FW 4070 Technical Manual R3.4

FTDG-600-01-41487
FW4070 RELEASE 3.4

TECHNICAL MANUAL
ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 2006
FUJITSU LIMITED

FW4070 Release 3.4
Technical Manual
FUJITSU and FUJITSU Customer Use Only
FTDG-600-01-41487
Issue 1, September 2006

Proprietary Rights Notice
All product or service names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
This document and its contents are provided by FUJITSU Limited (FUJITSU) for guidance purposes only. This document is
provided as is with no warranties or representations whatsoever, either express or implied, including without limitation the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose. FUJITSU does not warrant or represent that the contents of
this document are error free. Furthermore, the contents of this document are subject to update and change at any time
without notice by FUJITSU, since FUJITSU reserves the right, without notice, to make changes in equipment design or
components as progress in engineering methods may warrant. No part of the contents of this document may be copied,
modified, or otherwise reproduced without the express written consent of FUJITSU.

Unpublished work and only distributed under restriction.
Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED. All Rights Reserved.

Before You Begin

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BEFORE YOU BEGIN
Read through this manual set carefully and familiarize yourself with the FW4070
equipment before configuring, installing, turning up, performing operation and maintenance
of, and troubleshooting the equipment.
Keep the manual set at hand so that you can refer to it at any time.
Observe the notices and instructions provided in this manual set for your proper and
safety installation, use and maintenance of the equipment.

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Contents

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Contents
CHAPTER 1 Notes on this Documentation........................................................... 1-1
1.1 Customer Documentation.......................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Complementary Documents ...................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation ........................................ 1-3
1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings ................................................................................. 1-3
1.3.2 Symbols for Notes ..................................................................................... 1-3
1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs.............................................. 1-3
1.4 Notes on Licensed Software...................................................................... 1-3
1.5 Standard Compliance................................................................................ 1-3
CHAPTER 2 Introduction...................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Application Types ...................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type ......................................................................... 2-2
2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type ........................................................................ 2-2
2.1.3 Local Cross-connect Type......................................................................... 2-3
CHAPTER 3 Overview of the Main Features ........................................................ 3-1
CHAPTER 4 Network Applications ....................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies............................................................... 4-1
4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function................................................ 4-2
4.3 Feeder Network Functionality.................................................................... 4-2
4.3.1 Feeder Terminal Application...................................................................... 4-2
4.3.2 Feeder Ring Application ............................................................................ 4-3
4.4 Ring Applications....................................................................................... 4-4
4.4.1 Single Ring................................................................................................ 4-4
4.4.2 Multiple Ring Closure ................................................................................ 4-5
4.4.3 Dual Ring Interworking .............................................................................. 4-6
4.5 FE Data Service Applications .................................................................... 4-6
4.5.1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) ....................................................................... 4-6
4.5.2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL).......................................................... 4-7
4.5.3 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)................................................................... 4-8
CHAPTER 5 System Description.......................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Subrack ..................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Basic Functions ......................................................................................... 5-1
5.2.1 User Data Interfaces.................................................................................. 5-2
5.2.2 Switch Fabric Functions ............................................................................ 5-2
5.2.3 Multiplex and Mapping Functions .............................................................. 5-3
5.2.4 SDH Overhead Processing Function......................................................... 5-5
5.3 Ethernet Transparent or Layer 2 Functions ............................................... 5-6
5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization ........................................................ 5-7
5.4.1 Available Timing Sources .......................................................................... 5-7
5.4.2 T0 System Clock ....................................................................................... 5-8
5.4.3 Timing Output Interface............................................................................. 5-8
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5.4.4 Real Time Clock ........................................................................................ 5-8
5.5 Laser Safety Shut-down ............................................................................ 5-8
5.6 Software/Firmware .................................................................................... 5-9
5.7 Protection Switching.................................................................................. 5-9
5.7.1 2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING).......................... 5-9
5.7.2 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)........................................ 5-11
5.7.3 1+1 Path Protection Switching (Subnetwork Connection Protection, SNC/I)5-12
5.8 Operating Terminal FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L................................... 5-14
5.9 Connection to Network Management Systems........................................ 5-14
CHAPTER 6 Components of the FW 4070 ........................................................... 6-1
6.1 Subrack and Slot Arrangement.................................................................. 6-2
6.2 List of Cards Supported............................................................................. 6-2
6.3 Power Supply Card PWR .......................................................................... 6-3
6.3.1 DC Power Supply Card ............................................................................. 6-3
6.3.2 AC Power Supply Card.............................................................................. 6-4
6.4 Fan Tray.................................................................................................... 6-5
6.5 System Main Boards (MB + 2 STM-1, MB + 2 STM-4) .......................... 6-5
6.5.1 Main Board with 2 STM-1 ........................................................................ 6-6
6.5.2 Main Board with 2 STM-4/1 ..................................................................... 6-8
6.6 Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card ( 3 E3/DS3).................... 6-10
6.7 Optical / Electrical STM-1 Interface Card ( 2 STM-1)............................. 6-11
6.8 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card (21 E1/RT)......................................... 6-13
6.9 Fast Ethernet Interface Cards (2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T) .. 6-14
6.9.1 2 FE/A Card........................................................................................... 6-15
6.9.2 6 FE/L2 Card......................................................................................... 6-17
6.9.3 6 FX/L2 Card......................................................................................... 6-19
6.9.4 8 FE/T Card........................................................................................... 6-22
6.10 Voice Interface Cards (6 FXS, 24 FXO)............................................... 6-23
6.10.1 6 FXS Card............................................................................................ 6-23
6.10.2 24 FXO Card ......................................................................................... 6-25
6.11 Optical Amplifier Card (OA) ..................................................................... 6-28
CHAPTER 7 System Control and Monitoring........................................................ 7-1
7.1 Indicating and Operating Elements of the Network Element ...................... 7-2
7.2 Control and Monitoring by FLEXR-C Network Management System......... 7-3
7.2.1 FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L.................................................................... 7-3
7.2.2 FLEXR-C................................................................................................... 7-3
7.3 Management System Protection................................................................ 7-5
7.4 NE Software .............................................................................................. 7-5
7.4.1 Application Management Module .............................................................. 7-6
7.4.2 Hardware Driven Modules ......................................................................... 7-7
7.4.3 Real-Time Multi-Task Operation System................................................... 7-7
7.4.4 SNMP Agent.............................................................................................. 7-7
7.4.5 MIB Management Module.......................................................................... 7-8

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7.5 Management Protocols and DCC.............................................................. 7-8
CHAPTER 8 Commissioning and Maintenance .................................................... 8-1
8.1 Commissioning.......................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Maintenance.............................................................................................. 8-1
CHAPTER 9 Technical Data................................................................................. 9-1
9.1 Traffic Interfaces........................................................................................ 9-1
9.1.1 Optical STM-4 Interfaces........................................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 Optical STM-1 Interfaces........................................................................... 9-2
9.1.3 Optical Amplifier (OA)................................................................................ 9-2
9.1.4 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface..................................................................... 9-6
9.1.5 Electrical 45 Mbit/s Interfaces (E 32 acc. ITU-T G.703) ............................. 9-6
9.1.6 Electrical 34 Mbit/s Interfaces (E 31 acc. ITU-T G.703) ............................. 9-7
9.1.7 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interfaces...................................................................... 9-7
9.1.8 Electrical 1.5 Mbit/s Interfaces................................................................... 9-8
9.1.9 Fast Ethernet Interfaces 100BaseTX, Electrical ........................................ 9-8
9.1.10 Electrical Ethernet Interfaces 10BaseT...................................................... 9-9
9.2 Control Interfaces ...................................................................................... 9-9
9.2.1 SNMP/TCP/IP/Ethernet Interface for Network Management System......... 9-9
9.3 Signaling Interfaces................................................................................... 9-9
9.3.1 Fault Indication and Services Status LEDs................................................ 9-9
9.4 Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization ......................................... 9-10
9.4.1 2048-kHZ Interface.................................................................................. 9-10
9.5 Switching and Delay Times ..................................................................... 9-10
9.5.1 MSPRing Protection Switching................................................................ 9-10
9.5.2 MSP Line Protection Switching................................................................ 9-11
9.5.3 SNC/I Path Protection Switching ............................................................. 9-11
9.6 Power Supply .......................................................................................... 9-11
9.7 Environmental Conditions........................................................................ 9-12
9.7.1 Climatic Conditions.................................................................................. 9-12
9.7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC......................................................... 9-12
9.8 Dimensions in mm................................................................................... 9-13
9.9 Weights in kg........................................................................................... 9-13
CHAPTER 10 Abbreviations ............................................................................... 10-1
CHAPTER 11 Index............................................................................................ 11-1

Illustrations

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Illustrations
Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)..................................................................... 2-2
Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) ................................................................... 2-3
Fig. 2.3 Local Cross-Connect (LXC) .................................................................... 2-3
Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link ....................................................................... 4-1
Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain................................................ 4-2
Fig. 4.3 Feeder Terminal Application ................................................................... 4-3
Fig. 4.4 Feeder Ring Application via Ring Closure............................................... 4-3
Fig. 4.5 Feeder Ring Application via Gateway NE............................................... 4-4
Fig. 4.6 Single Ring ............................................................................................. 4-5
Fig. 4.7 Two Ring Closure ................................................................................... 4-5
Fig. 4.8 Dual Ring Interworking Scenario 1....................................................... 4-6
Fig. 4.9 Ethernet Private Line (EPL) .................................................................... 4-7
Fig. 4.10 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) ....................................................... 4-7
Fig. 4.11 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan) ................................................................ 4-8
Fig. 5.1 FW 4070 Subrack ................................................................................... 5-1
Fig. 5.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................................................... 5-2
Fig. 5.3 SDH/PDH Multiplex Structures ............................................................... 5-4
Fig. 5.4 Timing Source Selection......................................................................... 5-7
Fig. 5.5 Example of MS-SPRING for an STM-4 Line ......................................... 5-10
Fig. 5.6 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case.......................................................... 5-11
Fig. 5.7 Linear 1+1 MSP, Switch to Protection Line........................................... 5-11
Fig. 5.8 Example of Path Protection Switching for an STM-1 Line..................... 5-13
Fig. 5.9 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System.................................... 5-14
Fig. 6.1 Overview of the System Components..................................................... 6-1
Fig. 6.2 FW 4070 Subrack Slots .......................................................................... 6-2
Fig. 6.3 DC Power Card Faceplate...................................................................... 6-4
Fig. 6.4 AC Power Card Faceplate ...................................................................... 6-5
Fig. 6.5 Fan Tray Card Faceplate........................................................................ 6-5
Fig. 6.6 2 STM-1 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth .......... 6-6
Fig. 6.7 2 STM-1 Main Board Faceplate ............................................................ 6-7
Fig. 6.8 2 STM-4 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth .......... 6-9
Fig. 6.9 2 STM- 4 Main Board Faceplate ........................................................... 6-9
Fig. 6.10 3 E3/DS3 Card Faceplate ................................................................... 6-11
Fig. 6.11 2 STM-1 Interface Card in Slot 4......................................................... 6-12
Fig. 6.12 2 STM-1 Card Faceplate..................................................................... 6-12
Fig. 6.13 21 E1/RT Card Retiming function block ............................................. 6-13
Fig. 6.14 21 E1/RT (75 Ohm) Card Faceplate ................................................... 6-14
Fig. 6.15 21 E1/RT (120 Ohm) Card Faceplate ................................................. 6-14
Fig. 6.16 2 FE/A Card Functional Block Diagram............................................... 6-16
Fig. 6.17 2 FE/A Card Faceplate ....................................................................... 6-16
Fig. 6.18 2 FE/A Card External Interfaces ......................................................... 6-16
Fig. 6.19 6 FE/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram............................................. 6-18
Fig. 6.20 6 FE/L2 Card Faceplate...................................................................... 6-19

Illustrations

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Fig. 6.21 6 FX/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram............................................. 6-21
Fig. 6.22 6 FX/L2 Card Faceplate...................................................................... 6-21
Fig. 6.23 8 FE/T Card Functional Block Diagram............................................... 6-22
Fig. 6.24 8 FE/T Card Faceplate........................................................................ 6-23
Fig. 6.25 8 FE/T Card LEDs............................................................................... 6-23
Fig. 6.26 6 FXS Card Faceplate ........................................................................ 6-24
Fig. 6.27 24 FXO Card Faceplate...................................................................... 6-26
Fig. 6.28 OA Module Functional Building Block Diagram..................................... 6-28
Fig. 6.29 OA Card Faceplate ............................................................................... 6-30
Fig. 7.1 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System...................................... 7-3
Fig. 7.2 FW 4070 NE Software Architecture ........................................................ 7-6

Tables

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Tables
Tab. 5.1 User Interfaces ...................................................................................... 5-2
Tab. 5.2 SDH Overhead Process Function.......................................................... 5-6
Tab. 6.1 Subrack Slot Arrangement and Allowable Cards ................................... 6-2
Tab. 6.2 Overview of FW 4070 Release 3.4 Cards.............................................. 6-3
Tab. 6.3 DC Power Supply Card LEDs................................................................ 6-4
Tab. 6.4 2 STM-1 Main Board STM-1 and Management Interfaces................... 6-7
Tab. 6.5 2 STM-1 Main Board LEDs.................................................................. 6-8
Tab. 6.6 2 STM- 4 Main Board STM-4 and Management Interfaces................ 6-10
Tab. 6.7 2 STM-4 Main Board LEDs................................................................ 6-10
Tab. 6.8 3 E3/DS3 Card External Interfaces.................................................... 6-11
Tab. 6.9 3 E3/DS3 Card LEDs......................................................................... 6-11
Tab. 6.10 2 STM-1 Card External Interfaces...................................................... 6-12
Tab. 6.11 2 STM-1 Card LEDs .......................................................................... 6-13
Tab. 6.12 21 E1/RT Card External Interface...................................................... 6-14
Tab. 6.13 2 FE/A Card LEDs ............................................................................. 6-17
Tab. 6.14 6 FE/L2 Card External Interfaces....................................................... 6-19
Tab. 6.15 6 FE/L2 Card LEDs............................................................................ 6-19
Tab. 6.16 6 FX/L2 Card External Interfaces....................................................... 6-21
Tab. 6.17 6 FX/L2 Card LEDs............................................................................ 6-21
Tab. 6.18 8 FE/T Card External Interfaces ........................................................ 6-23
Tab. 6.19 6 FXS Interface Card External Interfaces .......................................... 6-24
Tab. 6.20 Voice Interface Specifications.............................................................. 6-25
Tab. 6.21 6 FXS Interface Card LEDs ............................................................... 6-25
Tab. 6.22 24 FXO Card External Interfaces....................................................... 6-26
Tab. 6.23 24 FXO Card Voice Interface Specifications...................................... 6-27
Tab. 6.24 24 FXO Service Interface Module LEDs ............................................ 6-27
Tab. 6.25 OA Card Safety Procedures ................................................................ 6-29
Tab. 6.26 OA Card External Interface.................................................................. 6-30
Tab. 6.27 OA Card LEDs..................................................................................... 6-30
Tab. 9.1 STM-4 Port 1300nm / 1550nm............................................................... 9-1
Tab. 9.2 STM-1 Port 1300nm / 1550nm............................................................... 9-2
Tab. 9.3 EDFA absolute ratings........................................................................... 9-2
Tab. 9.4 EDFA reliability and standards requirements......................................... 9-3
Tab. 9.5 General requirements for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier ......................... 9-3
Tab. 9.6 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Booster .......... 9-4
Tab. 9.7 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Preamplifier ... 9-5
Tab. 9.8 155 520 kbit/s electrical interface parameters........................................ 9-6
Tab. 9.9 Fast Ethernet Traffic Interface (100BaseTX).......................................... 9-9
CHAPTER 1
Notes on this Documentation

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CHAPTER 1
1.1 Customer Documentation
The Customer Documentation of the FW 4070 comprises the following descriptions and
manuals:

Technical Manual
The Technical Manual gives an overview of the application, performance features,
interfaces and functions of the FW 4070. It also contains the most important technical
data.

