Developing an Android Expert System for Diagnosing Illnesses and Prescribing Herbal Remedies

1
Chapter 1
RESEARCH DESCRIPTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Primary health services remain elusive or inaccessible to majority of our
population, especially those living in the rural and poor areas of the country said
Senator Edgardo J !ngara from the online article entitled "ring health care to rural
areas using #$%& S'(') *+,11- #n another article entitled .ural !reas suffer most
from poor /ealth $are System, says !ngara he mentioned about the sufferings
e0perienced by the Philippines that is the 1&11,,,, doctor2to2population ratio 3hich is
much 3orse than in 4S 3ho only have a 1&11, *+,,5- /e also added that majority of
these doctors reside in urban areas, thus it 3ill be difficult for people in rural areas to
avail their services
)o 3onder 3hy most of these people ris6 their health into self2medication and
into traditional healing better 6no3n as herbal medication or even 7uac6 doctors
8inancial consideration is another reason 3hy most people in rural areas shift to self2
medication using herbs
Policarpio Pol $ainoy a 9octor of :inistry in )atural /ealing *9:)/- and an
e0pert in alternative healing said that herbal medication is safe; ho3ever improper
medication may also cause complications Same 3hen herbal medicine and synthetic
medicine are used at the same time
8urthermore, this pushes Senator !ngara to promote a national %elehealth system
in the country saying that this means access to 7uality health care for every 8ilipino
*.ural !reas suffer most from Poor /ealth $are System says !ngara, +,,5- %he
+
%elehealth includes #nformation and $ommunication %echnology *#$%- %here 3ere
developed systems but these are for2profit and most of these are 3eb2based and
computer2based 3hich re7uires access to #nternet or<and computer
!s of no3 there are only t3enty2five *+1- herbalist all over Philippines handling
clinic of herbal = natural healing to be specific that is 9o6 !lternatibo 3hom researchers
refer their study !nd if that is the case full accommodation to million 8ilipino patients
seriously implies a problem *9o6 !lternatibo /erbal :edicine $linic, +,1,)
1. State!ent of the Pro"#e!
%hese are the follo3ing problems considered in this study&
a %he delivery of basic health services in remote areas are inade7uate #n most
cases, people rely on 7uac6 doctors for immediate medical care
b >hile the use herbal medicine is being promoted, people in remote areas are
not familiar 3ith its use and administration %his is aggravated by the lac6 of
trained herbalist in most areas
1.$ Re%earch O"&ect'(e%
%he follo3ing are the objectives of this research&
1.$.1 )enera# O"&ect'(e
%he objective of this research is to develop an e0pert system for !ndroid
phones that 3ill be used to diagnose common medical problems and subse7uently
prescribe herbal medication for each problem it diagnose
?
1.$. Spec'f'c O"&ect'(e%
%he specific objectives of the study are the follo3ing&
a %o capture the e0pertise of medical doctors in diagnosing patient@s diseases,
diseases such as gastroenteritis, dysentery, chic6en po0, measles,
tuberculosis, sinusitis, cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis mumps, typhoid fever, flu,
diarrhea, constipation, hypertension, anemia, dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer,
gastric ulcer, parasitic 3orms, rheumatism, headache, ,sore throat and
abdominal pain;
b %o capture the e0pertise of an herbalist in prescribing herbal remedies for the
diagnosed diseases covered;
c %o analyAe and design rules from the 6no3ledge ac7uired from the interactive
sessions 3ith the domain e0perts and other sources such as boo6s and the
3eb
d %o test and fine tune the encoded 6no3ledge of the e0pert system
1.* Scope and +'!'tat'on
%he follo3ing defines the scope and limitations of the research&
1.*.1 Scope of the Re%earch
a %his e0pert system models the e0pertise of a medical doctor in diagnosing an
illness and the e0pertise of an herbalist in prescribing herbal medicines using
E+B9roid e0pert system shell
C
1.*. +'!'tat'on% of the Re%earch
a 'nly 11 selected approved herbs by 9epartment of /ealth of the Philippines
3ere considered and so only those ailments that are 3ithin the capabilities of
these herbs 3ere included
b 'nly the follo3ing diseases can be diagnosed by the system, gastroenteritis,
dysentery, chic6en po0, measles, tuberculosis, sinusitis, cold, pharyngitis,
tonsillitis mumps, typhoid fever, flu, diarrhea, constipation, hypertension,
anemia, dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, parasitic 3orms, rheumatism,
headache, ,sore throat and abdominal pain;
c $hronic diseases of slo3 progression such as heart disease, stro6e, cancer, and
other major diseases are not included in the system
1., S'gn'f'cance of the Re%earch
%he developed e0pert system 3ill serve as a tool for the people in remote areas in
diagnosing the possible disease of the patient and prescribing herbal remedies %he
developed e0pert system intends to provide alternative approaches to medical care in the
absence of medical health practitioners %his also provides portability since it is mobile2
based and does not re7uire #nternet connection; therefore it is usable anytime and
any3here, addressing scarcity of medical health personnel to deliver medical care
:oreover, other researchers may use this as their bases in developing reliable application
to support the development of health care in the Philippines
1
CHAPTER
RE-IE. O/ RE+ATED +ITERAT0RES
%his chapter presents past studies and e0isting systems that researchers used as
basis in the development of the proposed system %he systems 6eenly differentiated
getting each strengths and 3ea6nesses Every identified approaches applied are gathered
and are used for the fulfillment of the proposed ne3 approach in relative to the current
problem !side from related systems, a brief discussion of the used tool that is through
e0pert system and an overvie3 of herbal medication are included
.1 Re#ated Sy%te!%
#n this section developed related systems are presented 3ith its characteristics
.1.1 12CIN
#t 3as stated by John 9ur6in in his boo6 entitled E0pert Systems& 9esign and
9evelopment that :D$#) is a rule2based medical e0pert system, just li6e the proposed
system #t captures the e0pertise of a human e0pert on diagnosing meningitis and
bacteremia infections #t provides consultative advice to the user *physician or doctors-
about the disease %he system has t3o functions, first is to the blood disease based on the
obtained patient@s medical data and second is to suggest a treatment or prescription %he
system is consist of three sub2systems& consultation system, e0planation system and rule
ac7uisition system %he system considers every single detail and provides acceptable
solutions and conclusions #t also provides accurate and 7uic6 diagnosis /o3ever, the
system is only available to meningitis and bacteremia infections %he system is goal2
driven and operates using simple inference engine #t 3ill as6 the user a set of yes<no
E
7ueries then provides a conclusion and treatment %he consultation has t3o phases 8irst
the diagnosis, 3herein most li6ely infectious organisms are identified %hen, the second
phase in the prescription of one or more drugs that should control for all of the possible
organisms *9ur6in, 155C-
%he system is an initial step in the development of medical e0pert systems #t also
serves as a model for the future development of medical e0pert systems %he system@s
consultation structure serves as a model for the researchers in developing and designing
the proposed e0pert system
.1. ONCOCIN3 An E4pert Sy%te! for Onco#ogy Protoco#
1anage!ent
')$'$#) is a medical e0pert system %he development of the consultation
system addresses 7uestions regarding the optimal representation of comple0 medical
6no3ledge #ts function is to assist physicians in the treatment of cancer patients %he
system is a rule based system that uses for3ard chaining ')$'$#) allo3s an
interaction 3ith historical data but it re7uires inference rules based on assessment trends
%he domain 6no3ledge is represented using four main types of data structure& $onte0ts,
Parameters, .ules, and $ontrol "loc6s $onte0ts represent concepts or entities of the
domain about 3hich the system needs static 6no3ledge, and aid in organiAing the
6no3ledge base $onte0ts may be a disease, protocol or chemotherapy Parameters
represent the attributes of patients, drugs, tests, etc ! rule concludes a value for some
parameter on the basis of values of other parameters $ontrol bloc6s contains an ordered
set of steps to be used for accomplishing a specific tas6 *E/ Shortliffe,+,1?-
%he project see6s to identify ne3 techni7ues for bringing large !# programs to a
F
clinical audience %he system also needs for improved data collection and decision
ma6ing
Just li6e the proposed system, the system also tends to develop a system that can
aid in medical health care
.1.$ Her"a# Pre%cr'"er Data"a%e
!ccording to $hristopher /obbs the developer of /erbal Prescriber 9atabase, this
system is an online database of herbs, ailments, and the corresponding uses #t provides
herbal prescriptions for a certain disease #t gives an option to the user 3hether to e0plore
through selecting or searching an herb or ailment Each herb includes a brief information,
dosage and ailments treated Each ailment on the other hand includes its description along
3ith its treatment plan 8urthermore, it provides a list of recommended herbal remedies
*$hristopher /obbs@ /erbal Prescriber 9atabase, +,1+-
%he interface is made simple 3ith herbs and ailments in table form 8irst letters of
every 3ord are provided !lso, a search bar for direct 7uery for a specific herb or ailment
is provided
! constant dosage for all ailments associated to a specified herbal plant is
included; ho3ever the instruction on ho3 to use is not clearly presented "ecause of this,
a misunderstanding bet3een the application and the user might happen; leading to
improper medication and may result to complications
%he system is relevant to the proposed system since it also prescribe herbal
remedies to health problems %his provides the researchers an insight on ho3 to present
the herbal prescription in the proposed system
G
/'gure .1. Her"a# Pre%cr'"er Data"a%e Ho!e Page
.1.* Her"%
/erbs is a commercialiAed, computer2based soft3are created by Hentrum
Publishing !ccording to the developer, this soft3are has eight panels; /erbal (isting,
#mage "ro3ser, /erbal !ctions, $ommission E, 9igestive System, %e0t 8iles, 9ata "an6
and .esources !s stated, /erbal (isting is a section of the system that contains the brief
information, dosage and description of the inputted herbal plant 'n the other hand,
#mage bro3ser lets the user bro3se stored images of herbal plants >hile, /erbal !ctions
gives a list of curable health concerns by a specific herbal plant 8urthermore,
$ommission E 3here affliction corresponds to some possible medical herbal remedies
determined according to herbal actions that are approved by Berman $ommission E
%he system allo3s user to search by inputting the name of a specific herbal plant
and the soft3are gives the list of herbal medication it is capable of /o3ever, the system
does not clearly present 3hat specific affliction can it treat
%he succeeding figures sho3case the screen shots of /erbs soft3are interface
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8igure ++ sho3s herbal soft3are home page the starting page of the soft3are 3here eight
panels are listed 8igure +? is the $ommision E page that presents the list of afflictions
and its corresponding medicinal herbal remedies and at the same page 8igure +C the
/erbal (isting page consist of herbal plant and its information 3hich includes its
botanical and other names, parts used, dosage, actions, description and references for
further reading
Just li6e the proposed system, this system deals 3ith herbal remedy prescription
#ts prescription are based on the active properties of each herbs that 3ill address the
disease 4nli6e the proposed system, this is not an e0pert system #n addition, the
proposed system used only those proven herbal plants, 3hich used to cure diseases for a
long time
/'gure .. Her"a# Soft5are Ho!e Page
1,
/'gure .$. Co!!'%%'on E Page
/'gure .*. Her"a# +'%t'ng Page
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.1., /APDA3 /'r%t A'd Phar!aceut'ca# D'g'ta# A%%'%tant
'ladosu and !dedeji stated on their paper that 8irst !id Pharmaceutical 9igital
!ssistant is a first aid drug prescription soft3are deployed for small mobile devices %he
mobile patient can consult 3ith the e0pert system any3here %he communication
bet3een the patient and the e0pert system is interactive %he e0pert system sends the
diagnosis decision to the electronic2Prescription 3arehouse at the end of the consultation
%he electronic2Prescription system then sends an electronic2 Prescription to the pharmacy
from 3here drug can be delivered to the patient or collected by the patient %he mobile
application resides on the mobile terminal using both its memory and processing po3er
:obile service infrastructure is responsible for providing the Beneral Pac6et .adio
Service *BP.S-, ?B or any related connectivity technology, 3hich the mobile terminal
uses in transferring data %he server is responsible for !uthentication and authoriAation,
$onte0t e0traction, :essage s3itching and transfer %he pharmacy database is used for
6eeping the names of prescribed drugs from the electronic2prescription system and
sending the prescription to the parcel delivery service for home delivery to the patient or
alternatively 6ept 3ith the pharmacy for patient to pic6 up %his pharmacy database
comprised the names of prescribed drugs from the virtual doctor for the treatment of four
common ailments namely& malaria, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis %he
service registry is responsible for 6eeping the database and monitoring it :oreover, it
provides a number of other services to the upper layers *!dedeji = 'ladosu, +,11-
8igure +1 on page 11 conceptualiAed 8!P9! as it 3as describe from the
preceding paragraph
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/'gure .,. The Scope 1ode# of /APDA
%he proposed system adapted the 3ay 8!P9! cater the system to the users and
that is through mobile phones that is 3idely available no3adays
. An E4pert Sy%te!
!n e0pert system is an interactive computer2based decision tool that uses both
facts and heuristics to solve difficult decision problems based on 6no3ledge ac7uired
from an e0pert #t may be vie3ed as a computer simulation of a human e0pert %he most
fundamental different bet3een e0pert system and conventional computer program is that
Ie0pert systems manipulate 6no3ledge 3hile conventional programs manipulate data
..1 Ad(antage% of an E4pert Sy%te!
"et3een the E0pert System and human e0pertise, there are some pro and cons
%here are several advantages in using E0pert System compare to the problem solving
using the human *!dedeji "odunde "adiru, +,1+-&
1?
1 /uman e0pertise is very scarce
+ /umans get tired from physical or mental 3or6load
? /umans forget crucial details of a problem
C /umans are inconsistent in their day2to2day decisions
1 /umans have limited 3or6ing memory
E /umans are unable to comprehend large amounts of data 7uic6ly
F /umans are unable to retain large amounts of data in memory
G /umans are slo3 in recalling information stored in memory
5 /umans are subject to deliberate or inadvertent bias in their actions
1, /umans can deliberately avoid decision responsibilities
11 /umans lie, hide, and die.
.. Re('e5 on E4pert Sy%te! She##%
"elo3 are different e0pert system shells revie3ed to determined the best shell for
the development of the system %hese include& ES%!, Jess, Esys $orvid and e+g9roid
E+g9roid is discussed in details in the theoritical frame3or6 of this boo6
...1 E4pert Sy%te! She## for Te4t An'!at'on 6ESTA7
!s stated from the journal entry submitted by Prasad, et al entitled 4sing
ES%! to develop E0pert System for the )atural .esource :anagement, ES%! is an
e0pert system shell developed by P9$ *Prolog 9evelopment $enter-, 9enmar6, 3hich is
3ritten in visual prolog #t is an e0ecutable, ready2to2run e0pert system shell application
that is easy and manageable, 3hich provides numerous features to the developers #t 3as
designed 3ith facilities for an easy editing of the 6no3ledge2base #t also has t3o
1C
6no3ledge representation, and these are Section and Parameter. Section contains the
representation of rules of the 6no3ledge base in #82%/E) format #t is 3here defined
parameters are used inside rules 'n the other hand, Parameter defines the variable that
holds specific values from either input form the user or from inferred by the system %his
parameter also includes the 7uestion of the sytem to the user, the e0planation 3hy such
7uestion is as6ed, and the picture that best described the 7uestion for better interpretation
of the 7uestion as6ed #t is capable of giving conclusion using either for3ard or bac63ard
chaining :oreover, it has additional built2in procedure li6e sound, 3hich generates an
audio through the computers loudspea6er lasting the given duration and 3ith the given
fre7uency !lso this shell is able to call other applications may it either be 9'S or
>indo3s application through its built2in procedure called system. %his shell also supports
the use of mathematical functions in cases calculation is necessary *Prasad, et al, +,,?-
... 8a(a E4pert Sy%te! She## 68e%%7
Jess is a rules2engine for java platform developed by Ernest 8riedman2/ill at
Sandia )ational (aboratories in (ivermore, $! #t 3as considered as the first rule engine
that supports JS.5C industry2standard rule engine !P# #t can either run as a standalone
program or usually embed the Jess library in Java code and manipulate it using its o3n
Java !P# %hus, ma6ing it popular in building java soft3are that has the capacity to
reason using 6no3ledge supplemented in the form of declarative rules >hat ma6es
this 6ind of e0pert system shell amaAing is that it is small, light and one of the fastest rule
engines developed #n addition to that, it uses declarative paradigm instead of procedural
paradigm 3hich means this continuously applies a collection of rules to a collection of
facts by the process of pattern matching supported by .ete algorithm 3hich is an efficient
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pattern matching algorithm for implementing production rule system :oreover, this
e0pert system shell supports either for3ard or bac63ard chaining in providing
conslusions #t has its o3n declarative J:( rule language called Jess:(, 3hich is
designed to be easy to transform into other J:( rule language as 3ell as into the Jess
rule language *333jessrulescom-
...$ E4%y% Cor('d
E0sys $orvid, developed by the E0sys #nc in 15G?, is a 6no3ledge automation
e0pert system soft3are capable of handling ac7uired 6no3ledge in order to build
po3erful interactive advisory applications to be delivered online, as stated from its
3edsite #t supports easy, cross2platform Java2"ased >eb 9eployment !side from
catering e0pert system online, it could also be used as stand2alone system 8or its
6no3ledge base, it uses and made enhanced traditional rule2based approach 3it an
object structure use of variables supporting methods and properties %hus, provides
many of the benefits of object2oriented programming %hus, this shell accordingly, is a
very fle0ible and po3erful development environment that can be 7uic6ly and easily
learned :oreover, rules are defined, organiAed and structured into logically related
bloc6s 3ith the use of (ogic "loc6s (ogic "loc6s are made up of one or more tree2
structured diagrams %hese are very versatile and can be run via for3ard or bac63ard
chaining *333 e0syscom-
...* Su!!ary of the Re('e5ed She##%
!ll mentioned shells has its o3n features li6e fle0ibility, ease of use, learnability,
some provide !P# to support improving the interface or the entire system through
imbedding it to other supported platforms, some also provides built2in procedures to
1E
improve results, and some support online delivery of the system #t could also be
observed that all of the shells represents 6no3ledge using rule2based system /o3ever,
these shells are developed for P$ applications only and are not intended to support
mobile phones /ence, the researchers of this study use e+g9roid (ite to deploy e0pert
system inside mobile phones %his shell also share some of the features 3ith the other
mentioned shells (i6e representing rules using rule2based system, the use of lin6s that
allo3s to attach pictures and delivering the 6no3ledge base either online or via micro S9
cards 8urther discussion about e+g9roid is found at chapter ? %heoritical 8rame3or6
under subsection entitled %he Shell
.$ Her"a# 1ed'cat'on
8or ho3 many years herbal plants became the ultimate partner of human in curing
diseases Every herb is uni7ue and each has its o3n 3ay in treating ailments Some are
used through detraction, some are ta6en as a tea, and some are used as lotion etc
!n herb is defined as food that contains medicinal 7ualities that is use to
normaliAe and ensure balance 3ithin the body system 4nli6e synthetic drugs, herbs
support the immune systemKs defense mechanism in treating diseases Synthetic drugs do
not provide mechanism in normaliAing the system because it is 3ea6ened by the added
chemicals *4sing /erbal :edicines Safely L ! Practical Buide, +,1,- :ore often these
chemicals if tolerated 3ithout the right prescription could 6ill )o3adays these synthetic
drugs are moderated and several drug companies are no3 shifting in the use of pure
herbs
#n contrast to the above statements researchers state that there are still dangers in
ta6ing herbs, ho3ever it has less side effects than commercialiAed drugs %here are also
1F
herbs that are bad for the lactating or<and pregnant mothers for they are strong enough for
the babies Some herbs may have acute side effects li6e rashes or may be asthma and
other allergy reaction %a6ing herbs and commercialiAed drugs at the same time has a
dangerous effect on a humanKs body %hese drugs alternate the pure substance 3ithin the
herb by the injected chemicals in it, converting the herb as a harmful element to the
system (i6e for instance the aspirin or 3arfarin 6no3n to prevent clotting of blood
inside the arteries reduce stro6e and heart disease, ho3ever if it is ta6en 3ith chamomile,
garlic, ginger, aloe vera, gin6o or ginseng the effect is reverse, it increases the bleeding
*>ong, +,,G-
%hus proper prescription should be follo3ed 3ith according to 3hat 8errell, et al
*+,,C- believed
Chapter $
THEORETICA+ /RA1E.OR9
%his chapter discusses !rtificial #ntelligence *!#- theories, !# formalisms and
related topics that 3ere engaged in the development of an e0pert system
$.1 A Ru#e:"a%ed E4pert Sy%te!
