F
(X, FY )
N
F
(FX, FY ) = N
F
(X, Y ) (18)
Proposition 3.2 If the 1-form is almost F-analytic , then :
N
F
= N
F
= 0 (19)
The Obata operators associated to the almost product structure F are
dened in the same way as in the case of the almost complex structure O
F
, O

F
:

2
(M)
2
(M) ,
O
F
()(X, Y ) :=
1
2
[(X, Y ) (FX, FY )],
O

F
()(X, Y ) :=
1
2
[(X, Y ) +(FX, FY )].
Proposition 3.3 If F is an almost product structure and is almost
F-analytic form then the 2-forms d , d are F-hybrid.
Proof :
Let almost analytic. We have

F,
(X, Y ) = 0 d(FX, Y ) d(X, Y ) = 0
FX((Y ))Y ((FX))([FX, Y ])X((Y ))Y ((X))([X, Y ]) = 0
(F[X, Y ]) = C((Y )) FX((Y )) +([FX, Y ]).
Putting X FX in the last relation , we have :
(F[FX, Y ]) = FX((Y )) X((Y )) +([X, Y ])
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X((Y )) FX((FY )) = ([X, Y ]) (F[FX, Y ]). (20)
Changing X with Y in (20) we obtain :
Y ((X)) FY ((FX)) = ([X, Y ]) +(F[X, FY ]). (21)
Descreasing (21) from (20) :
4O
F
(d) = N
F
= 0
4O
F
(d) = N
F
= 0
d and d are F-hybrid .
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