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INTRODUCTION
E-business (electronic business), derived from such terms as "e-mail" and "e-commerce," is the
conduct of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and
collaborating with business partners. Today, major corporations are rethinking their businesses in
terms of the Internet and its new culture and capabilities. Companies are using the Web to buy
parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales promotions, and to do joint
research. Exploiting the convenience, availability, and world-wide reach of the Internet, many
companies, such as Amazon.com, the book sellers, has already discovered how to use the
Internet successfully.
The internet provides consumers with an increasing amount of ways to interact with businesses
and has made buying and selling more competitive worldwide. The rate of globalization has been
significantly impacted by the internet, making it easier for people and organizations separated by
distance to communicate and interact with each other.
E-business can be as simple as using the internet to send emails between staff or communicate
with suppliers. A business can be considered an e-business even if it doesn't buy and sell
products over the internet, as the term refers to business activities that are assisted by the
internet. For example, a successful shop front business may decide to create a website to promote
their business but not actually sell products directly through the internet. Almost all businesses
are now an e-business to at least some extent; however, many have taken a step further and are
involved with e-commerce.
As the internet continues to grow in popularity, technology improves and access becomes more
widely available, more and more entrepreneurs are expected to capitalize on the potential of
using the internet to operate their business.



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WHAT IS E-BUSINESS
E-Business (electronic business) is using technology to improve your business processes. This
includes managing internal processes such as human resources, financial and administration
systems, as well as external processes such as sales and marketing, supply of goods and services,
and customer relationships.
With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW), or the "web," traditional business
organizations that had relied on catalog sales had a new sales vector. Other business found that
the web was a good place to put customer service information, such as manuals and drivers, as
well as a place to help create a consistent corporate image. As the web developed, a number of
Internet-based businesses developed, including companies like eBay and Amazon, and web-
based information.
The way in which you manage your business relationships has not changed, but the way they are
referred to when using E-Business tools has. They are becoming more often known as:
Business to business (B2B)
Business to consumer (B2C) (also known as E-Commerce)
Government to consumer (G2C)
Government to business (G2B).
ADVANTAGES OF E-BUSINESS
The benefits of implementing E-Business tools are not so much in the use of technology, as in
the streamlining of business processes and the ease in finding new markets. Some of the
advantages include:
Quicker and easier communications
Strengthened marketing capabilities and reach
Increased hours of operation (a website provides 24 hour 7 day information to existing and
potential customers)
Access to broader information through research
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Reducing the cost of doing business by lowering transaction costs and increasing efficient
methods for payment, such as using online banking and reducing stationery and postage
costs
The opportunities to adopt new business models and develop tailored customer support.

Status of e-business in Bangladesh
Internet services are presently available in Bangladesh. Its usage for e-business by the
Bangladeshi producers to export as well as to access inputs will be dependent on their
willingness and ability to use this medium as well as that of the buyers of final products and the
sellers of intermediate goods and services.
Currently, e-business ranges from simple sites providing corporate information to sites offering
goods and services for sale online. Innovative uses for new voice and video communication
technologies include online language tutoring. Large commercial information repositories are
growing and use of the Internet for research is now common. Online sales from web-based
storefronts continue to grow. Sales of digital information, in the form of eBooks and digital
music files, are more recent offerings by e-businesses like Apple, Amazon, and Barnes & Noble.
Electronic business methods enable companies to link their internal and external data processing
systems more efficiently and flexibly, to work more closely with suppliers and partners, and to
better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers.
In practice, e-business is more than just e-commerce. While e-business refers to more strategic
focus with an emphasis on the functions that occur using electronic capabilities, e-commerce is a
subset of an overall e-business strategy. E-commerce seeks to add revenue streams using the
World Wide Web or the internet to build and enhance relationships with clients and partners and
to improve efficiency using the empty vessel strategy. Often, e-commerce involves the
application of knowledge management systems.
E-business involves business processes spanning the entire value chain: electronic purchasing
and supply chain management, processing orders electronically, handling customer service, and
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cooperating with business partners. Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the
exchange of data between companies. E-business software solutions allow the integration of intra
and inter firm business processes. E-business can be conducted using the web, the internet,
intranets, extranets, or some combination of these.
E-business has created tremendous opportunity all over the globe. Bangladesh is still lagging
behind to avail the opportunity of e-business. Most of the business sector of Bangladesh focuses on
the traditional system for conducting their business. However some sectors, specially the banking
sector of Bangladesh has successfully play complementary role to spread e business.
Internet has created an immense opportunities for not only buying and selling products via online but
also managing the entire business operations.

