Andhra Pradesh - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Andhra Pradesh

State of India
Clockwise from top left: Tirupathi, Prakasam Barrage,
Lepakshi Nandi (bull)
Nickname(s): Rice Bowl of India, Egg bowl of Asia
Location of Andhra Pradesh in India
Andhra Pradesh
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Andhra Pradesh (http://www.mid-
day.com/articles/andhra-pradesh-first-year-
intermediate-results-to-be-declared-
today/15258089) (/ndr prd/; Telugu:
) , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the
country's southeastern coast. It is India's fourth-largest
state by area and fifth-largest by population. Andhra
Pradesh is bordered by Maharashtra in the northwest,
Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north, the Bay of
Bengal in the east, Tamil Nadu to the south and
Karnataka to the west.
Andhra Pradesh has the second longest coastline (of
972 km (604 mi)) among all the states of India, after
Gujrat.
[3]
The small enclave (30 square kilometres
(12 sq mi)) of Yanam, a district of Pondicherry, lies in
the Godavari delta to the northeast of the state. The
state comprises three regions: Coastal Andhra,
Telangana and Rayalaseema. Its capital and largest
city is Hyderabad.
The official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu
[4]
and the co-official language is Urdu. The Minister of
Tourism and Culture has issued declaration of Telugu
language as Classical Language.
[5]
Other languages
often spoken in the state include Hindi, Marathi,
Tamil, Kannada and Oriya.
[6]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Early history
1.2 Modern history
1.3 State reorganisation
2 Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh
3 Geography and climate
4 Demographics
4.1 Population statistics
4.2 Religions
5 Administration
5.1 Politics
6 Natural Resources
6.1 Mineral Wealth
6.2 Power Generation
7 Economy
Coordinat es: 17.366N 78.476E
Map of Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates (Hyderabad): 17.366N 78.476E
Country India
Region South India
Established 1 November 1956
Capital Hyderabad
Largest city Hyderabad
Districts 23 total
Government
Body Government of India,
Government of Andhra Pradesh
Governor E. S. L. Narasimhan
Chief Minister (President's Rule)
Legislature Bicameral (294 + 90 seats)
High Court Andhra Pradesh High Court
Area
Total 275,045 km2 (106,195 sq mi)
Area rank 4th
Population
(2011)
[1]
Total 84,655,533
Rank 5th
Density 310/km2 (800/sq mi)
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
UN/LOCODE AP
ISO 3166 code IN-AP
Vehicle
registration
AP
HDI 0.473 (low)
HDI rank 15th(2011)
Literacy 67.77% (2011)
Official language Telugu
Website ap.gov.in (http://www.ap.gov.in)
Symbols
Emblem Kalasham
7 Economy
7.1 Agriculture
7.2 Industrial Sector
8 Transportion
8.1 Roadways
8.2 Railways
8.3 Airports
8.4 Seaports
9 Tourism
9.1 Nature Tourism
9.2 Tourist Destinations
9.3 Religious Tourism
10 Culture
10.1 Arts and Crafts
10.2 Literature
10.3 Dance, Music and Festivals
10.4 Artifacts
10.5 Cuisine
11 Cinema
12 Sports
13 Education and research
13.1 Space Research
14 Newspapers and journals
15 See also
16 References
17 External links
History
Main article: History of Andhra Pradesh
Early history
The first historical records appear in the Buddhist text
Anguttara Nikaya Andhra was mentioned in the
Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana (800 BCE)
and Mahabharata (400 BCE).It is mentioned that
Andhras were Aryans who migrated to south of
Vindhya mountains .
[7]
The Natya Shastra written by
Bharatha (1st century BCE) also mentions about the
Andhra people.
[8]
The roots of the Telugu language
have been seen on inscriptions found near the Guntur
district
[9]
and from others dating to the rule of Renati
Cholas in the 5th century CE.
[10]
Language
Telugu
[2]
Song Maa Telugu Thalliki
by Sri Sankarambadi
Sundaraachari
Dance Kuchipudi
Animal Blackbuck
Bird Indian Roller
Flower Water lily
Tree Neem
Sport Kabaddi
Rock-cut Buddha statue at
Bojjanakonda near Anakapalle,
Visakhapatnam
Megasthenes, a Greek traveller and geographer who
visited the Court of Chandragupta Maurya (322297
BCE), mentioned that the region had three fortified
towns and an army of 100,000 infantry, 200 cavalry,
and 1,000 elephants. Buddhist books reveal that
Andhras established their huts or tents near the
Godavari River at that time.
[11]
Inscriptions shows that there was an early kingdom in
coastal Andhra (Guntur District) ruled first by
Kuberaka and then by his son Varun, with
Pratipalapura (Bhattiprolu) as the capital. Around the same time, Dhanyakatakam/Dharanikota (present day
Amaravati) appears to have been an important place, which was visited by Gautama Buddha. According to the
ancient Tibetan scholar Taranatha: "On the full moon of the month Chaitra in the year following his
enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka, the Buddha emanated the mandala of 'The Glorious Lunar
Mansions' (Kalachakra)".
[12][13]
The Mauryans extended their rule over Andhra in the 4th century
BCE. With the fall of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE, the
Satavahanas became independent. After the decline of the
Satavahanas in 220 CE, the Ikshvaku dynasty, Pallavas, Ananda
Gotrikas, Rashtrakutas, Vishnukundinas, Eastern Chalukyas, and
Cholas ruled the land.
[14]
Scholars have suggested that the Prajpramit Sutras, the earliest
Mahayana Sutras,
[15][16]
developed among the Mahsghika along
the Krishna River in Andhra country.
[17]
A.K. Warder holds that "the
Mahyna originated in the south of India and almost certainly in the
Andhra country."
[18]
Anthony Barber and Sree Padma note that
"historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time
that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Ngrjuna, Dignaga, Candrakrti, Aryadeva, and
Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in Andhra."
[19]
They note that the ancient Buddhist sites in the lower Krishna Valley, including Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda and
Jaggayyapeta "can be traced to at least the third century BCE, if not earlier."
[20]
Sri Singha, Savari, Maitripa and
Virupa lived and taught in the Andhra region for some portion of their lives or were in some cases permanent
residents.
[21]
Ronald Davidson calls the Krishna River valley "a site of extraordinary Buddhist activity for almost
a thousand years."