.ule2based system is simple, consisting of little more than a set of if2then
statements, but provide the basis for so2called Ie0pert systemsI 3hich are 3idely used in
1G
many fields %he concept of an e0pert system is this& the 6no3ledge of an e0pert is
encoded into the rule set >hen e0posed to the same data, the e0pert system !l 3ill
perform in a similar manner to the e0pert
%o create a rule2based system for a given problem, you must have *or create- the
follo3ing *James 8reeman2/argis, +,,1-&
1 ! set of facts to represent the initial 3or6ing memory %his should be anything
relevant to the beginning state of the system,
+ ! set of rules %his should encompass any and all actions that should be ta6en
3ithin the scope of a problem, but nothing irrelevant %he number of rules
in the system can affect its performance, so you donKt 3ant any that arenKt
needed
? ! condition that determines that a solution has been found or that none e0ists
%his is necessary to terminate some rule2based systems that find
themselves in infinite loops other3ise
8lo3 chart is created for visual representation of ho3 the system 3or6s 8igure
?1 illustrates the process flo3 of the e0pert system
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/'gure $.1 The Conceptua# 1ode# of an E4pert Sy%te!
$. 9no5#edge Eng'neer'ng
%he process 3hereby 6no3ledge from an e0pert or group of e0perts or other
sources such as boo6s, procedure manuals, training guides, etc are gathered, formatted,
verified and validated, and inputted into the 6no3ledge base of the e0pert system is
called Mno3ledge Engineering ! 6no3ledge engineer is someone involved in the 3hole
process of 6no3ledge engineering by investigating a particular domain, determining 3hat
concepts are important in that domain, and creating a formal representation of the objects
and relations in the domain *.ussell = )orvig, 1551- %he domain e0pert 3ill be the
6no3ledge engineer@s source 6no3ledge by 3hich the 6no3ledge engineer ma6es his set
of inference rules Mno3ledge engineering has t3o important sub2processes aside from
other processes, namely 6no3ledge ac7uisition and 6no3ledge base 9esign
$..1 9no5#edge Ac;u'%'t'on
%his is the process 3herein the 6no3ledge engineer e0tracts, structures and
+,
organiAes 6no3ledge from the domain %he 6no3ledge engineer being the one involved
in 6no3ledge ac7uisition must understand enough about the domain so that he can be
able to represent this 6no3ledge into important objects and relationships *.ussell =
)orvig, 1551-
$.. 9no5#edge Ba%e De%'gn
9esigning the 6no3ledge base of the e0pert system is the second stage of
6no3ledge ac7uisition %he design of the 6no3ledge base is the translation of the
domain2level concepts to logic2level names *.ussell = )orvig, 1551- %he 6no3ledge
base 3ill contain the specialiAed 6no3ledge in the form of rule based representation %he
6no3ledge base 3ill serve as the primary building bloc6 of the e0pert system *!livio, et
al- "eing the one involved in the design of the e0pert system@s 6no3ledge2base, the
6no3ledge engineer must understand enough about the representation language to
correctly encode the 6no3ledge
$.$ 9no5#edge Ba%e
%he 6no3ledge base 3ill contain the specialiAed 6no3ledge in the form of rule
based representation %he 6no3ledge base 3ill serve as the primary building bloc6 of the
e0pert system ! 6no3ledge base is created by 6no3ledge engineers, 3ho translate the
6no3ledge of the human e0perts into rules %he design of the 6no3ledge base is the
translation of the domain2level concepts to logic2level names *.ussell = )orvig, 1551-
#t is part of the shell 3here rules as the 6no3ledge is collected by inference
engine to satisfy facts and then to generate conclusions
+1
$.* The Inference Eng'ne
%he inference engine is the control mechanism that organiAes the problem data
and searches through the 6no3ledge base for applicable rules #t applies the a0iomatic
6no3ledge in the 6no3ledge base to the tas62specific data to arrive at some solution or
conclusion *.ussell = )orvig, 1551-
$.*.1 /or5ard Cha'n'ng
8or3ard chaining is one of the t3o main methods of reasoning 3hen using
inference rule #t can be describe through repeated application of :odus Ponens %his is
use by the rule base moving directions of the antecedents to the conse7uent of the rule
*Nermesan, 1555- #ts implementation begins 3ith initial information that goes on
generating more and more information until it achieves the final decision
$.*. Back5ard Cha'n'ng
"ac63ard chaining begins 3ith the original problem statement #t is used to
bac6trac6 from a goal to the paths that lead to the goal ! goal is specified and the e0pert
system tries to determine 3hat conditions are needed to arrive at the specified goal
*.ussell = )orvig, 1551-
$., Product'on Ru#e%
Production rule, 3hich ma6es up production system or production rule system,
3as defined as the intellectual precursor best describe the rule2based e0pert system
architecture *(uger and Stubblefield, 155G- #t is composed of t3o parts a sensory
precondition or #8 statement and an action or %/E)
++
$.,.1 Propo%'t'ona# +og'c
Propositional logic involves logical connectives such as IorI and IandI,
determining the truth2values of the propositions Propositional logic is concerned 3ith
propositions and their relationships
%here are t3o types of sentences in propositional logic, the simple sentences and
the compound sentences Simple sentences are atomic e0pressions $ompound sentences
e0press logical relationships bet3een simple sentences #t is composed of t3o or more
simple statements 6no3n as components !lso, components may be compound
statements $onnectives or also 6no3n as logical operators joins simple sentences into
compound sentences, and joins compounds into larger compounds
%able ?1 Propositional (ogic Symbols
Sy!"o# Def'n't'on
! !ssertion
O! )egation
! " $onjunction
! " 9isjunction
! " #mplication
! " .eduction
! " e7uivalence
$.< Re%o#ut'on Pr'nc'p#e
#n determining the truth of an assertion of logical systems, inference strategy is
used %he resolution principle is a theorem proving method by constructing refutation
proofs #n proof by resolution, unification is used %his method attempts to prove
negation of the goal =P cannot be %.4E )e3 resolvents are produced from the union of
e0isting a0ioms and the negated theorem
+?
E0ample&
M" P Q ! 2R ", !, S"T
M" P Q S! ", !, S"T
Premises& 1 ! 2R "
+ !
Boal& "
obtaining,
S!" !
" S"
$.> The She##
!n e0pert system shell is a tool used in developing e0pert systems #t is a tool that
provides rule2based programming suitable for automating an e0pert system %he use of it
aids developers in building the system because it is already defined as an e0pert system
3hose 6no3ledge base is left empty, ready to accept ne3 6no3ledge from the
developers %his also provides hustle2free implementation since the developers only
concentrate on entering 6no3ledge base 3ithout building anything *Eldrandaly, +,,F-
/'gure $. E4pert %y%te! %tructure
$.>.1 Egdro'd +'te
%he e+g9roid lite or e+g9roid for short is an e+g(ite version designed to deliver
+C
an e0pert system through !ndroid phones !s default to e0pert system shells, it has the
capability of reasoning through the supplemented 6no3ledge that could be loaded either
from online storage li6e servers, phone@s internal memory or from e0ternal memories li6e
micro S9s 8or its 6no3ledge base, it uses production rules that is in #f %hen format
that it reads rules se7uentially and generate conclusions using the bac63ard chaining
techni7ue
!nother feature of this shell is on the simplicity of its 6no3ledge base %he synta0
is so simple that it is similar on 3riting rules in English version, no complicated synta0 to
be familiar 3ith %his 6no3ledge base is then saved in an e0ternal 6b file located on a
folder named e+6b 3hich is created by the shell during its installation #n addition to that,
the file is constant that the same file is loaded both in e+g(ite for 3eb applications and
for phone using e+g9roid
Chapter *
1ethodo#ogy
%his chapter discusses the essential steps needed in developing an e0pert system
*.1 9no5#edge Eng'neer'ng
Mno3ledge Engineering is the process of developing 6no3ledge based systems
in any field, 3hether it be in the public or private sector, in commerce or in industry
*9ebenham, 15G5- #t refers to any activities that demand ac7uisition and representation
of 6no3ledge *'0ford, 15G52155,- #n this phase, the 6no3ledge engineers are the
proponents of the system
%he follo3ing are the 6no3ledge engineering activities that the developers
+1
conducted&
Phase 1& Problem !ssessment
Phase +& Mno3ledge !c7uisition
Phase ?& System 9esign
Phase C& %esting and Evaluation
Phase 1& 9ocumentation
Phase E& :aintenance
%hough the activities are sho3n in se7uence, the process is highly iterative %here
is also overlapping in the e0ecution of each activities
+E
/'gure *.1 9no5#edge eng'neer'ng
*.1.1 Pro"#e! A%%e%%!ent Pha%e
%his is the phase of the research 3here the researchers should identify and justify
+F
the problem %his is the phase 3here the assessment of the feasibility and applicability of
an e0pert system solution to a problem should be done %he scope and limitations of the
research is also identified during this phase
*.1. 9no5#edge Ac;u'%'t'on Pha%e
#n this phase 6no3ledge ac7uisition from the domain e0pert and<or other
resources such as boo6s and other reading materials are involved #t also involves the
documentation, interpretation and analysis of the ac7uired 6no3ledge Mno3ledge
ac7uisition itself is a cycle #t begins 3ith collection of 6no3ledge, then interpretation
and analysis %hen, a method is designed to clarify the collected 6no3ledge and
collection of 6no3ledge is done again for additional 6no3ledge for the 6no3ledge base
%he collection of 6no3ledge 3ill be done through intervie3s; structured and non2
structured, 7uestionnaires, observations and self2elicitation
*.1.$ De%'gn Pha%e
%his phase is 3here the ac7uired 6no3ledge is represented in selected
representation such as first order predicate 6no3ledge, and frames and slots %he elicited
rules represented in specific 6no3ledge representation scheme is also encoded into
computer readable format .ules 3ill be test for its correctness 3hich is done through
resolution method; 3herein at the end a contradiction must be presented %he researchers
may use the aid of decision graphs and trees in coding the rules in the system Subse7uent
to this is the interface design of the system
*.1.* Te%t'ng Pha%e
%his is the phase 3herein a demonstration of the system prototype to the users and
+G
the e0pert is done 'nce the e0pert system prototype has been approved by the e0pert, the
proponents continued the development effort by fine2tuning the 6no3ledge
representation #n case there are errors, necessary changes shall be made
*.1., Docu!entat'on Pha%e
!fter the development of the e0pert system, a documented report is to be
produced ! documentation is needed to ensure that the system is 3or6ing as it is
supposed to be, and for 7uic6 debugging, recovery from errors %herefore, it is better to
have a documentation %he documented report should contain the system development
and the other aspects involved #t should contain all the necessary information about the
project %he document must also contain e0planations on ho3 to operate the system and
source codes to serve as a reference for future researchers
*.1.< 1a'ntenance Pha%e
!fter testing the system, maintenance is needed 9epending on the user@ needs,
the 6no3ledge base 3ill be updated form time to time
Chapter ,
Re%u#t% and D'%cu%%'on%
%his chapter discusses the steps done in the developing the e0pert system
application and the results in each phases,
+5
,.1 A%%e%%!ent Pha%e
#n this phase the problem 3as identified 8urthermore, scope and limitations of
the study 3ere also clearly defined .esources such as boo6s, electronic materials,
internet articles and other sources 3hich the researchers considered in the fulfillment of
this research 3ere all 6no3n #n addition, human e0perts, an herbalist and a medical
doctor, 3ere also identified ! rule engine 3as considered and studied for the
e0perimentation in the implementation of the prescription process
%his e0pert system addressed a 3ell2defined problem #n this phase the
researchers needed considered candidate problems that have chances for success >hile
health care is primarily inaccessible to majority of the population in the Philippines, it has
been decided the study 3ill be focused on health care problems 9ue to inaccessible
health care, and financial aspect issues, most of the people from rural areas are shifting
into traditional medication and self2medication using herbs E0pert on this field are small
in number #n the current situation, consulting a medical doctor or even an herbalist
re7uires time and effort and also money on the patientKs side %o sum up all, these are the
tas6s done by the researchers in this phase&
1 9etermined the motivation of the project
+ #dentified and justified the project description
? 9etermined the resources for e0traction of 6no3ledge
C >rite the proposal
,. 9no5#edge Ac;u'%'t'on Pha%e
E0pert system is a soft3are that simulates the 6no3ledge of an e0pert in
specific subject and its e0pertise thus the 6no3ledge in the 6no3ledge base relies directly
?,
from the 6no3ledge given by the e0perts #n this phase, series of intervie3 3ere
conducted to capture the 6no3ledge of the e0perts regarding on herbal prescription and
disease diagnosis 9omain e0perts include an herbalist in the person of 9oc Policarpio
$ainoy 9:)/ and a medical doctor, 9r :uhammad : Putting, :9 of :S42##%
clinic department %hey are the source of 6no3ledge that 3ere ac7uired and 3ere
encoded into rules in the 6no3ledge base 9r $ainoy@s e0pertise in prescribing herbal
medication 3as accumulated to form the prescription phase of the system 3hile 9r
Putting@s e0pertise in diagnosing diseases 3as used to construct the diagnosing phase
%he researchers made appointments 3ith the domain e0perts, based on agreed schedules
%he sessions 3ith the domain e0perts 3ere interactive %he researchers also used other
methods in obtaining the re7uired 6no3ledge such as researching and referring from
boo6s and verified it 3ith the domain e0perts
%he overall system@s 6no3ledge is composed of t3o phases; the diagnosis and the
prescription phase, 3hich re7uires t3o different e0perts from t3o different fields of
e0pertise %he medical doctor from :S42##% clinic in person of 9r :uhammad :
Puting assessed in molding the 6no3ledge by confirming the information that the
6no3ledge engineers had gathered about the covered diseases /e also shared his
e0periences on diagnosing different cases of diseases and the techni7ues on ho3 to do it
%he basic and 3idely used on identifying different diseases is through the presented signs
and symptoms %he researchers also observed the normal procedure during consultation
sessions that happened inside the clinic 8irst, the nurse chec6s the patient@s body
temperature if there is an inflammation happened %hen, further signs and symptoms are
listed do3n %his information is pass to 9r Puting for final analysis and medical
?1
prescription
%he system@s final phase is prescription using herbal medication or natural
healing %he same techni7ues of ac7uiring 6no3ledge 3ere applied #n this phase, 9oc
Policarpio Pol $ainoy 3ho is one of the t3enty2five *+1- herbalists all over the
Philippines maintaining the only /erbal $enter in #ligan $ity located at +nd 8loor,Nalera
"ldg, .o0as !venue,:ahayahay, #ligan $ity is the domain e0pert %he 6no3ledge
engineers presented the selected diseases to 9oc Pol and as6ed for possible medications
for each, the procedure that must be done most specifically on ho3 to prescribe such
medication considering additional necessary information li6e age, gender and cases li6e
pregnancy and the things to avoid
!ll necessary data 3ere gathered and 3ere carefully organiAe to ensure validity
and safety of the result 'ther supporting articles li6e e0perts@ 3ritten 6no3ledge 3ere
also revie3ed since every e0pert has its o3n interpretations to3ards the problem
)ecessary factors and patterns 3ere also verified in support to the validity of the system
#n one of the intervie3s conducted 3ith 9r Putting, he mentioned that the
temperature is chec6ed first in diagnosing the patient@s disease )e0t to that is to chec6
the physical manifestations or symptoms that is present to the patient So, in this system,
the developers follo3ed this order
%he second phase of the system is the prescription phase #n this phase, 9r
Policarpio $ainoy, a 9octor of :inistry in )atural /ealing and an e0pert in alternative
healing is the domain e0pert Series of intervie3s 3ere conducted 3ith the domain
e0pert "oo6s 3ere also used for further readings and verifications 9r $ainoy e0plained
thoroughly the healing abilities of herbs /e provided the necessary data needed in
?+
developing the prescribing phase #n prescribing herbal medications, several things
should also be considered %he age of the patient is very important in prescribing since
the dosage of the medication is based on the patient@s age $ases of pregnancy also needs
to be considered
,..1 Ac;u'red 9no5#edge
!fter ac7uiring 6no3ledge from domain e0perts, 6no3ledge engineers came up
3ith a grouping of facts necessary to generate conclusions "elo3 is the grouping of
facts, used in constructing rules for the 6no3ledge base
B!S%.'E)%E.#%#S
8ever& fre7uent, loose, 3atery stools& body malaise& sun6en eyeball&
abdominal pain& obstruction& bloated, full and tight feeling of the abdomen&
fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas or fart
OR
8ever& infre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movement& abdominal pain&
sensation of incomplete& bo3el evacuation& obstruction& bloated, full and tight
feeling of the abdomen& fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas or fart
9DSE)%E.D
abdominal pain& obstruction& tenesmus& blood on the stool
OR
sensation of incomplete& bo3el evacuation& obstruction& tenesmus& blood on the
??
stool
$/#$ME) P'J
8ever& itchy s6in rashes& developed pruritic papules& headache& developed
round pimples filled 3ith fluid and appear li6e 3ater blisters
:E!S(ES
8ever& itchy s6in rashes& eyes turn into red and become sensitive to light& have
nasal discharges accompanied by often sneeAing and 3atery eyes& cough
S#)4S#%#S
8ever& cough& headache& have nasal discharges accompanied by often sneeAing
and 3atery eyes& feel pain on the face& diAAiness
$'(9
8ever& cough& headache&have nasal discharges accompanied by often sneeAing
and 3atery eyes& sore throat
%4"E.$4('S#S
8ever& cough& sputum has blood& shortness of breath& chest pain
P/!.D)B#%#S
8ever& headache& sore throat& s3allo3ing difficulty or che3ing& s3ollen lymph
nodes
%')S#((#%#S
?C
nodes& s3elling tonsils
OR
nodes& s3elling tonsils& tonsils& secrets coronet
OR
nodes& s3elling tonsils& tonsils 3ere surrounded by 3hite patches or pus
QsuppurativeT
OR
nodes& s3elling tonsils& tonsils secrets coronet& tonsils 3ere surrounded by
3hite patches or pus QsuppurativeT
:4:PS
nodes& s3elling of one or both salivary glands& feel pain around the affected
area
%DP/'#9 8ENE.
abdominal pain& obstruction& itchy s6in rashes& headache& sore throat
OR
?1
sensation of incomplete& bo3el evacuation& obstruction& itchy s6in rashes&
headache& sore throat
8(4
abdominal pain& obstruction& cough& headache& nasal discharges accompanied
by often sneeAing and 3atery eyes& sore throat& difficulty in s3allo3ing or
che3ing& s3ollen lymph nodes
OR
sensation of incomplete& bo3el evacuation& obstruction& cough& headache&
nasal discharges accompanied by often sneeAing and 3atery eyes& sore throat&
difficulty in s3allo3ing or che3ing& s3ollen lymph nodes
./E4:!%#S:
Joint pain& affected joints have crepitus sound& muscle stiffness
S'.E %/.'!%
Sore throat
9#!../E!