The Technical Manual does not contain any instructions to be carried out.

Installation and Test Manual
The Installation and Test Manual contains instructions on mounting, connecting, and
commissioning the FW 4070, and connecting and commissioning the FLEXR-L
operating terminals.

Troubleshooting Manual
The Troubleshooting Manual provides information about the alarm list FW 4070
supports and troubleshooting procedures.

FW 4070 FLEXR-L User Manual
The FLEXR-L User Manual provides information about the FLEXR-L (features,
configuration, installation, etc.) and how to operate, monitor and maintain the FW 4070
using the Element Manager software (Application Software) running on the FLEXR-L.

Besides the FLEXR-L User Manual, the Online Help of the FW 4070 FLEXR-L software
is of high importance for the operator.

1.2 Complementary Documents
In addition to the FW 4070 customer documentation listed in Chapter 1.1, there is further
documentation:

FW 4070 Release Note
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This document identifies the specific version of the FW 4070 and provides information
on HW, SW, FLEXR-L components and the limitations of the release as well as
important notes concerning the customer documentation.

CHAPTER 1

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1.3 Symbols Used in the Customer Documentation
1.3.1 Symbol for Warnings

This symbol identifies notes which, if ignored, can result in personal injury or in permanent
damage to the equipment.
1.3.2 Symbols for Notes

Information which extends beyond the immediate context.

Cross reference to other chapters in this manual or cross reference to other manuals.

Reference to the online help system of the Element Manager software.
1.3.3 Symbols for Menu Displays and Text Inputs
Menu options from pop-up menus or inputs to be made by the user (texts, commands) are
displayed consecutively in their hierarchical sequence in pointed brackets:
<Menu> <Menu item> <Command text> <Parameter> etc.
1.4 Notes on Licensed Software
This documentation refers to software products which were taken over from other companies
as licenses.
Should problems arise, you should contact FUJITSU AG as the licensee and not the relevant
licenser.

1.5 Standard Compliance
The FW 4070 is in compliance with the following standards (as applicable):

Electronic Industry Association (EIA)

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LANs
IEEE 802.1p Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Access Method

International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
Recommendations
G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital Interfaces
G.7041/Y1303 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
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G.7042/Y1305 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for Virtual Concatenated
Signals
G.707/Y1322 Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
G.774 SDH Management Information Model for Network Element View
G.781 Synchronization Layer Functions
G.783 Characteristics of Synchronization Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment
Functional Blocks
G.784 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Management
G.803 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Transport Network Architecture
G.813 Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC)
G.823 Control Of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks which are Based On
The 2048 Kbit/s Hierarchy
G.825 The Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks which are
based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
G.826 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International,
Constant Bit-Rate Digital Paths At Or Above The Primary Rate
G.828 Error Performance Parameters and Objectives For International,
Constant Bit Rate Synchronous Digital Paths
G.829 Error Performance Events for SDH Multiplex and Regenerator Sections
G.831 Management Capabilities Of Transport Networks Based on the
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
G.841 Types and Characteristics of SDH Network Protection Architectures
G.842 Interworking of SDH Network Protection Architecture
G.957 Optical Interfaces for Equipment and System Relating to the
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
G.958 Digital Line Systems Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy for Use
on Optical Fibre Cables
G.691 Optical Interfaces for Single-Channel STM-64, STM-256, and Other SDH
Systems with Optical Amplifiers
G.664 Optical Safety Procedures and Requirements for Optical Transport
System
M.3010 Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network.
M.3300 TMN F Interface Requirements

CHAPTER 2
Introduction

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CHAPTER 2
Introduction

FW 4070 is a multi-service provisioning platform with add/drop, terminal and cross-connect
functionality for universal installation at all network levels.

All applications can be implemented using a single subrack. Reconfiguration during
operation is possible.

FW 4070 transports data signals and standard voice based traffic over one single platform.
For transporting data in the most economic way, the FW 4x70 product line combines
technologies such as Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), Link Capacity Assignment Scheme
(LCAS), and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) with the reliability and robustness of SDH
networks and a quality of service.

FW 4070 network elements provide full cross-connectivity between all interfaces. The
capacity of the Low Order (LO) switching network is up to 16 16 VC-4-equivalents. This
applies to VC-4 layer and to all cross-connection types (including unidirectional, bi-directional
and broadcast (HOCC 1:4, LOCC 1:63)).

FW 4070 can be used as:

TMX (terminal multiplexer)
ADM (add/drop multiplexer)

in multi-service transport and aggregation/switching network applications.

State-of-the-art protection switching mechanisms are supported to enable an optimum
network with the very highest reliability possible depending on the relevant network
topology and the requirements of the network operator, see Chapter 5.7.

FW 4070 is a single subrack equipment.

For detailed information about FW 4070 figures see Chapter 2.1.

2.1 Application Types

CHAPTER 2
Introduction

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In Chapters 2.1.1 to 2.1.3, an overview on usage of the FW 4070 is provided.

2.1.1 Terminal Multiplexer Type

The FW 4070 terminal multiplexer (TMX type) can be used in such configurations as point-
to-point connections or as feeder terminal for traffic aggregation to core networks.

NE
1.5 Mbit/s (PDH)
2 Mbit/s (PDH)
34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)
155 Mbit/s (STM-1, opt.)
Fast Ethernet
Voice
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/
622 Mbit/s (STM-4)
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/
622 Mbit/s (STM-4)

Fig. 2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)

The terminal multiplexer (Fig. 2.1) is equipped with a switching network thus provides cross-
connectivity between all available line and tributary interfaces on VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12
levels, as well as Fast Ethernet interfaces.
The FW 4070 provides up to 4 STM-1/4 line interface. For examples:
Simultaneous support 2 STM-4 and 2 STM-1 line interfaces
Simultaneous support 4 STM-1 line interfaces
In addition to the TMX functionality, tributary to tributary connectivity is also possible.
2.1.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer Type
The FW 4070 add/drop multiplexer (ADM type) provides add and drop functionality for the
tributary traffic to aggregate to 155 Mbit/s or 622 Mbit/s.

CHAPTER 2
Introduction

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NE
1.5 Mbit/s (PDH)
2 Mbit/s (PDH)
34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)
Fast Ethernet
Voice
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/
622 Mbit/s (STM-4)
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/
622 Mbit/s (STM-4)
West East

Fig. 2.2 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

The add/drop multiplexer type is equipped with a switching network and provides cross-
connectivity between all line and tributary interfaces on VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 levels.
The FW 4070 supports up to two ring terminations on a signal NE.

In addition to the ADM functionality, tributary-to-tributary connectivity is also possible.
2.1.3 Local Cross-connect Type

The FW 4070 can be used as a local cross-connect (LXC) (Fig. 2.3).

1.5 Mbit/s (PDH)
2 Mbit/s (PDH)
34/45 Mbit/s (PDH)
Fast Ethernet
Voice
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/
622 Mbit/s (STM-4)
155 Mbit/s (STM-1)/
622 Mbit/s (STM-4)

Fig. 2.3 Local Cross-Connect (LXC)

The local cross-connect type provides full cross-connectivity for line-to-line, line-to-tributary
and tributary-to-tributary connections.
The capacity of the LO switching network is 8 8 VC-4 equivalent in the STM-1 line interface
configuration, or 16 16 VC-4 equivalent at the STM-4 line interface configuration.
CHAPTER 2
Introduction

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This is valid for the VC-3, and VC-12 layers and cross-connection types including
unidirectional, bi-directional, and broadcast (HOCC 1:4, LOCC 1:63).

CHAPTER 3
Overview of the Main Features

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CHAPTER 3

Subrack Type
1.7 RU, 4 slots with 1 main board slot and 3 interface slots

Switch Matrix
Fully non-blocking switching matrix 8 8 VC- 4 equivalent (STM-1 configuration) or 16
16 VC-4 equivalent (STM-4 configuration) with VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 granularity

Interface Types
STM-4 optical interface (2 per system)
STM-1 optical interfaces: (2 per card and 4 per system)
2 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (8 or 21 per card)
1.5 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (21 per card)
34/45 Mbit/s electrical interfaces (3 per card)
10/100BaseT electrical interfaces: (2, 4, 6, or 8 per card)
100Base FX optical interfaces: (6 per card)
FXS electrical interfaces (6 per card)
FXO electrical interfaces (24 per card)
OA interface (1 per card)

NE features
Virtual Concatenation (VC-12)
Link Capacity Adjust Scheme (VC-12)
G.813 internal oscillator
STM-N line timing, E1 tributary timing, and station clock input timing
Near end performance monitoring
Far end performance monitoring
Software download
MIB download and upload
Auto link detection (together with RIP protocol)

Protection
MSP (1+1) for STM-1/4
SNCP for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4
2-fiber shared ring protection for STM-4 (MS-SPRing)

Ethernet Functionality
Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F (ITU-T G.7041)
MAC Self Learning
MAC address aging time configurable
IEEE 802.1Q or double-tag VLAN tag/de-tagging, filtering and forwarding
Rate limiting function per port or per VLAN/port
IEEE 802.1p CoS based on Ethernet per port or per VLAN/port
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Broadcast suppress
Multicast configuration - Static
Auto-negotiation of LAN port
Ethernet flow control on LAN and WAN ports
LCAS based on per virtual concatenation group

NE Management
Single element management by FW 4070 FLEXR-L
Service/Network/Element management by FLEXR-C and TNMS-Core
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CHAPTER 4
The network elements can be used in a straightforward way of creating point-to-point
connections, linear chain configurations and ring configurations.
According to requirements, equipping for the following application scenarios is possible:
Terminal-to-terminal topologies (see 4.1)
Linear topologies with add/drop function (chains) (see 4.2)
Feeder network functionality (see 4.3)
Ring applications (see 4.4)
4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies
Terminal-to-terminal links are supported by FW 4070 network elements in the TMX
application, with the option of 1+1 MSP for STM-1 and STM-4 interfaces.
Fig. 4.1 shows a straightforward point to point network with one TMX at the transmitting end
and another at the receiving end. It is using MSP protection switching.
NE
Tributary
interface
STM-1/
STM-4
NE
Working
Protection
STM-1/
STM-4
Tributary
interface
Line

Fig. 4.1 Terminal-to-Terminal Link

At the TMX, the client equipment is connected to the TMX through the tributary interfaces
(TDM or data traffic).
The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not mandatory.
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4.2 Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function
Linear chains are supported by FW 4070 network elements in the ADM application, with the
option of 1+1 MSP for STM-1 and STM-4 interfaces.
Fig. 4.2 shows an example for an application with MSP protection switching.

NE
Tributary
interface
STM-1/
STM-4
NE
Working
Protection
STM-1/
STM-4
Tributary
interface
Line
STM-1/
STM-4
NE
Working
Protection
STM-1/
STM-4
Line

Fig. 4.2 Add/Drop Function within a Linear Chain

An ADM is normally used at an intermediate site to add/drop client traffic. In Fig. 4.2, an
ADM is located in between two TMXs. At the ADM, selected traffic is added/dropped at VC-
4, VC-3, or VC-12 level; through connected traffic transparently passed through.
The use of MSP between the NEs is preferred for redundancy reasons but not mandatory.
4.3 Feeder Network Functionality
FW 4070 provides feeder network functionality for various topologies.
4.3.1 Feeder Terminal Application
In this application FW 4070 is used as a feeder line termination for traffic access to a core
network.
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NE
Tributary
interfaces
STM-1/
STM-4
NE
Working
Protection
STM-1/
STM-4
Line
NE
Tributary
interfaces
STM-1/
STM-4
NE
Working
Protection
STM-1/
STM-4
Line
Core Network

Fig. 4.3 Feeder Terminal Application
4.3.2 Feeder Ring Application
In this application FW 4070 is used for a feeder ring network for traffic to a core network
which may be performed via a single ring closure or via a gateway NE.
NE
NE
Tributary
interfaces
STM-1/STM-4
Feeder ring
- optional SNCP
NE
Tributary
interfaces
Tributary
interfaces
NE
Core Network

Fig. 4.4 Feeder Ring Application via Ring Closure
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NE
NE
Tributary
interfaces
STM-1/STM-4
Feeder ring
- optional SNCP
NE
Tributary
interfaces
Tributary
interfaces
NE NE
STM-1
FE
Core Network

Fig. 4.5 Feeder Ring Application via Gateway NE
4.4 Ring Applications
FW 4070 supports various ring topologies including single ring, multiple ring closure and dual
ring inter-working.
4.4.1 Single Ring
The FW 4070 line speed for a single ring can be STM4 or STM1. Normally, the maximum
number of nodes in a single ring is 16. This depends on the protection scheme and the fiber
distance being used for a specific ring.
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NE
Tributary
interfaces
NE
NE
NE
2 fiber MS-SPRing
STM-4 or STM-1

Fig. 4.6 Single Ring
4.4.2 Multiple Ring Closure
A single FW 4070 network element (NE) can interconnect two FW 4070 rings working at
STM-1 line speeds, or one STM-1 and one STM-4 line speeds. Fig. 4.7 shows 2 ring closed
on a single FW 4070 NE.
Tributary
interface
NE
NE
NE
NE
STM-4/1 ring STM-1 ring

Fig. 4.7 Two Ring Closure

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4.4.3 Dual Ring Interworking
Two FW 4070 rings working at different or the same line speeds can be interconnected and
protected by the Dual Node Ring Interworking (DNI) protection mechanism as depicted in
Fig. 4.8.

A FW 4070 ring can also be dual interconnected with other FW rings such as FW 4370, or
FW 4270 rings to provide increased network reliability for inter-ring traffic.
NE
Tributary
interface
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
STM-4/1ring STM-4/1 ring
NE
NE
NE
NE

Fig. 4.8 Dual Ring Interworking Scenario 1
4.5 FE Data Service Applications
FW 4070 provides data transport over SDH, and offers various data applications in addition
to traditional TDM applications.

The FW 4070 system supports the following three FE data transmission services:
1) Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
2) Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
3) Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)
4.5.1 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
FW 4070 Ethernet Private Line Service offers dedicated, point-to-point Ethernet connectivity
at Fast Ethernet speeds(10 Mbps or 100 Mbps).

The provision of higher bandwidth Ethernet connectivity not only reduces costs but also
enables new applications to be delivered across the Enterprise WAN.
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NE
NE
NE
NE 1VC-4
1VC-12
FE
8 FE/T
8 WAN Ports
8 LAN Ports (FE)
FE
FE
FE

Fig. 4.9 Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
4.5.2 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
For the Ethernet Virtual Private Line, the customer still gets point-to-point connectivity, but
over shared instead of dedicated bandwidth. IEEE 802.1p QoS/CoS with 4 priorities is
supported.

The EVPL is useful when creating hub-and-spoke architectures in which multiple remote
offices all require access to a headquarters or multiple customers all require access to an
ISPs POP (point of presence).
NE
NE
NE
NE
VC-12-Xv
FE
6 FE/L2
or
6x FX/L2
VC-12-Xv
6FE (Client)
2 FE/A
2FE (Client)
6 WAN ports
2 WAN ports
VC-12-Xv
FE FE

Fig. 4.10 Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
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4.5.3 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)

The Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan) service provides multipoint connectivity over dedicated
bandwidth, i.e., it may connect two or more subscribers (customer). Subscriber data sent
from one customer can be received at one or more of the other customers. Each site
(customer) is connected to a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC and uses dedicated resources so
different customers Ethernet frames are not multiplexed together. As new sites (customers)
are added, they are connected to the same multipoint EVC thus simplifying provisioning and
service activation. From a subscriber standpoint, an EPLan makes the MSTP network look
like a LAN.

EPlan (Ethernet Private LAN) architecture differs from EPL in that rather than use a
predefined mapping between VLAN tags and link connections, the operators network
equipment, uses Ethernet switching (i.e. Bridge learning) to pass Ethernet frames to the
appropriate link. However this makes it difficult to guarantee performance as network
Ethernet switching introduces additional latency and probability of increased packet loss.

