Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care

UNIT# VIII
SPECIAL ISSUES IN TE DELIVE!" #$ T!ANS CULTU!AL NU!SIN% CA!E
OBJECTIVES:
At the en& of this presentation the learners 'ill (e a(le to)
1. Assess cultural specific aspects of pain experience
a. Discuss various treatment for pain !ome reme"ies#
$. Explore "ietar% &eliefs an" practices of clients from "ifferent cultures
a. I"entif% strate'ies to facilitate "ietar% c!an'e
(. Demonstrate an un"erstan"in' of !ealt! maintenance an" "isease prevention mo"els
a. )tili*e !ealt! &elief mo"el in client care
&. I"entif% reasons for non+a"!erence to treatment
c. Explore reli'ious &eliefs an" practices relate" to prevention an" !ealin' in illness
,. Demonstrate an un"erstan"in' re'ar"in' attitu"es of societ% to-ar"s sti'mati*e" "iseases.
a. Discuss societal .no-le"'e re'ar"in' infectious "iseases
&. Discuss societal attitu"es to-ar"s infectious "iseases
c. S!are -a%s of en!ancin' acceptance of in"ivi"ual -it! sti'mati*e" "iseases.
/. Descri&e spiritualit% an" its relation -it! !ealt! an" illness
a. Differentiate &et-een !ealin' an" care
&. I"entif% "ifferent met!o"s of spiritual !ealin'

CULTU!E
Set of values0 &eliefs an" tra"itions0 t!at are !el" &% a specific 'roup of people an" !an"e" "o-n
from 'eneration to 'eneration.
Culture is also &eliefs0 !a&its0 li.es0 "isli.es0 customs an" rituals learn from one1s famil%.
Culture is t!e learne"0 s!are" an" transmitte" values0 &eliefs0 norms an" life -a% practices of a
particular 'roup t!at 'ui"e t!in.in'0 "ecisions0 an" actions in patterne" -a%s.
Culture is learne" &% eac! 'eneration t!rou'! &ot! formal an" informal life experiences.
T!ANSCULTU!AL NU!SIN%
Transcultural nursing is !o- professional nursin' interacts -it! t!e concept of culture.
Base" in ant!ropolo'% an" nursin'0 it is supporte" &% nursin' t!eor%0 researc!0 an" practice.
It is a specific co'nitive specialt% in nursin' t!at focuses on 'lo&al cultures an" comparative
cultural carin'0 !ealt!0 an" nursin' p!enomena.
It -as esta&lis!e" in 12// as a formal area of in3uir% an" practice.
It is a &o"% of .no-le"'e t!at assists in provi"in' culturall% appropriate nursin' care.
DESC!IPTI#N
Accor"in' to 4a"eleine 5einin'er0 t!e pioneer of transcultural nursin'0 transcultural nursin' is a
su&stantive area of stu"% an" practice t!at focuses on t!e comparative cultural values of carin'0
t!e &eliefs an" practices of in"ivi"uals or 'roups of similar or "ifferent cultures
Accor"in' to 4ED5I6E0 transcultural nursin' is an area of expertise in nursin' t!at respon"s to
t!e nee" for "evelopin' 'lo&al perspective -it!in nursin' practice in a -orl" of inter"epen"ent
nations an" people. As a "iscipline0 it centers on com&inin' international an" transcultural
content into t!e trainin' of nurses. It inclu"es learnin' cultural "ifferences0 nursin' in ot!er
countries0 international !ealt! issues0 an" international !ealt! or'ani*ations.
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
%#ALS
T!e 'oals of transcultural nursin' is to 'ive culturall% con'ruent nursin' care0 an" to provi"e
culture specific an" universal nursin' care practices for t!e !ealt! an" -ell+&ein' of people or to
ai" t!em in facin' a"verse !uman con"itions0 illness or "eat! in culturall% meanin'ful -a%s.
T!ANSCULTU!AL NU!SES
6urses -!o practice t!e "iscipline of transcultural nursin' are calle" transcultural nurses.
Transcultural nurses0 in 'eneral0 are nurses -!o act as specialists0 'eneralists0 an" consultants in
or"er to stu"% t!e interrelations!ips of culturall% constitute" care from a nursin' point of vie-.
T!e% are nurses -!o provi"e .no-le"'ea&le0 competent0 an" safe care to people of "iverse
cultures to t!emselves an" ot!ers.
