DaysimPSU

User Manual
May 2010
Authored by Richard Mistrick, Ph.D.
Penn State Universityy
This version of Daysim is a revision/expansion to the existing Daysim
program distributed by the National Research Council of Canada. These
revisions were performed at the Pennsylvania State University, University p y y, y
Park, PA, USA under the direction of Richard Mistrick, and were funded by
Samsung C&T of Seoul, Korea.
[Program Setup: Install the downloadable version of Daysim, then copy the Daysim PSU
revised files into the Daysim\bin windows folder replacing any existing files ]
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revised files into the Daysim\bin_windows folder, replacing any existing files.]
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StartDaysimbutexecutingtheshortcuttotheDaysimEXE.jarfileinthe
Daysim\bin windows folder Daysim\bin_windowsfolder.
[1] Tobegincreatinganewfile,selectFILEthenNEW.
[2] Enterthepathandnameoftheprojectheaderfileyouwouldliketouse,
thenclickOK.The.heaextensionisrequired.
TIP Inmostcases,itisbesttocreateanewfolderonyourharddriveinwhich
theheaderfileandallassociatedfilesforthisprojectwillbelocated.
Otherwise,youwillhavefilesfrommultipleprojectsinthesamefolder.
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[1] SelectSITEthenLOADCLIMATEFILE.
[2] Selectthetypeofweatherfile,.EPWor.WEA,thatyouhavedownloaded
andhaveavailableforyoursite,thenclicknextandbrowseforyourfile.
Agoodsourcefor.EPWfilesis:
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/weather_data.cfm
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[1] Selectanappropriatetimestep.Forafasteranalysis,select60minutes.If
youselectashortertimeperiod,skyconditionswillbepermittedtofluctuate
b h l d d h h f l aboutthevaluesprovidedintheweatherfile.
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[1] UndertheBUILDINGtab,selectIMPORTOCCUPANCYFILEtoloadaDaysim
.occfilethatliststhehoursofoperationforthespace.Moredetailsonthe
structureofthisfileareprovidedonthefollowingpage.
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Anoccupancyfile(.occ)isanASCIItextfile
indicatingwhenthespaceisoccupiedwith
h li h i i d li h
OccupancyFileFormat
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thelightsinoperationandliststhese
operatingconditionsovertheentireyear.
Thedaysoftheweekareenteredintothis
fileasMo,Tu,We,Th,Fr,Sa,Su.Thefirst
lineofthefile[1] initializestheyearbased
on the day of the week that should be
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onthedayoftheweekthatshouldbe
assignedtoJanuary1.
[2] Enterdifferentspansofdatestospecify
occupancybasedonthedaysoftheweek,
withthehoursofthedayrangingfrom024
asshown.Occupancycanrangefrom0to1,
with1indicatingoccupancy100%ofthe
timeduringthistimeinterval.Fractionsof
fulloccupancyareappliedtotheannual
energycalculationsthatDaysimperforms.
D li ht t d th h ld
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Daylightautonomyandthreshold
illuminancecalculationswillbeperformed
fortimesthathaveoccupancyof50%or
greater.
[3] Schedules for individual dates, such as [3] Schedulesforindividualdates,suchas
holidays,mayalsobeentered.
Daylightsavingstimeislikelytobeafuture
addition,butmustbeenteredasachangeto
thescheduleatthepresenttime.
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[1] SelectBUILDING,thenIMPORT3DBUILDINGMODEL,thenselectoneofthe
availableformats.
[2] Ifyouareusingthe.radformat,youcanbuildyourmodelinAutoCAD,then
useDXF2RAD(http://www.schorsch.com/download/dxf2rad/)toconvertthe
polygonsinyour.dxffiletothe.radformat.Itisbesttobuildmodelsas3dfaces.
YouwillthenneedtoaddRadiancematerialdescriptionsatthebeginningofthe
.radfile,orinaseparate.radfile.Withdxf2rad,layernamesareconvertedto
materialnamesbyplacinganl_infrontoftheAutoCADlayername.For
example,polygonsinalayernamedfloorwillbeassignedamaterialnamethat
isl_floor.MaterialdescriptionsandformatscanbefoundattheRadiance
website:http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/refer/ray.html#Materials.