FW 7020 brings multiple WAN interfaces into a layer 2 switching. Customer service can be
delivery through dedicated VCGs with little latency and little packet loss. WAN interface can
be provisioned individually by using FLEXR-C.

NE
NE
NE
NE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
FE
4FE (Client)
4 WAN ports
Multipoint to Multipoint
EVC
4 FE/L2

Fig. 4.11 Ethernet Private LAN (EPLan)
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CHAPTER 5
System Description
The following sub-chapters give a functional and technical overview of the main features of
the FW 4070 uncoupled to the physically interfaces. For information about hardware relevant
features please refer to Chapter 5.1.
5.1 Subrack

The picture of the FW 4070 is shown below. The subrack is 1.7 RU high. The racks used
comply with the dimensions recommended by ETSI (European Telecommunications
Standards Institute): W = 600 mm, H = 2200 mm and D = 300 mm (ETS 300 119). Up to 10
FW 4070 subracks can be installed into a 2200mm or 2600 mm high ETSI rack or an EIA
310 19 rack. The space between the two adjacent subracks should be at least 2-rack-units
apart.

Fig. 5.1 FW 4070 Subrack

5.2 Basic Functions
Fig. 5.2 shows the basic functional structure of the FW 4070 NE.

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MS OH
Process
RS OH
Process
L2
Switching
H
O
C
C
/
L
O
C
C
M
S

O
v
e
r
h
e
a
d

P
r
o
c
e
s
s
R
S

O
v
e
r
h
e
a
d

P
r
o
c
e
s
s
V
C

M
a
p
p
i
n
g
System Controller Timing control Maintenance Panel
FLEXR-C NMS
/ FLEXR-LLCT
Output Input
External Timing
Ethernet
Interface
STM-1
Interface
PDH
Interface
STM-4/1
Interface
GFP
STM-4/1
Interface
Line interfaces
East
Line interfaces
West
Tributary
interfaces

Fig. 5.2 Functional Block Diagram

On the line side, the send/receive modules (SDH) carry out the conversion to
optical/electrical signals. The SDH cards can be equipped with various transceiver modules
(SFP modules) in several distance variants up to 622 Mbit/s.
On the tributary side, the FW 4070 supports various PDH, Ethernet, and STM-1 interfaces.
The central element of FW 4070 includes system controller, cross-connect matrix, and timing
functions.
5.2.1 User Data Interfaces
FW 4070 can be equipped with the following interfaces (line and tributary signals):
Interface Type Bit Rate Connection Ports per Card
SDH 622 Mbit/s (STM-4) optical 2 (bidirectional)
SDH 155 Mbit/s (STM-1) optical 2 (bidirectional)
PDH 34 Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s electrical 3 (bidirectional)
PDH 2 Mbit/s electrical 21 (bidirectional)
PDH 1.5 Mbit/s electrical 21 (bidirectional)
Ethernet 10/100BaseTx electrical 2, 6, or 8 (full duplex)
Ethernet 100Base FX optical 6 (bidirectional)
Optical Amplifier based on client bit rate optical 1 (bidirectional)
Voice (64 Kbit/s) electrical 6 (FXS), 24 (FXO)
Tab. 5.1 User Interfaces
5.2.2 Switch Fabric Functions
The switching device provides high order (HO) and low order (LO) switching at the same
time.
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In the switch matrix, SNCP is implemented for each VC-4/VC3/VC12 switching hierarchy and
input signal. The configuration of the switch matrix and of the SNCP is done by software
support.

Capacity of the Cross-connect Matrix
The FW 4070 has the following cross-connection capacity:
HOCC: 8 8 VC-4 (with STM-1 MB) and 16 16 VC-4 (with STM-4 MB)
LOCC: 504 504 VC-12 (with STM-1 MB) and 1008 1008 VC-12 (with STM-4 MB)

Cross-connection
All types of cross-connections are possible. The switch matrix is a non-blocking square
structured matrix for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.

Granularity
The configurable and simultaneously usable switching hierarchies of the matrix are VC-4,
VC-3, and VC-12.

HO and LO VC-n Connectivity
The switching matrix allows the following connections:
Unidirectional connections
Unidirectional point-to-multipoint (including 1+1 SNC head end)
Bi-directional connections
Broadcasting (HOCC 1:4, LOCC 1:63)
Drop and continue
Selector 2 1 (protected tail end for 1+1 SNCP)

Concatenation
Virtual concatenated VC-12 signal and protection switching are supported. The group of
constituent paths that belong to a concatenated signal is determined by the
Telecommunication Network Management and written to an internal configuration table.
Using this information, the FW 4070 software is able to set signal fail or signal degrade
alarms for all paths of a concatenated signal channel. In order to keep the (differential) delay
of the signals low, all constituent paths of a concatenated signal must be on the same optical
trail; it results in a bundling rule for the Telecommunication Network Management.
5.2.3 Multiplex and Mapping Functions
The FW 4070 transmits SDH and PDH signals. Fig. 5.3 shows the organization and
relationship of SDH and PDH multiplex structures.

Chapter 9.1 summarizes the possible user data interfaces for FW 4070 NEs.
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VC-4
D45
AUG AU-4
D2
TUG-3
TUG-2
D34
TU-3 VC-3 C-3
VC-12 C-12
SDH PDH
3x
1x
3x
34 Mbit/s
45 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
Nx
7x
TU-12
STM-N
N = 1, 4
D1.5 VC-11 C-11
1.5 Mbit/s

Fig. 5.3 SDH/PDH Multiplex Structures
5.2.3.1 SDH HO/LO Multiplexer and Mapping Functions

The FW 4070 implements the following HO/LO multiplexing and mapping methods:
VC-4 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with an AU-4, according to
ITU-T G.707. The AU-4 may further be mapped via AUG-1 into STM-1 or via AUG-1 and
AUG-4 into STM-4.
VC-3 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with a TU-3, according to
ITU-T G.707. The TU-3 is further mapped via TUG-3 into VC-4.
VC-12 containers are aligned (with frame offset information) with a TU-12, according to
ITU-T G.707. The TU-12 is further mapped via TUG-2 and TUG-3 into VC-4.
5.2.3.2 PDH Mapping into SDH Containers
The FW 4070 implements the following mapping of PDH signals on SDH containers:
34-Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-3 asynchronously, according to ITU-
T G.707. The VC-3 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-3 and TUG-3.
2-Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-12 asynchronously, according. to ITU-T G.707. The
VC-12 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-12, TUG-2 and TUG-3.
1.5-Mbit/s signals are mapped into a VC-11 asynchronously, according to ITU-T G.707. The
VC-11 is further mapped on a VC-4, via TU-12, TUG-2 and TUG-3.
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5.2.3.3 Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions
The FW 4070 supports Ethernet frame mapping into SDH containers. So LAN traffic can be
transported over different SDH payload sizes (requires encapsulation by using an
appropriate protocol and mapping of the resulting frame into a SDH container).
For encapsulation, the Generic Framing Procedure (GFP-F acc. to ITU-T G.7041) protocol is
used. The encapsulated protocol frames can be mapped into different SDH containers using
the virtual concatenation technique.

Ethernet Mapping into SDH Containers
FW 4070 supports a flexible mapping scheme:

Ethernet Mapping into LO virtually concatenated Containers
Mapping into VC12, VC-12-Xv (X = 1 to 46).
This mapping function is supported for the Fast Ethernet ports.
Encapsulated GFP-F frames can be mapped into different Low Order container sizes
providing a scalable solution that can cover network applications with very different transport
capacity requirements.

GFP-F Mapping
The Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) is supported by the Fast Ethernet interfaces.
GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals over an
octet synchronous transport network. This is a simple and robust encapsulation method for
packet traffic. All of the relevant MAC layer information, from destination address through
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) inclusive, is preserved intact by the mapping.
The FW 4070 uses a PDU-oriented, frame-mapped adaptation mode (GFP-F) for client
signal adaptation.
GFP-F does not rely on flag characters and associated control escape octet for frame
delineation purposes as HDLC does. Instead, GFP-F uses a variation of the HEC-based
(Header Error Control) frame delineation mechanism defined for Asynchronous Transfer
Mode (ATM). This avoids non-deterministic expansion of the client signal due to insertion of
control escape characters.
5.2.4 SDH Overhead Processing Function
The FW 4070 supports the following SDH overhead process:
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SDH Overhead Name Description FW 4070 Support
A1, A2 Framing Bytes
J0 Regenerator Section Trace
B1 Regenerator Section BIP-8
E1 Regenerator Section Order wire
F1 Regenerator Section User Channel
RS-OH
D1~D3 Section DCC
B2 BIP-Nx24
K1, K2 (b1~b5) APS
K2 (b6~b8) MS-RDI
D4~D12 Multiplex Section DCC
S1 Synchronous Status
M0, M1 MS-REI
MS-OH
E2 Line Orderwire
J1 Path Trace
B3 Path BIP-8
C2 Path Signal Label
G1 Path Status
F2 Path User Channel
H4 Position and Sequence Indicator
F3 Path User Channel
K3 (b1~b4) APS
K3 (b5~b6) Spare
K3 (b7~b8) Data link
VC-4-Xc/VC-
4/VC-3 POH
N1 Network Operator Byte
V5 (b1~b2) BIP-2
V5 (b3) LP-REI
V5 (b4) LP-RFI
V5 (b5~b7) Signal Label
V5 (b8) LP-RDI
J2 Path Trace
N2 Network Operator Byte
K4 (b1) Extension Signal Label
K4 (b2) Virtual Concatenation ID
VC-2/VC-1
POH
K4 (b3~b8) Reserved
Tab. 5.2 SDH Overhead Process Function
5.3 Ethernet Transparent or Layer 2 Functions
The FW 4070 supports Ethernet data transparent transmission and Layer 2 functions as
follows:
FE port auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame structure
Ethernet performance monitoring and alarms
VLAN and double VLAN tagging
Access Control List (ACL) based on MAC addresses
Rapid Spanning Tree (802.1w)
Layer 2 static multicast functions
Rate limiting function at per port or per VLAN/port, the rate range of each port is from
200kbps~100Mbps (FE), and the rate provisioning granularity is 1kbps.
802.1p CoS based on Ethernet port or per VLAN plus per port
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5.4 Clock Pulse Supply, Synchronization
Every network element (NE) clock may be synchronized by a very accurate timing source,
normally by a primary reference source (PRC) according to the master-slave principle. The
SETS is responsible for generation of system and output clock signals.
According to the ETSI recommendation, T3 T2 and T1 are the synchronization timing
sources, T0 is the internal NE system clock and T4 is the timing output interface.
Selection SETS
T4
T0
T3
T1
T2

Fig. 5.4 Timing Source Selection
5.4.1 Available Timing Sources
The SETS synchronization for the FW 4070 is derived from any of the following external
ports:
From any STM-N ports (T1, T2)
From a station clock from the central office
From an E1 tributary input (T3) , or
From the internal Stratum 3 clock (ITU-T G.813 Option 1)( only apply to the STM-4 Main
Board)

The FW 4070 supports SDH Synchronization Status Message (SSM) on STM-4 interfaces,
STM-1 interfaces, and the framed 2 Mbit/s synchronization output signal (connected to the
station output clock).
A Synchronization Status Message (SSM) signal can be used to transfer the signal quality
level throughout a network. This guarantees that all network elements will always be
synchronized to the highest quality clock available.
The SSM function on the FW 4070 can be user provisioned as enabled or disabled. When
the SSM function is disabled, all STM-N interfaces and framed 2 Mbit/s synchronization
output signal interface will send out a DNU (do not use for sync) signal.
There are 4 possible quality levels specified in the SSM for timing reference sources: PRC,
SSU-A, SSU-B, and SEC. In addition, DNU is specified in SSM. The quality of each timing
reference source can either be retrieved from the incoming the SSM or provisioned from the
network management system.
The FW 4070 supports the synchronization source switching algorithm based on SSM
defined in ITU-T G.781.
The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for the timing reference source is between 0-12 minutes and
can be set from the network management system in minute increments. The default value is
5 minutes.
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5.4.2 T0 System Clock
The T0 system clocks are used in the NE for traffic processing, OH/DCC busses, internal
system communication between the system controller and each card, and for the distribution
of the absolute time.
T0 clocks include the following two signals:
Clock signal 19.44 MHz; point to point distribution.
Frame clock signal 8 kHz; point to point distribution.
All cards receive the T0 clocks.
5.4.3 Timing Output Interface
The System Main Board provides one of the following interfaces to offer synchronization to
external devices:
2 Mbit/s, framed or unframed
2 MHz
5.4.4 Real Time Clock
For time stamps (time and date) in FW 4070 error and operational messages, a real time
clock is available (within the SETS).
The date and time for the real-time clock within the NE can be set and requested from the
FLEXR-L/OS.
5.5 Laser Safety Shut-down
To prevent possible personal injury from emerging laser light in the case of a line interruption
(e.g. fiber break), a laser safety shut-down function (ALS Automatic Laser Shut-down) has
been specified in ITU-T G.958 and ITU-T G.664. In the event of signal failure at the optical
receiver of FW 4070 equipment, the laser transmitter is switched OFF in this equipment for
the opposite direction, removing the disturbed field from operation. The laser transmitter is
then switched ON cyclically every 100 seconds for approximately 2 seconds of testing. If the
receiver on the concerned device receives a valid signal again, the laser transmitter for the
opposite direction is immediately put into continuous operation again.
When switching ON internal power supplies or after a laser switch-off caused by total failure
of the power supply in the telecommunications center, the laser transmitter(s) must be force
switched ON for approximately 2 seconds after the permissible operating conditions have
been reached. The line is automatically put back into operation in this method.
In the case of line interruption or for maintenance work, the laser transmitter must be
switched on manually for approximately 2 seconds or approximately 90 seconds (for test
purposes). The transmitter is switched back ON via the operating terminal.