!bdominal pain& fre7uent, loose, 3atery stools& body malaise& sun6en eyeballs
!"9':#)!( P!#)
!bdominal pain
?E
$')S%#P!%#')
!bdominal pain& infre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movement& sensation of
incomplete bo3el evacuation
9DSPEPS#!
!bdominal pain& bloated, full and tight feeling of the abdomen&
Bastroesophageal .eflu0 9isease& burning sensation of the stomach&
grumbling and gro3ling of the stomach& often belching
/E!9!$/E
/eadache
!)E:#!
Pale s6in, nails, lips and eyes& gums often bleeds& have long duration of
bleeding and it ta6es long time for clothing& alopecia& sensitiveness to cold
/DPE.%E)S#')
/eadache& body malaise& shortness of breath& diAAiness& heart palpitation& pain
in the nape& s3eating& an0iety& unconsciousness
B!S%.#$ 4($E.
!bdominal pain& bloated, full and tight feeling of the stomach& headache&
Bastroesophageal .eflu0 9isease& burning sensation in your stomach&
grumbling and gro3ling of the stomach& often belching& abdominal pain
!8%E. ta6ing the meal and ta6ing meal increases the pain
?F
94'9E)!( 4($E.
!bdominal pain& bloated, full and tight feeling of the stomach& headache&
Bastroesophageal .eflu0 9isease& burning sensation in your stomach&
grumbling and gro3ling of the stomach& often belching& abdominal pain
"E8'.E ta6ing the meal and ta6ing aspirin or drin6ing orange or coffee
increases the pain
P!.!S#%#$ >'.:S
!bdominal pain& fre7uent, loose, 3atery stools& bloated, full and tight feeling
of your abdomen& pale s6in, nails, lips and eyes& often bleeding of the gums&
long duration of bleeding and it ta6es long time for clotting& alopecia&
sensitiveness to cold& body malaise& sun6en eyeballs& gluttony& appearance of
3orms in the stools
OR
!bdominal pain& infre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movement& bloated, full
and tight feeling of your abdomen& pale s6in, nails, lips and eyes& often bleeding
of the gums& long duration of bleeding and it ta6es long time for clotting&
alopecia& sensitiveness to cold& sensation of incomplete bo3el evacuation&
gluttony& appearance of 3orms in the stools
,.$ De%'gn Pha%e
%he construction of the 6no3ledge base happened in this phase %he 6no3ledge
ac7uired 3ere transformed into rules 3hich can be encoded and stored in the 6no3ledge
base that can be access using !ndroid phones %o store the rules, an e0pert system shell
?G
is necessary ! good e0pert system shell has the fundamental feature of an e0pert system
that has a 6no3ledge base separated from its control and inference engine 8or this
project, an e0pert system shell called as e+g9roid (ite 3as used %he 6no3ledge base of
this shell is located inside a folder created during the installation of this shell %he
6no3ledge base is a 6b file 8urthermore, the overall structure of the system 3ould be
E0pert System P e+g9roid (ite U Mno3ledge base *6b file-
8igure 11 presents the overall design of the system 3hich include designing the
rules to be supplemented into the shell and the e+g9roid (ite Lthe shell itself
/'gure ,.1 the o(era## De%'gn of the %y%te!.
%here are t3o phases in this e0pert system 8irst is the diagnosing phase and
second is the prescription phase %he 6no3ledge in the diagnosing phase 3as primarily
provided by the domain e0pert 3hich is the medical doctor !s to this study, the domain
e0pert is 9r :uhammad Putting
?5
#n this study, the system is a rule2based e0pert system %hus, the 6no3ledge base
contains the rules 3hich are the elicited 6no3ledge
#n designing the 6no3ledge for the 6no3ledge base, the ac7uired 6no3ledge from
domain e0perts 3as transformed into set of rules .ules that follo3s the format of a
production rule system that is in an #f%hen format %he #f part or the premise
should logically relate to the information in the %hen part or the conclusion %hese
designed rules 3ere encoded in the 6b file, 3hich is then stored in a folder named e+g6b
created by the shell, 3here the shell locates its 6no3ledge base %he control or 3or6ing
memory holds the facts inferred by the system provided by the user or during the session
%his facts or information supports the overall operation of the system %hese are also used
in firing appropriate rules to generate reliable conclusions or recommendations #n
e+g9roid the facts that are being supplemented or inferred are assigned to different
variables, 3hich acts as an inde0 that points to the corresponding facts ma6ing the
matching for rules much faster #n addition, e+g9roid also used bac63ard chaining as its
inference method for reasoning that starts 3ith goals to dra3 conclusions
,.$.1. Ru#e De%'gn
!fter analyAing the ac7uired 6no3ledge, rules 3ere then constructed %he
constructed rules are sho3n belo3
.4(E QV1T
#8 patient@s temperature is R C,
%/E) IPatient is prone to convulsion PatientKs possible disease is not part of the
domainI
.4(E QV+T
#8 patient@s temperature is R ?F1 and WP C,
%/E) patient has fever
C,
.4(E QV?T
#8 patient has temperature WP ?F1 and RP ?C
%/E) patient don@t have fever
.4(E QVCT
#8 patient has temperature W C, and RP?C
!)9 patient has fre7uent, loose, 3atery stools
!)9 patient has body 3ea6ness
!)9 patient has sun6en eyeball
!)9 patient has abdominal pain
%/E) patient has diarrhea symptoms
.4(E QV1T
!)9 patient has infre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movement
!)9 patient has incomplete bo3el evacuation
%/E) patient has constipation symptoms
.4(E QVE1T
#8 patient has diarrhea symptoms
%/E) patient has bo3el movement problem
.4(E QVE+T
#8 patient has constipation symptoms
.4(E QVFT
#8 patient has fever
!)9 patient has bo3el movement problem
%/E) patient has abdominal infection
.4(E QVGT
!)9 patient has itchy s6in rashes
%/E) patient has s6in infection
.4(E QV5T
!)9 patient has headache
%/E) patient has head infection
.4(E QV1,T
#8 patient has nasal discharges accompanied by often sneeAing and 3atery eyes
%/E) patient has runny nose
C1
.4(E QV11T
!)9 patient has runny nose
!)9 patient has cough
%/E) patient has bloc6ed air3ay
.4(E QV1+T
!)9 patient has strep throat
!)9 patient has s3allo3ing difficulty or che3ing
%/E) patient has throat infection
.4(E QV1?T
#8 patient has head infection
%/E) patient has mouth problem
.4(E QV1CT
#8 patient has abdominal infection
!)9 patient has obstruction
%/E) patient has serious abdominal infection
.4(E QV11T
#8 patient has bloc6ed air3ay
!)9 patient has mouth problem
%/E) patient has cold symptoms
.4(E QV1ET
#8 patient has mouth problem
!)9 patient has throat infection
!)9 patient has s3ollen lymph nodes
%/E) patient has pharyngitis symptoms
.4(E QV1FT
#8 patient has serious abdominal infection
!)9 patient has patient has bloated, full and tight feeling of his abdomen
!)9 patient has fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas or fart
%/E) patient has B!S%.'E)%E.#%#S
.4(E QV1GT
!)9 patient has tenesmus
%/E) patient has 9DSE)%E.D
.4(E QV15T
#8 patient has s6in infection
C+
!)9 patient has developed pruritic papules on my s6in
!)9 patient has head infection
!)9 patient has developed has round pimples filled 3ith fluid and appear li6e 3ater
blisters
%/E) patient has $/#$ME) P'J
.4(E QV+,T
#8 patient has s6in infection
!)9 patient@s eyes turn into red and become sensitive to light
!)9 patient has bloc6ed air3ay
%/E) patient has :E!S(ES
.4(E QV+1T
!)9 patient has cough
!)9 patient has blood in sputum
!)9 patient has shortness of breathing
!)9 patient has chest pain
%/E) patient has %4"E.$4('S#S
.4(E QV++T
#8 patient has head infection
!)9 patient has bloc6ed air3ay
!)9 patient has facial pain
!)9 patient e0perience diAAiness
%/E) patient has S#)4S#%#S
.4(E QV+?T
#8 patient has cold symptoms
%/E) patient has $'(9
.4(E QV+CT
#8 patient has pharyngitis symptoms
%/E) patient has P/!.D)B#%#S
.4(E QV+11T
!)9 patient has s3elling tonsils
%/E) patient has %')S#((#%#S
.4(E QV+1+T
!)9 patient@s tonsil<s secret<s coronet
C?
.4(E QV+1?T
!)9 patient@s tonsil<s 3as surrounded by 3hite patches or pus QsuppurativeT
.4(E QV+ET
!)9 patient has s3elling of one or both salivary glands
!)9 patient has pain on affected area
%/E) patient has :4:PS
.4(E QV+FT
!)9 patient has s6in infection
!)9 patient has mouth problem
%/E) patient has %DP/'#9 8ENE.
.4(E QV+GT
!)9 patient has pharyngitis symptoms
!)9 patient has cold symptoms
%/E) patient has 8(4
.4(E QV+5T
#8 patient don@t have fever
%/E) patient has S'.E %/.'!%
.4(E QV?,T
!)9 patient has Bastroesophageal .eflu0 9isease
%/E) patient has heartburn
.4(E QV?1T
%/E) patient has internal gas problem
.4(E QV?+T
!)9 patient has headache
%/E) patient has head problem
.4(E QV??T
CC
!)9 patient@s stool type is normal
%/E) patient has !"9':#)!( P!#)
.4(E QV?CT
#8 patient has head problem
%/E) patient has /E!9!$/E
.4(E QV?1T
#8 patient has head problem
!)9 patient has shortness of breathing
!)9 patient e0perience diAAiness
!)9 patient e0perience heart palpitation
%/E) patient has heart problem
.4(E QV?ET
!)9 patient has pale s6in, nails, lips and eyes
!)9 patient has often gum bleeding
!)9 patient have long duration of bleeding and it ta6es long time for clotting
!)9 patient alopecia *hair loss-
!)9 patient becomes sensitiveness to cold
%/E) patient has anemia symptoms
.4(E QV?FT
#8 patient has internal gas problem
!)9 patient has heartburn
!)9 patient has burning sensation in your stomach
!)9 patient has stomach grumbling and gro3ling
!)9 patient often e0perience belching
%/E) patient has dyspepsia symptoms
.4(E QV?GT
#8 patient has dyspepsia symptoms
!)9 patient has head problem
%/E) patient has peptic ulcer symptoms
.4(E QV?5T
!)9 patient has joint pain
!)9 patient has crepitus sound on his joints
!)9 patient has muscle stiffness
%/E) patient has ./E4:!%#S:
C1
.4(E QVC,T
!)9 patient has constipation symptoms
%/E) patient has $')S%#P!%#')
.4(E QVC1T
!)9 patient has diarrhea symptoms
%/E) patient has 9#!../E!
.4(E QVC+T
#8 patient has heart problem
!)9 patient has pain in the nape
!)9 patient is often s3eating
!)9 patient is an0iety
!)9 patient is unconscious
%/E) patient has /DPE.%E)S#')
.4(E QVC?T
#8 patient has anemia symptoms
%/E) patient has !)E:#!
.4(E QVCCT
#8 patient has bo3el movement problem
!)9 patient has internal gas problem
!)9 patient has anemia symptoms
!)9 patient is al3ays hungry although he has eaten lots of food
!)9 patient notice some appearance of 3orms in your stools
%/E) patient has P!.!S#%#$ >'.:S
.4(E QVC1T
#8 patient has dyspepsia symptoms
%/E) patient has 9DSPEPS#!
.4(E QVCET
#8 patient has peptic ulcer symptoms
!)9 patient has abdominal pain "E8'.E ta6ing my meal and ta6ing aspirin or
drin6ing orange or coffee increases the pain
%/E) patient has 94'9E)!( 4($E.
.4(E QVCFT
#8 patient has peptic ulcer symptoms
!)9 patient has abdominal pain !8%E. ta6ing my meal and ta6ing meal increases the
pain
%/E) patient has B!S%.#$ 4($E.
CE
.ules for prescribing herbal remedies&
.4(E QVC5 B!S%.'E)%E.#%#ST
#8 patient has B!S%.'E)%E.#%#S
%/E) suggested treatment is (emon Brass 9ecoction
.4(E QV1, P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
#8 patient has P!.!S#%#$ >'.:S
!)9 patient is not pregnant
%/E) suggested treatment is .ing3orm "ush 9ecoction
.4(E QV11 9DSE)%E.DT
#8 patient has 9DSE)%E.D
%/E) suggested treatment is !vocado 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is $oconut 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is Star !pple 9ecoction
.4(E QV1+ 9DSE)%E.DT
#8 patient has 9DSE)%E.D
%/E) suggested treatment is Pineapple 8ruit
.4(E QV1? %4"E.$4('S#ST
#8 patient has %4"E.$4('S#S
%/E) suggested treatment is 'nion Eaten .a3
CF
.4(E QV1C %4"E.$4('S#ST
#8 patient has %4"E.$4('S#S
!)9 patient don@t have hypotension
%/E) suggested treatment is Barlic Juice
.4(E QV11 $'(9T
#8 patient has $'(9
%/E) suggested treatment is Sna6e >eed 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is (emon Brass 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is (emon Brass Steam "ath
!)9 suggested treatment is Binger Steam #nhalation
!)9 suggested treatment is 8ive2leaf $haste %ree 9ecoction
.4(E QV1E P/!.D)B#%#ST
#8 patient has P/!.D)B#%#S
%/E) suggested treatment is Sna6e >eed Bargle
.4(E QV1F %')S#((#%#ST
#8 patient has %')S#((#%#S
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya 8ruit Poultice
!)9 suggested treatment is $hilli 8ruit infusion
.4(E QV1G %')S#((#%#ST
#8 patient has %')S#((#%#S
%/E) suggested treatment is Barlic .a3 $andy
.4(E QV15 :4:PST
#8 patient has :4:PS
CG
!)9 suggested treatment is Sensitive Plant Paste
!)9 suggested treatment is "ilimbi %ree PoulticeI
.4(E QVE, %DP/'#9 8ENE.T
#8 patient has %DP/'#9 8ENE.
!)9 suggested treatment is 'nion Eaten .a3I
.4(E QVE1 8(4T
#8 patient has 8(4
.4(E QVE+ S'.E %/.'!%T
#8 patient has S'.E %/.'!%
%/E) suggested treatment is Barlic .a3 $andy
!)9 suggested treatment is Barlic Juice
.4(E QVE? S'.E %/.'!%T
#8 patient has S'.E %/.'!%
%/E) suggested treatment is $hilli (eaves Bargle
!)9 suggested treatment is $hilli Plaster
!)9 suggested treatment is $oconut #nfusion
!)9 suggested treatment is $ountry "orage /eated
!)9 suggested treatment is Sna6e >eed Bargle
!)9 suggested treatment is Binger 9ecoction
C5
.4(E QVEC !"9':#)!( P!#)T
#8 patient has !"9':#)!( P!#)
%/E) suggested treatment is $hilli 8ruit #nfusion
!)9 suggested treatment is $hilli 8ruit %ea
!)9 suggested treatment is $ountry "orage Juice
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya 8ruit 3ith Seeds
.4(E QVE1 /E!9!$/ET
#8 patient has /E!9!$/E
%/E) suggested treatment is $ountry "orage Pounded 8resh (eaves
!)9 suggested treatment is !vocado 9ecoction /ot $ompress
!)9 suggested treatment is (emon Brass (iniment
!)9 suggested treatment is Star 8ruit Poultice
!)9 suggested treatment is Sambong Poultice
!)9 suggested treatment is 8ive2leaf $haste %ree Pounded
.4(E QVEE ./E4:!%#S:T
#8 patient has ./E4:!%#S:
%/E) suggested treatment is 'nion Eaten .a3
!)9 suggested treatment is $hilli Plaster
!)9 suggested treatment is (emon Brass (iniment
!)9 suggested treatment is Buava Pounded
!)9 suggested treatment is Binger Pounded
.4(E QVEF $')S%#P!%#')T
#8 patient has $')S%#P!%#')
1,
!)9 suggested treatment is Jac6 8ruit
!)9 suggested treatment is 'nion Eaten .a3
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya 8ruit
!)9 suggested treatment is Sensitive Plant (eaves #nfusion
!)9 suggested treatment is S3eet "asil (eaves or .oots 9ecoction
.4(E QVEG $')S%#P!%#')T
#8 patient has $')S%#P!%#')
%/E) suggested treatment is Papaya .a3 8ruit
.4(E QVE5 9#!../E!T
#8 patient has 9#!../E!