[22]
During this period, Telugu emerged as a popular language, supplanting Prakrit and Sanskrit.
[23]
Telugu was
made the official language by the Vishnukundina kings (5th and 6th centuries), who ruled from their capital city
of Vengi. Eastern Chalukyas ruled for a long period after the decline of Vishnukundinas; their capital was also
Vengi. As early as the 1st century CE, Chalukyas were mentioned as being vassals and chieftains under the
Satavahanas and later under the Ikshvakus. The Chalukya ruler Rajaraja Narendra ruled Rajahmundry around
1022 CE.
[24]
The battle of Palnadu (1182) resulted in the weakening of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty and led to the
emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Kakatiyas were at first vassals of the
Rashtrakutas, and ruled over a small territory near Warangal. Eventually all the Telugu lands were united by the
Kakatiyas. In 1323 CE, Delhi Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sent a large army under Ulugh Khan to conquer
A pillar at Ahobilam temple in
Kurnool District of Andhra
Pradesh
Kondaveedu
Kakatiya sculpture at
Warangal
the Telugu country and captured Warangal. King Prataparudra was taken prisoner.Reddy dynasty started from
here they ruled more than 100 years after them. Musunuri Nayaks recaptured Warangal from the Delhi
Sultanate in 1326 CE and ruled for fifty years
Modern history
Inspired by their success, the Vijayanagara Empire, one of the greatest empires in the history of Andhra Pradesh
and India, was founded by Harihara and Bukka, who served as treasury officers of the Kakatiyas of
Warangal.
[25]
In 1347 CE, an independent Muslim state, the Bahmani Sultanate, was established in south India
by Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah in a revolt against the Delhi Sultanate. The Qutb Shahi dynasty held sway over the
Andhra country for about two hundred years from the early part of the 16th
century to the end of the 17th century.
[26]
Although Hyderabad was founded
less than 500 years ago, archaeologists have unearthed Iron Age sites near the
city that could date back to 500 BCE. Approximately over 1000 years ago
this region was ruled by Kakatiyas until 1310 CE, and fell under Delhi
sultanate from (13101345), when the central sultanate became weak the
Bahmani Sultan revolted against the Sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq
and established an independent state in Deccan within the Delhi Sultanates
southern provinces and ruled until 1518 CE. Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk, governor of
Golconda, declared independence from the Bahmani Dynasty and proclaimed
himself Sultan of Golconda in that year, and he founded the Qutb Shahi
dynasty.
[27]
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, a fifth Sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty (the
ruling family of the Golconda Sultanate, previously a feudatory of Bahmani
sultanate that declared independence in 1512) founded the city of Hyderabad
on the banks of the Musi River in 1591 to relieve a water shortage the dynasty
had experienced at its old headquarters in Golconda city (11 kilometres west
of Hyderabad city on the other side of Musi). He also ordered the
construction of the Charminar. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb captured the
kingdom of Golconda including the city of Hyderabad in 1687 and, during this
short Mughal rule, Mughal-appointed governors of the city soon gained
autonomy.
[28]
In 1724, Asaf Jah I, who was granted the title Nizam-ul-Mulk ("Governor of
the country") by the Mughal emperor, defeated a rival official to establish
control over kingdom of Golconda renamed it as Hyderabad state. Thus
began the Asaf Jahi dynasty that ruled Hyderabad State until a year after
India's independence from Britain. Asaf Jah's successors ruled as the Nizams
of Hyderabad. The rule of the seven Nizams saw the growth of Hyderabad
city both culturally and economically. Hyderabad city became the formal
capital of the kingdom (Hyderabad state) and Golkonda city was almost
abandoned. Huge reservoirs, like the Nizam Sagar, Tungabhadra, Osman
Sagar, and Himayat Sagar, were built. Survey work on Nagarjuna Sagar had
also begun during this time; the actual work was completed by the
Government of India in 1969. The wealth and grandeur of the Nizams is
demonstrated by the fabled Jewels of The Nizams, which is a tourist
attraction. The state was the richest and the largest among the princely states
of India. The land area of the state was 90,543 mi; its population in 1901
was 50,073,759. It enjoyed an estimated revenue of 90,029,000.
[29][30]
Hyderabad state in 1956 (in yellowish
green)
In Colonial India, Northern Circars became part of the British Madras Presidency. Eventually this region
emerged as the Coastal Andhra region. Later the Nizam rulers of Hyderabad ceded five territories to the British
which eventually emerged as Rayalaseema region. The Nizams retained control of the interior provinces as the
princely state of Hyderabad, acknowledging British rule in return for local autonomy. However, Komaram
Bheem, a tribal leader, started his fight against the erstwhile Asaf Jahi Dynasty for the liberation of Hyderabad
State.
[31]
Meanwhile, the French occupied Yanam, in the Godavari delta, and (save for periods of British
control) would hold it until 1954.
India became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947. The Nizam wanted to retain the independence of
the Princely Hyderabad State from India, but the people of the region launched a movement to join the Indian
Union. The state of Hyderabad was forcibly joined to the Republic of India with Operation Polo in 1948.
[32]
State reorganisation
See also: Andhra State and Vishalandhra Movement
In an effort to gain an independent state based on the linguistic basis
and protect the interests of the Telugu-speaking people of Madras
State, Potti Sreeramulu fasted until death in 1952. As Madras city
became bone of contention, in 1949 JVP committee report stated
"Andhra Province could be formed provided the Andhras give up
their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai)". After Potti
Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu speaking areas i.e., Andhra state was
carved out of Madras State on 1 November 1953, with Kurnool as
its capital city.
[33]
The State Reorganisation Commission had recommended that the
residual Hyderabad State continue as a separate entity. On the basis
of Agreement called Gentlemen Agreement on 1 November 1956,
the States Reorganisation Act formed Andhra Pradesh by merging the
Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking areas of the already existing
Hyderabad State.
[34]
Hyderabad was made the capital of the new
state. The Marathi-speaking areas of Hyderabad State merged with Bombay State and the Kannada-speaking
areas were merged with Mysore State.
Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh
Seemandhra is the term used to refer the combined regions of Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra in Andhra
Pradesh. During the bifurcation process of Andhra Pradesh state, this word was used to refer the residual
Andhra Pradesh i.e., without Telangana districts.