No ALS function is supported for Ethernet interfaces. These interfaces fulfill the requirements
of laser hazard level 1 without ALS.
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5.6 Software/Firmware
The System Controller (SC) located in main board is equipped with micro controllers for
monitoring, controlling, and maintaining status information. They are programmed with
embedded firmware held in Flash-EEPROMs.
A software download facility is available. The download can be done remotely or locally via
the element manager or local craft terminal.
The internal configuration MIB database of the system can be uploaded and downloaded. It
is stored redundantly and robust to any card failure.
5.7 Protection Switching
FW 4070 supports the following SDH traffic protection functions:
2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING) on the STM- 4 interface.
Traffic protection functions on the STM-N multiplex section layer (Linear MSP)
Subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) functions on the VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 path
layers.
Traffic protection functions are partly coupled with equipment protection features. This
generally achieved by including some HW components (e.g. SFP modules) within a
protected signal section.
5.7.1 2-Fiber Shared Ring Protection Switching (MS-SPRING)

A 2-fiber MS-SPRING is a bidirectional (duplex transmission) ring where both directions of
traffic transmission use the same set of nodes under normal conditions. When there is a
failure on the working path, the traffic will be switched to protection bandwidth.
The changeover criteria are specified individually when configuring the network element. An
Automatic Protection Switching (APS) protocol is required.
The switchover to the protection bandwidth occurs in revertive mode, i.e. if there was a
switchover to the protection bandwidth as a result of a working bandwidth fault, there is
automatic switchback to the original path once the fault is rectified.
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Working Traffic Protection Traffic

Fig. 5.5 Example of MS-SPRING for an STM-4 Line
5.7.1.1 MS-SPRING Protection Characteristics
Architecture: 2 fiber shared protection
Switching type: bidirectional
Operation type: revertive
The wait-to-restore (WTR) time for MSPRing is between 1-12 minutes and can be set from
the network management system in second increments. The default value is 5 minutes.
5.7.1.2 Criteria for Initiating the Protection Switching Process
Internal switch requests:
Signal failure SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM, MS-AIS, MS-EXC)
Signal Degrade SD (from MS-DEG)
External switch requests:
Lockout of protection (LP)
Forced switch to working/protection
Manual switch to working/protection
Clear
5.7.1.3 Extra Traffic Mechanisms
Extra traffic mechanisms means the traffic carried over the protection entity while the
working entity is active. Extra traffic is not protected. When the protection entity is required
to protect the traffic that is being carried over the working entity, the extra traffic is dropped.
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5.7.2 1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
Protection switching is fulfilled in the equipment according to the relevant ETSI/ITU-T
standards ETS 300417-3-1 and G.841, respectively. Fig. 5.6 shows the general switching
architecture for completing a linear 1+1 MSP with two line interfaces:
Working port
Protection port
Working
Traffic
MSP
Bridge/Selector

Fig. 5.6 Linear 1+1 MSP, Fault-free Case

In 1+1 Linear MSP, the client traffic is always transmitted over the working and protection
path simultaneously (MSP bridge).
In case of fiber break (Fig. 5.7), the SDH card detects the fault and the MSP selector
automatically selects the incoming traffic from the protection path.
Working port
Protection port
Working
Traffic
MSP
Bridge/Selector

Fig. 5.7 Linear 1+1 MSP, Switch to Protection Line

In FW 4070, Linear MSP is realized on per port basis. All related interfaces offer at least two
ports and therefore it is not necessary to have a dedicated working and a dedicated
protection card. As all the optical traffic cards offer hot changeable optical plug-in modules
(SFPs) the 1+1 MSP protection always comes with some kind of hardware protection.
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FW 4070 MSP supports both single-ended and dual-ended MSP (revertive or non-revertive).
All SDH traffic interfaces of FW 4070 support 1+1 MSP protection scheme.
5.7.2.1 MSP Protection Characteristics
Interface Type: STM-1, STM-4
Architecture: 1+1
Switching type: unidirectional (single ended) or bi-directional (dual-ended)
Operation type: revertive or non-revertive
Linear MSP can either be initiated automatically or manually using the operating
terminal/OS.
SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, MS-AIS, RS-TIM, MS-EXC)
SD (from MS-DEG)
External switch requests(from values below; selected one at a time):
Lockout of Protection, LP
Forced Switch, FS_P (working traffic to protection line)
Forced Switch, FS_W (working traffic to working line)
Manual Switch, MS_P (working traffic to protection line)
Manual Switch, MS_W (working traffic to working line)
Clear
5.7.3 1+1 Path Protection Switching (Subnetwork Connection Protection,
SNC/I)
The data signal is transmitted via two different paths and can be implemented in line or ring
structures (Fig. 5.6).
SNC protection is a linear protection scheme which can be applied on an individual basis to
VC-n signals. It does not need to be used on all VCs within a multiplex section. It does not
need to be used on all LO VCs within a HO VC. The SNC/I mechanism switches on server
failures using inherent monitoring as defined in ITU-T G.841. A Protection Protocol is not
required.
The switchover between the working and the protection path can be configured as non-
revertive or revertive mode. In the non-revertive mode, if there is a switchover to the
protection path as a result of a transmission fault, there is no automatic switchback to the
original path once the fault is rectified, but only if there is a fault on this new path. In the
revertive mode, if there was a switchover to the protection path as a result of the working
path fault, there is an automatic switchback to the original path once the fault on the working
path is rectified.
In FW 4070, the 1+1 SNCP can be categorized into High Order SNCP and Low Order
SNCP.

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System Description

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Network Element
Network Element
Protecti on Line Working Line
AU4/VC-4 AU4/VC-4
AU4/VC-4 AU4/VC-4

Fig. 5.8 Example of Path Protection Switching for an STM-1 Line
5.7.3.1 SNCP Protection Characteristics
Architecture: 1+1
Layers:
VC-12
VC-3
VC-4
Switching type: unidirectional (single ended)
Operation type: non-revertive, revertive
Signal fail SF (from SSF)

External switch requests
Lockout of protection
Forced switch to working/protection
Manual switch to working/protection
Clear
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5.8 Operating Terminal FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L
Network elements can be operated and monitored via the software FLEXR-C FW 4070
FLEXR-L software.
The FW 4070 FLEXR-L is used primarily for local management and commissioning of
network elements. The FLEXR-L is connected via the Management Interface and allows for
access to the network element locally or remotely.
For further information about operation, control and monitoring via FW 4070 FLEXR-L
operating terminals see FW 4070 FLEXR-L User Manual.
5.9 Connection to Network Management Systems
Fig. 5.9 shows the integration of FW 4070 network elements in the TMN system. Access
from TMN to FW 4070 NEs is fulfilled via SNMP over TCP/IP (direct access) and SNMP over
TCP/IP/PPP or TCP/IP/HDLC or TCP/IP/OSILight (via dedicated SOH channels within traffic
links DCCM or DCCR) interfaces.
OSILight is an IP over CLNS (Connectionless Network Service) Tunnel protocol stack.
OSILight lets IP traffic be transported over Connectionless Network Service; for instance, on
the data communications channel (DCC) of OSI based SDH equipment. OSILight enhances
interactions with the CLNS network, allowing IP packets to be tunneled through the
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) to preserve TCP/IP services.
The selection of PPP, HDLC, or OSILight is user configurable.

NE NE
TMN
(Telecommunications Management Network)
EM
(Element Manager)
F
IP over PPP
or HDLC
SNMP over TCP/IP
NE
OSI based
DCC
IP over
OsiLight
IP over
OsiLight

Fig. 5.9 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System

CHAPTER 6
Components of the FW 4070

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CHAPTER 6
This chapter explains FW 4070 main system components. Fig. 6.1 gives a first overview.

2 STM-1 MB
2 STM-4 MB
21 E1/RT (75)
21 E1/RT (120)
3 E3/DS3
2 FE/A
6 FE/L2
6 FX/L2
Hardware SW Package
LCT
ETS System Rack
6 FXS
8 FE/T
LCT
SW
LCT
HW
1)
1)
1) Can be equipped with various
pluggable optical transceiver
modules (SFP)
24 FXO
OA
System
Subrack

Fig. 6.1 Overview of the System Components
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6.1 Subrack and Slot Arrangement

The FW 4070 NE is an integrated subrack and all cards are rear pluggable. The FW 4070
subrack consists of 1 mainboard slot, 1 power slot, 1 fan tray slot, and 3 slots which can be
flexibly configured for interface cards usage.

The subrack layout is shown below and the allowable cards in each slot are described in
Tab. 6.1.
Slot 4 Slot 3
Slot 1
(Main Board)
Slot 2
Slot 6
(Fan
Tray)
Slot 5
(Power)

Fig. 6.2 FW 4070 Subrack Slots

Slot Name Allowable Card
Slot 1 (MB) MB with 2 STM-1 card, or
MB with 2 STM-4 card
Slot 2 2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T, 21 E1/RT (75 ), 21 E1/RT
(120 ), 3 E3/DS3, 6 FXS, 24 FXO, OA
Slot 3 2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T, 21 E1/RT (75 ), 21 E1/RT
(120 ), 3 E3/DS3, 6 FXS, 24 FXO, OA
Slot 4 2 STM-1, 2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8 FE/T, 21 E1/RT (75 ),
21 E1/RT (120 ), 3 E3/DS3, 6 FXS, 24 FXO, OA
Slot 5
(PWR)
1 - 48V DC (range 38 V to 72 V) power supply card with two -48V
input ports on it, or
1 100~240V single AC power supply card
Slot 6
(FAN TRAY)
1 Fan tray with 2 fans

Tab. 6.1 Subrack Slot Arrangement and Allowable Cards
6.2 List of Cards Supported
FW 4070 Release 3.4 provides following cards:

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Card Name Explanation
DC Power Supply 2 -48V DC (range 38 V to 72 V) power supply
AC Power Supply 1 100~240V AC power supply
Fan Assembly 1 Fan tray with 2 fans
MB w 2 STM-1 System controller with 2 STM-1 optical interfaces
MB w 2 STM-4 System controller with 2 STM-4 optical interfaces
2 STM-1 2 STM-1 optical interface card , only use in Slot 4
2 FE/A 2 FE electrical interface card with Layer 2 function and 6 WAN ports; (A indicates this
card supports Ethernet Layer 2 function and the total number WAN ports on this card is
greater than the total number of LAN ports)
6 FE/L2 6 FE electrical interface card with Layer 2 function and 2 WAN ports (L2 indicates this
FE card supports Ethernet Layer 2 function and there are two WAN ports on this card)
6 FX/L2 6 FE optical interface card with Layer 2 function and 2 WAN ports (L2 indicates this FE
card supports Ethernet Layer 2 function and there are two WAN ports on this card)
8 FE/T 8 FE/T Transparent electrical interface card (T indicates this FE card only supports
transparent FE traffic transmission and therefore the number of WAN ports on this card is
the same as the number of LAN ports)
21xE1/RT (75
Ohm)
21 E1 electrical interface card, 75 Ohm impedance.
The first 8 port support retiming function; it is per port configurable
21xE1/RT (120
Ohm)
21 E1 electrical interface card, 120 Ohm impedance.
The first 8 port support retiming function; it is per port configurable
3 E3/DS3 3 E3/DS3 electrical interface card, per port configurable
6 FXS 6 standard voice interface for analog voice telephone
24 FXO 24 standard voice interface
OA 1 uni-directional channel optical amplifier, can be used as pre-, post-, or inline amplification
applications

Tab. 6.2 Overview of FW 4070 Release 3.4 Cards

For more detailed information about the modules/cards see the following chapters.
6.3 Power Supply Card PWR
The FW 4070 supports both AC and DC power supplies as described below.
6.3.1 DC Power Supply Card
Function
The FW 4070 DC power supply card provides two 48V (range 38 V to 72 V) DC power
supply interfaces. It converts the input supply voltage into regulated operating secondary
voltages. The outputs are isolated from the input. All output circuits have a common
reference point, which is connected to the grounding layers on the backplane.
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There are two external replaceable fuses and two green color LEDs labeled PWR on the
faceplate. LED ON indicates that the corresponding power supply is on; otherwise the power
supply is off.
The power supply card is a pluggable module.

Faceplate

Fig. 6.3 DC Power Card Faceplate

LEDs
LED name Color Description
A Green
On: Power supply A is on
Off: Power supply A is off
B Green
On: Power supply B is on
Off: Power supply B is off
Tab. 6.3 DC Power Supply Card LEDs

6.3.2 AC Power Supply Card
Function
The FW 4070 AC power supply card provides one 100 ~ 240V AC power supply interfaces. It
converts the input supply voltage into regulated operating secondary voltages. The outputs
are isolated from the input. All output circuits have a common reference point, which is
connected to the grounding layers on the backplane.
There is a manually controlled switch on the module to allow operators to turn the power
supply on or off.

Faceplate
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Fig. 6.4 AC Power Card Faceplate
6.4 Fan Tray
FW 4070 has one fan tray to support subrack cooling. The fan tray is equipped with 2 fans
and is located at the left side of the subrack. The fan tray is replaceable when the system is
in service.

Faceplate

Fig. 6.5 Fan Tray Card Faceplate
6.5 System Main Boards (MB + 2 STM-1, MB + 2 STM-4)
The FW 4070 main board is located in slot 1. It provides an SDH cross-connect, node
management(with management interface), external timing clock input/output interfaces,
system alarms(LEDs and interfaces), and 2 STM-1 or 2 STM-4 interfaces.
The FW 4070 main board has two options to choose from:
Main Board with 2 STM-1, or
Main Board with 2 STM-4
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6.5.1 Main Board with 2 STM-1
This card provides an SDH cross-connect, node management(with management interface),
external timing clock input/output interfaces, system alarms(LEDs and interfaces), and 2
STM-1 optical/electrical interfaces.

Cross-Connect
The 2 STM-1 Main Board supports an 8 8 VC-4 equivalent LOCC. The switching-matrix
provides a non-blocking switching of all traffic at VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4 levels. In other
words, each VC-12 on any slot can be switched with any other VC-12 on the same module
or on any other chassis slots. The cross-connect bandwidth assignment is illustrated as
follows:

Slot 4
1VC4
Slot 3
Slot 2
88 VC-4 Equivalent LOCC
(Slot 1)
STM-1 STM-1

Fig. 6.6 2 STM-1 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth

The following types of cross connects are possible on the cross connect unit:
Uni-directional
Bi-directional
Loop backs
Multicast (1 m, m the number of total CC output ports)

The STM-1 main board supports timing function and the SSM function as described in
Section 5.4.
There are two configurable timing modes for the STM-1 main board:
(1) Free-run mode: in this mode, the local clock is used. The STM-1 MB is equipped with a
local oscillator with 20 ppm frequency accuracy.
(2) Auto-selection mode: in this mode, the system timing can be in one of the 3 states:
Locked; the external timing reference can be from any STM-1 ports, a station clock
from the central office, or an E1 tributary input.
Free-running; when the system initially enters free-run mode to auto-selection
mode and no valid external timing references exist, the local clock will continually
be used.
Unlocked: If all of the external timing reference sources fail, the system switches to
holdover status (or called unlocked status due to poor local oscillator frequency
accuracy)
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Faceplate
The 2 STM-1 Main Board faceplate is shown as below:

Fig. 6.7 2 STM-1 Main Board Faceplate

External Interfaces
Interface Description
This STM-1 interface support either optical or electrical SFP modules.
LC connector, SFP Optical Interface module :
STM-1 (L-1.2, 80Km)
STM-1 (L-1.1, 40Km)
STM-1 (S-1.1, 15Km)
STM-1
Interface
(Optical or
Electrical)
DIN 1.0/2.3 75 Ohm, SFP Electrical Interface module:
Typical cable length: 100 meter (attenuation at 78 MHz must be less than
13.7 dB)
Console RS232 interface, DB9 connector, local configuration interface
MGMT RJ45 connector,
1 10/100M Base-T management interface
ALM RJ45 alarm output interface, providing one audio and video alarm control
IN (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T G.703-6) or 2048kHz (ITU-T G.703-10), 75
OUT (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T .703), 75

Tab. 6.4 2 STM-1 Main Board STM-1 and Management Interfaces
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LEDs:

Name Color Status Functional Description
ON
Power is available to the system.
PWR Green
OFF Power is off
ON
One or more critical alarms are present.
Flashing
One or more critical transmission alarms are present
When any optional service card is mismatch or
faulty, MJ alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at
the same time.
CR Red
OFF
No critical alarms
ON
There are one or more major alarms present in the
system
MJ Orange
OFF
No major alarms
ON
There are one or more major alarms presented in the
system.
MN Yellow
OFF
No Minor alarms
(Warning and indeterminate alarms do not turn the
LED on.)
ON
There is an optical signal detected in the line port.
LINK 1 status Green
OFF
There is no optical signal detected in the port. For
example, in the initialization state when the fiber is
not connected, or transmitter (TX), or receiver (RX)
fiber is misconnected.
ON
There is an optical signal detected in the line port.
LINK 2 status Green
OFF
There is no optical signal detected in the port. For
example, in the initialization state when the fiber is
not connected, or the transmitting (Tx), or receiving
(Rx) fiber is misconnected.

Tab. 6.5 2 STM-1 Main Board LEDs
6.5.2 Main Board with 2 STM-4/1

Function

This card provides node management (with management interface), external timing clock
input/output interfaces, system alarms (LEDs and interfaces), and 2 STM-4 optical
interfaces.

The STM-4 interfaces are fully compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards. The two
STM-4 interfaces can support MSP and SNCP functions.

The card supports a 16 16 VC-4 equivalent LOCC. The switching-matrix provides a non-
blocking switching of all traffic at VC-12, VC-3, VC-4 levels. In other words, each VC-12 on
any slot can be switched with any other VC-12 on the same module or on any other chassis
slots. The cross-connect bandwidth assignment is illustrated in Fig. 6.8.