*+ CULTU!AL SPECI$IC ASPECTS #$ PAIN E,PE!IENCE
*+* Pain response an& culture
It is -ell esta&lis!e" t!at pain is a !i'!l% complex p!enomenon t!at involves &iolo'ical0
ps%c!olo'ical0 an" social varia&les.
7atients1 culturall%+&ase" responses to pain are often "ivi"e" into t-o cate'ories: stoic an"
emotive.
Stoic patients are less expressive of t!eir pain an" ten" to 8'rin an" &ear it.9 T!e% ten" to
-it!"ra- sociall%.
Emotive patients are more li.el% to ver&ali*e t!eir expressions of pain0 prefer to !ave people
aroun" an" expect ot!ers to react to t!eir pain so as to vali"ate t!eir "iscomfort.
If -e use suc! &roa" 'enerali*ations to !elp un"erstan" !uman &e!avior0 !o-ever0 -e must
al-a%s .eep in min" t!at -!ile culture is a frame-or. t!at "irects !uman &e!avior0 not ever%one
in ever% culture conforms to a set of expecte" &e!aviors or &eliefs.
An% in"ivi"ual1s experience of pain -ill manifest itself in emotional an" &e!avioral responses
particular to !is or !er culture0 personal !istor%0 an" uni3ue perceptions
In man% cultures aroun" t!e -orl" -!ere &elief is fates are stron'0 people &elieve illness an"
in:ur% are cause" &% !i'!er po-er.
;or example: in ;ilipino patient !ospitali*e" for s!oul"er sur'er% a"mitte" to !is nurse t!at !e
-as in severe pain. <o-ever !e -as not ta.in' !is pain me"ication &ecause !e &elieve" t!at it
-as =OD1s -ill t!at !e !a" suc! pain an" =OD -oul" 'ive !im stren't! to &ear it.
ASIAN CULTU!E AND PAIN !ESP#NSE
7atients from Asian cultures ma% often exemplif% stoicism in t!e face of pain0 -!ic! relates
"irectl% to stron' cultural values a&out self+con"uct.
T!is &e!avior mi'!t &e tolerate" in ver% small c!il"ren0 &ut not in a"olescents an" a"ults. In
tra"itional Asian cultures0 preservin' !armon% in interactions -it! ot!ers is ver% important0 so an
in"ivi"ual s!oul" never "ra- attention to !imself0 especiall% in ne'ative -a%s.
T!ou'! an in"ivi"ual ma% feel sa"ness or pain0 it is not customar% to ma.e t!is o&vious. On a
relate" note0 some Asian patients -ill &e sociali*e" to o&serve status "ifferences &et-een people
an" -ill avoi" ma.in' "eman"s of !ealt! care professionals for t!is reason.
Asian societies !ave tra"itionall% emp!asi*e" status "ifferences &et-een people &ase" on
varia&les suc! as a'e0 sex0 e"ucation0 an" occupation.
A "octor or nurse -ill most surel% &e seen as a person of !i'! status0 not to &e 3uestione" or
&ot!ere" -it! complaints a&out "iscomfort.
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
Use of Protective #(-ects)
7rotective o&:ects are -earie" an" !an'e" at !ome or c!ain aroun" nec.0 -rist use" to protect
from evil.
Use of Su(stances)
In some cultures it is &elieve" t!at certain foo" su&stances can prevent from illness. ;or example
eatin' ra- 'arlic or onion can prevent from illness.
!eligious Practice.
In some cultures &urnin' of can"les0 rituals of re"emption are "one to prevent illness.
ealer.
>it!in a communit%0 specific people are .no-n to !ave po-er to !eal.
*+/ VA!I#US T!EAT0ENT $#! PAIN 1#0E !E0EDIES2
7ain is unpleasant feelin' -!ic! can &e re"uce" &% exercise as a reme"%. It stren't!ens muscles0
!elpin' prevent re+in:ur% an" furt!er pain.
C!ronic &ac. pain is extremel% "iscomfortin' for an% in"ivi"ual. 4a:orit% of people aroun" t!e
-orl" suffer from &ac. pain or nec. pain. ;or effective &ac. pain treatment at !ome one must
first un"erstan" t!e pro&lem.