!)9 suggested treatment is Jac6 8ruit %ea
!)9 suggested treatment is S3eet "asil (eaves or .oots 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is Buava "ar6 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is Buava (eaves 9ecoction
!)9 suggested treatment is Binger Juice
!)9 suggested treatment is Star !pple 9ecoction
.4(E QVF, /DPE.%E)S#')T
#8 patient has /DPE.%E)S#')
%/E) suggested treatment is (emon Brass 9ecoction
.4(E QVF1 /DPE.%E)S#')T
#8 patient has /DPE.%E)S#')
%/E) suggested treatment is Barlic Eaten .a3
11
.4(E QVF+ !)E:#!T
#8 patient has !)E:#!
%/E) suggested treatment is Sponge Bourd
.4(E QVF? P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
%/E) suggested treatment is Papaya Seeds
!)9 suggested treatment is Sponge Bourd Seed #nfusion
.4(E QVFC P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
%/E) suggested treatment is .ing3orm "ush Seeds
.4(E QVF1 P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
%/E) suggested treatment is Barlic 9ecoction
.4(E QVFE 9DSPEPS#!T
#8 patient has 9DSPEPS#!
%/E) suggested treatment is Papaya 8ruit 3ith Seeds
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya 8ruit
.4(E QVFF 9DSPEPS#!T
#8 patient has 9DSPEPS#!
%/E) suggested treatment is Papaya .a3 8ruit
!)9 suggested treatment is Pineapple 8ruit
1+
.4(E QVFG 94'9E)!( 4($E.T
#8 patient has 94'9E)!( 4($E.
%/E) suggested treatment is 'nion 3ith /oney
!)9 suggested treatment is Jac6 8ruit (ate0
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya (eaves Juice
!)9 suggested treatment is $ountry "orage Juice for E0ternal
.4(E QVF5 94'9E)!( 4($E.T
#8 patient has 94'9E)!( 4($E.
%/E) suggested treatment is Papaya (ate0
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya .a3 8ruit
.4(E QVG, B!S%.#$ 4($E.T
#8 patient has B!S%.#$ 4($E.
%/E) suggested treatment is Papaya (ate0
!)9 suggested treatment is Papaya .a3 8ruit
.4(E QVG1 $/#$ME) P'JT
#8 patient has $/#$ME) P'J
%/E) suggested treatment is Star 8ruit Poultice
!)9 suggested treatment is $assava Starch "ath
.4(E QVG+ :E!S(EST
#8 patient has :E!S(ES
1?
%/E) suggested treatment is Star 8ruit Poultice
!)9 suggested treatment is $assava Starch "ath
!)9 suggested treatment is :angosteen .ind 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVG? S#)4S#%#ST
#8 patient has S#)4S#%#S
%/E) suggested treatment is :ayana /eated
!)9 suggested treatment is Sambong /eated
Dec'%'on )raph%
/'gure ,.. Dec'%'on )raph for d'%ea%e% 5'th fe(er a% do!'nated %y!pto!.
S21BO+S
! patient@s temperature is R C,
" IPatient is prone to convulsion
PatientKs possible disease is not part of
the domainI
$ patient notice some appearance
of 3orms in your stools
9 patient has temperature W C,
and R ?C1
E patient has abdominal pain
"E8'.E ta6ing my meal and ta6ing
1C
aspirin or drin6ing orange or coffee
increases the pain
8 patient@s temperature is R ?F1
and W C,
B patient has fever
/ patient@s temperature W ?FE
and R ?C1
# patient don@t have fever
J patient has 8re7uent, loose,
3atery stools
M patient has body 3ea6ness
( patient has sun6en eyeball
: patient has abdominal pain
) patient has diarrhea symptoms
' patient has #nfre7uent,
difficulty in having bo3el movement
P patient has incomplete bo3el
evacuation
X patient has obstruction
. patient has constipation
symptoms
S patient has bo3el movement
problem
% patient has abdominal infection
4 patient has itchy s6in rashes
N patient has s6in infection
> patient has headache
J patient has head infection
D patient has nasal discharges
accompanied by often sneeAing and
3atery eyes
H patient has runny nose
!! patient has cough
!" patient has bloc6ed air3ay
!$ patient has strep throat
!9 patient has s3allo3ing
difficulty or che3ing
!E patient has throat infection
!8 patient has mouth problem
!B patient has serious abdominal
infection
!/ patient has s3ollen lymph
nodes
!# patient has patient has bloated,
full and tight feeling of his abdomen
!J patient has fre7uent discharge
of intestinal gas or fart
!M patient has abdominal pain
!8%E. ta6ing my meal and ta6ing
meal increases the pain
!( patient has tenesmus
!: patient is al3ays hungry
although he has eaten lots of food
!) patient has developed pruritic
papules on my s6in
!' patient has developed has
round pimples filled 3ith fluid and
appear li6e 3ater blisters
!P patient@s eyes turn into red and
become sensitive to light
!X patient has blood in sputum
!. patient has shortness of
breathing
!S patient has chest pain
!% patient has facial pain
!4 patient e0perience diAAiness
!N patient has cold symptoms
!> patient has s3elling tonsils
!J patient@s tonsil<s secret<s
!D patient has pharyngitis
symptoms
!H patient has s3elling of one or
both salivary glands
"! patient has pain on affected
area
"" patient has Bastroesophageal
.eflu0 9isease
"$ patient has heartburn
"9 patient has internal gas
problem
"E patient has head problem
"8 patient e0perience heart
palpitation
"B patient has heart problem
"/ patient has pale s6in, nails, lips
and eyes
"# patient has often gum bleeding
"J patient have long duration of
bleeding and it ta6es long time for
clotting
"M patient alopecia *hair loss-
"( patient becomes sensitiveness
to cold
": patient has anemia symptoms
") patient has burning sensation
in your stomach
"' patient has stomach grumbling
and gro3ling
"P patient often e0perience
11
belching
"X patient has dyspepsia
symptoms
". patient is unconscious
"S patient has peptic ulcer
symptoms
"% patient has joint pain
"4 patient has crepitus sound on
his joints
"N patient has muscle stiffness
"> patient has pain in the nape
"J patient is often s3eating
"D patient is an0iety
"H patient@s tonsil<s 3as
surrounded by 3hite patches or pus
QsuppurativeT
8igure 1? 9ecision Braph for other diseases 3hich symptoms does not include fever
S21BO+S
!
" patient@s temperature is R C,
$ IPatient is prone to convulsion
PatientKs possible disease is not part of
the domainI
9 patient notice some appearance
of 3orms in your stools
E patient has temperature W C,
and R ?C1
8 patient has abdominal pain
"E8'.E ta6ing my meal and ta6ing
aspirin or drin6ing orange or coffee
increases the pain
1E
B patient@s temperature is R ?F1
and W C,
/ patient has fever
# patient@s temperature W ?FE
and R ?C1
J patient don@t have fever
M patient has 8re7uent, loose,
3atery stools
( patient has body 3ea6ness
: patient has sun6en eyeball
) patient has abdominal pain
' patient has diarrhea symptoms
P patient has #nfre7uent,
difficulty in having bo3el movement
X patient has incomplete bo3el
evacuation
. patient has obstruction
S patient has constipation
symptoms
% patient has bo3el movement
problem
4 patient has abdominal infection
N patient has itchy s6in rashes
> patient has s6in infection
J patient has headache
D patient has head infection
H patient has nasal discharges
accompanied by often sneeAing and
3atery eyes
!! patient has runny nose
!" patient has cough
!$ patient has bloc6ed air3ay
!9 patient has strep throat
!E patient has s3allo3ing
difficulty or che3ing
!8 patient has throat infection
!B patient has mouth problem
!/ patient has serious abdominal
infection
!# patient has s3ollen lymph
nodes
!J patient has patient has bloated,
full and tight feeling of his abdomen
!M patient has fre7uent discharge
of intestinal gas or fart
!( patient has abdominal pain
!8%E. ta6ing my meal and ta6ing
meal increases the pain
!: patient has tenesmus
!) patient is al3ays hungry
although he has eaten lots of food
!' patient has developed pruritic
papules on my s6in
!P patient has developed has
round pimples filled 3ith fluid and
appear li6e 3ater blisters
!X patient@s eyes turn into red and
become sensitive to light
!. patient has blood in sputum
!S patient has shortness of
breathing
!% patient has chest pain
!4 patient has facial pain
!N patient e0perience diAAiness
!> patient has cold symptoms
!J patient has s3elling tonsils
!D patient@s tonsil<s secret<s
!H patient has pharyngitis
symptoms
"! patient has s3elling of one or
both salivary glands
"" patient has pain on affected
area
"$ patient has Bastroesophageal
.eflu0 9isease
"9 patient has heartburn
"E patient has internal gas
problem
"8 patient has head problem
"B patient e0perience heart
palpitation
"/ patient has heart problem
"# patient has pale s6in, nails, lips
and eyes
"J patient has often gum bleeding
"M patient have long duration of
bleeding and it ta6es long time for
clotting
"( patient alopecia *hair loss-
": patient becomes sensitiveness
to cold
") patient has anemia symptoms
"' patient has burning sensation
in your stomach
"P patient has stomach grumbling
and gro3ling
"X patient often e0perience
belching
". patient has dyspepsia
1F
symptoms
"S patient is unconscious
"% patient has peptic ulcer
symptoms
"4 patient has joint pain
"N patient has crepitus sound on
his joints
"> patient has muscle stiffness
"J patient has pain in the nape
"D patient is often s3eating
"H patient is an0iety
$! patient@s tonsil<s 3as
surrounded by 3hite patches or pus
QsuppurativeT
,.$.. 0%er Interface De%'gn
4ser interface is one of the major components of an e0pert system #t serves as the
channel for the user and the system to interact %he data ac7uired during the session 3ill
be used to drive the system in firing rules E+g9roid 3as used by the researchers due to
its capability of handling interactivity bet3een the system and the user (i6e other e0pert
system shells, only the 6no3ledge base is empty and everything are all defined in
e+g9roid including interactive buttons, chec6 bo0es, and te0t fields #n here, 7uestions
are in the form of prompt definition !ccording to eJpertise+Bocom, this prompt
defines format of user re7uest for an attribute@s value if the inference engine allo3 it to
re7uest Xuestions to as6 user is on the ne0t line in single or double 7uotes belo3 the
6ey3ord P.':P%, 3hich user@s response is then assign to a specific variable for rule
matching 8igure 1C is a sample interface of the system@s interface 3ith its actual code
on its right
1G
/'gure ,.*. Pro!pt Code
'ne of the features of e+g9roid is the capability of the 6no3ledge base to
optionally lin6 to >eb pages for help *#nfolin6s- or to support conclusions
*/yperlin6s- #n addition, these lin6s may refer to files locally located on phone@s
internal or e0ternal memory %he researchers, to help user about the 7uestion and for
more detailed conclusion use this techni7ue 8igure 11 L 1G are screenshots of the
systems implementation of the techni7ue
/'gure ,., Pro!pted ;ue%t'on 5'th Info#'nk.
8igure 11 sho3s the interface of the prompt 3here the user is as6ed to input the
value of a parameter %here are four buttons included in the panel %he Submit button
15
confirms the input of the user %he Why button lin6s to the e+g9roid e0planation
subsystem %he Go Back button allo3s the user to the value of the inputted paramaters
!nd lastly, the Exit button allo3s the user to terminate the application %he Y button
allo3s the user to display additional information about the 7uestion Sho3n in figure 1E
is the page that sho3s the additional information about the 7uestion
/'gure ,.<. Info#'nk Page /'gure ,.>. Conc#u%'on
Sho3n in figure 1F is the 3indo3 that displays the final result or conclusion of the
system
E,
/'gure ,.?. Procedure and do%age of the pre%cr'"ed her"a# treat!ent.
! 3eb page that presents the image, procedure and dosage of the prescribed
herbal treatment %his appear after user select one of the suggested treatment at figure
1G
,.* Te%t'ng Pha%e
%his is the phase 3herein a demonstration of the system prototype to the users and
the e0pert is done 'nce the e0pert system prototype has been approved by the e0pert, the
proponents continued the development effort by fine2tuning the 6no3ledge
representation
!fter the system@s overall structure has been defined and the prototype has been
constructed, the designed rules must be tested #n this phase, the researchers manually
trac6ed every fired rules :oreover, for documentation purposes %yphoid 8ever 3as used
in later part to illustrate the process of testing
#n order to run the system /erbal Prescriber on !ndroid6b 3as loaded to the
e+g9roid shell by choosing the 6no3ledge base from the drop2do3n list menu %he
consultation starts by getting the signs and symptoms observed by the patient %his 3as
E1
simulated from the traditional and basic consultation that happens inside the clinic %he
researchers named this phase as the 9iagnose Phase, 3hich is used to identify the root
illness e0perienced by the patient #n addition, all symptoms are first identified either
there is an elevation of the body temperature; this is also used to shorten the procedure
!fter this phase, a list of herbal treatments are presented, the number of suggested herbal
treatment is filtered base on the cons of the suggested herb, for instance garlic is not for
patient having hypertension and pineapple is not good for pregnant 3omen %his phase
3as named as the Prescription phase
"elo3 is the presentation of the testing procedure of the system assuming that the
patient has a typhoid fever %his is to sho3 ho3 the rules behave #n addition, screenshots
of the actual implementation of the system inside !ndroid phone is included
,.*.1 Te%t for the Correctne%% of Ru#e% 6Re%o#ut'on Pr'nc'p#e7
#n this part, the correctness of each of the designed rules 3as tested through
resolution principle
%o sho3 the correctness of rules using resolution principle, the rules that 3ere
included or needed for the Bastroenteritis disease 3ere ta6en as an e0ample
%he .ules
.4(E QV1FT
!)9 patient has fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas or fart
%/E) patient has B!S%.'E)%E.#%#S
.4(E QV1CT
!)9 patient has obstruction
E+
%/E) patient has serious abdominal infection
.4(E QVFT
!)9 patient has bo3el movement problem
%/E) patient has abdominal infection
.4(E QV+T
#8 ?FEWP patient@s temperature W C,
%/E) patient has fever
.4(E QVE1T
.4(E QVE+T
#8 patient has constipation symptoms
.4(E QVCT
#8 patient has temperature W C, and R ?C1
.4(E QV1T
#8 patient has temperature W C, and R ?C1
!)9 patient has infre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movement
E?
!)9 patient has incomplete bo3el evacuation
%/E) patient has constipation symptoms
%he rules above are in English form, represented by phrases and 3ords in
diagnosing Bastroenteritis Each rule is referred to as a proposition ! proposition is a
statement consisting of subject and predicate that is either true or false #n e0pert systems,
the "oolean truth value is asserted into the 3or6ing memory
.ules 3ere represented by symbolic variables #n sho3ing this rules 3ere
represented by a set of conditions such as S P ZS
1
S
n
[ %he disease 3ere represented as
9 P Z 9
1
9
n
[ 3hich is the goal
$onditions&
S
1
patient has serious abdominal infection
S
+
patient has patient has bloated, full and tight feeling of his abdomen
S
?
patient has fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas or fart
S
C
patient has abdominal infection
S
1
patient has obstruction
S
E
patient has fever
S
F
patient has bo3el movement problem
S
G
?FEWP patient@s temperature W C,
S
5
patient has diarrhea symptoms
S
1,
patient has constipation symptoms
S
11
patient has temperature W C, and R ?C1
S
1+
patient has fre7uent, loose, 3atery stools
S
1?
patient has body 3ea6ness
S
1C
patient has sun6en eyeball
S
11
patient has abdominal pain
S
1E
patient has infre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movement
S
1F
patient has incomplete bo3el evacuation
9
1
B!S%.'E)%E.#%#S
.ules 3ere then represented in symbolic forms
.ule + S
G
S
E
.ule C S
11
S
1+
S
1?
S
1C
S
11
$
5
.ule 1 S
C
S
1
S
1
.ule E1 S
5
S
F
.ule E+ S
1,
S
F
EC
.ule F S
E
S
F
S
C
.ule 1F S
1
S
+
S
?
9
1
!fter the representation of the rules into symbolic forms, the resolution principle
3as done through the follo3ing steps&
! .ules 3ere transformed into clause form&
.ule+ O S
G
S
E
.ule C OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
$
5
.ule 1 O S
C
O S
1
S
1
.ule E1 O S
5
S
F
.ule E+ O S
1,
S
F
.ule F O S
E
O S
F
S
C
.ule 1F O S
1
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
" !0ioms 3ere sho3n in clause form&
1 O S
G
S
E
+ OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
S
5
? O S
C
O S
1
S
1
C O S
5
S
F
1 O S
1,
S
F
E O S
E
O S
F
S
C
F O S
1
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
G S
1
5 S
G
1, S
1,
11
E1
1+ S
11
1? S
1+
1C S
1?
11 S
1C
1E S
11
1F S
+
1G S
?
15 O 9
1
%o prove that 9
1
is the logical conse7uence of the given premises, resolution
principle 3as used %his method assumes that the goal is false and the premises are true
and sho3 that a contradiction e0ists >ith that, the negation of the goal 3as added to the
set of clauses )e3 resolvents are produced by pairing clauses 3ith complimentary
literals !t the end of the process, 3hen a contradiction e0ists or is established, then it
sho3s that the argument is valid %he resolution tree 3hich presents the 3hole resolution
process in sho3ed in 8igure 15
Paired $lauses&
1 $lauses + and C, resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
S
F
+ %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clauses 1 and E, resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
E
S
C
O S
1,
? %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1 , resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
S
C
O S
1,
O S
G
C %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause ? , resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
1,
O S
G

O
S
1
S
1
1 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause F , resulting to
EE
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
1,
O S
G
O S
1
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
E %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause G , resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
1,
O S
G
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
F %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 5 , resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
1,
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
G %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1, , resulting to
OS
11
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
5 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 11 , resulting to
O S
1+
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
1, %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1+ , resulting to
O S
1?
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
11 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1? , resulting to
O S
1C
O S
11
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
1+ %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1C , resulting to
O S
11
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
1? %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 11 , resulting to
O S
+
O S
?