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4VC-4
STM- 4 STM- 4
4VC-4 4VC-4
2VC-4
2VC-4
Slot 3
Slot 2
Slot 4
1616 VC-4 Equivalent LOCC
(Slot 1)

Fig. 6.8 2 STM-4 Main Board Cross Connect and Backplane Bandwidth

The following types of cross connects are possible on the cross connect unit:
Uni-directional
Bi-directional
Loop backs
Multicast (1 m, m the number of total CC output ports)

The 2 STM-4 Main board can run in one of the following modes: free running, holdover, or
locked. The normal synchronous mode is locked mode. If all of the reference sources fail,
the system switches to holdover mode.

This card supports timing function and SSM function as described in Section 5.4.

Faceplate:

The 2 STM- 4 Main Board faceplate is shown below.

Fig. 6.9 2 STM- 4 Main Board Faceplate
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External Interfaces:

STM- 4 Optical
Interface
LC connector
Multiple STM- 4 SFP Optical Interface modules:
STM- 4 (L-1.4, 80Km)
STM- 4 (L-1.4, 40Km)
STM- 4 (S-1.4, 15Km)
Console RS232 interface, DB9 connector, local configuration interface
MGMT RJ45 connector,
1 10/100M Base-T management interface
ALM RJ45 alarm output interface, providing one audio and video alarm control
IN (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T G.703-6) or 2048kHz (ITU-T G.703-10), 75
OUT (CLK) 2048kbit/s (ITU-T .703), 75

Tab. 6.6 2 STM- 4 Main Board STM-4 and Management Interfaces

LEDs:
ON Power is available to the system.
PWR Green
OFF Power is off
ON One or more critical alarms are present.
Flashing
One or more critical transmission alarms are present
When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ
alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.
CR Red
OFF No critical alarms
ON There are one or more major alarms present in the system
Flashing
When any optional service card is mismatch or faulty, MJ
alarm LED and CR alarm LED will flash at the same time.
MJ Orange
OFF No major alarms
ON
There are one or more major alarms presented in the
system.
MN Yellow
OFF
No Minor alarms
(Warning and indeterminate alarms do not turn the LED on.)
ON There is an optical signal detected in the line port.
LINK 1
status
Green
OFF
There is no optical signal detected in the port. For example,
in the initialization state when the fiber is not connected, or
transmitter (TX), or receiver (RX) fiber is misconnected.
ON There is an optical signal detected in the line port.
LINK 2
status
Green
OFF
There is no optical signal detected in the port. For example,
in the initialization state when the fiber is not connected, or
the transmitting (Tx), or receiving (Rx) fiber is misconnected.
Tab. 6.7 2 STM-4 Main Board LEDs
6.6 Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card ( 3 E3/DS3)
Function
The 3 E3/DS3 card provides 334 Mbit/s (E3) or 3 45 Mbit/s (DS3) bidirectional ports.
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The ports can be switched independently of each other to 34-Mbit/s or 45-Mbit/s PDH mode.
The switched mode for every port always applies to both tansmit and receive signal
directions.
Each E3/DS3 signal is mapped into a Lower Order VC-3 and forwarded to the line interface
for transmission. The E3/DS3 interface uses a CC4 connector. The maximum distance for
the service interface is up to 667 meters.
This card can be installed in slot 2,3 or 4.

Faceplate:

Fig. 6.10 3 E3/DS3 Card Faceplate

E3/DS3 Electrical
Interface
CC4 connector (1.0/2.3)
Cable type: 75 Ohm coaxial-cable,
Allowable cable loss: 20dB
Transmission distances: 0 to 667meters.
Tab. 6.8 3 E3/DS3 Card External Interfaces

LEDs
There are total 4 LEDs in the front of the module faceplate, the FAULT LED is located on the
right most side of the card , and the other three LEDs indicates the path status of the
E3/DS3s. There is one LED for each E3/DS3.

LED name Color Status Functional Description
On The link is normal Link 1, or
Link 2, or
Link 3
Green
Off The link is down
On The card has fault or alarm condition(s)
Fault Red
Off The card is normal

Tab. 6.9 3 E3/DS3 Card LEDs
6.7 Optical / Electrical STM-1 Interface Card ( 2 STM-1)
Function
This card provides 2 STM-1 optical or electrical interfaces. The STM-1 interfaces are fully
compliant with ITU-T G.707 and G.957 standards. The client side STM-1 optical interface
uses an SFP optical interface; The STM-1 electrical interface uses an SFP electrical
interface.
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Any STM-1 interface on the same card can be paired with any other STM-1 interface on the
same card or on different card to support MSP, and SNCP.
This card can only be installed in slot 4. See below.

Slot 3
Slot 2
Slot 4
2x STM-1
Slot 4
2x STM-1
Main board
2x STM-1/4

Fig. 6.11 2 STM-1 Interface Card in Slot 4

Faceplate

Fig. 6.12 2 STM-1 Card Faceplate

External Interfaces
This STM-1 interface support either optical or electrical SFP modules.
LC connector, SFP Optical Interface module :
STM-1 (L-1.2, 80Km)
STM-1 (L-1.1, 40Km)
STM-1 (S-1.1, 15Km)
STM-1
Interface
(Optical or
Electrical)
DIN 1.0/2.3 75 Ohm, SFP Electrical Interface module:
Typical cable length: 100 meter (attenuation at 78 MHz must be less than
13.7 dB)
Tab. 6.10 2 STM-1 Card External Interfaces
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LEDs

LED Name Color Status Functional Description
ON There are fault conditions presented in this card
Fault Red
OFF
This card is in normal condition
ON
There is an optical signal detected in the port.
LINK 1 Green
OFF
There is no optical signal detected in the port. (It
occurs in the initial state when the fiber is not
connected, or the transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx)
fibers are mis-connected).
ON
There is an optical signal detected in the port.
LINK 2 Green
OFF
There is no optical signal detected in the port. (It
occurs in the initial state when the fiber is not
connected, or the transmitting (Tx) or receiving (Rx)
fibers is mis-connected).

Tab. 6.11 2 STM-1 Card LEDs
6.8 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card (21 E1/RT)
Function:
The 21 E1 card provides up to 21 2 Mbit/s (E1) bi-directional ports and supports ITU-T
G.707 asynchronous mapping of E1 signal into a VC-12 container. The retiming function
and other common configuration (Loop Back, PRBS, alarm detected, Performance Monitor)
are also integrated on this card.
Two different card types for balanced (120 Ohm) or unbalanced (75 Ohm) signal lines are
available for this card. The maximum distance for the E1 balanced 120 Ohm interface is up
to 730 meters. For the E1 unbalanced 75 Ohm interface it is 535 meters.
The E1 interface uses 2 DB-50 connectors (1-10, 11-21). The first DB50 provides 10 ports
of E1 interfaces and the other one provides 11 ports.
This card supports the retiming function on the first eight E1 ports. The retiming function can
be enabled or disabled on the FLEXR-L or the FLEXR-C.

The function block is shown in Fig. 6.13
DB50
Connector
E1
Re-timing
(To client
equipment
direction)
E1
Mapper
To
Cross-Connect
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Fig. 6.13 21 E1/RT Card Retiming function block

This card can be installed in slots 2, 3, and 4.

Faceplate:
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Fig. 6.14 21 E1/RT (75 Ohm) Card Faceplate

Fig. 6.15 21 E1/RT (120 Ohm) Card Faceplate


DB50 Connector
E1 Interface, Electrical,
120 Ohm, balanced
Transmission distance:
- Short haul twisted pair cable: 0 to 730m (-15dB receiving
sensitivity)
DB50 Connector
E1 Interface, Electrical,
75 Ohm, unbalanced
Transmission distance:
- Short haul coaxial-cable: 0 to 535m (-15dB receiving sensitivity)

Tab. 6.12 21 E1/RT Card External Interface

6.9 Fast Ethernet Interface Cards (2 FE/A, 6 FE/L2, 6 FX/L2, 8
FE/T)

The Fast Ethernet interface cards provide the means to map 10/100 BASE TX Fast Ethernet
client signals into VC-12-Xv for transport. The Generic Framing Procedure GFP-F ITU-T
G.7041 encapsulation protocol is supported for mapping Fast Ethernet (FE) traffic into SDH
VC-12-Xv payloads.

FW 4070 supports 4 types of Fast Ethernet interface cards:
2 FE/A card (see 6.9.1)
6 FE/L2 card (see 6.9.2)
6 FX/L2 card (see 6.9.3)
8 FE/T card (see 6.9.34)
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Card naming explanation:
A = the card supports layer 2 function and the total number of WAN ports on this card is
larger than the total number of LAN ports.
C = the card supports layer 2 function and the total number of WAN ports on this card is
equal to the total number of LAN ports

L2 = the card supports layer 2 function and there are 2 WAN ports
T = the card supports transparent transmission of FE traffic; the total number of WAN ports
on this card is equal to the total number of LAN ports
6.9.1 2 FE/A Card
Function
The 2 FE/A card is designed for hub-and-spoke architectures in which multiple remote
offices all require access to a headquarters or multiple customers all require access to an
ISPs POP (point of presence). This card is located in hub location.

The 2 FE/A card provides 2 10/100M Base-T interfaces (RJ-45) on client side (LAN ports),
which can be connected, for example, to an ISPs POP. There are six 100Mbps WAN ports
on the network side, which are connected to remote FE interfaces.

This module supports following features:
GFP encapsulation (ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303)
Low order virtual connection VC-12-Xv (X=146); the total available bandwidth on the
network side is 63 VC-12 (1 VC-4)
LCAS function: with this mechanism, the allocated SDH bandwidth for an Ethernet link can
be dynamically reconfigured without disturbing the existing traffic flow.
FE ports that support auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure
VLAN and double VLAN tagging, providing an increased number of VLANs.
Rapid Spanning Tree (802.1w): dramatically reducing restoration time
Layer 2 multicast functions (including static provisioned multicast and IGMP Snooping
multicasting functions), for saving bandwidth on applications such as multi-media video
Provides a per port rate limiting function: the rate range for each port is from
200kbps~100Mbps (FE) with a provisioning granularity is 1kbps.
Provides per VLAN rate limiting function: The rate range forf each VLAN is from
Provides 802.1p QoS/CoS with 4 priorities, based on Ethernet port or VLAN
Each FE input interface has a buffer to support bursty data traffic transmission. The FE
interface input buffer can accommodate up to 256 frames. Each FE interface has also 4
output queues, each of which has a buffer that can accommodate up to 496 frames to be
sent out. As each input and output buffer is using independent dedicated memory (instead
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of sharing any common memory) there will be no memory conflicts between the input buffer
and the output buffer.

Layer 2
Function
Octal
100Base-T
PHY
EOS (GFP,
VC-12-Xv)
2 RJ-45
WAN Port LAN Port
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2

Fig. 6.16 2 FE/A Card Functional Block Diagram

Faceplate:

Fig. 6.17 2 FE/A Card Faceplate

RJ-45 connector
Standard compliance :
10BASE-T (IEEE 802.3)
100BASE-T (IEEE 802.3u)
Data rate supported:
10Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control)
100Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control) FE Interface,
Electrical Cables:
10BASE-T: 100 Ohmstwo pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP) and
two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The
maximum distance is 100m
100BASE-T: 100 Ohmstwo pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP)
and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The
maximum distance is 100m.

Fig. 6.18 2 FE/A Card External Interfaces
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LEDs:

ON
Power is available to the card. It indicates the
presence of the internal power supply after the power
conversion. Power Green
OFF
Power is not available due to broken power converter,
external power cable, or connector.
ON There are fault conditions presented in this module.
Fault Red
OFF
This module is in normal condition
On
The link is up.
Green
OFF
The link is down.
ON
Current transmitting or receiving data.
FE port LED
Yellow
OFF
No data.

Tab. 6.13 2 FE/A Card LEDs

6.9.2 6 FE/L2 Card
Function
This card has 6 10/100M Base-T IEEE 802.3 compatible Ethernet interface ports, and can
provide traffic aggregation and transmission for up to 2 uplink connections.

There are two WAN ports on the network side. Up to 6 10/100M FE can be aggregated to 1
or 2 WAN ports and forwarded to a SDH line interface for transmission. Given bursty nature
of data traffic, aggregation of multiple port traffic into a single group of virtually concatenated
containers allows a more efficient use of the available bandwidth.

FE ports that support auto negotiation, flow control, and IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure
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Provides a per port rate limiting function: the rate range for each port is from
Provides a per VLAN rate limiting function: the rate range for each VLAN is from
Provides 802.1p QoS/CoS with 4 priorities, based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN
Each card has a shareable memory space which can accommodate up to 16384K bytes,
which includes the input buffers and output buffers of every FE interfaces. The buffer is
packet based, every packet will occupy 1536 bytes buffer, regardless of the packet size
length, e.g. one 64bytes packet will also occupy 1536bytes buffer. Each interface has also 4
output queues, each of which can accommodate up to 96 packets to be sent out. The
maximum receive buffer is 256packets.


Layer 2
Function
Octal
100Base-T
PHY
EOS (GFP,
LCAS,
VC-12-Xv)
Total 1 VC-4
to CC via
backplane
6 RJ-45
WAN Port
2
LAN Port
1
2
3
4
5
6
1

Fig. 6.19 6 FE/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram

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Faceplate

Fig. 6.20 6 FE/L2 Card Faceplate

External Interfaces

RJ-45 connector
100Mbit/s (half-duplex, duplex, and flow control) FE Interface,
Electrical Cables:
10BASE-T: 100 Ohmstwo pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP) and
two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The
maximum distance is 100m
100BASE-T: 100 Ohmstwo pairs shielded twisted pair cable (STP)
and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable (Category 5 UTP). The
maximum distance is 100m.

Tab. 6.14 6 FE/L2 Card External Interfaces

LEDs

On
The link is up.
Green
OFF
The link is down.
ON
FE port LED
Yellow
OFF
No data.

Tab. 6.15 6 FE/L2 Card LEDs
6.9.3 6 FX/L2 Card
Function
This card has 6 100M Base-FX IEEE 802.3u compatible Ethernet interface ports, and can
provide traffic aggregation and transmission for up to 2 uplink connections.
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There are two WAN ports on the network side. Up to 6 100M FE can be aggregated to 1 or
2 WAN ports and forwarded to a SDH line interface for transmission. Given bursty nature of
data traffic, aggregation of multiple port traffic into a single group of virtually concatenated
containers allows a more efficient use of the available bandwidth.

FE ports that support auto negotiation, flow control, IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet II frame
structure
Provides per port rate limiting function: the rate range for each port is from
Provides per VLAN rate limiting function: the rate range for each VLAN is from
Provides 802.1p QoS/CoS based on Ethernet port and/or VLAN
Each card has a shareable memory space which can accommodate up to 16384K bytes,
which includes the input buffers and output buffers of every FE interfaces. The buffer is
packet based, every packet will occupy 1536 bytes buffer, regardless of the packet size
length, e.g. one 64bytes packet will also occupy 1536bytes buffer. Each interface has also 4
output queues, each of which can accommodate up to 96 packets to be sent out. The
maximum receive buffer is 256packets.


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Layer 2
Function
Octal
100Base-T
PHY
EOS (GFP,
LCAS,
C-12-Xv)
Total 1 VC-4
to CC via
backplane
SFP
WAN Port
2
LAN Port
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
SFP
SFP
SFP
SFP
SFP

Fig. 6.21 6 FX/L2 Card Functional Block Diagram

Faceplate

Fig. 6.22 6 FX/L2 Card Faceplate

External Interfaces
SFP connector
- 850nm
- 1310nm, 10Km
100 BASE-FX (IEEE 802.3u)
FE Interface,
Optical

Tab. 6.16 6 FX/L2 Card External Interfaces

LEDs
On
The link is up.
FE Link
LED
Green
OFF
The link is down.

Tab. 6.17 6 FX/L2 Card LEDs
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6.9.4 8 FE/T Card
Function
The 8 FE/T card has 8 10/100M Base-T IEEE 802.3 compatible Ethernet interface ports,
and can provide transparent transmission for up to 8 10/100M connections.

The 8 FE/T card maps up to 8 10/100 BASE TX into 8 VC-12-Xv (X=146) channels. The
interface and the protocol adaptation from Ethernet to SDH are achieved by GFP-F
encapsulation.