The present status of e business in Bangladesh is described in below:

Banking Sector:
Now a days online baking is the most useful to people. By this people can easily communicate
with the bank at any time in everywhere. All this happen, because of e-business. Through the e-
business the facilities that are given by the bank are.

MONEY LINK:
The money links the name of banks service automated teller machine service. Through this,
customers are able to withdraw cash from their accounts, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week.
PHONE LINK:
The phone link represents a state of the art technology in the banking sector. Through this
service, account holders may avail of the conveniences of doing a host of peripheral banking
works on the phone.
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ATM:
ATM is a self service device for producing teller services to banks clients. This can be defined as
tellers designed for unattended customer use. This is also a form of electrical fund transfer
(EFT).

DEBIT CARD:
Using debit card one can use his deposit money only, cash withdraw, and buying, paying bills etc
can be done using this cards.

CREDIT CARD:
There are various types of credit cards:
Credit card
Visa and Master card credit cards
Charge card


TELE BANKING:
It is another type of voice prompted electronic banking system in which a touch-tone phone is
used. Here the services are:
Check account balance.
Receive balance and transaction reporting.
Communicate with bank employee via e-mail


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Retail Sector:
In todays competitive world of
Business competitive advantage
can be gain by proper
information system and
developing that information
system. Large retail chain of
our country such as Aarongs
information system is a sign of
the modern business
organization of Bangladesh.
Fig: Supply Chain Management Process

As we know, supply chain is the movement of materials as they flow from their source to the end
customer. The whole supply chain of an organization includes purchasing, manufacturing,
warehousing, transportation, customer service; demand planning, supply planning etc. It is made
up of the employees, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product from
supplier to its customer

Large organizations supply chain management system is a group of things working together.
Computers, fax machines, data storage system, operating personals, procedures for the
employees and the most vital components of supply chain management system are its
telecommunication system. Cell phones have helped firms to create a communication network
with every suppliers and transportation partners across the country. All this components work
together to provide information to collect products, manage the suppliers, to provide services,
create report etc. Different computer softwares are also used in the supply chain management.
This software is used for both supply chain planning and to help them to execute the supply
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chain steps. Many firms have hired trained
professionals to operate its supply chain
management system and keep updating
them.

Buying and selling products
using online: A part of e
business also includes buying and
selling goods via online. Though buying and selling goods with the use of online is a new
trend in Bangladesh but it has become more popular. It has also changed the way in
which the company works with its partners. Many organizations have explored that
buying and selling products via online is more convenient and they are also time and cost
saving.


The major benefits of buying and selling products via online are:
A shared value chain
Operating cost down
More outsourced process
Web based workflow
Less intermediaries
Customization
Some popular e commerce sites of Bangladesh are:
www.hatbazar.com
www.rokomari.com
www.bd bazaar.com
www.bikroy.com
www.cellbazar.com
www.bdgift.com
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Status of outsourcing in Bangladesh:
E business has also created tremendous opportunities of global outsourcing. The development of
Bangladeshs outsourcing business has important implications for global customers seeking to
explore it as a new destination for outsourcing work. Decision makers primarily judge
outsourcing locations by cost, availability of skills and manpower, both current and future, and
across all these areas, Bangladesh scores well. Most of the work done by the Bangladeshi
outsourcing pioneers comprises low-value add jobs such as graphics design and website
development. Some companies also work on product
development, mobile application development and
software development. However, today many global
companies once clients of these pioneers, have bought
into them, and are using them for mid range software and
IT outsourcing projects.