On February 2014, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the parliament of India for
the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh.
[35]
Hyderabad to
remain a joint capital for 10 years.
[36]
The new state will come into existence on 2 June 2014 after the approval
from the President of India.
[37]
In order to avoid an amendment to the constitution, the two states will be named
as Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
[38]

[39]
Geography and climate
Telangana (in white) and residual
Andhra Pradesh (Seemandhra) in
yellow within the state of Andhra
Pradesh
Ethipothala Falls
The Mouth of the
Godavari River (East)
emptying into the Bay of
Bengal
Greater Flamingoes
(Phoenicopterus roseus)
taking off Pocharam lake
Main articles: Geography of Andhra Pradesh and List of
districts of Andhra Pradesh
Geographically, Andhra Pradesh is composed of most of the eastern
half of the Deccan plateau and the plains to the east of the Eastern
Ghats. Andhra Pradesh comprices three regions. The Andhra region
is Coastal Andhra.
[40]
The plains to the east of Eastern Ghats form
the Eastern coastal plains. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and
individual sections have local names. The Kadapa Basin
[41]
formed
by two arching branches of the Eastern Ghats is a mineral-rich area.
The coastal plains are for the most part delta regions formed by the
Godavari, Krishna, and Penna rivers. The Eastern Ghats are a major
dividing line in the state's geography. The Ghats become more
pronounced towards the south and extreme north of the coast. The
Eastern Ghat region is home to dense tropical forests, while the
vegetation becomes sparse as the Ghats give way to the Deccan
Plateau, where shrub vegetation is more common. Most of the coastal
plains are put to intense agricultural use. The west and southwest
parts of Andhra Pradesh have semi-arid conditions. The northern part
is the Telangana region and the southern part is known as
Rayalaseema. These two regions are separated by the River Krishna.
The climate of Andhra Pradesh varies considerably, depending on the
geographical region. Monsoons play a major role in determining the
climate of the state. Summers last from March to June. In the coastal
plain, the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of
the state, with temperature ranging between 20 C and 41 C.
[42]
July to September is the season for tropical rains in Andhra Pradesh.
The state receives heavy rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon during these
months. About one third of the total rainfall in Andhra Pradesh is brought by the
Northeast Monsoon. October and November see low-pressure systems and
tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal which, along with the Northeast
Monsoon, bring rains to the southern and coastal regions of the state. November,
December, January, and February are the winter months in Andhra Pradesh.
Since the state has a long coastal belt the winters are not very cold. The range of
winter temperature is generally 12 C to 30 C.
[42]
Demographics
Population statistics
Telugu is the first official language of the state, spoken by 84.02% followed by
Urdu, which is the second official language of the state and is spoken by 11.76%
of the population. Major linguistic minority groups are Hindi (1.05%), and Tamil
(1.01%). Other languages spoken in Andhra Pradesh by less than 1% are
Kannada (0.74%), Marathi (0.80%), and Oriya (0.64%). Languages spoken by
Population Trend
Census Pop. %
1961 35,983,000
1971 43,503,000 20.9%
1981 53,550,000 23.1%
1991 66,508,000 24.2%
2001 75,727,000 13.9%
2011 84,655,533 11.8%
Source:Census of India[43]
First Languages of Andhra
Pradesh in 2010
[44]
Telugu (83.88%)
Urdu (8.63%)
Hindi (3.23%)
Tamil (1.01%)
Religion in Andhra Pradesh
Percent
Hinduism 89.01%
Islam 9.16%
Christianity 1.54%
Jainism 0.05%
Sikhism 0.04%
Others 0.68%
less than 0.2% of the population include
Malayalam (0.09%), Gujarati (0.02%),
Bengali (0.05%), Gorkhali/Nepali
(0.03%), Punjabi (0.02%) and Sindhi
(0.01%).
[45]
Andhra Pradesh ranks tenth of all Indian
States in the Human Development Index
scores
[46]
with a score of 0.416. The
National Council of Applied Economic
Research district analysis in 2001 reveals
that Khammam, Krishna, West Godavari,
Chittoor, and Medak are the five districts
in rural AP with the highest Human Development Index scores in
ascending order.
The data show that the poor make up 16.3% of the total population in
rural AP, and expenditure on consumption is around 13.5% of the total
consumption expenditure. The female literacy rate is 0.66 compared to
male literacy rate in rural AP. The district-wise variations for poverty ratio
are high and low for the ratio of female/male literacy rate.
[47]
The gender
gap in illiteracy is one of the issues being addressed by Asmita Resource Centre for Women, an Indian NGO
based in Andhra Pradesh that works to better the socio-economic status of women and communities in India.
Religions
The state is home to Hindu saints of all castes. An important figure is
Saint Yogi Sri Potuluri Virabrahmendra Swami. He was born in the
Vishwabrahmin (goldsmith) caste and had Brahmin and Dalit
disciples.
[48]
Fisherman Raghu was a Shudra saint
[49]
where as Saint
Kakkayya was a chura (sweeper) Harijan saint.
Islam in Hyderabad, with historical patronizing by the rulers, has a strong
Sufi influence, with various movements active in the last two decades.
Hyderabad has also produced many renowned religious scholars
representing different Islamic sects and trends, including Abul Ala
Maududi, Turab-ul-Haq Qadri, and Allamah Rasheed Turabi.
[50]
Most Telugu Christians are Protestant belonging to major Indian Protestant denominations such as the Church of
South India, the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, the Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches and several
others.
Administration
Main articles: Government of Andhra Pradesh, Politics of Andhra Pradesh, and List of Chief
Ministers of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh has a Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly, lower house) of 294 seats, and a Vidhan Parishad
(legislative council, upper house) of 90 members. 31 members are elected from local bodies, 31 members are
elected from the assembly, eight members are elected from teachers, eight members are elected from graduates,
High court of Andhra pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh State Legislative
Assembly in the centre of Hyderabad
City.
and 12 members are nominated by the Governor. In the Parliament of India Andhra Pradesh has 18 in the Rajya
Sabha, the Upper House, and 42 in the Lok Sabha, the Lower House.
[51][52]
Currently, Andhra Pradesh is
administratively divided into 23 districts.
Andhra Pradesh had a series of governments headed by
Indian National Congress (INC) Party until 1982.