7re"ominant cause of &ac. pain is t!e improper posture t!at most of t!ese in"ivi"ual follo-s
"urin' t!eir -or. at !ome.
Anot!er prominent cause is t!e o&esit% amon' ma:orit% of population.
B% correctin' posture &ot! "urin' -or. an" sleep one can 'et imme"iate relief. Correct posture
-ill not onl% provi"e relief &ut also ensure t!at t!e pro&lem sta% a-a% from %ou.
In "ifferent cultures several treatments are 'iven to t!e patient in !ome
Icepac.s can !elp re"uce s-ellin' an" num& muscles an" :oint pain
In some cultures prefers moist !eat to re"uce ac!es an" pain0 for t!is process follo- t!ese 'ui"e
lines
)se ice0 never !eat in first ,? !rs. After an in:ur% an" ma.e sure never to place an ice pac.
"irectl% over t!e s.in. )se proper to-el or cotton linin'0 after t!e ,?!rs. )se !eat or alternate !eat
-it! col".
Deep &reat!in' not onl% re"uces t!e stress associate" -it! c!ronic pain &ut it ma% also !elp to
fi'!t pain itself. @ou can use "eep &reat!in' as an emer'enc% pain or stress re"ucin' measures.
In some cultures reli'ious rituals are "one to treat "isease.
<app% moo" can also re"uce anxiet%.
Alon' -it! some !ome reme"ies it is important to follo- "octor1s recommen"e" pain me"ication
plan.
/+ DIETA!" 3ELIE$S AND P!ACTICES #$ CLIENT $!#0 DI$$E!ENT CULTU!ES
DIET: in nutrition0 "iet is sum of foo" consume" &% a person or anot!er or'anism.
Dietar% !a&its are t!e !a&itual "ecisions an in"ivi"ual or culture ma.es -!en c!oosin' -!at foo"
to eat.
7roper nutrition re3uires in'estion an" a&sorption of t!e fi&er0 vitamins0 minerals0 car&o!%"rates
an" proteins.
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
!ELI%I#US AND CULTU!AL DIETA!" C#ICES
Some cultures an" reli'ions !ave restrictions concernin' -!at foo"s are accepta&le in t!eir "iet.
;or example onl% !alal foo"s are permitte" &% Islam. Bu""!ists are 'enerall% ve'etarians. T!e
practice varies an" eatin' meat ma% &e permitte" "epen"in' on t!e people.
4an% people c!oose foo" from animal sources to var%in' "e'ree for !ealt! reasons.
Aa- foo"ies are anot!er contemporar% tren". T!ese "iets ma% re3uire tunin' or supplementation
suc! as vitamins to meet or"inar% nutritional nee"s
/+* Strategies to $acilitate Dietary Changes
As a"ult 'ro- ol"er0 t!e% !ave 'reater c!ances of "evelopin' certain "iet relate" "isease suc! as
!%pertension0 !eart "isease0 cancer an" osteoporosis.
Ol"er a"ults are more li.el% to re3uire "iet mo"ification to control "iseases t!an %oun'er a"ults
&ut t!e "iet s!oul" still reflect t!e preference of t!e ol" a"ults.
"PE!TENSI#N
It is estimate" t!at /B+CBD of t!e a"ults are at t!e ris. of "evelopin' !i'! &loo" pressure.
)ntreate" !%pertension can lea" to:
o Stro.e
o Ei"ne% failure
o <eart failure
o <eart attac.
A !i'! so"ium inta.e is 'enerall% &elieve" to increase ris. of !avin' !i'! &loo" pressure. Some
people are a&le to lo-er t!eir elevate" &loo" pressure &% restrictin' so"ium consumption.
Ot!er ma% si'nificantl% "ecrease t!eir &loo" pressure &% increasin' t!eir calcium inta.e. Some
people nee" to control !%pertension -it! me"ication -!ic! usuall% is a "iuretic. ;ruits are usuall%
ric! in potassium.
EA!T DISEASE
<eart attac. is t!e lea"in' cause of "eat! an" illness. At t!e root of t!e cause for !eart attac. is a
"isease calle" arteriosclerosis -!ic! is t!e accumulation of pla3ue c!olesterol0 fatt% "eposit# on
t!e inner linin' of arter%. Diet an" nutrition are t!e focus of attention in !eart "isease.
CANCE!.