Virtual Concatenation (VC) and LCAS features are supported. The combination of VC and
LCAS creates fine-tuned and variable capacity SDH pipes to match the needs of packet data
QOS (quality of service) and customer SLAs (service-level agreements). It can also provide
soft protection schemes. When certain VC-12s in the same VC group fail, LCAS can delete
the failed VCs from the group. The traffic can then be dynamically adapted to the rest of the
VC-12s bandwidth for transmission. Otherwise, partial bandwidth failure will lead to the
failure of all the traffic.

VLAN and rate limiting functions are supported. This card supports rate limiting function at
per port or per VLAN/port. The range of the allowable access rate per port or per VLAN/port
is from 2176 kbit/s (VC-12) ~ 100Mbps (FE), and the rate provisioning granularity is 2176
kbit/s (VC-12)

Octal
100Base-T
PHY
EOS (GFP,
LCAS,
VC-12-Xv)
Total 1 VC-4
to CC via
backplane
8 RJ-45
WAN Port LAN Port
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1

Fig. 6.23 8 FE/T Card Functional Block Diagram

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Faceplate

Fig. 6.24 8 FE/T Card Faceplate


RJ-45 connector
FE Interface, Electrical
Cables:
10BASE-T: 100 Ohmstwo pairs shielded twisted pair
cable (STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable
(Category 5 UTP). The maximum distance is 100m
100BASE-T: 100 Ohmstwo pairs shielded twisted pair
cable (STP) and two pairs of unshielded twisted pair cable
(Category 5 UTP). The maximum distance is 100m.

Tab. 6.18 8 FE/T Card External Interfaces

LEDs
On
The link is up.
Green
OFF
The link is down.
ON
FE port LED
Yellow
OFF
No data.

Fig. 6.25 8 FE/T Card LEDs
6.10 Voice Interface Cards (6 FXS, 24 FXO)
6.10.1 6 FXS Card
Function
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The 6 FXS card provides the standard voice interface to analog voice telephone. It
encodes/decodes the analog voice signal to a 64kbps level digital signal, and then
maps/de-maps the signal into/from a VC-12. Next it transmits the signal via SDH network.
This card simulates all telephone signaling.
Key functions:
A/D, D/A conversion
PCM Coding/Decoding, conform to ITU G.711 standard, default encoding law is A-
law, u-law is optional
Loop impedance and feed current
Over-voltage and over-current protection
Ringing (output to telephone)
Loop start signaling
Ringing signaling decode
64k PCM <-> E1 <-> VC12 mapping


Faceplate

Fig. 6.26 6 FXS Card Faceplate

External Interfaces

Voice Interface
(Electrical interface)
RJ11 connector
2 wires

Tab. 6.19 6 FXS Interface Card External Interfaces

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Parameters Specifications
Frequency range 300-3400Hz
Impedance 600 balance
PCM codec A-Law and -Law (ITU-T G.711), the default is A-Law
Voice Transmission
Specification
G.712 compliance.
Loop Impedance and
Feed Current
2000loop impedance, and
20mA feed current
Ringing (output to
telephone)
(1) 25Hz+/-3Hz sine tone
(2) Output voltage: 75+/-15V
(3) Ringing signal: 1 second on, 4 second off
Maximum Analog Voice
Transmission Distance
5km
Receiving and
Transmitting gain
Receiving gain of each voice channel supports two kinds
configuration (can be changed):
-3.5dB
-7dB
Transmitting gain of each voice channel supports three kinds
configuration (can be changed):
3dB
0dB
-3dB
Addressing Signaling Transparent transmission of DTMF dial-tone.
Altering Signaling Dial tone: 450Hz continuously
Busy tone: 450Hz, 0.35 second on, 0.35 second off
Ring back tone: 450Hz, 1 second on, 4 seconds off.
64k PCM <-> E1
mapping
The 6 encoded voice are mapped into the first 6 64k time slots
of an E1
E1 <-> VC12 mapping The E1 signal is mapped into the first VC-12 timeslot in the VC-4

Tab. 6.20 Voice Interface Specifications

LEDs
LED name Color Status Description
On Off-hook Link 1, or Link 2, or
Link 3, or Link 4, or
Link 5, or Link 6
Green
Off On-hook
On The card has fault condition
Fault Red
Tab. 6.21 6 FXS Interface Card LEDs
6.10.2 24 FXO Card
Function
The 24 FXO card provides the standard analog voice interface. It can encode/decode the
analog voice signal to a 64kbps level digital signal, then map/de-map the signal into/from a
VC12 and transmit it via SDH network. It should simulate all telephone signaling.
Key features:
A/D, D/A conversion
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PCM Coding/Decoding, conform to ITU G.711 standard, default encoding law is A-
law, -law is optional
Polarity and feed current detection
Voice sampling and codec
Ringing detection
Loop signaling decode
Ringing signaling encode
64k PCM <-> E1 <-> VC12 mapping

This module can be installed in slots 2, 3, and 4.

Faceplate

Fig. 6.27 24 FXO Card Faceplate

External Interfaces
Voice Interface (Electrical interface) 2 wires, DB-50 connector
Tab. 6.22 24 FXO Card External Interfaces
The Voice interface specifications are provided in Tab. 6.23.
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Parameters Specifications
Frequency range 300-3400Hz
Open loop resistance 100M (100V)
Close loop Current 16mA (8.6V) I loop 60mA (54V)
PCM codec A-Law and -Law (ITU-T G.711), the default is A-Law
Voice Transmission
Specification
G.712 compliance

Loop Impedance and Feed
Current
2000 loop impedance, and 20mA feed current.
Ringing (output to
telephone)
(1) 25Hz+/-3Hz sine tone
(2) Output voltage: 75+/-15V
(3) Ringing signal: 1 second on and 4 second off
Ringing signal detection (1) Impedance of ringing detection: 0.22uF+1k
(2) Ringing signal (from PBX):
25Hz +/- 3Hz, sine wave
Input voltage: 75V +/- 15V
Maximum Analog Voice
Transmission Distance
5km
The Range of Receiving and
Transmitting Gain
Received: -22dB to -3dB
Transmitted: -8.5dB to 13dB
The gain range can be changed in step of 0.5dB
Addressing Signaling Transparent transmission of DTMF dial tone.
Altering Signaling Dial tone: 450Hz continuously
Busy tone: 450Hz, 0.35 second on, 0.35 second off
Ring back tone: 450Hz, 1 second on, 4 seconds off.
64k PCM <-> E1 mapping Every 6 digitized voice signals are a group and are
mapped into one E1. A total of 24 voice signals are
carried in 4E1s.
E1 <-> VC12 mapping Each E1 signal is mapped into one VC12 timeslot.
The E1 carrying ports 1-6 voice signals) are mapped
into the first VC12 timeslot in the VC-4;
The E1 carrying ports 7-12 voice signals are mapped
into the second VC12 timeslot in the VC-4;
into the third VC12 timeslot in the VC-4;
into the fourth VC12 timeslot in the VC-4.

Tab. 6.23 24 FXO Card Voice Interface Specifications

LEDs
LED name Color Description
On Off-hook Links 1 to
Link 24
Green
Off On-hook
On The card has fault condition
Fault Red

Tab. 6.24 24 FXO Service Interface Module LEDs
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6.11 Optical Amplifier Card (OA)
Function
This OA (Optical Amplifier) card provides uni-directional single optical amplifier functionality
with optical performance monitoring capabilities. This card is designed to compensate losses
in the entire C band as Booster or Pre-amplifier in the Metro networks.

The OA card can be ordered (with different part numbers) to provide the following
applications:
Post-amplifier, 13dBm Output Power
Pre-amplifier, 20dB Gain
This module can be installed in slots 2, 3, and 4.

The building block diagram of this card is depicted below.
EDFA Module
Embedded CPU
RS-232
FPGA
OA Card
Optical
Signal IN
Optical
Signal OUT
To SC (System Controller)

Fig. 6.28 OA Module Functional Building Block Diagram

The EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) sub-module is the core building block for this
card. It provides the optical signal amplification function. With integrated fast digital circuit
and advanced software, the EDFA can be configured to operate in APC, ACC or AGC mode.
APC (automatic power control) mode: In this mode, the optical output power is maintained
constant by adjusting the laser pump current to compensate minor changes in OA input
power, component aging, and temperature variation. This mode is mainly used in post-
amplifier application.
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AGC (automatic gain control) mode: In this mode, the OA provides constant gain power by
adjusting the pump laser current to compensate minor changes in component aging and
temperature. This mode is mainly used in pre-amplifier application.
ACC (automatic current control) mode: In this mode, the pump laser current is maintained
constant.

These modes could be set through software according to customers requirements. In
addition, other significant parameters that need to be pre-set are:
Input optical power low threshold
Output optical power low threshold
Low and high temperature threshold for output power shutdown

The OA card provides the following performances monitoring parameters:
OA Input Power (dBm), precision to 0.01dBm
OA Output Power (dBm), precision to 0.01dBm
OA Module Gain (dB), precision to 0.01dB
OA Pump Power (mW), precision to 0.01mW
OA module internal temperature, precision to 0.1 C degree
OA module pump drive current, precision to 0.1 A
OA power module power supply voltage, precision to 0.01V

All EDFA sub-modules above use single-stage or dual-stage un-cooled 980nm pump lasers.

OA Card Safety Procedures
The OA card safety procedures are described in the table below.
Feature Description
ALS After 500 ms or more of continuous presence of the LOS defect, the
laser will automatically shutdown. The reduction of the optical output
power at OA input port occurs within 800 ms from the moment loss of
optical signal occurs at OA output port.
OA ALS Whenever the OAs input signal vanishes, the OAs optical output signal
will be shut down. When the input signal returns, the output power will
be restored.
Automatic Link
restore
The minimum optical signal restore delay is 100s.
The activation for Transmitter /Receiver is less than 0.85s.
The maximum deactivation time of booster and preamplifiers is 100 ms.
The maximum activation time of an booster is 100 ms.
The maximum activation time of preamplifier is 300 ms.-
Manual Restore "Manual restart" or "Manual restart for test" can only be activated when
the laser is shut down.

Tab. 6.25 OA Card Safety Procedures
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Faceplate

Fig. 6.29 OA Card Faceplate

External Interface

Connector Type LC connector
Pre-amp -35 to -10 dBm
Optical Interface
Input power range
Booster amp. -10 to +3 dBm

Tab. 6.26 OA Card External Interface

LEDs

ON
There are fault conditions presented in this
module.
Fault Red
OFF
This module is in normal condition.
ON
The OA optical link is normal.
Link 1 Green
OFF
The optical link is down.

Tab. 6.27 OA Card LEDs

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In addition to the payload signals, control, monitoring and customer-specific data signals can
be transferred in the section overhead of the STM signals
.
To ensure high operational safety, operation is continuously monitored by a network
management system or by an operating terminal.

Network elements not connected to an operating terminal still give information about the
operational state (for support in the case of maintenance work) via built-in indication
elements (LEDs; see Chapter 7.1).

System control and monitoring are performed by the Main Board (MB). The MB
communicates with the traffic cards via different internal interfaces.

The equipment provides an SNMP/TCP/IP over Ethernet interface to the Local Craft
Terminal (LCT). The equipment also provides a management interface to a FLEXR-L.

For feature enhancements or debugging, software download is possible for all units of the
system. During download, the traffic is not affected.

The FW 4070 has integrated in the following management functions in conformity with the
corresponding ITU-T Recommendations and ETS standards:
Fault Management
Configuration Management
Performance Management
Security Management

The following are of particular importance:
Alarm processing (e.g. AIS, FTP) for localizing faulty equipment in the transmission
network.
Fault diagnosis at the card level (e.g. localizing a faulty card).
Specifying and storing configuration data. This data can be entered and requested
by the network management system or the FLEXR-L.
Determining the quality parameters according to the ITU-T Recommendation G.826.
Administration of the access authorization in the FLEXR-L for various user classes
with passwords.
General Fault Management Functions
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Fault Management is concerned with the detection, localization, isolation, and reporting of
failures of the transmission signals processed by the FW 4070 and of its equipment. The
failures and the failure processing are differentiated in two failure classes:
Transmission Failures and Equipment Failures.
In addition to these two failure categories, the FW 4070 supports external alarm contacts,
which can be used for signaling any kind of failure.
Failures are reported via the management interface and may also lead to alarm indications
at the FLEXR-L (card indications, NE indications, and transport functions indications).
Fault management functions are listed below:
Detect anomalies
Derive defects by eliminating extraneous anomalies and reporting others to the fault
management system
Trigger automatic maintenance actions (AIS insertion, Laser shutdown, etc)
Perform alarm reduction through correlation of defects
Perform further alarm reduction through adjustable persistence checks
Time stamp alarm events using the real time system clock
Issue spontaneous alarm event notifications to the FLEXR-L/OS
Using configurable alarm forwarding to prevent the report of unwanted alarm event
notifications
Report alarms to the local alarm system
Indicate fault states of replaceable units
Store alarm events and the alarm states in the current problem list alarm archives
Support fault location for diagnosis and maintenance assistance.
7.1 Indicating and Operating Elements of the Network Element
Indication elements (LEDs) on the cards are a useful aid, particularly if neither a Local Craft
Terminal, nor a network management system has been connected to the FW 4070
equipment when an alarm occurs. The LEDs signal alarms at subrack and card level to
assist in maintenance work.

Cards LED
There are LEDs on the front of the cards visible to users:
A red FAULT LED to indicate card-internal alarms (most cards).
A green Link LED to indicate E1, E3/DS3, STM-1, and STM-4 interface status (8x E1,
3x E3/DS3, STM-1 and STM-4 ports on System Main Board)
Additionally the Ethernet option card contains yellow and green LEDs for each port
giving information about Link Status and Link Activity to the operator and service
technicians.

Operating Elements of the Cards
No hardware settings have to be made on the printed circuit boards of the cards. The cards
are configured by software commands from the operating terminal or from a network
management system when commissioning or in the case of later changes.

Help Configuration of the cards using software is explained in the FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L
Use Manual and in online help.
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7.2 Control and Monitoring by FLEXR-C Network Management
System
The FW 4070 is integrated to other units through a central network management system, the
FLEXR-C. The FLEXR-C network management platform consists of the following
components:
FW 4070 FLEXR-L (Local Craft Terminal)
FLEXR-C (Sub-Network Management System)

- PhotonicVisionSNM
- PhotonicVisionSNM LCT
PhotonicVisionSNM LCT
SNMP over
TCP/IP
SNMP over
TCP/IP
TCP/IP/
PPP/DCC
Sub-network

Fig. 7.1 Embedding of FW 4070 NEs in a TMN System
7.2.1 FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L
The access to the Network Elements via operating terminals is enabled by FLEXR-C FW
4070 FLEXR-L Software installed on the Craft Terminal.

The FW 4070 FLEXR-L (Local Craft Terminal) is an element management system (EMS)
with a graphical interface. The FLEXR-L can manage any single NE via the DCC or DCN.
The FLEXR-L supports SNMP and can be connected to FW 4070 network elements via a
network interface (Ethernet) located at the System Main Board.

The complete FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L software consists of the following components:
Window based Operation system;
FLEXR-C FW 4070 FLEXR-L software package.

For details on FW 4070 FLEXR-L software components, see the FW 4070 FLEXR-L User
Manual.
7.2.2 FLEXR-C

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The FLEXR-C provides both element management and sub-network management functions.
It is compliant with the ITU-T FCAPS function and extends these functions to the sub-
network level. The FLEXR-C not only provides SDH layer management functions, but also
supports the management of Ethernet, RPR, and ATM services, as well as other data
interfaces. The FLEXR-C offers a TMF814 northbound CORBA interface to interact with the
TNMS-Core.

