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This document discusses several categories of high incidence disabilities:
1. Learning disabilities are disorders that affect one's ability to understand or use language, read, write, spell, or do math. Students with learning disabilities may struggle with reading, writing, organization, memory, or processing speed despite average or higher intelligence.
2. Behavioral/emotional disabilities involve inappropriate behavior, poor relationships, unhappiness, anxiety, or conduct issues. Students may act out, withdraw, have motor issues or bizarre behaviors, mood swings, or psychosis.
3. Intellectual disabilities involve delayed cognitive, language, social, and behavioral development according to three criteria.
4. Attention deficit disorders involve difficulty sust
Originalbeschreibung:
notes on children with high incidence disabilities
This document discusses several categories of high incidence disabilities:
1. Learning disabilities are disorders that affect one's ability to understand or use language, read, write, spell, or do math. Students with learning disabilities may struggle with reading, writing, organization, memory, or processing speed despite average or higher intelligence.
2. Behavioral/emotional disabilities involve inappropriate behavior, poor relationships, unhappiness, anxiety, or conduct issues. Students may act out, withdraw, have motor issues or bizarre behaviors, mood swings, or psychosis.
3. Intellectual disabilities involve delayed cognitive, language, social, and behavioral development according to three criteria.
4. Attention deficit disorders involve difficulty sust
This document discusses several categories of high incidence disabilities:
1. Learning disabilities are disorders that affect one's ability to understand or use language, read, write, spell, or do math. Students with learning disabilities may struggle with reading, writing, organization, memory, or processing speed despite average or higher intelligence.
2. Behavioral/emotional disabilities involve inappropriate behavior, poor relationships, unhappiness, anxiety, or conduct issues. Students may act out, withdraw, have motor issues or bizarre behaviors, mood swings, or psychosis.
3. Intellectual disabilities involve delayed cognitive, language, social, and behavioral development according to three criteria.
4. Attention deficit disorders involve difficulty sust
Categories of Student Differences Academic Prior knowledge Reading level Content knowledge - Concepts - Skills Language Social & Emotional Interests Learning styles Motivation Gender Self-efficacy Learning Habits Effort Relationships Cognitive Developmental reach Schemas Working memory Thinking skills Learning rate
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Learning Disabilities Definition: A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes used in understanding or in using language, spoken, or written Characteristics: A SLD may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Average or better intelligence. Academic Difficulties: Discrepancy between IQ & academic performance Poor handwriting Reading problems Processing problems- reading comprehension Written expression Social-Emotional Difficulties: May be easily distracted Hyperactivity Low self-concept Learned helplessness Motivation Behavioral problems Social problems Cognitive Difficulties: Difficulty with coordination-gross motor Organizational problems Perceptual Memory Problem solving Metacognition Study skills Test-taking Multi-leveled projects/tasks
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Behavioral/Emotional Disabilities Definition: An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers; Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings used under normal circumstances; A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. Characteristics: Conduct disorder: Students may seek attention, are disruptive and act out. Anxiety/withdrawal: These students are self- conscious, reticent, and unsure of themselves. They typically have low self- esteem and withdraw from immediate activities. They are also anxious and frequently depressed. Psychotic behavior: This student displays more bizarre behaviors than others do. They may hallucinate, may deal in a fantasy world, and may even talk in gibberish. Motor excess: Students with motor excess are hyperactive. They cannot sit still nor listen to others nor keep their attention focused Immaturity (inappropriate crying, temper tantrums, poor coping skills); Learning difficulties (academically performing below grade level) Bizarre motor acts Abnormal mood swings Some children may also have severe psychosis or schizophrenia
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Intellectual Disabilities Definition: An individual is considered to have mental disabilities based on the following three criteria: 1.
2.
3.
Characteristics:
Specifically-
Sustaining attention Use of Mediational Strategies Memory Generalized Learning Motivation Cognitive Development Language Development Social Skills & Behavior
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Attention Deficit Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Definition: ADD= Attention Deficit Disorder is typically found in students that experience difficulty sustaining prolonged attention to task and/or process information at such a rate that information retrieval is fragmented at best. ADHD=
Characteristics: Predominantly Inattentive:
Difficulty sustaining attention
Does not follow directions/instructions
Avoids/Procrastinates in engaging tasks
Easily distracted by external stimuli
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive: Fidgets with hands and squirms
Runs about or climbs excessively
Talks excessively
Blurts out answers prematurely
Interrupts or intrudes on others
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Speech & Language Impairment Definition:
Characteristics: 3 Main types of speech disorders: Articulation
Amy Rowley, by Her Parents and Natural Guardians, Clifford and Nancy Rowley, and Clifford and Nancy Rowley, in Their Own Right v. The Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District, Westchester County, and the Commissioner of Education of the State of New York, 632 F.2d 945, 2d Cir. (1980)