T!e !i'! fat "iet is associate" -it! !eart "isease also ma% cause certain cancers.
Stu"ies !ave s!o-n t!at -!en a "iet contains !i'! amount of fat an" c!olesterol0 intestinal &acteria &rea.
"o-n t!ese foo" stuffs into t!e su&stance t!at can cause cancer "irectl% or t!at promote t!e action of t!e
ot!er cancer causin' c!emicals.
#STE#P#!#SIS.
Osteoporosis is one of t!e most common pro&lems amon' ol"er. Calcium is 'ra"uall% lost from
t!e &ones. It can &e prevente" &% increasin' calcium inta.e in a""ition to 'ettin' plent% of
exercise. >!ile lar'e amount of calcium supplements are use" &% t!e ol"er -omen0 suc!
supplements can prevent from osteoporosis.
;luori"e is also important to &one stren't!. Osteoporosis is si'nificantl% less common in
communities serve" &% fluori"e -ater.
Vitamin C improves calcium a&sorption
Oxalic aci" in spinac! also prevents from osteoporosis
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
4+ EALT 0AINTANENCE AND DISEASE P!EVENTI#0 0#DELS
In-ury 0o&el
In:ur% is t!e lea"in' cause of "eat! in c!il"ren a'in' 1+/ %ears. 4otor ve!icle acci"ents0 violence0
"ro-nin' an" fall are lea"in' cause of in:uries in t!is a'e 'roup. 1+( %ears ol" are particularl% at
ris. of "eat! from "ro-nin'. Burns an" fires are serious cause of "eat! an" in:uries.
Nutrition.
Balances "ietar% calories -it! p!%sical activit% to maintain normal 'ro-t!0 sixt% minutes of
mo"erate to vi'orous pla% or p!%sical activit% "ail%0 eat ve'eta&les an" fruits "ail%.
4+* ealth 3elief 0o&el in Client Care
T!e !ealt! &elief mo"el -as one of t!e first an" remains one of t!e &est .no-n social co'nition
mo"els. It is !ealt! &e!avior c!an'e an" ps%c!olo'ical mo"el t!at -as "esi'ne" to pre"ict
&e!avioral responses to t!e treatment to t!e treatment receive" &% acutel% an" c!ronicall% ill
patients0 &ut in more recent %ears t!e mo"el !as &een use" to pre"ict more 'eneral !ealt!
&e!aviors0 t!e !ealt! &elief mo"el su''ests t!at %our &elief in t!e effectiveness of t!e propose"
&e!avior -ill pre"ict t!e li.e !oo" of t!e &e!avior.
An example of !ealt! &elief mo"el -oul" involve an in"ivi"ual1s opinion a&out a certain "isease
an" &e!avior to "isease.
4+/ !easons for Non A&herence to Treat5ent.
Aeasons for patient1s non a"!erence are complex. Aesearc!ers !ave foun" t!at t!e relations!ip
&et-een information 'iven to patients an" t!e extent to -!ic! instructions are follo-e" is not
al-a%s strin'. Information alone "oes not see to affect t!e "e'ree to -!ic! patients follo-
recommen"ations 'iven &% !ealt! professionals. Situational0 personalit% or socioeconomic factors
often pla% a more important race in t!e extent to -!ic! patient follo- recommen"ations t!an "o
t!e .no-le"'e an" un"erstan"in' a&out -!at t!e% are to "o.
Bot! internal an" external factors seen to influence -eat!er a patient follo-s !ealt! care a"vice.
Internal factors inclu"e patient c!aracteristics suc! as a'e0 culture0 social &ac.'roun"0 values0
attitu"e an" emotions cause" &% t!e "isease.
External factors inclu"e a relation &et-een patient an" p!%sician or nurse. Support from famil%0
!ealt! care personnel an" frien"s an" t!e impact of !ealt! e"ucation.
4+4 !eligious 3elief an& Practices !elate& To Prevention an& ealing Illness
$aith ealing.
;ait! !ealin' is !ealin' t!rou'! spiritual means. Believers assert t!at t!e !ealin' of t!e person
can &e &rou'!t a&out &% t!e reli'ious fait! t!rou'! pra%er or t!e rituals t!at accor"in' to a"!erent
stimulate a "ivine presence an" po-er to-ar"s correctin' "isease an" "isa&ilit%.