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao is the founder of Telugu
Desam party and served as the first chief minister from the
party.
[53]
N. Chandrababu Naidu held the record for the
longest serving chief minister (1995 to 2004).
[54]
P. V.
Narasimha Rao served as the chief minister of the state
from 1971 to 1973, and went on to become the Prime
Minister of India in 1991.
[55][56]
The first Chief Minister of
Andhra Pradesh was Neelam Sanjiva Reddy who later
served as President of India.
[57][58]
Politics
Until 1962, the CPI, along with socialist parties, played an important
role as opposition parties. Parties namely Praja Socialist Party and
Krishi Lok Party played an important role in 1950s. In the 1967 state
assembly elections, all socialist parties were eliminated and CPI lost
opposition party status. N.G. Ranga's Swatantra Party became the
Opposition Party. They also failed to hold control later and became
defunct. In 1978 Jalagam Vengal Rao and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
formed the Reddy Congress and contested against INC but lost.
In 1983 the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) won the state elections and N.T. Rama Rao (NTR) became the chief
minister of the state for the first time. This broke the long time single party monopoly enjoyed by the INC from
1956 until 1982. A few months after the election, Nadendla Bhaskara Rao usurped power when NTR was
away in the United States for medical treatment. After coming back, NTR campaigned for a comeback by
demonstrating the support of the majority of the elected MLAs. The governor Thakur Ram Lal was ousted by
Indira Gandhi and in his place she appointed Shankar Dayal Sharma. NTR was reinstated as chief minister.
Within a month NTR recommended the dissolution of the assembly and called for fresh elections. Indira Gandhi
was assassinated on 31 October 1984 by her Sikh bodyguard and Rajiv Gandhi was made Prime Minister by
President Giani Zail Singh. In the ensuing elections for Lok Sabha and the AP Assembly, the Telugu Desam
Party won in Andhra Pradesh and NTR came back to power.
The 1989 elections ended the rule of NTR, with the INC party returning to power with Marri Chenna Reddy at
the helm. He was replaced by Janardhan Reddy in 1990, who was replaced by Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy
in 1992. In 1994, Andhra Pradesh gave a mandate to the Telugu Desam Party again, and NTR became the
chief minister again. Nara Chandrababu Naidu, the son-in-law of NTR, came to power with the backing of a
majority of the MLAs. The Telugu Desam Party won both the assembly and Lok Sabha election in 1999 under
the leadership of Chandrababu Naidu. There was an assassination attempt on Naidu in 2003 in Tirupathi; he
survived the attack. In the ensuing elections the party lost power to a resurgent INC and its allies. Y. S.
Rajasekhar Reddy became the Chief Minister.
Y. S. Rajasekhar Reddy became the CM again by fending off the Praja Rajyam Party and a major alliance of
TDP, TRS, CPI and CPM. He died on 2 September 2009 in a helicopter crash. Konijeti Rosaiah, a senior
statesman and former state finance minister, became the Chief Minister on 3 September 2009. On 24
Srisailam Dam - Hydro Electric
Power Source
Visakhapatnam city skyline view
November 2010, Rosaiah submitted his resignation on the grounds of increased work pressure. Nallari Kiran
Kumar Reddy was sworn in as the new Chief Minister on the following day.
Natural Resources
Mineral Wealth
Andhra Pradesh is the second largest store house of Mineral Resources in India. Andhra Pradesh with varied
geological formations, contain rich & variety of industrial minerals and building stones.
Andhra Pradesh occupies the 2nd rank in the deposit and production of mica in India. A total of 48 minerals
were located with vast explored resources of coal, limestone, slabs, etc. and good resources of oil and Natural
Gas, Manganese, Asbestos, Iron Ore, Ball Clay, Fire Clay, Gold Diamonds, Graphite, Dolomite, Quartz,
Tungsten, Steatitic, Feldspar, Silica Sand etc. It has about one third of India's limestone reserves and is known
for large exclusive deposits of Barytes and Galaxy granite in the international market.
Mining is identified as one of the growth engines for the overall development of industry and infrastructure. The
Tummalapalle Uranium mine in Andhra has confirmed 49,000 tonnes of ore and there are indications that it
could hold reserves totalling three times its current size. 700 million tonnes of metal grade Bauxite deposits in
close proximity to Visakhapatnam Port.
Reliance Industries Limited struck 9 Trillion cubic Feed of gas reserves in the Krishna Godavari Basin Basin,
150 km off the Andhra Pradesh Coast near Kakinada. Discovery of large quantity of natural gas in KG Basin is
expected to provide rapid economic growth.
[59]
Power Generation
The state ranks first nationwide in hydro electricity generation, with a
national market share of over 11%. Andhra Pradesh has the fourth
largest power generating utility in the country, with an installed
capacity of around 10,650 MW. The two cheapest sources of
thermal power generation coal and natural gas are in
abundance.
[60][61]
Economy
Main article: Economy of Andhra Pradesh
According to the Planning Commission of India, in the financial year
201112 the state was ranked second in nominal GDP, and fourth in
GDP per capita.
[62]
Andhra Pradesh's GDP for 2011 was
approximately 5,676.36 billion,
[63]
placing it third among the states.
The service sector of the state accounts for 43% of the gross state
domestic product (GSDP) and employs 20% of the work force.
[64]
GSDP of the state in 2012 is 6762.34 billion, placing it second in
India.
[63]
Andhra Pradesh economy has registered over 5.5% annual
economic growth rate during the last two decades.
[65]
In the 2010 list
IIabs in Hyderabad
Tech Mahindra Development Centre
by Forbes Magazine, there are several from Andhra Pradesh among the top 100 richest Indians.
[66]
Agriculture
Economy of the state is mainly based on Agriculture and Livestock. Andhra Pradesh is an exporter of many
agricultural products. It has produced 17,796,000 tonnes (19,616,732 short tons) of rice in 2006.
[67]
and
hence it is known as Rice Bowl of India. Four important rivers of India, the Godavari, Krishna, Penna, and
Thungabhadra flow through the state, providing irrigation. Besides Rice, farmers of this state also grow wheat,
jowar, bajra, maize, minor millets, coarse grain, many varieties of pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, Chili
pepper, mango nuts and tobacco. Recently, crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and
peanuts have gained favour. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari
River Basin Irrigation Projects and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam.