9
1
1C %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1E , resulting to
O S
?
9
1
11 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1F , resulting to
9
1
1E %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1G , resulting to a contradiction
3hich is
9
1
O 9
1
the argument is valid
%he .esolution %ree
EF
/'gure ,.@ Re%o#ut'on Tree for D'agno%'ng )a%troent'r't'%
%est for correctness of rules in diagnosing parasitic 3orms
%he rules
.4(E QV?T
#8 patient has temperature WP ?F1 and RP ?C
%/E) patient don@t have fever
.4(E QVCT
EG
.4(E QVE1T
.4(E QV?1T
%/E) patient has internal gas problem
.4(E QV?ET
!)9 patient has pale s6in, nails, lips and eyes
!)9 patient has often gum bleeding
!)9 patient have long duration of bleeding and it ta6es long time for clotting
!)9 patient alopecia *hair loss-
!)9 patient becomes sensitiveness to cold
%/E) patient has anemia symptoms
.4(E QVCCT
#8 patient has bo3el movement problem
!)9 patient has internal gas problem
!)9 patient has anemia symptoms
!)9 patient is al3ays hungry although he has eaten lots of food
!)9 patient notice some appearance of 3orms in your stools
%/E) patient has P!.!S#%#$ >'.:S
$onditions&
S
1
patient@s temperature W P ?F1
o
$ and RP ?C
o
$
S
+
patient don@t have fever
S
?
patient has fre7uent, loose, 3atery stools
S
C
patient has body 3ea6ness
S
1
patient has sun6en eyeball
S
E
patient has abdominal pain
S
F
patient has diarrhea symptoms
S
G
patient has patient has bo3el movement problem
S
5
patient has patient has bloated, full and tight feeling of his abdomen
S
1,
patient has internal gas problem
S
11
patient has pale s6in, nails, lips and eyes
S
1+
patient has often gum bleeding
S
1?
patient have long duration of bleeding and it ta6es long time for clotting
S
1C
patient alopecia *hair loss-
S
11
patient becomes sensitiveness to cold
S
1E
patient has anemia symptoms
S
1F
patient is al3ays hungry although he has eaten lots of food
S
1G
patient notice some appearance of 3orms in your stools
E5
S
15
patient has temperature W C, and RP?C
9 patient has P!.!S#%#$ >'.:S
.ules in symbolic forms&
.ule ? S
1
S
+
.ule C S
15
S
?
S
C
S
1
S
E
S
F
.ule E1 S
F
S
G
.ule ?1 S
+
S
5
S
1,
.ule ?E S
+
S
11
S
1+
S
1?
S
1C
S
11
S
1E
.ule CC S
G
S
1,
S
1E
S
1F
S
1G
9
! .ules 3ere transformed into clause form&
1 .ule ? OS
1
S
+
+ .ule C OS
15
OS
?
OS
C
OS
1
OS
E
S
F
? .ule E1 OS
F
S
G
C .ule ?1 OS
+
OS
5
S
1,
1 .ule ?E OS
+
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
S
1E
E .ule CC OS
G
OS
1,
OS
1E
OS
1F
OS
1G
9
" !0ioms 3ere sho3n in clause form&
1 OS
1
S
+
+ OS
15
OS
?
OS
C
OS
1
OS
E
S
F
? OS
F
S
G
C OS
+
OS
5
S
1,
1 OS
+
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
O
S1C
OS
11
S
1E
E OS
G
OS
1,
OS
1E
OS
1F
O
S1G
9
F S
1
G S
?
5 S
C
1, S
1
11
1+ S
E
1? S
5
1C
F,
11 S
11
1E S
1+
1F S
1?
1G S
1C
15 S
11
+, S
1F
+1 S
1G
++ S
15
+? O9
"elo3 are paired clauses, that results to a ne3 resolvent
Paired $lauses&
1 $lauses E and ?, resulting to
AS
1,
OS
1E
OS
1F
OS
1G
9 OS
F
+ %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause C, resulting to
AS
1E
OS
1F
OS
1G
9 OS
F
OS
+
OS
5
? %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1 , resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
F
OS
+
OS
5
OS
+
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11,
notice that if PP
P by idempotency law for . the above resolvent becomes
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
F
OS
+
OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
C %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1 , resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
F
OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
1
1 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause + , resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
1
OS
15
OS
?
OS
C
OS
1
OS
E
E %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause F, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
OS
?
OS
C
OS
1
OS
E
F %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause G, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
OS
C
OS
1
OS
E
G %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 5, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
OS
1
OS
E
5 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1,, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
OS
E
1, %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 11, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
5
OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
11 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1+, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
11
OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
1+ %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1?, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
1+
OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
F1
1? %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1C, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
1?
OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
1C %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 11 , resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
1C
OS
11
OS
15
11 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1E, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
11
OS
15
1E %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1F, resulting to
OS
1F
OS
1G
9OS
15
1F %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 1G, resulting to
OS
1G
9OS
15
1G %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause 15, resulting to
9AS
15
15 %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause +,, resulting to
9
+, %he resulting a0iom 3as then paired to clause +1, resulting to a contradiction
3hich is
*9-

*O 9-
the argument is valid
The Resoltion Tree
F+
/'gure ,.1B Re%o#ut'on Tree for D'agno%'ng Para%'t'c .or!%
,.*. Se%%'on Run:through
#n this section, a session run2through is presented to sho3 the flo3 of the system
in diagnosing a disease, specifically gastroenteritis %he user interface in prescribing
herbal remedy is also sho3n
F?
/'gure ,.11 Body Te!perature
/'gure ,.1 Type of Bo5e# 1o(e!ent
8igure 111 sho3s a prompt 3here the user needs to input the patient
temperature Patient temperature is needed since in rule V1, the patient temperature is a
condition >ith ?G, as the patient@s temperature, then this implies that the patient has
a fever >hich drives the system to rule V1 Sho3n in figure 11+ is a prompt 3here
the user needs to input the type of bo3el movement of the patient %he type of bo3el
movement is needed since it is a condition in rule V 1
/'gure ,.1$. A"do!'na# Pa'n /'gure ,.1*. Bo5e# E(acuat'on
8igures 11? and 11C sho3s the prompt for the user to input if the patient has
abdominal pain and if the patient has e0perienced sensation of incomplete bo3el
evacuation, in 3hich the values of the parameters involed are needed in rule V1
FC
/'gure ,.1,. O"%truct'on
/'gure ,.1< 1ore 'nfor!at'on for
O"%truct'on
8igures 111 sho3s a prompt 3here the user needs to input if the patient has
e0perienced obstruction and in figure 11E is the infolin6 page of the prompt
/'gure ,.1>. B#oated /'gure ,.1?. 1ore 'nfor!at'on for B#oated
/ee#'ng
8igures 11F sho3s a prompt 3here the user needs to input if the patient has
bloated feeling and in figure 11G is the infolin6 page of the prompt
F1
/'gure ,.1@. /re;uent d'%charge of
'nte%t'na# ga% or fart
/'gure ,.B. 1ore 'nfor!at'on of fre;uent
d'%charge of 'nte%t'na# ga% or fart
8igures 115 sho3s a prompt 3here the user needs to input if the patient has
fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas and in figure 1+, is the infolin6 page of the
prompt
/'gure ,.1. )a%troent'r't'%
8igure 1+1 sho3s the conclusion of the session 3hich states that the patient has
gastroentiritis, based on the inputted value of the parameters by the user #t also sho3s
the herbal remedies for the disease
FE
/'gure ,.. +e!on )ra%% 1 /'gure ,.$. +e!on )ra%%
8igures 1++ and 1+? sho3s the procedure and the dosage of the herbal remedy lemon
grass
,.*.$ E(a#uat'on
%he follo3ing subsections sho3s the results based on the evaluation conducted to
the users and the domain e0perts
,.*.$.1 Do!a'n E4pert%C E(a#uat'on
"ased on the domain e0perts@ feedbac6s , the system can be used to provide basic
medical services in remote areas
"elo3 are th comments of the domain e0perts
%he system could be relied on in terms of see6ing for an ans3er foru
your health problems especially 3hen people living around ain@t got the
6no3ledge of such a complaint<problem
%he system may help out friends living in rural areas gain access to see6
consults if incase medical personnel may not be available
FF
,.*.$. 0%er%C E(a#uat'on
8or the user evaluation, the developer@s conducted testings to test the usefulness
and reliability of the system 8our users 3ere involved during the testing
9uring the testing, the users 3ere as6ed to input the symptoms of a certain
disease that they have e0perienced %he system@s output in diagnosing 3as then compared
to the real disease e0pected by the user
"ased on the test results , three out of the four testers got the outputted disease the
same as the real disease e0pected "ased on the users@ comments, the system is useful for
people living in areas 3here there are no available medical practitioners and also in times
3here there are no available means of transportation that can be used to go to hospitals
and clinics %he users also commented that the system is good since it promotes the use
of herbal medicines >hen, they 3ere as6ed if they@ll use it, the feedbac6s are positive
,., Docu!entat'on Pha%e
!fter the development of the e0pert system, a document produced containing the
details and discussions of the 3hole development process %he produced document
contains the needed information for the users and developer 9etails, discussions and
outputs in each tas6 done 3ere also documented
,.< 1a'ntenance Pha%e
!fter testing the system, necessary changes 3ere made based on the
comments and suggestions of the domain e0perts .ules 3ere added to enhanced the
system
FG
Chapter <
Conc#u%'on and Reco!!endat'on%
%his chapter presents the conclusion and recommendations from the result of this
study
<.1 Conc#u%'on
%he developed e0pert system using !ndroid phones diagnoses and prescribes
herbal remedies #t can be used to provide alternative health care in the absence of
medical health practitioners #t provides mobility 3hich means, it can used anytime and
any3here
Subse7uent to developing the e0pert system, the problem 3as identified and
justified Mno3ledge of the domain e0perts in diagnosing and prescribing 3ere then
ac7uired through interactive intervie3s 3ith the domain e0pert and boo6 referrals %he
ac7uired 6no3ledge analyAed >ith the analyAed ac7uired 6no3ledge, rules 3ere
designed and stored in the 6no3ledge base %he correctness of these rules 3ere tested
through resolution principle !fter the initial development of the system, it 3as then
presented to the domain e0perts for verification and validation "ased on the comments
and recommendations of the e0perts, the system 3as enhanced and improved %he
objectives 3ere successfully met
F5
!lso, the developed e0pert system is an ans3er to the assessed problems %he first
problem is the inade7uacy of the delivery of health services to remote areas %he
developed system has the ability to diagnose and prescribe herbal remedies using !ndroid
phones, 3hich implies its mobility, 3hich also means that people from remote areas can
use the developed e0pert system as an alternative in case 3here there is no available
health service %he second assessed problem is the unfamiliarity of the use and the
administration of herbal medicines to the people in remote areas %he developed e0pert
system provides instructions and useful information regarding the use and administration
of herbal medicines, thus this implies that the developed e0pert system is a solution to the
assessed problem
#n summary, the objective of the study 3ere met and the problem 3as 3ell
addressed 3ith this solution
<. Reco!!endat'on%
%he developed e0pert system for prescribing herbal remedies using java2enabled
phones has been proved to be useful in diagnosing health problems and prescribing
herbal remedies #t is then recommended that&
! version of the system in native language such as 8ilipino, Nisayan, :aranao
should be made
(ocations and availability of the prescribed herbal should also be added in the
prescription phase of the system
#f ever there are updates on the selected, approved herbal plants, it should also be
reflected in the system
G,
%he future researchers could use another shell 3hich can be used in Java2enabled
phones
APPENDICES
G1
APPENDID A3 )#o%%ary of Ter!%
)#o%%ary of Ter!%
#n this study, the follo3ing terms are mostly used in the discussion %hese terms
3ill help in better understanding
Back5ard Cha'n'ng 6goa#:dr'(en7 L is a 6ind of system for the inference engine, 3hich
processed first the hypothesis or solution or goal and 6eep loo6ing for rules that
3ould allo3 to conclude that hypothesis *!braham, +,,1-
Do!a'n E4pert L provides the 6no3ledge of the problem area, generally someone 3ho
has 3or6ed in the domain area and understands its problem2solving techni7ues
G+
*(uger, +,,1-
E4pert Sy%te! L a model and associated procedure that e0hibits, 3ithin a specific
domain, a degree of e0pertise in problem solving that is comparable to that of a
human e0pert *$ha6raborty, +,1,-
E4pert Sy%te! She## L a piece of soft3are 3hich contains the user interface, a format for
declarative 6no3ledge in the 6no3ledge base, and an inference engine
*$ha6raborty, +,1,-
/or5ard Cha'n'ng 6data:dr'(en7 L is a 6ind of system for the inference engine, 3hich
processed first the initial facts and 6eep using the rules to dra3 ne3 conclusions
given those facts *!braham, +,,1-
Her"a# Act'on% L are due in part to herbal active constituents, this are special chemicals
and combination of chemicals and oils that are present in each particular plant
Inference Eng'ne L is the code at the core of the system 3hich derives recommendations
from the 6no3ledge base and problem2specific data in 3or6ing storage
*$ha6raborty, +,1,-
Infor!at'on and Co!!un'cat'on Techno#ogy 6ICT7 L refers to the integration of
telecommunications, computers, middle3are and the data systems that support,
store and transmit unified communications bet3een systems *:urray, +,11-
9no5#edge Ac;u'%'t'on L is a phase of the 6no3ledge engineering methodology that
re7uires a significant degree of interaction bet3een the 6no3ledge engineer and
the specialist *Emberey et al, +,,F-
9no5#edge Ba%e L contains both factual and heuristics 6no3ledge, it is a representation
of e0pertise, 3isdom or rules2of2thumb, often represented by rules containing if2
G?