More detailed FLEXR-C information is provided below:

FLEXR-C Architecture
FLEXR-C is based on a distributed client, server and database architecture. The
implementation technology is independent of operating systems, which enhances system
compatibility. The modular software design allows the FLEXR-C to provide integrated
management of SDH, ATM, RPR, and Ethernet/IP networks in one platform and enables
scalability for introducing additional new technologies. The FLEXR-C allows multiple FLEXR-
C clients to manage the same network at the same time. Management at the Network
Management Level by The FLEXR-C or other higher-level network management system can
be reached via the FLEXR-Cs TMF814 northbound CORBA interface.

Element Management Function
FLEXR-C offers an advanced graphical interface to facilitate the configuration of each NE.
Operations on NEs are shown directly on a graphical chassis view. A graphical interface of
the NE shows modules and ports, which directly correspond to the real ones being
managed. This gives the operator real-time status information, facilitating the management
process.
FLEXR-C provides standard-based TMN capabilities, including
Fault Management
Configuration Management
Performance Management
Security Management
System Administration

Network Management Function
FLEXR-C provides layered management capabilities. Networks and services of different
technologies (TDM, ATM, RPR, Ethernet, etc.) carried over the same MSTP platform can be
managed and optimized independently through graphical management interfaces, appearing
as if they were independent networks. One network of MSTP equipment will appear to the
user as three different networks: an SDH network, an IP/Ethernet network, and an ATM
network. The FLEXR-C offers a total view of the managed MSTP network elements. It
provides many sophisticated network level functions in a user-friendly fashion.
Graphical End-to-End Provisioning and Maintenance: FLEXR-C supports multi-service
(TDM, ATM, RPR, Ethernet, etc.), graphical, end-to-end, fast service provisioning. This
makes the creation, maintenance and management of services significantly simpler for
operators

Utilization statistics of network resources and bandwidth
This helps service providers optimize their networks by discovering potential bottlenecks.
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Topology Management
FLEXR-C provides a variety of network topology information. For instance, the SDH
synchronization topology enables a direct view and real-time monitoring of the timing status
and timing relationship between NEs. The FLEXR-C shows the topology map with different
icons to indicate different types of NEs and by using different lines to indicate different
bandwidth and various other user-friendly features.
Correlation Analysis Among Circuits, PM Data, and Alarms: Provides intelligent alarm
correlation analysis to enhance trouble-shooting.
Network Elements Auto-Discovery and Network Auto-Construction

For details on FLEXR-C software components, see the FLEXR-C User Operation Manual.
7.3 Management System Protection
FLEXR-C provides the following mechanisms to ensure system and data security:
(1) Database backup and recovery
The FLEXR-C contains a database to keep all network and NE information. The FLEXR-
C is designed to allow operators to backup the database and to select the database
backup as either a backup per request, or to perform backups periodically (using pre-
defined tasks). All backups are maintained in the backup table. Operators can retrieve
any backup copies as needed.
The database backup tool works independently of the FLEXR-C network management
system. This feature ensures that even if the FLEXR-C network management system
does not run, the database can still be backed up in time.
(2) MIB backup and recovery
A copy of the MIB in an NE can be transmitted to and saved at the FLEXR-C or FW
4070 FLEXR-L. When the MIB fails, the backup copy of the MIB can be downloaded to
the NE for use. The FLEXR-C provides the switch over from the current MIB to the
backup MIB. The system provides a separate MIB backup tool (integrated with database
backup tool), which can do periodic backup and management.
(3) NE software recovery
The FLEXR-C supports remote NE software download and switch over between NE
software loads.
7.4 NE Software
The FW 4070 NE software architecture is highlighted below.

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FLEXR-CNMS
FLEXR-LLCT
SNMP Agent
Application Management Module
Real-time, Multi-Task Operating System
(VxWorks)
MIB
Hardware Drivers
NE

Fig. 7.2 FW 4070 NE Software Architecture
7.4.1 Application Management Module
The application management module is the application layer software in the embedded
software system. Its main function is to fulfill configuration management and monitoring for
the NE. Via standard SNMP protocol, the application management module can inter-
communicate with the network management system, fulfill cross-connect management,
service protection configuration, performance monitoring, and alarm surveillance. The
application management module can be divided into the following sub-management system
functions:
CC (Cross-connect) module
FM (Fault management) module
PM (Performance management) module
TM (Timing management) module
IFM (Interface management) module
Data management module
MSP, and SNCP service protection module
Each software sub-system can be divided into two layers: Manager and Agent. The main
function of the Manager is to receive requests from network management system, and then
convert them into operating commands, which will be sent to the Agent. The Agent then
receives operating commands from the Manager, and fulfills the configuration function via
the interface provided by the hardware driven module. In addition, the Agent is in charge of
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collecting hardware information (for example, hardware failure and performance statistics)
sending them to the Manger. After related processing, the Manager converts this data into
information the network management software can read and sends it to network
management software.
7.4.2 Hardware Driven Modules
The FW 4070 NE hardware includes many integrated circuit chipsets. Hardware driven
modules control these chipsets. The hardware driven modules provide the access interface
between the hardware and the higher layer software (the application management module).
The main functions of hardware driven modules include:
Hardware initialization
System auto testing
Hardware configuration
Interruption service
Hardware information inquiring
Alarm/Performance monitoring data collection and reporting
7.4.3 Real-Time Multi-Task Operation System
The embedded software in the FW 4070 NE was developed using the high performance
VxWorks real time operating system. VxWorks is a reliable embedded software platform. It
includes a high performance real time kernel, which supports preempting multi-task
scheduling based on priority. It also includes task management, timing management, storage
management, resource management, event management, resource management, message
management, queue management and semaphore management. These basic functions
offer powerful support for rapid, reliable application development.
7.4.4 SNMP Agent
The FW 4070 embedded software includes a standard SNMP agent module. The SNMP
agent is responsible for responding to all EMS/SNM requests including information requests
and action requests. It will also automatically generate event reports to the EMS/SNM.

The SNMP communication protocol includes 3 operations: Get, Set, and Trap. Through
these 3 combined operations, the SNMP Agent can fulfill all configuration management and
alarm monitoring function by communicating with the MIB in the NE.

The intercommunication process among the SNMP Agent, the MIB management module,
and the application management module is as follows: the SNMP Agent receives requests
from network management software, and then sends these requests to the MIB
management module. When the MIB management module receives requests it will cause
the application management module to do the related operations. At the same time,
hardware driven modules and some application management modules may generate related
events and data, which will be needed to report to network management software. This
information will be sent to the network management software via the application
management module invoking interfaces provided by the SNMP Agent and transmitting them
by Trap.
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7.4.5 MIB Management Module
The MIB management module is the interface of the management information database in
the embedded software system of the FW 4070 NE. The MIB includes all configuration
information and real time monitoring information in the NE. This information is managed by
the MIB management module uniformly to accomplish information storage, recovery,
retrieval, modification, and notification functions.
7.5 Management Protocols and DCC
The FLEXR-C uses SNMPv2c protocols to communicate with FW 4070 NEs.
The FW 4070 system uses TCP/IP over the SDH data communication channels (DCC) or
Ethernet LAN (RJ-45 connector) to provide a local or remote craft interface for management
and monitoring. The FW 4070 supports the following two DCC channels:
Regeneration Section DCC (D1-D3 bytes)
Multiplex Section DCC (D4-D12 bytes)

In the FW 4070, DCC is supported on all STM-N interfaces. FLEXR-C enables the users to
select which DCC is used on each STM-N interface.
FLEXR-C supports TMF 814 CORBA northbound interface.

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CHAPTER 8
Commissioning and Maintenance
8.1 Commissioning
If the FW 4070 has to be configured on initial commissioning, a Local Craft Terminal has to
be connected to the Ethernet interface of the FW 4070. The hardware and software
requirements at the craft terminal are described in the FW 4070 FLEXR-L User Manual. The
craft terminal offers a graphical, menu-driven user interface.

Detailed information for commissioning the FW 4070 equipment and the operating terminals
is given in the FW 4070 Installation Manual.
8.2 Maintenance
The system provides sufficient alarm information to localize and clear the fault at card level.
No maintenance at regular intervals is required. Maintenance measures (e.g. fault localizing)
can be carried out locally via the local management interface (FLEXR-C FLEXR-L/FLEXR-C)
or under remote control via the TCP/IP over DCC (FLEXR-L or a network management
system).

Maintenance of the FW 4070 equipment is described in the FW 4070 Troubleshooting
Manual and in the online help system.
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9.1 Traffic Interfaces
9.1.1 Optical STM-4 Interfaces
622.080 Mbit/s Unit S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2
15 40 80
Distance variant
km
User class as per ITU-T G.957
Bit rate
Kbit/s 622 080
Optical wavelength range
nm 1274 to 1356 1280 to 1335 1480 to 1580
Code Binary (NRZ)
Transmitting side

Laser type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MLM SLM SLM
Spectral width
Root Mean Square. . . . . . . . . . .
nm 2.5 n.a. n.a.
Measured 20 dB below max.
level) nm n.a. 1 1
Side mode suppression. . . . . .. . .
dB n.a. 30 30
Extinction ratio value. . . . . . . . .. .
dB 8.2 10 10
Launched power (at point S acc.
To ITU-T G.957) . . . . . . . . . . . .. . dBm -15 to -8 -3 to +2 -3 to +2
Maximum launched power in fault
condition (at point S) acc. to. . . . . Laser class 1 Laser class 1 Laser class 1
Receiving side
Receiving diode. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PIN PIN PIN
Minimum Receiving Sensitivity for
(BER 10
-12
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . dBm -28 -28 -28
Minimum Overload . . . . . . . . . .
dBm -8 -8 -8
Maximum reflectance of receiver
(at point R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB n.a. -14 -27
Fiber behavior
Fiber type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single mode
(acc. to ITU-T
G.652)
Single mode
(acc. to ITU-T
G.652)
Single mode
(acc. to ITU-T
G.652)
Permissible dispersion. . . . . . . .. .
ps/nm 74 n.a. n.a.
Path Penalty by dispersion. . . . . .
dB 1 1 1
Permissible section attenuation at
max. dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 0 to 12 10 to 24 10 to 24
Tab. 9.1 STM-4 Port 1300nm / 1550nm
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9.1.2 Optical STM-1 Interfaces

155.520 Mbit/s Unit S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2
15 40 80
Distance variant
km
User class as per ITU-T G.957
Bit rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kbit/s 155 520
Optical wavelength range. . . . . . .
nm 1261 to 1360 1270 to 1360 1480 to 1580
Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binary (NRZ)
Transmitting side

Laser type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MLM MLM SLM
Spectral width
Root Mean Square. . . . . . . . . . . nm 7.7 3 n.a.
Measured 20 dB below max.
level) nm n.a. n.a. 1
Side mode suppression. . . . . . . . dB n.a. n.a. 30
Extinction ratio value. . . . . . . . . . dB 8.2 10 10
Launched power
(at point S acc. to ITU-T G.957) . dBm -15 to -8 -5 to 0 -5 to 0
Maximum launched power in fault
condition (at point S) acc.to ITU-
T G.957). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laser class 1 Laser class 1 Laser class 1
Receiving side
Receiving diode. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PIN PIN PIN
Minimum Receiving Sensitivity for
(BER 10
-12
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . dBm -28 -34 -34
Minimum Overload . . . . . . . . . .
dBm -8 -10 -10
Maximum reflectance of receiver
(at point R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB n.a. n.a. - 25
Fiber Behavior
Fiber type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single mode
(acc. to ITU-T
G.652)
Single mode
(acc. to ITU-T
G.652)
Single mode
(acc. to ITU-T
G.652)
Permissible dispersion. . . . . . . . .
ps/nm 96 246 n.a.
Path Penalty by dispersion. . . . . .
dB 1 1 1
Permissible section attenuation at
max. dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . dB 0 to 12 10 to 28 10 to 28
Tab. 9.2 STM-1 Port 1300nm / 1550nm
9.1.3 Optical Amplifier (OA)

Parameters Min. Max. Units
Operating Temperature 0 65 C
Storage temperature -40 85 C
Environment (ESD/EMC) 700/85% V/-
Tab. 9.3 EDFA absolute ratings
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Parameters Standards
General requirements GR-1312-Core: Generic Requirements for Optical Fiber Amplifiers
and Proprietary Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems;
Issue 3; April 1999
Reliability GR-418-Core: Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for
Fiber Optic Transport Systems; Issue 2; December 1999
Physical Protection GR-63-Core: Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS)
Requirements: Physical Protection; Issue 1; October 1995
Safety GR-1089-Core: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical
Safety - Generic Criteria for Network Telecommunications
Equipment; Issue 2, February 1999
Fiber Optical Testing GR-1209-CORE Testing, Generic Requirements For Passive
Optical Components Test
GR-1221-CORE Testing. Generic Reliability Assurance
Requirements For Passive Optical Components
Notes:
The vendor is required to provide a reliability budget for the EDFA module. A qualification
report detailing the testing performed on the modules and the internal components to show
compliance to the relevant standards and life-test information that justifies the FIT budget
should back up this reliability information.

Tab. 9.4 EDFA reliability and standards requirements

Parameters Description Note
Wavelength Range 1540nm~1562nm 1
Pump Laser Uncooled pump
Configuration Single pump, single stage 2
Gain Flattening without GFF 3
Control Modes APC, AGC, and ACC
Transient Suppress Control Transient Suppress Circuit
Application Types Booster or Preamplifier
Notes:
1. This wavelength range is specified as the max. wavelength range for the erbium-doped
fiber amplifier using in 4-channel application;
2. This configuration is designed for 4 channel system up to now; but to more than 4
channel application, dual pump or dual stages may be required for obtaining high gain
or large output power;
3. For 4 channels applications, the GFF (gain flatten filter) is not required for obtaining the
fine gain flatness; but to more than 4 channel application system, the GFF is required
for optimizing the gain flatness.
Tab. 9.5 General requirements for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
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Parameters Min. Type Max. Unit Notes
General Specifications (for all types Booster)
Wavelength Range 1528 1562 nm
Noise Figure 5.0 5.5 dB 3
Optical Power Detection Accuracy 0.5 dB
Polarization Mode dispersion 0.3 0.5 ps
Polarization Dependent Gain 0.2 0.5 dB
Return loss 45 dB
Transient Overshoot (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 1.0 dB
Transient Suppress Speed (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 ms
Spec. for Post-amp 13dBm
Input Power Range -6 3 dBm
Nominal Gain 10 dB 1
Saturation Power 13 dBm 2
Notes:
1. The Nominal Gain is the preferred value for optimizing gain flatness over the
transmission range;
2. The Saturation Power is specified by the maximum of Input Power Range at the
Nominal Gain Value;
3. The typical values of Noise Figure are specified at the Nominal Gain with the Max.
Input Power and with other Input Power, the Noise Figure should not overset the
maximum value.
Tab. 9.6 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Booster

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Parameters Min. Type Max. Unit Notes
Wavelength Range 1528 1563 nm
Input Power Range -35 -10 dBm
Small Signal Gain 20 dB
Output Power Range @ PIN=-10dBm -17 3 dBm
Gain flatness @Gain=13dB 0.5 1.0 dB 1
Noise Figure 5.0 5.5 dB
Optical Power Detection Accuracy 0.5 dB
Polarization Mode dispersion 0.3 0.5 ps
Polarization Dependent Gain 0.2 0.5 dB
Return loss 45 dB
Transient Overshoot (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 1.0 dB
Transient Suppress Speed (5dB Add/Drop) 0.5 ms
Notes:
1. The Typ. values of Gain Flatness are specified at the Small Signal Gain with the Max.
Input Power, and the Max. Value is specified at the Small Signal Gain over the Input Power
range.

