INFINITIVE AND ING FORMS

THE INFINITIVE: Its the verb preceded by to. It is used

1. After some adjectives: Amazed, afraid, anxious, ashamed, delighted, eager, glad, happy, pleased, surprised
a. We were happy to hear the good news.
2. After some adverbs: Too, enough: Shes too young to drive. Shes old enough to drive
3. After some verbs like:
a. We agreed to meet at 7.
b. He refused to come to the party
c. He threatened to call the police
d. We managed to arrive on time despite the traffic
e. We decided to stay at home because of the weather
f. We cant afford to buy a new car
g. Others: hope, ask, expect, promise, offer, fail, intend, plan, appear, seem, pretend, learn, dare, tend, teach
4. After some verbs + object + infinitive
a. My parents want me to go to university
b. I asked Tom to help me
c. We expected him to be late
d. He would like me to come
e. We helped him ( to) do the work
f. We made him (to) do the work
g. Others: enable, order, remind, tell, force, invite, persuade, warn, beg
5. Some verbs of perception: hear, feel see, and make, let are followed by an infinitive without to
a. Hot weather makes me feel uncomfortable
b. I wont let you go
c. I heard him cry
THE ING FORMS OR GERUNDS: apart from being used in continuous tenses can also be used in the following cases:
1. As the subject of a sentence: Eating fruit is good for your health. Swimming is a complete exercise
2. After certain expressions :
a. Im fed up with doing the same every day
b. She was surprised at meeting him
c. We were angry with working on Sunday
3. After certain verbs:
The Love-Hate group
a. I like meeting people
b. I prefer swimming to running
c. I enjoy being alone
d. I dont mind working at night
e. Ann hates flying
f. I cant stand living here
g. I cant bear working at weekend
h. I cant help eating my nails
i. James is fond of collecting stamps
j. Im used to getting up early
k. Its worth buying in this shop
l. Its no use trying to convince her.
m. I feel like eating an ice cream now.


The begin-stop-continue group
n. He finished studying late
o. He kept smoking all his life
p. I began crying Also I began to cry
q. He started making noise Also He started
to make noise
The Avoid-excuse group
r. He avoided meeting me
s. He delayed travelling there
t. He postponed telling me the news
Others:
u. I suggested staying at home
v. He admitted/denied stealing the money
w. I considered going to live abroad
x. I cant imagine George riding a bike
y. Going on diet involves giving up sugar

4. In Verb + Object + Preposition + Ing form
a. They accused Edward Stuart of having ried to seize the British throne
b. They congratulated the English on having defeated the Scottish army
c. Edward Stuart could never forgive the English for taking control over Scotland
d. His parents couldnt stop him from doing what he wanted
e. She thanked me for helping her
VERBS FOLLOWED BY TO INFINITIVE OR ING FORM
1. With difference in meaning: forget, regret, remember, stop, try:
They Ing form is usually used to refer to a past action and the To infinitive to a future action
REMEMBER/FORGET
A) To Infinitive: you remember/forget to do something before you do it
I remembered to lock the door but I forgot to shut the window
Remember to post these letters/ Dont forget to post these letters.
B) Ing form: you remember/ forget doing something after you do it.
I clearly remember locking the door before I left
He can remember hearing a strange noise in his neighbours flat.
REGRET: similar to remember/forget
A) To Infinitive: I regret to say I wont be able to go with you tomorrow (to say or to inform about bad news).
(now) (present or future)
B) Ing form: I regret making Mr Jones angry last week. (to be sorry about something that happened in the past)
(now) (past)

TRY:
A) To infinitive: means attempt: `I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldnt
B) Ing form: making an experiment to see if it works: Ive got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didnt
help.

MEAN:
A) To infinitive: intend or have the intention to do something. Im sorry I made you cry. I didnt mean to hurt you.
B) Ing form: involve: If we leave Granada too late, it will mean driving at night.

STOP:
A) To infinitive: To stop in order to do something different. He was walking and stopped to talk to me
B) Ing form: To put an end to, to cease: He stopped smoking.

2. VERB +TO INFINITIVE OR ING FORM: advise, recommend, encourage, allow, permit
There are two possible structures after these verbs:
A) If there is no object we use the Ing form
He advised paying attention to the warnings. She recommended being cautious. He allowed smoking in his pub
B) If there is an object we use the infinitive
He advised me to pay attention to the warnings. She recommended me to be cautious. He allowed me to smoke .