MEDICAL

PARASITOLOGY
MEDICAL
MEDICAL
PARASITOLOGY
PARASITOLOGY
Glossary
Glossary
Parasitology
Parasitology
Parasite
Parasite
Host
Host
Intermediate host
Intermediate host
Final host
Final host
Monoxenous
Monoxenous
Heteroxenous
Heteroxenous
Larve
Larve
Vector
Vector

Symbiosis
Symbiosis

Commensalisms
Commensalisms

Mutualism
Mutualism

Parasitism
Parasitism

Saprophytisme
Saprophytisme
Type of parasites
Type of parasites

Ectoparasites (Ectozoa)
Ectoparasites (Ectozoa)
Exp
Exp
: louse, tick, mite, flea.
: louse, tick, mite, flea.

Endoparasites (Entozoa)
Endoparasites (Entozoa)
Exp
Exp
: plasmodium sp.
: plasmodium sp.

facultative parasites
facultative parasites
Exp
Exp
: microscopic mould.
: microscopic mould.

accidental (occasional) parasites

accidental (occasional) parasites
Exp
Exp
: myriapode.
: myriapode.
Type of parasites
Type of parasites

Obligatory parasites
Obligatory parasites
Exp
Exp
: plasmodium sp.
: plasmodium sp.

Permanent parasites
Permanent parasites
Exp
Exp
: itch mites.
: itch mites.

Temporary parasites
Temporary parasites
Exp
Exp
: flea, mosquito.
: flea, mosquito.

Periodic parasites
Periodic parasites
Exp
Exp
: Ankylostoma duodenalis.
: Ankylostoma duodenalis.
Type of parasites
Type of parasites

Erratic parasites
Erratic parasites
Exp
Exp
:
:
Ascaris into fallopian tubes
Ascaris into fallopian tubes
.
.

Specific parasites
Specific parasites
Exp
Exp
:
:
Ascaris
Ascaris
.
.
Nomenclature of parasites
Nomenclature of parasites
G
G
enus +
enus +
s
s
pecies
pecies
Exp
Exp
:
:
A
A
scaris
scaris
l
l
umbricoides
umbricoides
Linnaeus
Linnaeus
.
.
Studying methods of parasites
Studying methods of parasites

Important point for studying of a parasites
Important point for studying of a parasites
.
.

Discovery history of a parasite

Discovery history of a parasite
.
.

Geographic distribution
Geographic distribution
.
.

Inhabit of parasites in host body

Inhabit of parasites in host body
.
.

Morphology of parasites
Morphology of parasites
.
.

Life cycle of parasites

Life cycle of parasites
.
.

Situation of infection
Situation of infection
.
.
Studying methods of parasites
Studying methods of parasites

parasite effect on host

parasite effect on host
.
.

body reaction against parasites

body reaction against parasites
.
.

diagnostic methods of parasites

diagnostic methods of parasites
.
.

treatment
treatment
.
.

prevention of parasitic disease

prevention of parasitic disease
.
.
Life cycle of parasites
Life cycle of parasites
How to study an infection?
Important point of parasitic infection.
1- Transmission
2- Entry way.
3- parasites spreading.
General methods of transmission
General methods of transmission
Contaminated food and water.
Exp: amoeba , T- Saginata
Skin contamination.
Exp: larvae of ankylostoma.
bite of mosquito.
Effects of Parasites on human body
Effects of Parasites on human body
Toxic effects
Toxic effects
:
:

Exp:
Exp:
mosquito
mosquito
and
and
Ascaris
Ascaris
:
:
Prohibitive
Prohibitive
effects
effects

Exp:
Exp:
Ankylostoma
Ankylostoma
or
or
Ascaris
Ascaris


Irritable and inflammatory effects
Irritable and inflammatory effects
:
:

Exp:
Exp:
E . Histolytica
E . Histolytica
mechanical effects
mechanical effects
:
:

Exp:
Exp:
Ascaris
Ascaris
Body reaction against parasites
Body reaction against parasites
1
1
-
-
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
2
2
-
-
Eosinophilia
Eosinophilia
3
3
-
-
Tumoric reaction
Tumoric reaction
(
(
liver abscess
liver abscess
)
)
4
4
-
-
Cystic reaction
Cystic reaction
(
(
liver hydatid cyst
liver hydatid cyst
)
)
5
5
-
-
Homoral reaction
Homoral reaction
6
6
-
-
Cellular reaction
Cellular reaction
Body syndromes against parasites
Body syndromes against parasites
Heat syndromes
Heat syndromes
: ( malaria )
: ( malaria )
Dysenteric syndromes
Dysenteric syndromes
: ( amoebiasis )
: ( amoebiasis )
Hepatic syndromes
Hepatic syndromes
: ( hydatid cyst )
: ( hydatid cyst )
Skin syndromes
Skin syndromes
: ( lieshmania )
: ( lieshmania )
Diagnosis of parasitic diseases
Diagnosis of parasitic diseases

Direct diagnosis
Direct diagnosis
:
:

Blood
Blood
:
:
plasmodium, trypanosoma,
plasmodium, trypanosoma,
microfilaria by (
microfilaria by (
Giemza
Giemza
)
)

L.C.R
L.C.R
:
:
trypanosome and toxoplasma.
trypanosome and toxoplasma.

Sputum
Sputum
:
:
paragonimus westermanii.
paragonimus westermanii.

Mouth
Mouth
:
:
Amoeba gingivalis and mycoses.
Amoeba gingivalis and mycoses.

Duodenal intubation:
Duodenal intubation:
Giardia and
Giardia and
trematode eggs
trematode eggs
Direct diagnosis
Direct diagnosis

Stool
Stool
:
:
protozoaire
protozoaire
cyst
cyst
and
and
trophozoite
trophozoite
,
,
egg
egg
of
of
ascaris ,oxyure, ankylostoma, taenias,
ascaris ,oxyure, ankylostoma, taenias,
schistosomas, fasciola hp and buski
schistosomas, fasciola hp and buski

..
..

Macroscopic
Macroscopic
: Adult of ascaris and oxyure,
: Adult of ascaris and oxyure,
Segments of taenias
Segments of taenias

Urine
Urine
: eggs of S
: eggs of S
-
-
haematobium.
haematobium.

Secretion of vagina
Secretion of vagina
: trichomonas vaginalis
: trichomonas vaginalis

Skin biopsy
Skin biopsy
: lieshmania.
: lieshmania.
Indirect diagnosis
Indirect diagnosis

Serologic test
Serologic test
: Fleig precipitation for
: Fleig precipitation for
hydatid kyst
hydatid kyst
.
.

Skin test
Skin test
: Casoni test for hydatid kyst and
: Casoni test for hydatid kyst and
Montenegro test for lieshmaniasis.
Montenegro test for lieshmaniasis.

Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence
: antigen
: antigen
-
-
antibody
antibody
Treatment of parasitic disease
Treatment of parasitic disease

Specific drugs
Specific drugs

Antibiotics
Antibiotics

Drug
Drug
tendency for destroy
tendency for destroy
of parasites.
of parasites.

Full treatment
Full treatment
Prophylaxis of parasitic disease
Prophylaxis of parasitic disease
hygiene
hygiene
.
.


Control of infection source (infect individual)
Control of infection source (infect individual)

Insecticide drugs
Insecticide drugs
: Malathion, Toxaphen,
: Malathion, Toxaphen,




Crotamin, Oldrin, Lindan, Pyrethrine,
Crotamin, Oldrin, Lindan, Pyrethrine,
Chlordane and DDT
Chlordane and DDT
Classification of parasites
Protozoar
unicellular
CLASS
FLAGELLATA
CLASS
CILIATA
CLASS
SPOROZOA
CLASS
SARCODINA
Metazoair
polycellular
HELMINTHES ARTHROPODS
PHYLUM
PLATY HELMINTE
PHYLUM
NEMAT HELMINTE
CLASS
NEMATODA
CLASS
CESTODA
CLASS
TREMATODA