then2else conditional statements or cases containing various fact patterns, in
short it is 3here 6no3ledge of the domain e0pert is stored in a form of rules
*Engelmore and 8eigenbaum, 155?-
9no5#edge Eng'neer L primary involved in building an e0pert system, they are the one
3ho encodes the e0pert@s 6no3ledge in a declarative form that can be used by the
e0pert system *$ha6raborty, +,1,-
9no5#edge Eng'neer'ng L is the art of designing and building e0pert systems, it is both
an applied part of artificial intelligence and a part of computer science
*Engelmore and 8eigenbaum, 155?-
Euack Doctor = Xuac6ery, false representation of a substance, device or therapeutic
system as being beneficial in treating a medical condition, diagnosing a disease,
or maintaining a state of health *%he 8ree 9ictionary, +,1+-
Ru#e:"a%ed E4pert Sy%te! L a type of e0pert system 3hich contains information
obtained from a human e0pert, and represents that information in the form of
rules, such as #82%/E) *(iao, +,,1-
GC
APPENDID B3 The 9no5#edge Ba%e
The 9no5#edge Ba%e
G1
.E: /ealthMno3ledge6b
P!.!: QapptitleT P I9isease #dentifier and /erbal Prescriber E0pert SystemI
P!.!: QdisclaimerT P I%his E0pert System is an initial version of diagnosing and
prescribing herbal remediesI
P!.!: QappsubtitleT P Iby 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey XI
P!.!: QbgcolorT P IVE$"588I
P!.!: QpromptcolorT P IV,E,E,EI
P!.!: QpromptsiAeT P I+,I
P!.!: QnologoT P I%.4EI
P!.!: QtitlecolorT P IVEF,,88I
.E: /ealthMno3ledge6b
.4(E QV1T
#f QtempT RP C,
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IPatient is prone to convulsion PatientKs possible disease is not part
of the domainI
.4(E QV+T
#f QtempT R ?F1 and
QtempT WP C,
%hen QfeverT P true
.4(E QV?T
#f QtempT WP ?F1 and
QtempT RP ?C
%hen QfeverT P false
.4(E QVCT
#f QtempT W C, and
QtempT RP ?C and
Qstool typeT P I8re7uent, loose, 3atery stoolsI and
Qbody 3ea6nessT P IDesI and
Qsun6en eyeballT P IDesI and
Qabdominal painT P IDesI
%hen Qdiarrhea symptomsT P true
.4(E QV1T
#f QtempT W C, and
GE
QtempT RP ?C and
Qstool typeT P I#nfre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movementI and
Qabdominal painT P IDesI and
Qincomplete bo3el evacuationT P IDesI
%hen Qconstipation symptomsT P true
.4(E QVE1T
#f Qdiarrhea symptomsT P true
%hen Qbo3el movement problemT P true
.4(E QVE+T
#f Qconstipation symptomsT P true
%hen Qbo3el movement problemT P true
.4(E QVFT
#f QfeverT P true and
Qbo3el movement problemT P true
%hen Qabdominal infectionT P true
.4(E QVGT
Qitchy s6in rashesT P IDesI
%hen Qs6in infectionT P true
.4(E QV5T
QheadacheT P IDesI
%hen Qhead infectionT P true
.4(E QV1,T
#f Qrunny nose 7uestionT P IDesI
%hen Qrunny noseT P true
.4(E QV11T
Qrunny noseT P true and
QcoughT P IDesI
%hen Qbloc6ed air3ayT P true
.4(E QV1+T
GF
Qstrep throatT P IDesI and
Qs3allo3ing difficultyT P IDesI
%hen Qthroat infectionT P true
.4(E QV1?T
#f Qhead infectionT P true and
Qstrep throatT P IDesI
%hen Qmouth problemT P true
.4(E QV1CT
#f Qabdominal infectionT P true and
QobstructionT P IDesI
%hen Qserious abdominal infectionT P true
.4(E QV11T
#f Qbloc6ed air3ayT P true and
Qmouth problemT P true
%hen QcoldT P true
.4(E QV1ET
#f Qmouth problemT P true and
Qthroat infectionT P true and
Qs3ollen lymph nodesT P IDesI
%hen QpharyngitisT P true
.4(E QV1FT
#f Qserious abdominal infectionT P true and
Qbloated feelingT P IDesI and
QfartT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IB!S%.'E)%E.#%#SI
.4(E QV1GT
#f Qabdominal infectionT P true and
QtenesmusT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I9DSE)%E.DI
.4(E QV15T
#f Qs6in infectionT P true and
Qbody descriptionT P I9eveloped pruritic papules on my s6inI and
Qhead infectionT P true and
Q3ater blisters pimplesT P IDesI
GG
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I$/#$ME) P'JI
.4(E QV+,T
#f Qs6in infectionT P true and
Qbody descriptionT P I:y eyes turn into red and become sensitive to lightI and
Qbloc6ed air3ayT P true
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I:E!S(ESI
.4(E QV+1T
QcoughT P IDesI and
Qblood in sputumT P IDesI and
Qshortness of breathingT P IDesI and
Qchest painT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I%4"E.$4('S#SI
.4(E QV++T
#f Qhead infectionT P true and
Qbloc6ed air3ayT P true and
Qfacial painT P IDesI and
QdiAAinessT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IS#)4S#%#SI
.4(E QV+?T
#f QcoldT P true and
QpharyngitisT P false
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I$'(9I
.4(E QV+CT
#f QpharyngitisT P true and
QcoldT P false and
Qs3ollen glandsT P I)one of the aboveI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IP/!.D)B#%#SI
.4(E QV+11T
QcoldT P false and
Qs3ollen glandsT P IS3elling tonsilsI and
Qdescribe tonsilsT P I)oneI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I%')S#((#%#SI
G5
.4(E QV+1+T
QcoldT P false and
Qdescribe tonsilsT P I#t secrets coronetI
.4(E QV+1?T
QcoldT P false and
Qdescribe tonsilsT P I#t 3as surrounded by 3hite pathes or pus QsuppurativeTI
.4(E QV+ET
QcoldT P false and
Qs3ollen glandsT P IS3elling of one or both salivary glandsI and
Qpain on affected areaT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I:4:PSI
.4(E QV+FT
Qs6in infectionT P true and
Qmouth problemT P true
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I%DP/'#9 8ENE.I
.4(E QV+GT
QpharyngitisT P true and
QcoldT P true
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I8(4I
.E: )o fever
.4(E QV+5T
#f QfeverT P false and
Qstrep throatT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IS'.E %/.'!%I
.4(E QV?,T
5,
QgerdT P IDesI
%hen QheartburnT P true
.4(E QV?1T
Qbloated feelingT P IDesI
%hen Qinternal gas problemT P true
.4(E QV?+T
QheadacheT P IDesI
%hen Qhead problemT P true
.4(E QV??T
Qstool typeT P I)oneI and
Qbloated feelingT P I)oI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I!"9':#)!( P!#)I
.4(E QV?CT
#f Qhead problemT P true and
Qbloated feelingT P I)oI and
Qbody 3ea6nessT P I)oI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I/E!9!$/EI
.4(E QV?1T
#f Qhead problemT P true and
Qbody 3ea6nessT P IDesI and
Qshortness of breathingT P IDesI and
QdiAAinessT P IDesI and
QpalpitationT P IDesI
%hen Qheart problemT P ItrueI
.4(E QV?ET
Qpale body partsT P IDesI and
Qgum bleedingT P IDesI and
Qlong duration bleedingT P IDesI and
QalopeciaT P IDesI and
51
Qsensitiveness to coldT P IDesI
%hen QanemiaT P true
.4(E QV?FT
#f Qinternal gas problemT P true and
QheartburnT P true and
Qburning sensationT P IDesI and
Qgrumbling and gro3ling stomachT P IDesI and
QbelchingT P IDesI
%hen QdyspepsiaT P true
.4(E QV?GT
#f QdyspepsiaT P true and
Qhead problemT P true
%hen Qpeptic ulcerT P true
.4(E QV?5T
Qjoint painT P IDesI and
Qcrepitus soundT P IDesI and
Qmuscle crampsT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I./E4:!%#S:I
.4(E QVC,T
Qconstipation symptomsT P true and
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I$')S%#P!%#')I
.4(E QVC1T
Qdiarrhea symptomsT P true and
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I9#!../E!I
.4(E QVC+T
#f Qheart problemT P ItrueI and
Qpain in the napeT P IDesI and
Qs3eatingT P IDesI and
Qan0ietyT P IDesI and
5+
QunconsciousT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I/DPE.%E)S#')I
.4(E QVC?T
#f QanemiaT P true and
Qbo3el movement problemT P false
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I!)E:#!I
.4(E QVCCT
#f Qbo3el movement problemT P true and
Qinternal gas problemT P true and
QanemiaT P true and
QglutonyT P IDesI and
Qappearance of 3ormsT P IDesI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IP!.!S#%#$ >'.:SI
.4(E QVC1T
#f Qhead problemT P false and
QdyspepsiaT P true
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I9DSPEPS#!I
.4(E QVCET
#f Qpeptic ulcerT P true and
Qabdominal pain descriptionT P I# have abdominal pain "E8'.E ta6ing my meal and
ta6ing aspirin or drin6ing orange or coffee increases the painI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P I94'9E)!( 4($E.I
.4(E QVCFT
#f Qpeptic ulcerT P true and
Qabdominal pain descriptionT P I# have abdominal pain !8%E. ta6ing my meal and
ta6ing meal increases the painI
%hen Q9iagnosisT P IB!S%.#$ 4($E.I
.E: Prescription and Suggested herbs for +C different diseases
.E: 'n this prescription only +1 philippine herbal plants are considered
.4(E QVCG B!S%.'E)%E.#%#ST
#f Q9iagnosisT P IB!S%.'E)%E.#%#SI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVC5 B!S%.#$ 4($E.T
5?
#f Q9iagnosisT P IB!S%.#$ 4($E.I and
QpregnantT & IDesI I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya (eaves JuiceI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage Juice for E0ternalI
.4(E QV1, 9DSE)%E.DT
#f Q9iagnosisT P I9DSE)%E.DI and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I!vocado 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$oconut 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar !pple 9ecoctionI
.4(E QV11 S#)4S#%#ST
#f Q9iagnosisT P IS#)4S#%#SI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I:ayana /eatedI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P ISambong /eatedI
.4(E QV1+ 9DSE)%E.DT
#f Q9iagnosisT P I9DSE)%E.DI and
QpregnantT P I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPineapple 8ruitI
.4(E QV1? %4"E.$4('S#ST
#f Q9iagnosisT P I%4"E.$4('S#SI and
QhypotensionT & IDesI I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion Eaten .a3I
.4(E QV1C %4"E.$4('S#ST
#f Q9iagnosisT P I%4"E.$4('S#SI and
QhypotensionT P I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic JuiceI
.4(E QV11 $'(9T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I$'(9I
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P ISna6e >eed 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass Steam "athI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger Steam #nhalationI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I8ive2leaf $haste %ree 9ecoctionI
.4(E QV1E P/!.D)B#%#ST
5C
#f Q9iagnosisT P IP/!.D)B#%#SI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P ISna6e >eed BargleI and
.4(E QV1F %')S#((#%#ST
#f Q9iagnosisT P I%')S#((#%#SI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruit PoulticeI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli 8ruit #nfusionI
.4(E QV1G %')S#((#%#ST
#f Q9iagnosisT P I%')S#((#%#SI and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic .a3 $andyI
.4(E QV15 :4:PST
#f Q9iagnosisT P I:4:PSI
QSuggested %reatmentT P ISensitive Plant PasteI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I"ilimbi %ree PoulticeI
.4(E QVE, %DP/'#9 8ENE.T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I%DP/'#9 8ENE.I
QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion Eaten .a3I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I8ive2leaf $haste %ree 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I:angosteen .ind 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVE1 8(4T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I8(4I
.4(E QVE+ S'.E %/.'!%T
#f Q9iagnosisT P IS'.E %/.'!%I and
51
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic .a3 $andyI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic JuiceI
.4(E QVE? S'.E %/.'!%T
#f Q9iagnosisT P IS'.E %/.'!%I and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli (eaves BargleI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli PlasterI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$oconut #nfusionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage /eatedI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P ISna6e >eed BargleI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVEC !"9':#)!( P!#)T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I!"9':#)!( P!#)I
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli 8ruit #nfusionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli 8ruit %eaI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage JuiceI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruit 3ith SeedsI
.4(E QVE1 /E!9!$/ET
#f Q9iagnosisT P I/E!9!$/EI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage Pounded 8resh (eavesI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I!vocado 9ecoction /ot $ompressI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass (inimentI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar 8ruit PoulticeI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P ISambong PoulticeI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I8ive2leaf $haste %ree PoundedI
.4(E QVEE ./E4:!%#S:T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I./E4:!%#S:I
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion Eaten .a3I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli PlasterI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage JuiceI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass (inimentI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBuava PoundedI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger PoundedI
.4(E QVEF $')S%#P!%#')T
5E
#f Q9iagnosisT P I$')S%#P!%#')I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IJac6 8ruitI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion Eaten .a3I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruitI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruit 3ith SeedsI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P ISensitive Plant (eaves #nfusionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IS3eet "asil (eaves or .oots 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVEG $')S%#P!%#')T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I$')S%#P!%#')I and
QpregnantT P I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya .a3 8ruitI
.4(E QVE5 9#!../E!T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I9#!../E!I
QSuggested %reatmentT P IJac6 8ruit %eaI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IS3eet "asil (eaves or .oots 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBuava "ar6 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBuava (eaves 9ecoctionI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger JuiceI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar !pple 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVF, /DPE.%E)S#')T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I/DPE.%E)S#')I and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVF1 /DPE.%E)S#')T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I/DPE.%E)S#')I and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic Eaten .a3I
.4(E QVF+ !)E:#!T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I!)E:#!I
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P ISponge BourdI
.4(E QVF? P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
5F
#f Q9iagnosisT P IP!.!S#%#$ >'.:SI and
QhypotensionT & IDesI I)oI and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya SeedsI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P ISponge Bourd Seed #nfusionI
.4(E QVFC P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
QpregnantT P I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I.ing3orm "ush SeedsI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I.ing3orm "ush 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVF1 P!.!S#%#$ >'.:ST
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic 9ecoctionI
.4(E QVFE 9DSPEPS#!T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I9DSPEPS#!I and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruit 3ith SeedsI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruitI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage JuiceI
.4(E QVFF 9DSPEPS#!T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I9DSPEPS#!I and
QpregnantT P I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya .a3 8ruitI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPineapple 8ruitI
.4(E QVFG 94'9E)!( 4($E.T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I94'9E)!( 4($E.I and
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion 3ith /oneyI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IJac6 8ruit (ate0I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya (eaves JuiceI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage Juice for E0ternalI
.4(E QVF5 94'9E)!( 4($E.T
#f Q9iagnosisT P I94'9E)!( 4($E.I and
QpregnantT P I)oI
5G
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya (ate0I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya .a3 8ruitI
.4(E QVG, B!S%.#$ 4($E.T
#f Q9iagnosisT P IB!S%.#$ 4($E.I and
QpregnantT P I)oI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya (ate0I and
QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya .a3 8ruitI
.4(E QVG1 $/#$ME) P'JT
#f Q9iagnosisT P I$/#$ME) P'JI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar 8ruit PoulticeI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$assava Starch "athI and
.4(E QVG+ :E!S(EST
#f Q9iagnosisT P I:E!S(ESI
%hen QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar 8ruit PoulticeI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I$assava Starch "athI and
QSuggested %reatmentT P I:angosteen .ind 9ecoctionI
.E: %he Prescription (in6s
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<(E:') B.!SS 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I.ing3orm "ush 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<.#)B>'.: "4S/ 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I!vocado 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<!N'$!9' 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$oconut 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$'$')4% 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion Eaten .a3I
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<')#') E!%E) .!>htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic JuiceI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B!.(#$ J4#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISna6e >eed 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S)!ME >EE9 9E$'$%#')htmlI
55
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass Steam "athI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<(E:') B.!SS S%E!: "!%/htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISna6e >eed BargleI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S)!ME >EE9 B!.B(EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic .a3 $andyI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B!.(#$ .!> $!)9DhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruit PoulticeI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! 8.4#% P'4(%#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISensitive Plant PasteI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<SE)S#%#NE P(!)% P!S%EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli (eaves BargleI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$/#((# (E!NES B!.B(EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$oconut #nfusionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$'$')4% #)84S#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage /eatedI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$'4)%.D "'.!BE /E!%E9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli 8ruit #nfusionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$/#((# 8.4#% #)84S#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli 8ruit %eaI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$/#((# 8.4#% %E!htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage JuiceI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$'4)%.D "'.!BE J4#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruit 3ith SeedsI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! 8.4#% >#%/ SEE9ShtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass (inimentI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<(E:') B.!SS (#)#:E)%htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$hilli PlasterI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$/#((# P(!S%E.htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IJac6 8ruitI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<J!$M 8.4#%htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISensitive Plant (eaves #nfusionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<SE)S#%#NE P(!)% (E!NES #)84S#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IS3eet "asil (eaves or .oots 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S>EE% "!S#( (E!NES '. .''%S
9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IJac6 8ruit %eaI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<J!$M 8.4#% %E!htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I(emon Brass 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<(E:') B.!SS 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic Eaten .a3I
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B!.(#$ E!%E) .!>htmlI
1,,
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISponge BourdI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<SP')BE B'4.9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya .a3 8ruitI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! .!> 8.4#%htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBarlic 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B!.(#$ 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I.ing3orm "ush SeedsI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<.#)B>'.: "4S/ SEE9ShtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISponge Bourd Seed #nfusionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<SP')BE B'4.9 SEE9 #)84S#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya SeedsI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! SEE9ShtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya 8ruitI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! 8.4#%htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I'nion 3ith /oneyI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<')#') >#%/ /')EDhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IJac6 8ruit (ate0I
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<J!$M 8.4#% (!%EJhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya (eaves JuiceI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! (E!NES J4#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPapaya (ate0I
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P!P!D! (!%EJhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$ountry "orage Juice for E0ternalI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$'4)%.D "'.!BE J4#$E 8'. EJ%E.)!(htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar 8ruit PoulticeI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S%!. 8.4#% P'4(%#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar 8ruit 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S%!. 8.4#% 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I$assava Starch "athI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<$!SS!N! S%!.$/ "!%/htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I:angosteen .ind 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<:!)B'S%EE) .#)9 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I:ayana /eatedI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<:!D!)! /E!%E9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISambong /eatedI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S!:"')B /E!%E9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P ISambong PoulticeI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S!:"')B P'4(%#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger Steam #nhalationI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B#)BE. S%E!: #)/!(!%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBuava "ar6 9ecoctionI
1,1
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B4!N! "!.M 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBuava (eaves 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B4!N! (E!NES 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger JuiceI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B#)BE. J4#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IStar !pple 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<S%!. !PP(E 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBuava PoundedI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B4!N! P'4)9E9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger PoundedI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B#)BE. P'4)9E9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IPineapple 8ruitI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<P#)E!PP(E 8.4#%htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I"ilimbi %ree PoulticeI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<"#(#:"# %.EE P'4(%#$EhtmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I8ive2leaf $haste %ree PoundedI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<8#NE2(E!8 $/!S%E %.EE P'4)9E9htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P I8ive2leaf $haste %ree 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<8#NE2(E!8 $/!S%E %.EE 9E$'$%#')htmlI
/DPE.(#)M QSuggested %reatmentT P IBinger 9ecoctionI
Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prescription<B#)BE. 9E$'$%#')htmlI
.E: Prompts
P.':P% QpregnantT 8orced$hoice
I*%his 7uestion is for 3omen only, and if your not just select )o to proceed- !re you
pregnantYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QtempT )umeric
IEnter your current body temperature Qin degree $elsuisT&I
I?CI
I11,I
P.':P% Qstool typeT 8orced$hoice
I9escribe your bo3el movementI
I8re7uent, loose, 3atery stoolsI
I#nfre7uent, difficulty in having bo3el movementI
I)oneI
1,+
P.':P% Qbody 3ea6nessT 8orced$hoice
I#s your body 3ea6YI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qsun6en eyeballT 8orced$hoice
I!re your eyeballs sin6ing, resulting to dar6 s6in area belo3 your lo3er eye lashesYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qabdominal painT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience abdominal painYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qincomplete bo3el evacuationT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience sensation of incomplete bo3el evacuationYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QobstructionT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience obstructionYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qitchy s6in rashesT 8orced$hoice
I9id you developed itchy s6in rashesYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QheadacheT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience headacheYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qrunny nose 7uestionT 8orced$hoice
I9id you have nasal discharges accompanied by often sneeAing and 3atery eyesYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QcoughT 8orced$hoice
1,?