Belief in "ivine intervention or !ealin' is relate" to reli'ious &elief. In common usa'e0 fait!
!ealin' refers to intervention in initiatin' spiritual !ealin'.
!esearch of 3elief a(out 0iraculous ealing.
A stu"% of &eliefs a&out miraculous !ealin' amon' more reli'iousl% committe" !as in"icate" t!at
t!ere are si'nificant "ifferences in &eliefs a&out miraculous !ealin' even amon' people -it!in t!e
same "omination.
In Christianity.
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
One use of term fait! !ealin' is in reference to t!e &elief some C!ristians t!at =OD !eals people
t!rou'! t!e po-er of <ol% Spirit often involvin' t!e la%in' of !an"s. It is also calle" "ivine
!ealin'.
C!ristian1s p!%sician Ae'inal" B c!err% vie-s fait! !ealin' as pat!-a% of !ealin' in -!ic! in
-!ic! =o" uses &ot! t!e natural an" supernatural to !eal.
In Isla5.
T!e 7rop!et serves as a primar% mo"el for !o- to live a !ealt!% life. Illness an" sufferin' are t!e
part of -a% =OD ma"e t!e -orl". 4uslim 'enerall% "oes not see illness as "ivine punis!ment.
=OD purpose or a mean of cleanin' a-a% sins. Some 4uslims also &elieve t!at :inn or invisi&le
spirit ma% in!i&it t!e &o"% an" cause sic.ness.
Durin' sic.ness0 4uslims are to see. =o"1s -it! patience an" pra%ers0 increase t!e remem&rance
of =OD to attain peace0 as. for for'iveness0 'iven more in c!arit%.
An" rea" or listen more F)AA6.
6+ UNDE!STANDIN% !E%A!DIN% ATTITUDES #$ S#CIET" T#7A!DS STI%0ATI8ED
DISEASES
The I5pact of Stig5a
T!e sti'ma !as a si'nificant ne'ative impact on ps%c!osocial function of people -it! mental
illness t!rou'! &ot! experience" an" anticipate" "iscrimination.
In t!e -or.place0 researc!ers !ave foun" t!at t!e people -!o !ave receive" t!e la&el 8mentall%
ill9
Are un"eremplo%e" an" earn less income t!an people0 anticipate of ne'ative responses can also
lea" people -it! mental illness to -it!"ra- from or limit t!eir social an" occupational functions.
T!e impact of sti'ma is ps%c!olo'ical as -ell people -!o !ave &een treate" for mental illness0
report emotional reactions to sti'ma experiences ran'in' from an'er an" !urt to sa" an"
"iscoura'e.
6e'ative impact contri&utes to t!e lo-er self+steam0 social -it!"ra-al an" re"uce" trust in
ot!ers. Contacts -it! people -it! mental illness to less sti'mi*in' attitu"es to-ar"s people -it!
mental illness0 it seems t!at t!rou'! t!ese encounters mem&ers of pu&lic learn t!at people -it!
mental illness are not t!e "an'erous.
Bot! personal an" professional contact -it! people -it! mental illness !as &een lin.e" to re"uce
sti'ma.
6+* Societal 9no'le&ge regar&ing Infectious Diseases.
Infectious "isease also .no-n as transmissi&le "isease or communica&le "isease0 comprise
clinicall% evi"ent illness resultin' from infection0 presence of pat!olo'ic a'ent in an in"ivi"ual
!ost or'anism
0a-or Infectious Diseases
$oo& #r 7ater 3orne Diseases.
a. Bacterial "iarr!ea
&. <epatitis A an" E
c. T%p!oi"
Vector Norn Diseases.
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
a. Den'ue fever
&. 4alaria
Ani5al Contact Disease.
a. Aa&ies
3acterial Diseases .
a. Dip!t!eria
&. 7ertussis
c. Tetanus
". Tu&erculosis
e. 5epros%
f. 4enin'itis
Proto:oan Disease.
a. 4alaria
&. C!olera
c. T%p!oi"
Se;ual Trans5itte& Diseases 1STDs2.
a. <IVGAIDS
&. S%p!ilis
c. =onorr!ea
6+/ Societal Attitu&es to'ar&s Infectious Diseases.
6e'ative pu&lic reaction to emer'in' infectious "isease can a"versel% affect population !ealt!.