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[1] Toimportabuildingmodel,browsetoaddthe.RADfilesforthebaseroom
model (adjustable interior blinds or shades will be added later) You can select model(adjustableinteriorblindsorshadeswillbeaddedlater).Youcanselect
morethanonefileatatimeusingtheCTRLkey.[2] ClickonADDFILEonceyou
havethefilesselected.[3] Ifyouhaveamaterialfile,placeitatthetopofthelist
usingMOVEUP,otherwiseRadiancewillencounteranerrorifamaterialthatis
assignedtoapolygonhasnotyetbeendefinedasDaysimprocessesthesefiles.
[4] After all files have been added click on IMPORT BUILDING DATA INTO [4] Afterallfileshavebeenadded,clickonIMPORTBUILDINGDATAINTO
EXISTINGPROJECT.
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[1] Afterafewseconds,yourbuilding/roommodelshouldappearonthe
screen.YoucanchangetheVIEWPOINTandUPDATEVIEWtoviewthe
modelfromadifferentangle.Ifyourbuildingisrotatedunderthe
BUILDINGtab,itwillberotatedwithinthisview.
[2] SelecttheappropriateIMPORTUNITS,thenselectCONFIRM.Next,
selecttheDISPLAYUNITSyouwouldlikeDaysimtodisplay.[3]
[4] ClickonCREATESENSORtocreateananalysisgridacrossthespace,or
enterthenameofanexistingpointfileunderLOADSENSORS[5].
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WhencreatinganewSensorPointFile,youfirstneedtoselectthelayersthat
contain the floor materials to define the shape of the area over which the containthefloormaterialstodefinetheshapeoftheareaoverwhichthe
analysispointsshouldbeplacedbylistingthemundertheFLOORMATERIALS
pulldownmenu[1].Daysimwillincludelayerscontainingpolygonsthatlieon
thegroundplaneasastartingpoint,inwhichcaseexteriorgroundpolygonsmay
alsobelisted.Youcantransferexteriorgroundmaterialorotherlayersbetween
theFLOORMATERIALSlist(leftside)andtheROOMMATERIALSlist(rightside)
usingthearrowkeys[2] andthepulldownmenu.
[3] Next,completethex,yandzentriesforGRIDSPACING,GRIDOFFSET
(positionrelativetothelowerleftstartingpoint),andtheSENSORORIENTATION.
NotethattheZgridspacingisgenerally0,otherwisepointsindifferentcolumns
f l i i ill b l d diff h i h
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ofanalysispointswillbeplacedatdifferentheights.
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[1] When you click on CREATE GRID the point locations will appear in the [1] WhenyouclickonCREATEGRID,thepointlocationswillappearinthe
graphicimage.
[2] Ifthelayoutisacceptable,clickonSAVEandenteranameforthe.PTS
file.Torevisethepoints,enternewgriddataandclickonCREATEGRID
again,thenSAVEtheresultinganalysispointlocationstoafile. g , g y p
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[1] Toincludeoperableshadingdevicesinyourroommodel,youcanchange
fromtheSTATICSHADINGDEVICEsetting,whichconsidersonlythebasemodel,
toaDYNAMICSHADINGDEVICEMODEL,wheretheshadingconditionsare
selectedbasedonthedaylightconditionspresent.Youcanentertwoshading
conditionsinadditiontoabasecasefortwodifferentgroupsofwindows.
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[1] Toaddshadingmaterialstoagroupofwindows,youhavetheoptionof [ ] g g p , y p
enteringabaseorOFFcondition,aswellastwoadditionalshadingdevice
descriptionsas.radfiles.TheshadingdeviceOFFconditionwilltypicallyremain
blank,butyoumayalsoenterafilethatwillberemovedfromtheanalysis
modelwhenthegeometryforeitherSETTING1or2isapplied(suchaswhen
thebaseconditionconsidersadifferentblindangle,differenttransmittance,or
d ff h d h h ) f h d f l l d h ll differentshadeheight).Browseforthe.radfilestoincludeinthesecells.