[64][68]
AP's farms depend on child labour rather than
mechanization to remain competitive.
[69]
Livestock is also another profitable business which involves, rearing of cattle in an enclosed area for commercial
purposes.
Fisheries contribute 10% of total fish and shrimp production of India. The geographical location of this South
Indian state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production in Andhra Pradesh. The Value of marine
products exports from India in 1998 was Rs. 4710 Crores among which the state alone contributed products of
Rs. 2000 Crores.
Industrial Sector
The state banks on two major sectors - Information technology and
biotechnology. Two major cities Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam has
emerged as the main hub of industrialisation. The IT exports in
Andhra Pradesh reached 350.22 billion (US$5.8 billion) in 2010-
11, contributed to 13.9% per cent of national IT exports and ranked
fourth in India.
[70]
Other key sectors include, Biopharmaceuticals,
Power, Automobile, Tourism, Textiles, Retail, Leather and Religious
Tourism.
Banking & Finance sector of Andhra Pradesh also constitute the key
commercial activities that enhance the growth and stability of the
states economy.
Transportion
Roadways
A total of 146,954 km (91,313 mi) of roads are maintained by the
State, of which State Highways comprise 42,511 km (26,415 mi), National Highways 2,949 km (1,832 mi),
and District Roads 101,484 km (63,059 mi). NH 5, with a highway network of around 1000 km in the state, is
a part of Golden Quadrilateral Project undertaken by National Highways Development Project.
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) is the major public transport corporation
owned by the government of Andhra Pradesh that connects all the cities and villages. APSRTC is in the
Guinness Book of World Records for having the largest fleet of vehicles (approximately 21,000), and the
Major road links of Andhra Pradesh
The railroad bridge between
Rajahmundry and Kovvur
The New look of Vijayawada Railway
Station
longest distance covered daily. Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station [M.G.B.S] in Hyderabad and Nehru Bus stand in
Vijayawada are among the largest bus stand in Asia.
[71]
Thousands of private operators also run buses
connecting major cities and towns. Private vehicles like cars, motorised scooters, and bicycles occupy a major
share of the local transport in the cities and adjoining villages. The growth rate for vehicle ownership in Andhra
Pradesh is the highest in the country at 16%.
[72]
Railways
Railways are a major means of transportion in Andhra Pradesh
connecting the whole state and has a good connectivity with other
states too. The history of railways in Andhra Pradesh dates back to
the time of Nizam of Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh has a railway
network of 5,046 km. One of the highest broad gauge tracks in the
world is in eastern ghats route that run from Visakhapatnam to
Anantagiri.
[73]
The state boasts of 182 railway stations in the state
and also many railway junctions as well.
Most of Andhra Pradesh falls under the auspices of the South Central
Railway founded in 1966. Rail Nilayam in Secunderabad, the Land
Mark Building is the Zonal Headquarter office of South Central
Railway. The East Coast Railway serves Srikakulam, Vizianagaram
District, and part of Visakhapatnam district including Visakhapatnam
City. Secunderabad, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Guntur, Guntakal are
the main divisions of SCR in Andhra Pradesh. Vijayawada railway
station is one of the busiest railway junction in India and connects the
north and the south Indian rail routes. It handle more than 320 trains
including both passenger and freight trains per day next to Howrah
and Mumbai.
Railways have played a significant role boosting the economy of the
state in developing the industrial and the tourism in the state.
Airports
Hyderabad International Airport, also known as Rajiv Gandhi
International Airport, is the international airport for the city of
Hyderabad. It has won WORLD NO 1 Airport award twice (2009,
2010) in the 5 - 15 million passenger category. It is the largest airport
in the state and one of the busiest airports nationwide.Visakhapatnam
Airport, the other international airport in the state is the second largest
serving close to 1 million passengers annually. Other airports in the
state are Vijayawada Airport, Rajahmundry Airport, and Tirupati
Airport. The government also has plans to start airports in eight other
cities: Guntur, Ongole, Nellore, Warangal, Kadapa, Tadepalligudem,
Kurnool, Karimnagar, Ramagundam and Kothagudem.
Seaports
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
Aerial view of Visakhapatnam port
Gangavaram Port view
RK Beach
Ports are gateways to international trade and commerce. Andhra Pradesh has two major ports at
Visakhapatnam and Kakinada. Visakhapatnam Port is the second largest port of India in terms of (cargo
handling). A private port is being developed at Gangavaram, near Visakhapatnam. This deep seaport can
accommodate ocean liners up to 200,000250,000 DWT.
Andhra Pradesh is well on its way to becoming a major logistics hub in the realm of sea. A recently study by
trade body Assocham has pointed out that Andhra Pradesh
commanded a lions share of over 46 per cent in new port projects
being implemented across Indian maritime States. Andhra Pradesh
was amongst the first maritime states to recognize the imperative need
for increased port infrastructure. Six ports are under various stages of
development in the PPP mode.
The 14 notified non-major ports are Bhavanapadu, Meghavaram,
Kalingapatnam, Bheemunipatnam, Gangavaram, Nakkapalli,
Kakinada SEZ, Kakinada, S.Yanam, Narsapur, Machilipatnam,
Nizampatnam, Vadarevu and Krishnapatnam.
[74]
The State
Government has prepared a master plan that envisages increasing the
capacity of its non-major ports to handle 175 million tonnes in
2020.
[75]
Tourism
Main article: Tourism in Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is promoted by its tourism department as the Koh-i-
Noor of India.
Nature Tourism
Beaches Visakhapatnam has many beautiful beaches along
the Bay of Bengal namely R.K.Beach, Rishikonda Beach,
Lawsons Bay Beach etc. There are other beaches too along
the long coastline of the state. They are Suryalanka Beach,
located 9 km from Bapatla in Guntur District.
The Borra Caves in the Anatagiri Hills of the Eastern Ghats,
near Vishakapatnam at an altitude of about 800 to 1300
metres are famous for million-year-old stalactite and stalagmite
formations.
Araku Valley, a famous hill station in Visakhapatnam district.
It has beautiful thick forests, coffee plantations, waterfalls. This
scenic beauty attracts large number of tourists.