T!e a&ilit% to pu&lic !ealt! institutions "iseases0 ne'ative reactions ma% var% from "enial to panic
to sti'mati*ation.
Denial or minimi*ation of t!reat of an infectious "isease &% t!e population can increase
transmission. Alternativel%0 an overreaction to t!e t!reat of infectious "isease can over -!elm
pu&lic !ealt! s%stems an" lea"s to sever economic loses in areas affecte" &% t!e "isease.
Sti'mati*ation can increase pro&lems of person -it! "isease an" facilitate transmission &ecause
person -it! or at ris. for t!e "isease ma% avoi" see.in' !ealt! care.
T!e 3uantit% of information conve%e" to t!e pu&lic &% various epi"emiolo'ical c!aracteristics of
t!e "isease e.'. mo"e of transmission is important.
<+ SPI!ITUALIT" AND ITS !ELATI#NSIP 7IT EALT AND ILNESS.
>e pra% &ecause -e &elieve in =o" ans-ers pra%ers an" =o" can "irectl% intervene in !uman
affairs. <e is also t!e 'reat p!%sician -!o can cure us -it! or -it!out !elp of a s.ille" me"ical
"octor.
T!ere are also scientific explanations a&out t!e connection &et-een spiritualit% an" !ealt!. <ere
are :ust a fe- of t!e scientific fin"in's. 7ra%er increases our !ope0 -!ic! stren't!ens of immune
s%stem an" lea" to !ealt! en!ancin' actions.
A reli'ious life st%le re"uces ris. factor an" increase protective factors.
;ait! contri&utes to our sense of meanin' an" purpose0 -!ic! is important for optimal
functionin'0 p!%siolo'ical an" ps%c!olo'icall%.
Tra"itional prescription of "ail% "evotions an" -ee.l% pra%er meetin' ma% not &e enou'! to reap
t!e full !ealt! &enefits.
<+* Difference 3et'een ealing An& Cure.
Special Issues in the Delivery of Trans Cultural Nursing Care
>e ma% not &e a&le to cure ever% "isease &ut people can in"ee" &e !eale".
Cure is focuse" on a "isease an" !ealin' is relate" to in"ivi"ual as -!ole -!en -e see. cure a
"isease an" !ealin' is relate" to in"ivi"ual as -!ole.
>!en -e see. to cure a "isease our focus is on t!e "isease an" process of eliminatin' t!at
"isease. Since a !ealin' involves improvin' t!e 3ualit% of life for t!e in"ivi"uals as a -!ole0 a
"isease ma% still &e tar'ete" &ut in concert -it! t!e intent to improve t!e 3ualit% of one1s "ail%
life.
An example of !ealin' -oul" &e t!e process -!ere a "isease is controlle" or re"uce" to a point
-!ere a person1s 3ualit% of life ma% &e suc! t!at t!e "isease no lon'er interferes -it! t!eir "ail%
pro"uctivit%.
<ealin' inclu"es li&eration from t!e "isease even if t!e "isease still &e present.
>e are a lifest%le0 !ealt! an" !ealin' co+operative &ecause eac! of t!ose concepts is at t!e !eart
of -!at -e "o ever% "a%. <ealin' is t!e process of cultivatin' 3ualit% of life an" 3ualit% of life is
our mission.
<+/ 0etho&s of Spirituality.
Spiritual !ealin' is "efine" as overcomin' t!e spiritual root causes of pro&lems &% spiritual
means.
T!ere are t-o 'eneric met!o"s of spiritual !ealin'. T!ere are t-o c!oices t!at appl% to all -!o
!ave a pro&lem t!at !as its root cause in spiritual !ealin'.
Spiritual !e5e&ies
T!is is -!ere eit!er someone else or t!e affecte" person !imself performs a certain specific act to
alleviate a certain pro&lem at a spiritual level. T!e &enefit of t!is rapi" relief is &rou'!t to t!e
affecte" person. Spiritual reme"ies inclu"e application of !ol% as!0 !ol% -ater0 !ealin' t!rou'!
mantras.
Spiritual Practices.
>!en person "oes spiritual practice0 !e &uil"s !is o-n a&ilit% to protect !imself a'ainst !armful
elements in t!e spiritual "imensions
T!e first met!o" of !ealin' mostl% &rin's a&out cure of root cause spiritual pro&lems.