These.radfilesshoulddescribetheblinds,shades,etc.thataretobeadded to
thewindowaperturesandincludetheirmaterialdescriptions,unlessthese
materialshavealreadybeendefinedinthemainroommodel.Avoidincluding
polygonsintheshadefilesthatwillintersectpolygonsinyourbaseroom
model
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model.
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[1] ThebuildingmodelyouenteredcanberotatedundertheBUILDING
menu.Buildingrotationwillonlyappearinthe3Dviewonthisscreen.All
h l i f h ill di l h i d i i otherplanviewsofthespacewilldisplaytheroominanunrotatedposition,
withaNortharrowindicatingthedirectionofpolarNorth.
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Afterenteringtheroomandanalysispoints,youwillneedtodescribethe
electriclightingsystem.First,selectLUMINAIRES,thenCREATENEW
SCHEDULE[1].
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Click on ADD LUMINAIRE TYPE [1] then complete the cells on the entry line
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ClickonADDLUMINAIRETYPE[1] ,thencompletethecellsontheentryline.
TYPE[2] referstoaschedulelabelforthisluminaire.BFMIN[3] isthe
minimumdimminglevelfortheballastorlampandPOWERMIN[4] isthe
inputpowerattheminimumdimminglevel.Ifastandardnondimming
ballastisbeingused,BFMINshouldremainblank.Includealllightloss
factors(excepttheballastfactor)intheOTHERLLFscolumn[5].Youmay ( p ) [ ] y
enterasmanyluminairetypesasyouwish.Whenfinished,clickonSAVE
TABLE[6],thenclickonLAYOUTTABLE[7].
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Inthelayouttablescreen,luminairelocationsarespecifiedthrougharrays
(columnsandrows)ofluminaires.ClickonADDLUMINAIRETYPE[1] togeta [ ] g
newentryline.Entertheluminairetype[2], thenentertheX,Y,andZ
coordinatesforthelowerleftluminaireinanarray,thenthenumberof
columnsandrowsfollowedbythespacingtouse[3] .Zspacingcanbeused
toincreaseordecreaseluminaireheightfromrowtorow(movingintheY
direction).Avoidplacingluminairesoutsidetheroom,particularlyinthez
di i N h Z i f l i i ill i ll b dimension.NotethatZspacingforaluminairearraywilltypicallybezero.
Luminairescanberotatedwithinthegridortheentiregridcanberotated
aboutthelowerleftluminaire[4] .Positivetiltraisestheluminairenadirin
thezerodegreehorizontalphotometricplane.Spinrotatestheluminaire
about its axis after it has been tilted
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aboutitsaxisafterithasbeentilted.
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Controlzonesaregroupsoflightingequipmentthatwillbecontrolledtogether. g p g g q p g
SelectthecontrolzonesfromthepulldownmenuintheZONEcolumn[1].Up
tofourpossiblelightingcontrolzonesarepermittedinasingleDaysimrun.You
willbeabletoturnindividualzonesonandofflateraftertheyhavebeen
analyzed.Differentluminairelayoutlinesinthetablemayrefertothesame
controlzone.Thegraphicimageillustratestheluminairelocationswithinthe
d d ff l b h l f h l roomanddifferentiatescontrolzonesbythecoloroftheluminaire.
Currently,onlyonezonemaybedimmedatatime.
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Aftertheluminaireshavebeenentered,youarenowreadytoruna
simulation.DoubleclickonSIMULATION[1] toviewtheRadianceparameter
settings [2],whichmaybechangedtofinetunetheanalysis.Thedefault
conditionsshouldbesatisfactoryformostruns.SelectRUNSIMULATION[3]
tostartthecalculationprocess.
Forarelativelyfastcalculationtovalidatethatamodelappearstobeworking
andforgeneraltutorialpurposes,ambientbouncesmaybereducedto3or4,
ambientdensitymaybereducedto300andambientresolutionreducedto
150tospeeduptherun.