I9id you e0perience coughYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qstrep throatT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience strep throatYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qs3allo3ing difficultyT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience s3allo3ing difficulty or che3ingYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qblood in sputumT 8orced$hoice
I9id your sputum has bloodYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qshortness of breathingT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience shortness of breathYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qchest painT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience pain in your chestYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qbloated feelingT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience bloated, full and tight feeling of your abdomenYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QfartT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0pereince fre7uent discharge of intestinal gas or fartYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QtenesmusT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience %E)ES:4SYI
1,C
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qbody descriptionT 8orced$hoice
I9escribe 3hat unusual changes or development in your body, from head to toeI
I9eveloped pruritic papules on my s6inI
I:y eyes turn into red and become sensitive to lightI
I)one of the aboveI
P.':P% Q3ater blisters pimplesT 8orced$hoice
I9id you developed has round pimples filled 3ith fluid and appear li6e 3ater blistersYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qfacial painT 8orced$hoice
I9id you feel pain on your faceYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QdiAAinessT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience diAAinessYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qs3ollen lymph nodesT 8orced$hoice
I9id your lymph nodes s3ollenYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qs3ollen glandsT 8orced$hoice
I$hoose from belo3 the appropriate situation<conditionYI
IS3elling of one or both salivary glandsI
IS3elling tonsilsI
I)one of the aboveI
P.':P% Qpain on affected areaT 8orced$hoice
I9id you feel pain around the affected areaYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qdescribe tonsilsT !ll$hoice
1,1
I9escribe 3hat happen to your tonsilsI
I#t secrets coronetI
I#t 3as surrounded by 3hite patches or pus QsuppurativeTI
P.':P% Qjoint painT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience joint painYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qcrepitus soundT 8orced$hoice
I9id the affected joints have crepitus soundYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qmuscle crampsT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience muscle stiffnessYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QgerdT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience Bastroesophageal .eflu0 9iseaseYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QpalpitationT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience heart palpitationYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qpain in the napeT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience pain in your napeYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qs3eatingT 8orced$hoice
I!re you s3eatingYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qan0ietyT 8orced$hoice
I9id the patient e0perience an0ietyYI
1,E
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QunconsciousT 8orced$hoice
I9id the patient is unconsciousYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qpale body partsT 8orced$hoice
I9id you have pale s6in, nails, lips and eyesYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qgum bleedingT 8orced$hoice
I9id your gums often bleedsYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qlong duration bleedingT 8orced$hoice
I9id you have long duration of bleeding and it ta6es long time for clottingYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QalopeciaT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perienced !('PE$#! *hair loss-YI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qsensitiveness to coldT 8orced$hoice
I9id you become sensitive to coldYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qappearance of 3ormsT 8orced$hoice
I9id you notice some appearance of 3orms in your stoolsYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qburning sensationT 8orced$hoice
I9id you e0perience burning sensation in your stomachYI
IDesI
1,F
I)oI
P.':P% Qgrumbling and gro3ling stomachT 8orced$hoice
I#s your stomach grumbling and gro3lingYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QbelchingT 8orced$hoice
I!re you often e0perience belching *e0pelling gas from the stomach out through the
mouth- or burpingYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% Qabdominal pain descriptionT 8orced$hoice
I9escribe the occurence of your abdominal painYI
I# have abdominal pain "E8'.E ta6ing my meal and ta6ing aspirin or drin6ing orange
or coffee increases the painI
I# have abdominal pain !8%E. ta6ing my meal and ta6ing meal increases the painI
P.':P% QglutonyT 8orced$hoice
I!re you al3ays hungry although youKve eaten lots of foodYI
IDesI
I)oI
P.':P% QhypotensionT 8orced$hoice
I9id you have /ypotensionYI
IDesI
I)oI
9E8!4(% Qinternal gas problemT P false
9E8!4(% Qbo3el movement problemT P false
9E8!4(% QpharyngitisT P false
9E8!4(% QcoldT P false
9E8!4(% Qheart problemT P IfalseI
9E8!4(% Qhead problemT P false
9E8!4(% Q9iagnosisT P IPatientKs possible disease is not part of the domainI
9E8!4(% Qvomit and bo3el bloodT P I)one of the choicesI
9E8!4(% Qdescribe tonsilsT P I)oneI
:!JN!(S QSuggested %reatmentT 11
1,G
#)8'(#)M Qblood in sputumT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<"(''9\SP4%4:htmlI
#)8'(#)M Qbody descriptionT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<"'9D
9ES$.#P%#')htmlI
#)8'(#)M QcoughT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<$'4B/htmlI
#)8'(#)M Qfacial painT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<8!$#!( P!#)htmlI
#)8'(#)M QfartT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<8!.%htmlI
#)8'(#)M Qbloated feelingT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<8EE(#)B "('!%E9htmlI
#)8'(#)M QheadacheT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts</E!9!$/EhtmlI
#)8'(#)M Qitchy s6in rashesT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<#%$/D\.!S/htmlI
#)8'(#)M Qmuscle crampsT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<:4S$(E P!#)htmlI
#)8'(#)M Qrunny nose 7uestionT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<.4))D )'SEhtmlI
#)8'(#)M Qstrep throatT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<S'.E %/.'!%htmlI
#)8'(#)M QtenesmusT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<%E)ES:4ShtmlI
#)8'(#)M QobstructionT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<N':#%#)BhtmlI
#)8'(#)M Q3ater blisters pimplesT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<>!%E.
"(#S%E.ShtmlI
#)8'(#)M QdiAAinessT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<9#HH#)ESShtmlI
#)8'(#)M Qs3ollen lymph nodesT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<S>'((E) (D:P/
)'9EShtmlI
#)8'(#)M Qs3ollen glandsT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<S>'((E) B(!)9ShtmlI
#)8'(#)M QgerdT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<BE.9htmlI
#)8'(#)M Qcrepitus soundT Ifile&<<sdcard<e+g6b<prompts<$.EP#%4S S'4)9htmlI
)'S/'>
B'!( QSuggested %reatmentT
B'!( Q9iagnosisT
1,5
APPENDID C3 Source Code
Source Code% for f'#e% a%%oc'ated 5'th the IN/O+IN9S of the %y%te!
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11,
condition in 3hich there is blood mi0ed in 3ith a bo3el movement or feces
WliR%he blood can arise from any3here along the digestive tract,
from the mouth to the anus
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Wimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<pruritic papulespngI<R
WliRPruritic PapulesWsupRQ1TW<supRW<ulRW<tdRWtdR
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Wimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<red eyespngI<R
WliR.ed eyes that is also sensitive to lightWsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulR
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WliR! cough is an action the body ta6es to get rid of substances
that are irritating to the air passages, 3hich carry the air a person breathes in from the nose and
111
mouth to the lungs
WliR! cough occurs 3hen cells along the air passages get
irritated and trigger a chain of events
WliR%he result is air in the lungs is forced out under high
pressureWsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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! crac6ling or popping sound that occurs as a result of tissues
rubbing together abnormallyWsupRQ+TW<supRW<pRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
S#HEP1RW".RWiRhttp&<<iytimgcom<vi<vAJJ.3J!1g3<,jpg
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DIGGINESS.ht!#
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WliR9iAAiness is a term used to describe everything from feeling
faint or lightheaded to feeling 3ea6 or unsteadyWsupRQ+TW<supR W<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
S#HEP1RW".RWiRhttp&<<3333hatcausesthiscom<3p2content<uploads<+,11<1,<diAAiness+jpg
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W".R]+,1?
/ACIA+ PAIN.ht!#
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WliR%he face contains your eyes, eyebro3s, forehead, nose,
chee6s, mouth, teeth and chin
WliR 8acial pain may include injuries to the nerves or bones that
coordinate many of your face@s actions
WliR%hese injuries may include trauma to the face and upper
ma0illary bone *ja3 bone- caused by a car accident, physical violence, or sports injury
WliRSuch injuries may cause a loss of sensation in the face,
difficulties 3ith breathing, s3elling, blurred or double vision, facial deformities, and difficulties
eating and drin6ingWsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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diameter of the abdominal areaWsupRQ+TW<ulRW<tdRW<trR WtrR
S#HEP1RW".RWiRhttp&<<3337uantumscalecom<3p2content<uploads<+,1+<,C<feeling2
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Bastroesophageal reflu0 disease *BE.9- is a condition in 3hich
the stomach contents *food or li7uid- lea6 bac63ards from the stomach into the esophagus *the
tube from the mouth to the stomach- %his action can irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn
and other symptomsWsupRQ+TW<supRW<pRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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WliR! /eadache is defined as a pain in the head or upper nec6
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and has many causesWsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulRW<tdR W<trRWtrR
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WliR:ostly accompanied by itchiness
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WliR! muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted
muscle that does not rela0
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such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract and rela0 as 3e move our
limbsWsupRQ+TW<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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WliR.unny nose occurs 3hen nasal tissues and blood vessels
111
produce e0cess fluid or mucous that runs out of your nose or do3n the bac6 of your
throatWsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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WliR%he glands are located in and around the mouth and throat
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*lymph fluid-, nutrients, and 3aste material bet3een the body tissues and the
bloodstreamWsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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the s6in, typically caused by forceful rubbing *friction-, burning, freeAing, chemical e0posure or
infection
WliR:ost blisters are filled 3ith a clear fluid called serum or
plasma
WliR/o3ever, blisters can be filled 3ith blood *6no3n as blood
blisters- or 3ith pus *if they become infected-WsupRQ+TW<supRW<ulRW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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W".R]+,1?
Source Code% for f'#e% a%%oc'ated 5'th the H2PER+IN9S of the %y%te!
A-OCADO DECOCTION.ht!#
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W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR!N'$!9'W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R!bo6adoW<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
WtableR
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Wtd stylePIte0t2align&(E8%IR
W8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?R
W".RWbR!vocado 9ecoctionW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned C2E tablespoon chooped fresh avocado leaves
and<or bar6s
WliR"oil it in 1<+ liter of 3ater
WliRStrain and cool
11G
WliRPut the remaining decoction in a clean container 3ith cover for ne0t
use
WliR'nly to be consumed 3ithin 1+ hours
W<ulR
WulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
WliR!94(%S& 1 cup of the 3ater from the decoction every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q1,211T& 1<+ cup of the 3ater from the decoction every
? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q121,T& 1<C cup of the 3ater from the decoction every ?
hours
W<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".R]+,1?W<8')%RW<tdRW<trRW<tableRW<bodyRW<htmlR
BI+I1BI TREE PO0+TICE.ht!#
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W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR"#(#:"#
%.EEW<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R#ba, Mamias, Molonanas,
Malingi3aW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<#bapngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
Wtd stylePIte0t2align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?R
W".RWbR"ilimbi %ree PoulticeW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBrind, crush or pound the bilimbi leaves 3ith a little oil, 3ater,
molasses or honey
WliRSpread on a s7uare of 3arm cloth or banana trun6, and applied to
affected area e0ternally
WliR'r applied directly to the affected areasW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
WliR9o this + times a day
W".R]+,1?
CASSA-A STARCH BATH.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR$!SS!N!W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR$!SS!N!W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R"alangai, Mamoteng
MahoyW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?R
WtableR WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$assavapngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
115
W".RWbR$assava Starch "athW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR.emove peelings and grate the tuber
WliRE0tract the juice
WliR!dd enough 3ater for a baby tub bath and boil
CHI++I /R0IT IN/0SION.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR$/#((#W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR$/#((#W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?RSiling2(abuyo, Pasiti, Siling2Palay,
MarumbalW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$hillipngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR$hilli #nfusionW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRPut ?21, grains of chilli fruit to a cup
WliRPour boiling 3ater on it, steep for 11 minutes and strain
WliR>et a cloth 3ith the infusion of the fruit
WliR!nd place it around the nec6
WliR!t the same time a small amount of infusion can be ta6en internally
W<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process at least ? times a dayW<ulRW<8')%R
W8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEPFR^W<8')%R
W8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R9o not use it regularly
#t 3ill cause inflammationW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I
bgcolorPI"(!$MIR
W".R]+,1?
CHI++I /R0IT TEA.ht!#
MarumbalW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?R
WtableR WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$hillipngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?RW".RWbR$hilli %eaW<bR
WulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR$ollect and cleaned some fresh fruits
WliRPut them into clean cup and pour boiling 3ater on it
WliRSteep for 11 minutes and strain
WliR9rin6 it right a3ay, do not let stay for longW<ulRWulR
1+,
WbR9osage&W<bRWliR!94(%S& 1 cup every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q1,211T& 1<+ cup every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q121,T& 1<C cup every ? hoursW<ulRW<8')%R
#t 3ill cause inflammationW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I
bgcolorPI"(!$MIR
W".R]+,1?
CHI++I +EA-ES )AR)+E.ht!#
MarumbalW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$hillipngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR$hilli (eaves BargleW<bRWulR WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR$ollect and clean 1, pieces of fresh chilli leaves
WliR"oil it in 1 cups of 3ater for 1, minutes
WliRStrain before useW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bRWliRBargle 1 tablespoon of decocted 3ater
WliR.epeat process at least ? times a day but not succeedingW<ulR
W<8')%RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEPFR^W<8')%R
#t 3ill cause inflammationW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".R]+,1?
CHI++I P+ASTER.ht!#
MarumbalW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?R
WtableR WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$hillipngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR$hilli as PlasterW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR$rush chilli fruits, mi0 3ith oil and apply on affected part
WliR(et it stay until the pain is gone
WiRW".R'.W<iRW".R
WliRPlace the cayenne po3der or chilli po3der in a bo3l
WliR!dd enough 3arm 3ater to ma6e a thic6 paste that can be easily
applied
1+1
WliR:a6e a 7uantity sufficient to cover the affected area
WliR!dd the 3ater in small increments, just until the mi0ture is thic6 but
not stiff
WliR!pply to affected areaW<ulRW<8')%R
#t 3ill cause inflammationW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
COCON0T DECOCTION.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR$'$')4% P!(:W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR$'$')4%
P!(:W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R)iyog, (ubi,
4ngutW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$oconut PalmpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR$oconut 9ecoctionW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned a handful of coconut roots
WliR"oil it in + cups of 3ater
WliR4sed it as soon as possibleW<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR$/#(9.E) Q1,211T& 1<+ cup of the 3ater from the decoction every
? hours
hours
COCON0T IN/0SION.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR$'$')4% P!(:W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR$'$')4%
P!(:W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R)iyog, (ubi,
4ngutW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$oconut PalmpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
Wtd stylePIte0t2align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M
S#HEP?R
W".RWbR$oconut #nfusion BargleW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bRWliRBather and cleaned a handful of young coconut
roots
WliRPour boiling 3ater over the collected young roots
WliRSteep for 11 minutes and strain
1++
WliR4se it right a3ay 3ith heat enough to your limitations
WliR4se it as garglesW<ulRWulR WbR9osage&W<bR
WliR%a6e 1 hour before or after mealsW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".R]+,1?
CO0NTR2 BORA)E.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR$'4)%.D "'.!BEW<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR$'4)%.D
"'.!BEW<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R'regano, Suganda, $lavo,
SilduW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<$ountry "oragepngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR$ountry "orage /eatedW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned ?2C country borage leaves
WliR/eat it just enough to dar6en the color of the leaves
WliR!pplied it EJ%E.)!((D to the affected area
W<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bRWliR.epeat process as neededW<ulR
W<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
CO0NTR2 BORA)E 80ICE /OR EDTERNA+.ht!#
"'.!BEW<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W".RWbR$ountry "orage JuiceW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned some country borage leaves
WliR$hopped some country borage leaves and then s7ueeAed to e0tract the juice
WliR!pply it to affected area as ointmentWliR4se the e0tracted juice as soon as
possible
WliR)ever prepare juice for use the ne0t dayW<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process at least ? times a dayW<ulRW<8')%R W<tdRW<trR
1+?
CO0NTR2 BORA)E 80ICE.ht!#
"'.!BEW<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W".RWbR$ountry "orage JuiceW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned some country borage leaves
WliR$hopped some country borage leaves and then s7ueeAed to e0tract the juice
WliR!pply it to affected area as ointmentWliR4se the e0tracted juice as soon as possible
WliR!94(%S& 1 drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q1,211T& ? drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q121,T& + drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q12+T& 1 drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every + hoursW<ulR
W<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I bgcolorPI"(!$MIR
Wimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P>/#%E
S#HEP1Rby 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey XW".R]+,1?