Horsley Hills, a summer hill resort in the Chittoor district of
Andhra Pradesh. It is situated at an elevation of 1,265 metres
and attracts lots of tourists owing to its natural flora and fauna
magnificence. It offers adventure activities like Zorbing,
Rappelling and Trekking.
Araku Valley
Belum Caves
Lush green farms in Konaseema (East
Godavari)
Visakhapatnam city
The Belum Caves in Kurnool District have a length of 3,229 metres (10,594 ft), making them the
second largest natural caves on the Indian subcontinent. The
caves have long passages, spacious chambers, freshwater
galleries, and siphons.
Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India
located in between Krishna and Godavari delta of Andhra
Pradesh. The lake is a wildlife sanctuary. The wildlife sanctuary
covers an area of 308 km.
[76]
During the winter season, the
lake is visited by many migratory birds.
Pulicat Lake is located at the border of Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu, Pulicat Sanctuary covers an area of 500 square
kilometres. It is a brackish water lagoon, the second largest in India.
The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of
Bengal. The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary which
attracts many migratory birds.
Konaseema is another place in East Godavari for nature lovers with
scenic greenery of lush paddy fields and coconut groves. All along the
banks of river Godavari and its canals.
Papi Hills are located in Khammam district, near Bhadrachalam. Boat
cruises are available on which tourists enjoy the scenic beauty of the
location in the river Godavari.
Nirmal is famous for its handicrafts and paintings. Kuntala Waterfall
located in Kuntala, Adilabad district, at 45 metres (148 ft), is the
biggest in the state.
Tourist Destinations
Apart from these, there are many more places to be visited in the
state. They include,
Visakhapatnam city that has many tourist attractions namely
Kailashagiri park near the sea, Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, the
INS Kursura S20 Submarine museum, the Dolphins Nose, a 358 m
(1,175 ft) long rocky mountain outcrop that rises 175 m (574 ft)
above the sea.
Vijayawada is also a tourist spot that includes Prakasam Barriage,
Kondapalli Fort, River Krishna, Bhavani Island and many more parks
in the city.
Hyderabad: Charminar, Golconda Fort, Chandragiri Fort,
Chowmahalla Palace, and Falaknuma Palace.
Religious Tourism
Andhra Pradesh is the home of many religious pilgrim centres.
A View of Tirumala Venkateswara
Temple
Durga Temple in Vijayawada
Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in the town of Tirumala in
Chittoor district is an important pilgrimage site for Hindus. It is
one of the richest pilgrimage temple of any religious faith in the
world.
[77]
Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple situated at Srisailam in the
Nallamala Hills of Kurnool district,
[78]
is the abode of lord
Mallikarjuna Shiva and is one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines
in India.
Kanaka Durga Temple of goddess Durga is situated on the
Indrakeeladri Hill in the city of Vijayawada on the banks of
Krishna River. Pilgrims turn out in huge numbers for the festival
of Dusshera for the colourful celebrations of Tepotsavam, and
take a holy dip in the Krishna river.
[79]
Simhachalam is a popular pilgrimage site located on a hill 20
kilometres (12 mi) north of the Visakhapatnam city centre.
Simhachalam is said to be the abode of the savior-god
Narasimha.
Bhadrachalam Temple is a temple to Lord Rama in the town
of Bhadrachalam in Khammam district. It is situated on the
banks of the river Godavari. Sri Rama Navami, a celebration
of the Marriage of Lord Rama and sita, is celebrated here
every year. Government of Andhra Pradesh sends pearls for the event.
[80]
Thousand Pillar Temple is one of the oldest temples of South India that was built by the kakatiya
located in the town of Hanamakonda in the Warangal district. There are one thousand pillars in the
building and the temple, but no pillar obstructs a person in any point of the temple to see the god in the
other temple.
Apart from these many other religious places include, Raghavendra Swami Mutt in Mantralayam of Kurnool
district, Pancharama Kshetras, Venkateswara Temple in Dwaraka Tirumala (West Godavari District),
Satayannarayana Swami temple in Annavaram (East Godavari) and Surya temple in Arasavelli in Srikakulam
District are also religious places to see in Andhra Pradesh.
The state has numerous Buddhist centres at Amaravati, Nagarjuna Konda, Bhattiprolu, Ghantasala,
Nelakondapalli, Dhulikatta, Bavikonda, Thotlakonda, Shalihundam, Pavuralakonda, Bojjannakonda
(Sankaram), Phanigiri and Kolanpaka.
[81]
Culture
Main article: Culture of Andhra Pradesh
Bapu's paintings, Nanduri Venkata Subba Rao's Yenki Paatalu (Songs about a washerwoman called Yenki),
mischievous Budugu (a character by Mullapudi), Annamayya's songs, Mango pickle (Aavakaaya),Roselle plant
(Gongura) chutney, Atla Taddi (a seasonal festival predominantly for teenage girls), the banks of river
Godavari, and the Dudu basavanna (the ceremonial ox decorated for door-to-door exhibition during the
harvest festival Sankranthi) have long defined Telugu culture.
Arts and Crafts
The village of Durgi is known for stone craft, producing carvings of idols in soft stone that must be exhibited in
the shade because they are prone to weathering.
[82]
Kalamkari is an ancient textile art form dating back to the
Indus Valley Civilisation. Andhra Pradesh is famous for doll making. Dolls are made from wood, mud, dry
grass, and lightweight metal alloys. Tirupathi is famous for redwood carvings. Kondapalli is famous for mud toys
with rich colors. The village of Etikoppaka, located in Visakhapatnam district, produces lacquered toys. Nirmal
paintings are expressive and are usually painted over a black background.
Literature
Main article: Telugu literature
Nannayya, Tikkana, and Yerrapragada form the trinity who translated the great Sanskrit epic Mahabharata
into Telugu. Pothana is the poet who composed the classic SriMad Maha Bhagavatamu, a Telugu translation
of Sri Bhagavatham, authored by Veda Vyasa in Sanskrit. Nannayya (c. 11th century CE), the earliest known
Telugu author, was patronized by the king Rajaraja Narendra who ruled from Rajamahendravaram (now
Rajahmundry). The Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya wrote Amuktamalyada. The Telugu poet Vemana,
a native of Kadapa, is notable for his philosophical poems. Telugu literature after Kandukuri Veeresalingam
(18481919) is termed modern literature. Known as Gadya Tikkana, Satyavathi Charitam was the author
Telugu-language social novel, Satyavathi Charitam. Jnanpith Award winners include Sri Viswanatha Satya
Narayana and Dr. C. Narayana Reddy. The Andhra Pradesh native and revolutionary poet Sri Sri brought new
forms of expressionism into Telugu literature.