Quality improvements in skill levels and delivery
capabilities have been steady. Many of
Bangladeshi outsourcing vendors have got certified for
their outstanding performance. Also,
a few companies got themselves certified to robust
information security processes by getting ISO:27001 certified. Owing to a huge domestic market
in BFSI and telecom sectors, Bangladeshi vendors have also advanced to offering specific
business knowledge in areas such as Core Banking solutions, Micro credit solutions, Islamic
Banking and Mobile application development and deployment. Such insights create closer links
between vendor and client, resulting in higher productivity and profitability for both.
Bangladesh at present is more suited for less complex projects such as website development,
mobile content development, back office software development, 2D/3D animation, desktop
publications and call centers.
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E-Business models going forward through use of Open Source, Web 2.0
and m-Commerce

In recent times, Open Sources systems are available in the market, which provide the e-Business
providers options to customize these systems to whatever extent they want. Also, the advent of
Web 2.0 has just opened a host of other possibilities to customize e-Business systems in a very
easy manner which can be used by a minimal IT literate population (example - wiki). Various
business models such as SaaS (Software as a Service) are gaining popularity due to the flexibility
offered with maximum customization, less cost and
minimal system ownership. Furthermore, e-Business
transactions are no longer limited to computers, but can
also be transacted through mobile devices such as
mobiles, PDAs, i-Phones and so on. Considering the
leaps taken by technology and infrastructure, there are
no limits to what form and shape would e-
Business take in the years to come.



E-business can add value that will help the firm to attain more consumer and profitability.
Bangladeshi companies, organizations have problems to start e business into full swing.
But the situation is improving. According to Network Readiness Index, 2014 Bangladesh has
ranked 115 which were 118 a few years ago. Bangladesh has to go long way to develop its e
business. Both public and private cooperation and strategic alliance is required to develop e-
business system in the country.


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E Business Potential
All e-business is potentially worldwide in scope. There are no national or territorial boundaries
on the internet. The jurisdictional exposure to uncertain and possibly conflicting laws is great.
The ease of access to e-business businesses through the internet coupled with their 24x7
availability presents a strong likelihood that customers from around the world will visit sites.
This global exposure and related legal risks associated with the absence of territorial boundaries
as well as business hour limitations need to be kept in mind. E-business websites are private
property. They may be thought of as a piece of virtual real estate in cyberspace. Because they are
positioned in cyberspace there is an implied invitation to visit them. They are intended to be
visited. Visitation is encouraged further by advertising. This is one reason why websites need to
implement applicable Terms of Use so that customers and visitors are on notice as to the house
rules applicable to the websites, their content, services and use. Website Terms of Use have
become the principal legal strategy for managing the legal risks associated with e-business or
virtual business websites. Another major characteristic of e-commerce business applications is to
recognize their dependence on information technology.