CO0NTR2 BORA)E PO0NDED /RESH +EA-ES.ht!#
"'.!BEW<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W".RWbR$ountry "orage Pounded 8resh (eavesW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned ?2C fresh country borage leavesWliRPound it
WliR!pplied it EJ%E.)!((D to the affected areaW<ulR WulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process as neededW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
/I-E:+EA/ CHASTE TREE DECOCTION.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR8#NE2(E!8 $/!S%E %.EEW<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR8#NE2(E!8 $/!S%E
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R(agundi, 9abtan, Mamalan,
(agundi, (imo2(imoW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?R
WtableR WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<(agundipngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR8ive2(eaf $haste %ree 9ecoctionW<bR WulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR3ash fresh or dried (agundi leaves
WliR$hop then add in C cups of 3ater for every 1 cup of lagundi parts
WliR(et it boil for 1, to 11 minutesWliR(et it steep then strain the various parts
WliR9rin6 half cup of (agundi
1+C
WliR(agundi concoction can be stored in suitable glass container for later consumption
W<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bRWliR.epeat process ? times a dayW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trR
S#HEP1Rby 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey XW".R]+,1?W<8')%RW<tdRW<trR
W<tableRW<bodyRW<htmlR
/I-E:+EA/ CHASTE TREE PO0NDED.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleR8#NE2(E!8 $/!S%E %.EEW<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR8#NE2(E!8 $/!S%E
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R(agundi, 9abtan, Mamalan,
(agundi, (imo2(imoW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?R
WtableR WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<(agundipngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR8ive2(eaf $haste %ree PoundedW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR!pply the pounded leaves on the forehead and templesW<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process if neededW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
)AR+IC DECCOTION.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleRB!.(#$W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCRB!.(#$W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R"a3ang,
!josW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BarlicpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?RW".RWbRBarlic
9ecoctionW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bRWliR$leaned some fresh garlic bulbs
WliR"oil it in + glasses of 3ater for 1, minutesWliRStrain before use
WliR:i0ed it 3ith coconut oilW<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR$/#(9.E) Q1,211T& 1<+ cup of the 3ater from the decoction every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q121,T& 1<C cup of the 3ater from the decoction every ? hoursW<ulR
S#HEP1Rby 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey XW".R]+,1?W<8')%R
)AR+IC EATEN RA..ht!#
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BarlicpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbRBarlic .a3W<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR$leaned fresh garlic bulb
WliR:i0ed ra3 garlic into salads and eat it as ra3W".R
WiR'.W<iR
WliR :aybe fried, roasted
WliRSoa6ed in vinegar for ?, minutes, or blanched in boiled 3ater for 11 minutesW<ulR
1+1
WulRWbR9osage&W<bRWliR%a6e + pieces ? times a day after mealsW<ulRW<8')%R
W<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I bgcolorPI"(!$MIR
)AR+IC 80ICE.ht!#
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BarlicpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?RW".RWbRBarlic JuiceW<bR
WliR$rushed some garlic bulbs and then s7ueeAed to e0tract the juice
WliR4se the e0tracted juice as soon as possible
WliR!94(%S& 1 drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q1,211T& ? drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q121,T& + drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every ? hours
WliR$/#(9.E) Q12+T& 1 drops of juice in a tablespoon of 3ater every + hoursW<ulR
)AR+IC RA. CAND2.ht!#
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BarlicpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbRBarlic .a3 $andyW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR>ash and peel a small piece of garlic bulb<s
WliR$he3 the peeled garlic bulb<s for a fe3 minutesW<ulRWulRWbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process if neededW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
S.EET BASI+ +EA-ES OR ROOTS DECOCTION.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleRS>EE% "!S#(W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCRS>EE%
"!S#(W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R"alanoi, Solasi, !lbaha6a, "oua6,
Malu3i, "iday, SangigW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<S3eet "asilpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbRS3eet "asil (eaves<.oots 9ecoctionW<bRWulR
WliRBather and cleaned 1,211 grams of s3eet basil leaves or roots
WliR"oil in 1 liter of 3ater for 11 minutes
WliR!nd strain
1+E
WliRPut the remaining decoction of the leaves or roots in a container
WliR!nd put it in a refrigerator for future useW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
)IN)ER CAND2.ht!#
WhtmlRWheadRWtitleRB#)BE.W<titleRW<headRWbodyR
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCRB#)BE.W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?R(uya, (aya, (uy2a,
!gatW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BingerpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbRBinger $andyW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR>ash and peel some rhiAomes of ginger and put over medium fire
WliR$he3 or eat as a candy the peeled ginger for a fe3 minutesWliRW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process as neededW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
)IN)ER DECOCTION.ht!#
W".RWbRBinger 9ecoction *Salabat-W<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRPeel fe3 rhiAomes of ginger
WliR"oil it in + cups of 3ater for 1, minutes
WliR9rin6 it as a teaW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process as needed W<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trR
by 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey X W".R]+,1?W<8')%RW<tdRW<trR
)IN)ER 80ICE.ht!#
1+F
W".RWbRBinger JuiceW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR$rushed some ginger rhiAome and then s7ueeAed to e0tract the juice
WliR4se the e0tracted juice as soon as possible
WliR.ubbed it on and around the navel W<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
WliR.epeat process as needed W<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
)IN)ER PO0NDED.ht!#
W8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?RW".RWbRBinger PoundedW<bR
WliRPeel some rhiAomes of ginger and put over medium fire
WliR>ith the use of mortar and pestle or any other utensils, pound the rhiAomin into
smaller peices
WliR!pply to affected area WliRW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
S#HEP1Rby 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey X W".R]+,1?W<8')%RW<tdRW<trR
)IN)ER STEA1 INHA+ATION.ht!#
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BingerpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?R
W".RWbRBinger Steam #nhilationW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned ginger rhiAomes
WliR"oil it in + cups of 3ater
WliR4se it as steam inhalation W<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
Wimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<R W8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P>/#%E
1+G
)0A-A BAR9 DECOCTION.ht!#
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WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<BuavapngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbRBuava "ar6 9ecoctionW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned 1C grams of chooped fresh guava bar6s or root bar6
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WbR9osage&W<bR
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)0A-A +EA-ES DECOCTION.ht!#
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9ecoctionW<bRWulRWbRProcedure&W<bR
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)0A-A PO0NDED.htn!#
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WbR9osage&W<bR
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8AC9 /R0IT +ATED.ht!#
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(an6aW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<Jac6fruitpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbRJac6 8ruit (ate0W<bRWulRWliR!pply EJ%E.)!((D the mil6y late0 of the tree
to the affected areaW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I
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XW".R]+,1?W<8')%RW<tdRW<trRW<tableRW<bodyRW<htmlR
8AC9 /R0IT TEA.ht!#
W".RWbRJac6 8ruit %eaW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
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WliR"oil it in + glasses of 3ater for 1, minutesW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
hoursW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I
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8AC9 /R0IT.ht!#
W".RWbRJac6 8ruitW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliREat lot of jac6 fruit to increase movement of your fecesW<ulRWulR
1?,
WbR9osage&W<bR
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Wtd stylePIte0t2align&centerI colspanPI+I bgcolorPI"(!$MIRWimg
srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P>/#%E S#HEP1R
by 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey XW".R]+,1?W<8')%RW<tdRW<trRW<tableR
W<bodyRW<htmlR
+E1ON )RASS DECOCTION.ht!#
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WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<(emon BrasspngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP+RW".RWbR(emon Brass
9ecoctionW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR"oil 1, leaves in + glasses of 3ater for 1, minutes
WliR!dd a tablespoon of sugar and one small piece of crushed gingerW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
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W<bodyRW<htmlR
+E1ON )RASS +INI1ENT.ht!#
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SalaiW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<(emon BrasspngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&(E8%IRW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?RW".RWbR(emon Brass
(iniment W<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliRBather and cleaned fresh lemon grass leaves
WliRE0tract its oil and mi0ed 3ith e7ual amounts of coconut oil
WliR4sed it as a liniment
WliR!pply to affected areaW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
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srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P>/#%E S#HEP1R
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+E1ON )RASS STEA1 BATH .ht!#
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1?1
S#HEP?RW".RWbR(emon Brass Steam "ath W<bRWulR
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colspanPI+I bgcolorPI"(!$MIRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK
1AN)OSTEEN RIND DECOCTION.ht!#
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:anggisW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<:angosteen%reepngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR:angosteen .ind 9ecoctionW<bRWulR
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WliRStrain and cool
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WliR'nly to be consumed 3ithin 1+ hoursW<ulRWulR
WbR9osage&W<bR
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W<bodyRW<htmlR
1A2ANA HEATED.ht!#
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:alainaW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
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W".RWbR:ayana /eatedW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR/eat 1, fresh leaves over the fire
WliR/eat only C leaves at a time
WliR!pply directly 3hile still hot over the forehead for frontal sinusitis, and over the
chee6s near the nose for ma0illary sinusitis
WliR.eplace the cold leaves 3ith the ne3ly heated ones till all 1, leaves are used
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colspanPI+I bgcolorPI"(!$MIRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK
ONION EATEN RA..ht!#
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1?+
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"lue S#HEPCR')#')W<8')%RW<$E)%E.R
W$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P.E9 S#HEP?RSibuyas, "ombay,
(asonaW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableRWtrRWtdRWimg
srcPI<e+g6b<images<'nionpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2align&(E8%IRW8')%
8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P"(!$M S#HEP?RW".RWbR'nionW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR$lean an onion bulb and eat it ra3
WliR'r mi0ed it into salads and eat it ra3W<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrRWtd stylePIte0t2
align&centerI colspanPI+I bgcolorPI"(!$MIRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<footerpngI<RW8')%
8!$EPK"iminiK $'('.P>/#%E S#HEP1Rby 9umalagan, /elaryn ( = Potestas, 9iorey
XW".R]+,1? W<8')%RW<tdRW<trRW<tableRW<bodyRW<htmlR
ONION .ITH HONE2.ht!#
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(asonaW<8')%RW<$E)%E.RW8')% 8!$EPI!rial, /elveticaI S#HEP?RWtableR
WtrRWtdRWimg srcPI<e+g6b<images<'nionpngI<RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
W".RWbR'nion 3ith /oneyW<bRWulR
WbRProcedure&W<bR
WliR:i0ed a little pure honey into onion
WliR!pplied EJ%E.)!((D to affected areaW<ulRW<8')%RW<tdRW<trRWtrR
1??
APPENDID D3 Techn'ca# 1anua#
Ho5 to do5n#oad and 'n%ta## egDro'd +'te
1 .egister your phone to google play through Play Store application :a6e sure
that it is connected to the internet and that your phone is supports e+g9roid
E+g9roid could be installed in mobile phones 3ith !ndroid version +? or better
+ )o3 do3nload e+g9roid (ite
%here are t3o 3ays to do3nload e+g9roid, one is via Play Store from your
phone and the other is through P$ using the Google Play
1 #f using your phone to do3nload e+g9roid, open Play Store /o3ever if
you 3ant to do3nload it through P$, open Google Play by typing
https&<<playgooglecom on your bro3ser@s address bar Play Store is an
!ndroid phone application version of Google Play, thus, both redirect you
to playgooglecom 8igure 91 is a screenshot of the 3ebsite
1?C
/'gure D.1. )oog#e P#ay ho!e page.
+ 'n the search bar type e+g9roid or e+g9roid (ite
? ! list of matches appears on the screen $lic6 e+g9roi (ite
C $lic6 nstall
1 $lic6 !cce"t and #o$nload
E ! notification 3ill appear after a fe3 minutes that the phone is do3nloading
the application %he installation is done automatically after the application is
successfully do3nloaded
F %o chec6 that everything is done correctly, on your phone@s menu the
e+g9roid application should be seen 3ith figure 9+ as its official logo and a
folder named e%gkb should be created on your micro S9
1?1
/'gure D.. The off'c'a# #ogo of egDro'd +'te.
Ho5 to %tart the con%u#tat'on
1 Bo to e+g9roid (ite
+ %he screen 3ould loo6 li6e figure 9?
/'gure D.$. Ho!e Screen.
? (oad the 6no3ledge base, li6e in figure 9? (oo6 for the 6no3ledge base from
the drop2list menu #f the 6no3ledge base is from the internet clic6 the S9 button
1?E
to change it into >E"
C $lic6 M" (oad to finally load the 6no3ledge base into the shell to start the
consultation :a6e sure not to clic6 M" 9elete for it 3ill delete the 6no3ledge
base
1 #f the 6no3ledge base is successfully loaded, a Start button 3ill be added to the
interface li6e in figure 9C
/'gure D.*. 9no5#edge "a%e '% %ucce%%fu##y #oaded to the %he##.
E $lic6 Start
F Start the consultation by choosing the appropriate ans3er to each 7uestions and
clic6 S&B'( button )'%E& in some cases li6e entering your body
temperature clic6 bac6 button to hide the 6eypad to vie3 the buttons created by
the shell
1?F
'n each screen there are three *?- buttons& Submit)2to submit the response for
each 7uestions; Why*)+ to vie3 the rules that 3ill e0plain 3hy such 7uestion is as6ed;
and Exit)2to terminate the session !dditional button appears after the first 7uestion, and
that is Go Back %his button 3ill navigate you to the previous 7uestions
APPENDID E3 Re%ource Per%on%
1?G
Prof :anuel $$abido
!SS'$#!%E P.'8ESS'. N
9epartment of #nformation %echnology
:S42#ligan #nstitute of %echnology
Prof (omesindo % $aparida, Ph9
!SS'$#!%E P.'8ESS'. N
Prof !drian Balido
!SS#S%!)% P.'8ESS'. #N
9r :uhammad : Putting, :9
:edical 'fficer ###
:S42##% $linic 9epartment
Policarpio $ainoy, 9:)/
/erbalist
9o6 !lternatibo $linic, #ligan "ranch
1?5
APPENDID /3 Curr'cu#u! -'tae
B'"#'ography
"oo6s
9ebenham, John *15G5- (he m"lementation o, Ex"ert, -no$ledge+Based
System. 4S!& :organ Maufmann Publishers #nc
9ur6in, J *155G- Ex"ert System #e.elo"ment (ools. $.$ Press
9e BuAman2(adion, /ermia *15G1- /ealing Wonders o, /erbs. :anila,
1C,
Philippines& Philippine Publishing /ouse
8errell, Nance, !rchbold, Edgar E :9, and $herne, /arold : :9, *+,,C-
0atural Remedies Encyclo"edia. 4S!& /arvestime "oo6s
(uger, Beorge 8 and Stubblefield >illiam ! *155G- !rti,icial ntelligence1
Structures and Strategies ,or 2om"lex Problem Sol.ing. (ondon& !ddison2>esley
(ongman
(uger, Beorge 8 *+,,1- !rti,icial ntelligence Structures and Strategies ,or
2om"lex "roblem Sol.ing 3
th
ed.. 4S!& !ddison2>esley
.ussell, Stuart, and )orvig, Peter *1551- !rti,icial ntelligence1 ! 'odern
!""roach 4S!&Prentice2/all, #nc
Simeon :argdis :9, Ph 9 *+,,?- 4ohn5s /o"kins Sym"toms and Remedies
4S&:edletters !ssociates
Nermesan, !nca # *1555- 8oundation and !pplication of E0pert System
Nerification and Nalidation $.$ Press
>aterman 9onald ! *15GE- ! Guide to Ex"ert Systems. :assachusetts& !ddison2
>esley
Proceedings
Emberey, $( *+,,F- !""lication o, -no$ledge Engineering 'ethodologies to
Su""ort Engineering #esign !""lication #e.elo"ment in !eros"ace Paper
presented at the F
th
!#!! !viation, %echnology, #ntegration and 'perations
$onference *!%#'-, "elfast, )orthern #reland
Po3erPoint
ntroduction to -no$ledge Engineering. QPo3erPoint slidesT !vailable&
1C1
333common6adsuvanl<#)8'<course2slides<,12introppt *)ovember +?, +,11-
Soft3are
/erbs Q$omputer soft3areT $hoiceland, $!& Hentrum Publishing
>eb Pages
*+,,5, :ay +F- .ural !reas Suffer most from Poor /ealth $are System, says
!ngara QonlineT!vailable&http&<<333senategovph<press\release<+,,5<
,1+F\angara1asp *:arch 1?, +,1+-
*+,1,- 4sing /erbal :edicines Safely L ! Practical Buide QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<333naturalhealthcureorg<healing2medicinal2herbs<using2herbal2
medicines2remedies2safelyhtml *'ctober +,, +,11-
*+,11, !pril 1G- "ring health care to rural using #$%&solon QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<ne3sbytesph<+,11<,C<1G<bring2health2care2to2rural2areas2using2ict2solon
*:arch +,, +,1+-
*+,11- Philippine /erbal :edicine QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<333medicalhealthguidecom<philippineherbalmedicinehtm *'ctober +1,
+,11-
*+,1+- (ist of Philippine /erbal :edicinal Plants QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<333stuart0changeorg<$omplete(isthtml *9ecember 5, +,11-
!braham, !jith *+,,1- .ule2"ased E0pert Systems QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<as3ileycom<>iley$9!<>iley%itle<product$d2,CF11,C5?,html
*)ovember 1+, +,11-
!dedeji "odunde "adiru, J $ *+,1+, :arch ?- .etrieved from
http&<<boo6sgooglecomph<boo6sY
1C+
idPC0>G#dfcims$=printsecPfrontcover=hlPfilVvPonepage=7=fPfalse
$ha6raborty, .$ *+,1,- Ex"ert Systems. QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<333myreadersinfo<,F\E0pert\Systemspdf* !pril 11, +,1+-
$hristopher /obbs@ /erbal Prescriber 9atabase *+,1+- QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<christopherhobbscom<database *)ovember 11, +,11-
E / Shortliffe, ! $ *+,1?, :arch C- .etrieved from #nternational Joint
$onference on !rtificial #ntelligence >eb Site& http&<<ijcaiorg<Past
_+,Proceedings < #J$!#2G12N'(2+<P98<,1Fpdf
Eldrandaly Mhalid *+,,F- !n #ntelligent :$9: !pproach for Selecting the
Suitable E0pert System "uilding %ool QonlineT !vailable& 333ccis+6org
*)ovember 1,, +,11-
Engelmore, .obert S and 8eigenbaum, Ed3ard, *:ay 155?- E0pert Systems and
!rtificial #ntelligence QonlineT !vailble& http&<<3333tecorg *)ovember +,,
+,11-
8reeman2/argis, James, *+,,1- .ule2"ased Systems and #dentification %rees
QonlineT !vailable& http&<<333teach2ictcom<as\a+<topics<rule\based\systems<
pages< .ule"asedhtml *)ovember +, +,11-
8riedman2/ill, Ernest J *155F- 4ess, (he 4a.a Ex"ert System Shell QonlineT
!vailable& http&<<herAbergcasandiagov<jess *'ctober +1, +,11-
Jess, the .ule Engine for the Java Platform *+,,G- QonlineT !vailable&
333jessrulescom *'ctober +G, +,11-
(iao, Shu2/sien *+,,1- E0pert System :ethodologies and !pplications L a
decade revie3 from 1551 to +,,C Ex"ert Systems $ith !""lications, %678), 5?2
1C?
1,? QonlineT !vailable&
http&<<333sciencedirectcom<science<journal<,51FC1FC<+G<1 *)ovember +E,
+,11-
(ouise, .ita *nd- /erbal !ctions Buide #n Body, 'ind 9 Soul /ealer QonlineT
!vailable& http&<<333soulhealercom<herb_+,actionshtm *)ovember 11, +,11-
:urray, James *+,11- $loud )et3or6 !rchitecture and #$% ( -no$ledge
Exchange QonlineT !vailable& http&<<it6no3ledgee0changetechtargetcom<
modern2net3or62architecture<cloud2net3or62architecture2and2ict< *9ecember 1+,
+,11-
:urthy, : N .amana *nd- 'obile Based Primary /ealth 2are System ,or
Rural ndia QonlineT !vailble&
http&<<3333?org<+,,G<,+<:SC9\>S<papers<cdac2mobile2healthcare2paperpdf
*:ay C, +,1+-
'ladosu, John ", = !dedeji, 'luyin6a % *+,11- :!P#!1:irst !id
Pharmaceutical #igital !ssistant >orld $ongress on Engineering and $omputer
Science +,11 Nol 1 QonlineT !vailable& <<333iaengorg<publication *)ovember
1?, +,11-
Parmar, Nandana, 9!, :9 *+,,1- /erbal 'edicines1 ts (oxic E,,ects and #rug
nteractions QonlineT !vailable& http&<<333theiaforumorg *!pril 1E, +,1+-
Prasad,., .anjan M, Sinha, !, Prasad, : *+,,?- &sing ES(! to de.elo"
Ex"ert System ,or the 0atural Resource 'anagement. QonlineT !vailable&
333gisdevelopmentnet<technology<ip<pdf<EEpdf *:arch ++, +,1?-
Xuac6ery *+,11- #n (he :ree #ictionary QonlineT !vailable& http&<<medical2
1CC
dictionarythefreedictionarycom<Xuac6Udoctor *)ovember 11, +,11-
Shiel, >illiam $ :9 !nd /echt, 8rederic6 :9 *+,,G- /erbs& %o0icities and
9rug #nteractions QonlineT !vailable& http&<<333medicinenetcom<script<
main<artaspYarticle6eyPF1,E *!pril 1E, +,1+-
Nermesan, !nca # *155E). 9eveloping verifiable 6no3ledge based systems.
QonlineT !vailable& http&<<333fouuibno<drgrad<155E<C1?,,C<inde0html
*)ovember E, +,11-
>ong, $athy *+,,G- 1, $ommon /erb :ista6es L !nd /o3 to !void %hem
QonlineT
!vailable&http&<<altmedicineaboutcom<od<herbsupplementguide<a<herb\mista6es
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11 "ac6ground of the Study1
1+ Statement of the Problem1
1? .esearch 'bjectives1
1?1 Beneral 'bjective1
1?+ Specific 'bjectives1
1C Scope and (imitation1
1C1 Scope of the .esearch1
1C+ (imitations of the .esearch1
11 Significance of the .esearch+
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+++ .evie3 on E0pert System ShellsC
+++1 E0pert System Shell for %e0t !nimation *ES%!-C
++++ Java E0pert System Shell *Jess-C
+++? E0sys $orvidC
+++C Summary of the .evie3ed ShellsC
+? /erbal :edicationC
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C11 9ocumentation PhaseF
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$onclusion and .ecommendationsCE
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8igure 11, .esolution %ree for 9iagnosing Parasitic >ormsF5
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8igure 11C "o3el EvacuationG1
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Developing an Android Expert System for Diagnosing Illnesses and Prescribing Herbal Remedies

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Developing an Android Expert System for Diagnosing Illnesses and Prescribing Herbal Remedies

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