[83]
Other modern writers include Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, the only person nominated from India for a Nobel
prize in literature since Rabindranath Tagore. The West Bengal Government conferred on him the title
Rashtrendu ("Moon of the Nation"). Telugu University awarded him an honorary Doctorate in Literature in
1994. He received the Kalidas Samman award from the Madhya Pradhesh government, and he won the Central
Sahitya Akademi fellowship in 1999. Puttaparthi Narayanacharyulu is one of the scholarly poets of Telugu
literature. He wrote the books Sivatandavam and Panduranga Mahatyam. Other notable writers from
Andhra Pradesh include Srirangam Sreenivasarao, Gurram Jashuva, Chinnayasuri and Viswanatha
Satyanarayana.
Dance, Music and Festivals
See also: Shadow Puppets of Andhra Pradesh
Main article: Music of Andhra Pradesh
Dance:
Classical dance in Andhra can be performed by both men and women; women tend to learn it more often.
Kuchipudi is the state's best-known classical dance form. The various dance forms that existed through the
state's history are Bonalu, Dappu, Chenchu Bhagotham, Kuchipudi, Bhamakalapam, Burrakatha, Veeranatyam,
Butta bommalu, Tappeta Gullu, Lambadi, Dhimsa, Kolattam, and Chindu. Jaanapadam theenmar is a popular
folk dance.
Jayapa Senani was the first person to write about the dances prevalent in Andhra Pradesh.
[84]
Both Desi and
Margi forms of dances are included in his Sanskrit treatise Nrutya Ratnavali.
Music:
Kuchipudi, dance by Yamini
Reddy
Balamuralikrishna during a concert in
Kuwait on 29 March 2006
Many composers of Carnatic music like Annamacharya, Tyagaraja, Kshetrayya, and Bhadrachala Ramadas
were of Telugu descent. Modern Carnatic music composers like Ghantasala and M. Balamuralikrishna are also
of Telugu descent. The Telugu film industry hosts many music composers and playback singers such as S. P.
Balasubrahmanyam, P.Susheela, S. Janaki, P B Srinivas. Folk songs are popular in the many rural areas of the
state. Forms such as the Burra katha and Poli are still performed today.
[85]
Festivals:
Ugadi is celebrated as the Telugu New Year. Makara Sankranti is also a famous harvest festival which is
celebrated across the state. are also major festivals. Just like in other parts of the country, many other festivals
include - Dussera, Vinayaka Chavithi, Deepavali,Maha Sivarathri. Christmas, Ramzan, Eid ul-Zuha, Muharram
etc. Muslim festivals include Bakrid and Ramzan. Christian celebrate Christmas and Easter.
Artifacts
Andhra Pradesh has many museums, the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad,
which features a varied collection of sculptures, paintings, and religious
artifacts, including the Archaeological Museum
[86]
at Amaravati near Guntur
City that features relics of nearby ancient sites, and the Visakha Museum, in
Visakhapatnam, which displays the history of the pre-Independence and thotla
konda which depicts the age old budhist stupa's and cultural style, Madras
Presidency in a rehabilitated Dutch bungalow.
[87]
Victoria Jubilee Museum in
Vijayawada has a good collection of ancient sculptures, paintings, idols,
weapons, cutlery and inscriptions. Other ancient sites include dozens of
ancient Buddhist stupas in Nagarjunakonda which is now an island in
Nagarjuna Sagar, an artificial lake that formed after the construction of
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam. The Island has a large museum that houses many
Buddhist relics.
[88]
Cuisine
Main article: Telugu cuisine
Cuisine:
Cuisine of Andhra Pradesh is famous for the rich seasoning and lots of
variety. Idli, Dosa, Vada and Uttapam are famous South India
breakfast items, famous in the state, that are made of rice. Rice is the
staple food and is used in a wide variety of dishes. Typical meal
includes rice boiled and eaten with vegetable curry. Lentils, Relishes,
chutneys and Curd based items are also included in the meal. A lot of
spices are produced in the region and hence the cuisine of Andhra
Pradesh is spiciest of all. Tamarind and Red Chillies are the distinct flavor of local cuisine. Pickles and chutneys
(sauces) are made from chilly, ginger, coconut and other vegetables like tomatoes, brinjals (eggplant), and
roselle (gongura) and are served with meals. Mango pickle (aavakaaya) is probably the best known of the
Andhra Pradesh pickles.
[89]
The coastal region of the state has abundant seafood supply. The variety of fish curry recipes are famous. It is
rich and aromatic, with a liberal use of exotic spices and ghee (clarified butter). Lamb, chicken are also the most
widely used meats in the non-vegetarian dishes.
[90]
The Prasads IMAX world's largest
3D-IMAX screen Prasads IMAX
ACA-VDCA Cricket stadium at
Madhurawada
Sweets made up of milk are widely eaten. Payasam is one of them made with milk, rice or vermicelli pudding
served both warm and cold. Pootharekulu, Bobbattlu; Paalakova; Mamidi Tandra, Khaja, Bandar Laddu,
Sunnandalu, Ariselu are famous sweets.
Cinema
Main article: Telugu Cinema
In the early 1980s, the Telugu film industry had largely shifted its base
to Hyderabad from Madras. The Telugu film culture (or,
"Tollywood") is the second-largest film industry in India next to
Bollywood Film Industry.
[91]
Hyderabad houses the Prasads IMAX
theatre, which was the biggest 3D IMAX screen in the world when it
was built in 2007.
[92]
It is also home to Ramoji Film City which is the
worlds largest integrated film studio complex at over 2,000 acres
(809 ha) of land.
[93]
Prolific film producer from the state, D.
Ramanaidu holds a Guinness Record for the most number of films
produced by a person.
[94]
Nandhamuri Taraka Rama Rao and
Chiranjeevi are the prominent figures in the Telugu film industry. In the years 2005, 2006 and 2008 the Telugu
film industry, has produced the largest number of films in India exceeding the number of films produced in
Bollywood.