Tab. 9.7 Optical requirements of Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as Preamplifier
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9.1.4 Electrical 155Mbit/s Interface
Pulse Shape
(Nominally Rectangular)
All marks of a valid signal must conform to the
mask irrespective of the sign. The value V
corresponds to the nominal peak value.
Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair
Test load impedance 75 Ohms resistive
Peak voltage of a space (no
pulse)
10.1 V
Rise time between 10% and
90% amplitudes of the
measured steady state
amplitude
2 ns
Transition timing tolerance
referred to the mean value of
the 50% amplitude points of
negative transitions Negative
transitions:
Negative transitions: 0.1 ns
Positive transitions at unit interval boundaries: 0.5
ns
Positive transitions at mid-unit intervals: 0.35 ns
Return loss 15 dB over frequency range 8 MHz to 240 MHz
Rate t (kHz) 0 (kHz)
A1 (UIp-
p)
A2 (UIp-
p) Maximum peak-to-peak
jitter at an output port
155 520
kbit/s
65 6.5 0.15 1.5
Tab. 9.8 155 520 kbit/s electrical interface parameters

9.1.5 Electrical 45 Mbit/s Interfaces (E 32 acc. ITU-T G.703)

Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 736 kbit/s
Bit rate accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ppm (input)
Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B3ZS
Pulse shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.703
Pulse amplitude (isolated pulse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.36 V to 0.85 V
Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.824
Pairs in each direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One coaxial pair
Test load impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 resistive

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9.1.6 Electrical 34 Mbit/s Interfaces (E 31 acc. ITU-T G.703)
Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 368 kbit/s
Bit rate accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ppm (input)
Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HDB3
Pulse shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.703
Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse). . . . . . . . . . 1 V
Peak voltage of a space (no mark). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 V 0.1 V
Nominal pulse width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.55 ns
Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.823
Return loss
860 kHz to 1 720 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 12 dB (in), > 6 dB (out)
1 720 kHz to 34 368 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 18 dB (in), > 8 dB (out)
34 368 kHz to 51 550 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 14 dB (in), > 8 dB (out)
Pairs in each direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One coaxial pair
Test load impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 resistive
Permissible cable attenuation at 17 184 kHz . . . . . . 0 dB to 12 dB, follows f
(0.5)
law
9.1.7 Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interfaces
Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 048 kbit/s
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HDB3
Frequency tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ppm (input)
Permissible cable attenuation at 1024 kHz . . . . . . . . 0 dB to 6 dB
Nominal impedance (input and output)
acc. to ITU-T G.703. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 (unbalanced) or
120 (balanced),
( depending on hardware type)
Return loss
51 kHz to 102 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 12 dB (in), > 6 dB (out)
102 kHz to 2 048 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 18 dB (in), > 8 dB (out)
2 048 kHz to 3 072 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 14 dB (in), > 8 dB (out)
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9.1.8 Electrical 1.5 Mbit/s Interfaces
Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 544 kbit/s
Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMI or B8ZS, default is AMI
Frequency tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ppm (input)
Permissible cable attenuation at 1024 kHz . . . . . . . . 0 dB to 6 dB
Nominal impedance (input and output)
acc. to ITU-T G.703. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
9.1.9 Fast Ethernet Interfaces 100BaseTX, Electrical
100 BaseTX Fast Ethernet poet acc. to IEEE 803.3u
100BaseTX
Distance variants
User class as per IEEE 802.3u
Nominal bitrate
125.000 kBaud
Frequency tolerance 100ppm
Code 4B/5B. scrambled, MLT3
Connector receptacle Shielded RJ45
Transmitter behavior
Output impedance 100 differential
Return loss 2 MHz f 30 MHz: > 16 dB
30 MHz f 60 MHz: [16 20 * log(f /30 MHz)] dB
60 MHz f 80 MHz: > 10 dB
Level (9501050)mV
Single amplitude
symmetry 0.98 to 1.02
Rise/fall time 3 ns c t
r,f
5 ns, (10 to 90%)
Duty cycle DCD < 0.5 ns (referred to 50 % of Vout)
Output jitter < 1.4 ns peak-peak
Overshoot 0.05 * Vout
Receiver behavior
Output impedance 100 differential
Return loss 2 MHz f 30 MHz: > 16 dB
30 MHz f 60 MHz: [16 20 * log(f /30 MHz)] dB
60 MHz f 80 MHz: > 10 dB
Signal detect Assert-Time < 1000 ms
De-assert-Time < 350 ms
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100 BaseTX Fast Ethernet poet acc. to IEEE 803.3u
BER < 1E-2
Cable behavior
Connector plug Shielded RJ45
Cable type S/UTP
Category 5
Operating distance < 100 m
Insertion loss 19 dB (12.5 MHz, 100 m)

Tab. 9.9 Fast Ethernet Traffic Interface (100BaseTX)
9.1.10 Electrical Ethernet Interfaces 10BaseT
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IEEE 802.3
Bit rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Mbit/s
Frequency tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 MHz
PMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NRZI serial
Connector type at subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RJ-45
All details regarding the 10BaseT physical layer can be found in clauses 7 and 14 of IEEE
802.3.
9.2 Control Interfaces
9.2.1 SNMP/TCP/IP/Ethernet Interface for Network Management System
Bit rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 10/100 Mbit/s
Plug connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RJ45
9.3 Signaling Interfaces
9.3.1 Fault Indication and Services Status LEDs
Main board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LED (green) Power
1 LED (red) Critical
1 LED (orange) Major
1 LED (yellow) Minor
Interface Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 LED (red) FAULT
(Some card has no LED)

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9.4 Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization
9.4.1 2048-kHZ Interface

Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ITU-T G.703 (but frequency
range limited to 20 ppm)
Input Interface T3
Input frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 kHz
Balanced mode:
Input impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Input voltage U0P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 V to 1.9 V
Unbalanced mode:
Input impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Input voltage U0P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.375 V to 1.5 V
Output frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 kHz

Output Interface T4
Output frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 kHz
Output voltage U0P
With balanced load (120 in parallel with 60 pF) 1.0 V to 1.9 V
With unbalanced load (75 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.75 V to 1.5 V

9.5 Switching and Delay Times
9.5.1 MSPRing Protection Switching
Switching time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acc. to ITU-T G.841
External switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . manual switch, lockout, forced,
clear
Internal switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM,
MS-AIS, MS-EXC)
SD (from MS-DEG)
Switching type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N/A
Wait-to-restore time (for revertive operation) . . . . . . . 1 min to 12 min (1 second steps)
Operation type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revertive
CHAPTER 9
Technical Data

FTDG-600-01-41487
FW4070 Release 3.4
Technical Manual
9-11

9.5.2 MSP Line Protection Switching
clear
Internal switch requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF (from LOS, RS-LOF, RS-TIM,
MS-AIS, MS-EXC)
SD (from MS-DEG)
Switching type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unidirectional (single-ended) or
bidirectional (dual-ended)
Wait-to-restore time (for revertive operation) . . . . . . . 1 min to 12 min (1 second steps)
Operation type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revertive, non-revertive
9.5.3 SNC/I Path Protection Switching
clear
Internal switch requests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF (from SSF)
Switching type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unidirectional or bidirectional
Configurable persistency (hold-off time) . . . . . . . . . . 1 min to 12 min (1 second steps)
Operation type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . revertive or non-revertive
9.6 Power Supply

Input DC voltage (acc. to ETS 300 132-2) . . . . . . . . . 48 V or -60V
(Range 38 V to 72 V)
Input AC voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Range from100 to 240 V
Power consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 83 W
Maximum power consumption of cards:
2 STM-1 MB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15W
2 STM-4 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25W
2 STM-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5W
2 FE/L2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 W
6 FE/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6W
6 FX/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11W
8 FE/T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 W
21 E1/RT (75 ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 W
21 E1/RT (120 ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 W
3 E3/DS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 W
6 FXS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 W
CHAPTER 9
Technical Data

9-
12
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Technical Manual
FTDG-600-01-41487

24 FXO .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 W
OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5W

9.7 Environmental Conditions
9.7.1 Climatic Conditions
Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1e
Long term Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
o
C ~ 45
o
C
Long term Relative Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10% ~ 90% (40
o
C)
Short term Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
o
C ~ 50
o
C
Short term Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5% ~ 95% (40
o
C)
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 019 Class 1.2
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20
o
C ~ 60
o
C
Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% ~ 98%
Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 019 Class 2.3
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20
o
C ~ 60
o
C
Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% ~ 98%
9.7.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC
Electromagnetic immunity in compliance with. . . . . . ETS 300 386-1 v1.3.1
Conducted Emission
DC-power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 386-1 (corresponds with
EN 55022 class B for 0.15 to 30 MHz)
AC-power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ETS 300 386-1 (corresponds with
EN 55022 class B for 0.15 to 30 MHz)
Telecom ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CISPR 22 (1997), Class B
Electromagnetic emission in compliance with . . . . . . EN 55022, Class B
Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-2, Level 4
Radiated Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-3, Level 2
Electrical Fast Transients - DC Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-4, Level 1
Electrical Fast Transients - Telecom Ports . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-4, Level 2
Surges - Indoor Telecom Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-5, Level 1
Continuous Wave (all ports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EN 61000-4-6, Level 2
CHAPTER 9
Technical Data

FTDG-600-01-41487
FW4070 Release 3.4
Technical Manual
9-13

9.8 Dimensions in mm
Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 2200 300
Subrack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 75.5 265 (WHD)
Cards:
PWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 63.5
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 63.5
MB with 2 STM-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
MB with 2 STM- 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
2 FE/A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
6 FE/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
6 FX/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
8 FE/T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
21 E1/RT (120Ohm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
21 E1/RT (75Ohm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
3 E3/DS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
6 FXS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
24 FXO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 35.5
OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 35.5
9.9 Weights in kg
Rack according to ETSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0
Subrack (unequipped): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2
Cards:
AC PWR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.4
DC PWR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.4
Fan Tray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8
MB with 2 STM-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.3
MB with 2 STM- 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4
2 STM-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3
2 FE/A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.287
6 FE/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.270
6 FX/L2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.287
8 FE/T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.271
21 E1/RT (75) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.357
21 E1/RT (120) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.357
3 E3/DS3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.234
6 FXS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.304
24 FXO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.364
OA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.326

CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations

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FW4070 Release 3.4
Technical Manual
10-1

CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations
100BaseTx Fast Ethernet (Electrical Dual Twisted Pair Interface)
ADM Add-/Drop Multiplexer
AIS Alarm Indication Signal (G.782, G.783)
ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AU Administrative Unit (G.782) (G.783)
AUG Administrative Unit Group
B3ZS Binary 3 Zero Suppression (Code)
CC Cross-Connect
CMI Code Mark Inversion
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
DC Direct Current
DCC Data Communication Channel
DCCM DCC Multiplex Section (bytes D4 to D12)
DCCR DCC Regenerator Section (bytes D1 to D3)
DEG Signal Degraded
EM Element Manager
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EN European Standard
ETS European Telecommunication Standard
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
F Standardized Interface for the Connection to a Local Craft Terminal
FAULT Fault Alarm LED
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FE Fast Ethernet
FO Fiber Optic
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GFP Generic Framing Procedure
GUI Graphical User Interface
HBT High Bandwidth Tributary
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
HEC Header Error Control
HO High Order (SDH Traffic)
HW Hardware
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Interworking Protocol (G.784)
ITMN Installation and Test Manual
ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector of ITU
LAN Local Area Network
LBT Low Bandwidth Tributary
LED Light Emitting Diode
LLC Logical Link Control
LO Low Order (SDH Traffic)
LOF Loss of Frame (G.783)
LOS Loss of Signal (G.783)
CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations

10-
2
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Technical Manual
FTDG-600-01-41487

LP Lockout of Protection
LXC Local Cross-connect
MAC Media Access Control (ISO/IEC)
MCF Message Communications Function (G.782/783/784)
MIB Management Information Base
ML-PPP Multi-Link Ponit-to-Ponit
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MTS Multiplex Timing Source
NCT Network Craft Terminal
NE Network Element
OA Optical Amplifier
OH Overhead
OHX Overhead Access and Overhead Cross-Connection Function
OK Service LED
opt. optical
OS Operating System
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSN Optical Service Node
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (IP Protocol)
PC Personal Computer
PDF Portable Document Format
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PoS Packet over SDH
PRC Primary Reference Clock
PWR Power
RS232 Recommended Standard 232
SC System Controller
SD Signal Degrade (G.783)
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SEMF Synchronous Equipment Management Function (G.782) (G.783)
SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source SF Signal Fail (G.783)
SFF Small Form-factor (STM-64 Optical Modules)
SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable (Optical Modules)
SNC Sub-Network Connection
SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SOH Section Overhead (G.782)
SSF Server Signal Fail
SSM Synchronization Status Message
STM Synchronous Transport Module (G.782/G.783/G.784)
STM-N Synchronous Transport Module, Level N
SW Software
T0 NE-Internal System Clock Pulse
T1 Clock Pulse, Synchronizing from STM-N Port
T3 Incoming Clock Pulse, Synchronizing from External 2048 kHz
Clock Pulse
T4 Outgoing, External Synchronous Clock Pulse 2048 kHz
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TIF Telemetry Interface
TMN Telecommunications Management Network (G.782, G.783, G.784)
TMX Terminal Multiplexer
TNMS Telecommunication Network Management System
TSD Trail Signal Degrade
TSF Trail Signal Failed
CHAPTER 10
Abbreviations

FTDG-600-01-41487
FW4070 Release 3.4
Technical Manual
10-3

TU Tributary Unit
TUG Tributary Unit Group
ULED LED Voltage
UMN User Manual
VC Virtual Container
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
WAN Wide Area Network
CHAPTER 11
Index

FTDG-600-01-41487
FW4070 Release 3.4
Technical Manual
11-1

CHAPTER 11
Index
A
AC Power Supply Card, 6-6
add/drop function, 4-2
application management module, 7-7
C
Commissioning, 8-2
D
DC Power Supply Card, 6-5
Dimensions, 9-14
E
Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card, 6-14
Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card 21 E1 Card, 6-15
Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card 21E1/DS1, 6-16
Electrical 2 Mbit/s Interface Card 8 E1 Card, 6-15
Electrical 34-Mbit/s / 45-Mbit/s Interface Card 3 E3/DS3,
6-11
Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC, 9-13
Environmental Conditions, 9-13
Ethernet Packet Multiplexer and Mapping Functions, 5-6
F
Fan Assembly, 6-6
Fast Ethernet Card 8 FE/T Card, 6-26
Fast Ethernet Card 2 FE/A Card, 6-19
Fast Ethernet Card 6 FE/L2 Card, 6-21
Fast Ethernet Card 6 FX/L2 Card, 6-23
Fast Ethernet Interface Cards, 6-19
FE and E1 Combo Card 8 E1 + 4 FE/C, 6-27
H
hardware driven modules, 7-8
I
Interfaces for Network Clock Synchronization, 9-11
L
Laser Safety Shut-down, 5-9
Linear Topologies with Add/Drop Function, 4-2
M
Mainboard 2 STM-1 Main Board, 6-7
Mainboard 2 STM-4 Main Board, 6-9
Management System Protection, 7-6
Maximum power consumption of cards, 9-12
MIB management, 7-9
MSP Protection, 5-13
MS-SPRING, 5-10
N
NE Software, 7-6
non-revertive, 5-13
O
Optical Amplifier Card OA, 6-34
Optical STM-1 Interface Card 2 STM-1, 6-12
P
Path Protection Switching, 5-10, 5-13
PDH Mapping into SDH Containers, 5-5
FLEXR-C, 7-4
FLEXR-C FW4070 FLEXR-L, 7-4
Power Supply Card PWR, 6-5
R
revertive, 5-13
Ring Applications, 4-5, 4-6
S
SDH, 5-3, 5-4
SNC/I, 5-13
SNMP agent, 7-8
Subrack, 5-2
Subrack and Slot Arrangement, 6-3
SURPASS hiT 7030 subrack physical appearance, 5-2
CHAPTER 11
Index

11-
2
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Technical Manual
FTDG-600-01-41487

Synchronization, 5-8
System Controller Card SC, 6-7
T
Terminal-to-Terminal Topologies, 4-2
Timing Output Interface, 5-9
V
Voice Interface Card 24 FXO Card, 6-31
Voice Interface Card 6 FXS Card, 6-30
Voice Interface Cards, 6-30
VxWorks, 7-8
W
Weights, 9-14

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