The risks of computer errors, hackers, and computer viruses, denial of service attacks, power
outages, computer malfunctions and unplanned downtime need to be appreciated. Security,
reliability and scalability are thus very important to e-commerce businesses and promise to
become increasingly more important in the years ahead. Cyber security has become increasingly
more important as the risks become increasingly more another factor is the anonymous nature of
the relationship between e-buyers and sellers. Fraud is much more of a risk in e-business
transactions because of the anonymous character of the relationship. There are concerns over
possible export control violations, customers being children or other persons who are not
competent to enter into a contract with the seller, or being someone using another partys identity
or account number. Identity theft has become a major concern. These concerns are more
problematic because of the anonymous, virtual relationship that exists in e-business transactions.
It is also important to recognize that brand names and branding strategies are much more
important in e-business. E-business companies need to recognize the importance of a trust
relationship with their customers. Trust has emerged as a critical success factor.
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Trust has emerged as a critical success factor. It is important to recognize that most e-business
applications involve intellectual property considerations. Linking, framing, caching and
downloading, for example, all implicate the copyright laws. Access to and use of most of website
content also may require copyright analysis. Patent, trademark, domain name and trade secret
issues may also need to be considered. The intellectual property analysis should be an integral
part of the early planning and design for new e-business applications. E-commerce business
models are usually based on the network effect. Network effects arise when the value of the e-
business application increases with the addition of each participant. Supply and demand do not
have the traditional economic relationship. E-business agreements tend to be short in duration
with due regard to rapidly changing market conditions and advances in technology.
The prospects of E-business in Bangladesh
If we can establish E-business very well in Bangladesh, it will be huge sector for an
employment. Thousands of employees can work on this field. It will decrease cost but increase
sell of product/services.
The vision of Present Government is to make Bangladesh Digital by 2021. The Government is
working hard to achieve Digital Bangladesh by 2021. With a view to this, several activities
including introduction of e-Governance and e-Commerce have already been undertaken. Some
sectors have started doing e-business. Mobile Phone Companies (e. g. Flexi load, GP Bill Pay
Services); Banks (e.g. Online- Banking), Shopping Malls (e.g. Buying and Selling using Credit
Card) are a few of them.
E-business and Retail Industry
Retailers are in the immediate line of fire and are first to bear the brunt of cost cutting. They are
putting that pressure on the manufacturing and supplier end of the pipeline. At the same time, the
quest for efficiencies has led to turmoil and consolidation within the retail industry. The pressure
experienced by retailers and suppliers can be seen in the disappearance of jobs, in mergers, and
in the increase in business failures in the manufacturing sector. The problems are indeed serious.
Electronic markets could provide a partial solution by promising customers more convenience
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and merchants greater efficiency and interactivity with suppliers to revitalize the troubled
retailing sector.
E-business and Marketing
Electronic business is forcing companies to rethink the existing ways of doing target marketing
(isolating and focusing on a segment of the population), relationship marketing (building and
sustaining a long-term relationship with existing and potential customers), and even event
marketing (setting up a virtual booth where interested people come and visit). Consider the case
of conventional direct marketers, who devote some 25 percent of their revenues to such costs as
printing and postages for catalogs. Interactive marketing could help cut such expenses and may
even deliver better results.
Where will E-business go from the present situation:
E-business has taken a number of paths since companies first started using web, and since they began to take
advantage of e-commerce opportunities. As technology advances and the web users become more immersed in it,
e-business will inevitably have to evolve and adapt to change in the web culture. Overall, we can expect to see the
following e-business movement s in the coming years:-

Renewed SME entrepreneurialism; Economic drivers will catalyze the resurgence
of entrepreneurialism, as disenfranchised employees look to the web for new opportunities. Small
businesses in particular will also be able to offer lower costs to their customers, so the coming years will
be an interesting time for small businesses with little capital to play with.

A social media slowdown may be witnessed as many organizations are already feeling saturated by
social media tools. Savvy businesses may look to tools to help consolidate their use of social platforms-
perhaps through one port of entry or single sign on.

An online advertising revolution; Downloadable widgets (tools that allow chunks of codes to be
distributed through third party sites) will continue to have far reaching possibilities-especially to drive
online sales and further marketing and PR. So instead of static banner ads, companies will increasingly
put interactive content in their place.
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Greater customer-centricity ; Leaders in e-business already allow users to choose what content they see
and e-commerce sites in particular can target products and service to those most likely to make a
purchase. However, sites that allow customers to choose what they see (as well as buy) will strengthen
trust and increase their sales.

The dawn of the e-commerce price wars; As the recession persists, price wars will continue to break
out between both store and online rivals. However as retailers drop their prices further, they risk devaluing
some of the brands they represent. Therefore, many manufacturers-dependent on their product type-may
choose only to work with more established bricks & mortar outlets with an e-commerce channel-or
simply sell directly their customers online.