[95][96]
The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the
world.
[97]
The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is the world's largest 3D IMAX screen, and the most
attended cinema screen in the world.
[98][99][100]
The state of Andhra Pradesh, consists of the most number of
cinema theatres in India.
Sports
The Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh, is the governing body which looks after the infrastructure development
in Cricket, Field hockey, Association Football, Olympic weightlifting, Chess, Water Sports, Tennis, Badminton,
Table Tennis, Cycling etc.
[101]
Sports like kho kho, kabaddi, chinni daandu and goli (marbles) are played
mostly in Andhra Pradesh.
One of the most popular sports in Andhra Pradesh is cricket. The
Hyderabad cricket team has won the Ranji Trophy twice. The Rajiv
Gandhi International Cricket Stadium is the home ground of
Hyderabad cricket team and ACA-VDCA Stadium in
Visakhapatnam to the Andhra Cricket Team. These venues regularly
hosts international as well as domestic matches. The Sunrisers
Hyderabad, an Indian Premier League franchise, is based in
Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam.
Notable cricketers from Andhra Pradesh, include Maharajkumar of
Vizianagram, M. V. Narasimha Rao, Mohammad Azharuddin, M. S.
K. Prasad, V.V.S. Laxman, Tirumalasetti Suman, Arshad Ayub,
Ambati Rayudu, Venkatapathy Raju, Sravanthi Naidu, Yalaka
Venugopal Rao etc.
Indian School of Business
School children in an elementary
school in Andhra Pradesh
Other accomplished sports-persons include, A. Ramana Rao, Karnam Malleswari, Pullela Gopichand, Sania
Mirza, Saina Nehwal, Sharath Kamal, Chetan Anand (Badminton), Guttikonda Pradeep, (Volley Ball), Mukesh
Kumar (Hockey), Saranjeet Singh (Hockey), Abdul Najeeb Qureshi, Jwala Gutta, Raman Subbarao, Kamineni
Eswara Rao, etc. Grandmasters in Chess like, Humpy Koneru, Pendyala Harikrishna, Dronavalli Harika and
Gogineni Rohit hail from the state.
Education and research
Andhra Pradesh is served by more than 20 institutes of higher
education. All major arts, humanities, science, engineering, law,
medicine, business, and veterinary science are offered, with first
degrees and postgraduate awards available.
Andhra Pradesh has 1,330 arts, science and commerce colleges;
1,000 MBA and MCA colleges; 847 engineering colleges; 53
medical colleges, one NIT(in warangal) and one Indian Institute
of Technology (in Hyderabad). The student to teacher ratio in higher education is 19:1. According to the 2011
census, Andhra Pradesh has an overall literacy rate of 67.02% (as per India 2011 Census). The male literacy
rate is 74.9% and the female literacy rate is 59.15%.
[102]
Osmania University is one of the oldest modern universities in India, and one of the largest university systems in
the subcontinent with over 300,000 students on its various campuses and affiliated colleges.
[103]
The
Government of Andhra Pradesh has established Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT)
in 2008 to cater to the educational needs of the gifted rural youth of Andhra Pradesh. The Institute specializes in
teaching and research in Information Technology and other emerging disciplines under the control of a common
university Governing Council and following a common syllabus.
The state has recently made strides in setting up several institutes.
University of Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad,
[104]
International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad
(IIIT-H),
[105]
Birla Institute of Technology and Science
Indian Institute of Biotechnology
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad,
[106]
National Institute of Technology NIT Warangal,
[107]
National Institute of Nutrition
[108]
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad
Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University
Nalsar University of Law
National Institute of Rural Development,
[109]
School of Planning and Architecture
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies,
[110]
Indian School of Business (ISB) and IFHE university's IBS, Hyderabad
[111]
National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)
Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Applied Nutrition are also located in
Hyderabad.
Tata institute of social sciences Hyderabad.
Additionally the Dr. N.T.R. University of Health Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
[112]
Osmania University,
[113]
Andhra University,
[114]
Nagarjuna University,
[115]
Kakatiya University,
[116]
Sri
Venkateswara University,
[117]
Sri Krishnadevaraya University,
[118]
Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University,
[119]
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Telangana University Nizamabad, Mahathma Gandhi University
Nalgonda, Palamur University Mahaboobnagar, Rayalaseema university, Kurnool,
[120]
Sri Venkateswara
Veterinary University(SVVU)
[121]
and private engineering colleges like Muffakham Jah College of Engineering
and Technology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and
Technology, MVSR Engineering College, GRIET, Hyderabad Institute of Technology And Management
[122]
to
serve their people across Andhra Pradesh.
Space Research
In 1969, Indian Space Research Organisation selected barrier island of Sriharikota in Nellore district of Andhra
Pradesh for a satellite launching station. Originally called Sriharikota Range (SHAR), an acronym ISRO have
retained to the present day. The centre was renamed on 5 September 2002 after the death of ISRO's former
chairman, prof Satish Dhawan as Satish Dhawan Space Centre. It is India's primary orbital launch site.
The SHAR has two launch pads. A new third launchpad will built specifically to meet the target of launching a
manned space mission by 2017.
[123]
India's lunar orbiter Chandrayaan-1 was launched from the centre at 6:22
AM IST on 22 October 2008.
Newspapers and journals
Telugu
Andhra Bhoomi
Andhra Jyothi
Andhra Prabha
Eenadu'
Namasthe Telangana
Prajasakti
Sakshi
Surya
Vaartha
Visalaandhra
Sakshi
Urdu
Awam
Etemaad daily
The Munsif Daily
The Siasat Daily
Blitz
Roznama Sahara
English
Deccan Chronicle
The Hindu
Hindustan Times
The Business Line
The Economic Times
The New Indian Express
The Times of India
The Hans India
See also
Index of Andhra Pradesh-related articles
Telangana
India at Wikipedia books
List of people from Andhra Pradesh
Middle kingdoms of India
Part One of the Constitution of India
States and union territories of India
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External links
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STD Codes of Andhra Pradesh (http://std-codes.in/stdcodes-of-Andhra-Pradesh.html)
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(http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/HomePageLinks/FactsFigures.htm)
Government
Andhra Pradesh Government Website (http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/index.asp)
Department of Tourism, Government of Andhra Pradesh (http://www.aptourism.in/)
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