Potential Future of E-Business & its impact on society
Internet and e-business has developed a new facet of the trade industry coupled immense market
opportunities, unlimited exposure and humungous fiscal benefits. The consistent growth of
online trade industry is exceedingly encouraging and luscious for the new-comers in terms of the
massive monetary turnovers. Statistics also advocate the e-business culture due to its rising
popularity graph amongst the consumers worldwide. It is however significant to note that
establishing an e-business website may appear to be a convenient option but it primarily involves
technical support combined with a well thought-out plan before its commencement as the online
competition is extremely aggressive. The initiation of instituting an e-business website requires
huge investments and creativity to surface as a ground breaking contender however, once the
business has been established the prospects and economic returns are absolutely remarkable.
Despite numerous fiscal, technological and physical difficulties, the future of e-business is
inevitable brilliant.
The societal impacts of e-business activities are both positive and negative. Growth in business
opportunities, marked exposure in world arena, convenience of shopping and extensive choice of
products are some positive attributes of e-business. On the other hand, sluggishness, cyber-abuse
and less employment opportunities are some negative traits. However, the overall society is
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benefited by the incorporation of advanced technological mechanisms in the business world. The
most significant aspects of e-business practice are the superior disclosure of innovation and
growing awareness about cross-broader business market. Both buyers and sellers are reaping the
benefits of scientific innovations that have brought almost everything in the reach of a common
man with the help of e-business exercise.
Constraints of E-business in Bangladesh
The number of Internet users is not adequate to create potential profit earning e-business; there is
lack of infrastructural facilities including electricity and transportation system; high and unstable
prices of computer and hardware is discouraging, there is lack of skilled manpower and
personnel required for effective e-business; there is absence of cyber law and lack of
governmental legislation and awareness.
In general, the main issues of concern those act as barriers to the increased uptake of information
technology and e-business are the following:
1. Limited access and use of computer and telephone
2. High internet connection cost
3. Slow internet connection speed
4. Unpredictable power supplies
5. Credit card conundrum
6. Lack of modern financial system
7. Language barrier
8. Lack of flat rate phone plan
9. High illiteracy rate
10. Legislation and regulation are not contemporary
11. Personal computer and other computer device access rate are low
12. Low penetration of credit card
13. Security and privacy issues
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Computer and Telephone Access: To make successful e marketing customer must have access
to computer and an internet service provider (ISP) to use the internet. In Bangladesh numbers of
internet users are not enough to support successful e marketing.
Internet Connection Cost: Country like Bangladesh has higher internet related business cost- a
concern because the internet is essential for every e business. Internet connection cost is high
relative to the purchase power of people.
Slow Internet Connection Speed and Website Design: Another key issue of e marketing in BD
is the relationship between connection speed and website design. Although most internet
connection around the world is through dial up connections, a telephone line limits the speed
which data can be sent and received. The current maximum speed for modern internet
connection is 300kbps. Download speed is 300kbps.This has significant implication for Website
design, specially the extent to which graphics are used. The web is quintessentially a visual
medium and users expects to see pictures, particularly complicated graphics and pictures that
move, swirl and morph into usual shape. Yet each of these elements slows the download rate. In
BD, with slow connections speed and a user may be paying the minute, download speed is a
major consideration. Two points are important here.
First, every e-marketer needs to understand how connection speeds influence download rate.
Second, just because graphic designers can do something cutting edge on websites doesnt mean
they should. In other words, just because a website can use flash graphics and incorporate a lot of
pictures doesnt mean that it should.
Unpredictable Power Supplies: In BD another challenge for e-marketer is sporadic electricity.
Supplies of electricity and access to it dont bring optimum position to bring a good prospect for
e-marketing.
Credit Card Conundrum: Convenience and ease of transaction are two of the internets
greatest benefits. Credit card and secure online payment systems make seamless and easy web
based transactions in developed countries. So, it is not always possible for buyer to pay
electronically for not having a credit card.
Lack of Modern Financial System: The Bangladeshi cash based culture limits the volume of
online transactions. The establishment of payment counter, ATM booth and collection agencies
is expected to lessen to severity of the problem but will also add to overhead expense incurred by
online service.
Language Barrier: Most online service providers opt to provide bilingual interface for their
sites to accommodate local and foreign customer. This increase cost and adds some technical
challenges.
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High Illiteracy Rate: High illiteracy rate limits usage of high-tech services of all kinds.
Progressive governmental strategies are centrally needed to reduce the relatively high illiteracy
rate.
Legislation and Regulation: New rules and laws are needed to address issues related to
taxation, software piracy, credit card fraud and online money laundering.
Security: Ensuring security of payments and privacy of online transactions is key to the
widespread acceptance and adoption of e-commerce. While the appropriate policies are in place
to facilitate e-business, lack of trust is still a barrier to using the Internet to make online
transactions. Moreover, credit card usage in our country is still relatively low.
Recommendation:
Organization should take the responsibility to makes popular E Marketing in Bangladesh. Its
helps them to reduce the cost and convenient and value added service to its customer. The other
recommendations are:
1. Train the people to use the E Business system
2. To provide more information about the benefit of E Business system
3. Organization need to have more preparation to use the system thus there are no problem when
the user use the E Business system.
4. The current govt. of republic of Bangladeshs is to make a Digital Bangladesh, so they have
also the responsibility to develop more E Business related firm
5. At last public should aware to use E Business as the system is developing only for customer
convenience.



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Conclusion
Despite being a poor country, selected segments of the Bangladeshi business community has
embraced technology with reasonable success. The Facsimile in the 1980s and mobile
telephones in the 1990s popularized modern technology in the mass market. Personal computers
and the Internet are also emerging as day-to-day business tools. These positive indicators are
favoring the prospects of e-commerce in Bangladesh. Synergy between telecommunications and
information technology has the proven capability of monitoring and administering the real-time
transactions. Therefore, liberalizing the telecom and IT sectors as well as reforming the countrys
financial and commercial procedures is the preconditions of successfully implementing
ecommerce in Bangladesh. In the case of marketing, simply having a website in the vast sea of
the Internet is not sufficient. Uniformity is an important factor in the commencing of contracts
through the Internet. Therefore, to take advantage of the newer opportunities that IT
development presents, the Bangladeshi companies have to attain internationally accepted
certification on quality control, competitive price and timely delivery. Creating awareness among
the Bangladeshi exporters regarding e-commerce is essential. They have to be knowledgeable to
appreciate and to utilize the benefits of IT. Business associations can play a major part at this
juncture by highlighting the benefits of IT to its members, and encouraging them to use
customized software for their day-to-day operations. The overview of the legal and regulatory
statutes suggests that Bangladesh has made significant progress in facing the challenge of
globalization and concurrently, embracing e-commerce in due course. Technological and
infrastructural constraints to e-commerce can be overcome if existing laws and regulations are
implemented. A better understanding of the potential benefits of e-commerce by the
policymakers and bureaucrats is essential for speedy implementation and further reforms.




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Reference
Ali, Muhammad Mahboob(2003): E-business in the age of Globalization: Bangladesh
perspective, The Bangladesh observer, September, 13.
Chaffey, Dave (2006). E-business & E-commerce management, Financial times press, UK, 3
rd

edition.
Chandra (2007).Consumer behavior of Online Banking in Bangladesh, Journal of Business
Studies, Vol.XXVII, No.2, December.
Huda, Shakil, Momen, Mohammad Abdul, Ahmed, Mushtaque(2004):On Line Banking System,
Finance and Banking,, Vo.6,No.1 & 2.

Ahmed, Feroz and Islam, Md.Tarikul (2008):E-Banking: Performance, Problems and Potentials
in Bangladesh, Business Review, Vol.06, No.1&2, January to December.

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