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3 3
Daysim will ask you to confirm which calculations are to be performed [1] Daysimwillaskyoutoconfirmwhichcalculationsaretobeperformed [1],
andwhetheryouwanttostartthecalculationsimmediatelyorrunthem
laterinbatchmode [2].Oncethedaylightcalculationsbegin,aDOS
windowwillappear [3] thatshowstheRadianceoperationsinprogress.
Thisprocesswilllikelytakeafewminutes,andlongerwhenmultipleblind
conditions or large complex models are being considered
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conditionsorlarge,complexmodelsarebeingconsidered.
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Whenthecalculationsarecomplete,theprogramwillreturntothecalculation p , p g
parametersscreen.SelectANALYSIS,thenCONTOURS,thenILLUMINANCE [1] to
viewthesystemsperformance.
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Whenthecalculationsarecomplete,theprogramwillreturntothecalculation p , p g
parametersscreen.SelectANALYSIS,thenCONTOURS[1] toviewthesystems
performanceintermsofeitherIlluminancecontours[2],DaylightFactor[3],
DaylightingAutonomy(DA),ContinuousDaylightAutonomy(DAcon),orUseful
DaylightIlluminance(UDI)(thesefinalthreeareallavailableundertheContinuous
DaylightAutonomytab[4]).
ThresholdIllumination[5] permitsafullannualanalysisoftheentireworkplane
sensorgridtoevaluatethefractionoftimethattotalilluminancefromdaylightand
electriclightingiseitheraboveorbelowaselectedtargetpoint.Alltimeswithan
occupancyvalueof0.5orhigherareincludedinthisanalysis.Thisanalysiscanonly
be performed following control algorithm selection calibration and processing
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beperformedfollowingcontrolalgorithmselection,calibrationandprocessing.
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Afterselectingilluminancecontoursandmostoftheothertypesofanalysis,you
willbeaskedtoindicatethedaylightconditiontodisplay.Selectthedesireddate
and time [1] You can also select between the weather file and a standard clear andtime [1]. Youcanalsoselectbetweentheweatherfileandastandardclear
andovercastday [2] (clear&overcastskiesarenotyetoperational).
Ifyouhaveentereddynamicshadingdevices,youwillneedtodeterminehowthese
aretobeappliedintheBlind/ShadeControltableasdescribedonthefollowing
page.Ifyouhavenotenteredshadeinformationonthebuildinginformation
screen,thetableatthebottomofthescreenwillnotbeshown.
Ifyouhaveonlyenteredasingleshadeorshadesonasinglewindowgroup(the
windowgroupsaredesignatedabovebyShade1andShade2),onlythosedata
entrycellswillused.
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Ifshadingdeviceshavebeenentered,usethepulldownmenuontheleftside [1] to
settheshadesonawindowgrouptooneofthethreepossibleblindmodels(OFF,
ON1,ON2)foralltimesoftheyear,orapplyoneofthreeavailableautomaticcontrol
strategiestoselecttheappropriateshadingdevice:SIGNAL,ANGLEORBOTH.
Th SIGNAL i th t f l h t hi h id th d li ht TheSIGNAListhatofanopenloopphotosensorwhichconsidersthedaylight
receivedbythatdeviceunderthebasecase.Aphotosensorfile,locationand
orientation[2] mustbeentered,alongwiththephotosenorsignalthatwillactivate
thefirstandsecondshadesetting[3].WhenusingSIGNALmode,thefirstsignalmust
bethesmallerofthetwosignals.
ForsolarANGLEcontrol [4],thesolarprofileanglesbelowwhichthefirstandsecond
shadeconditionsaretobeappliedmustbeentered.Thefirstangle(Ang1)must
haveahighersolaraltitudeanglethanthesecond(Ang2).
Toconsiderbothsignalsandanglesindeterminingwhichshadesettingtoapply,a
settingwillbeappliedwhenthesunisbelowtheprofileangleandthelistedsignalis
exceeded.Ang1mustbelargerthanAng2,withnorestrictionsonthesignals.
ELAZ[5] istheorientationofthefaade(itselevationazimuth).South=0, with
positiveanglestotheWestandnegativeanglestotheEast.
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Afterenteringtheshadecontrolinformation,clickonCALCULATE[6] toapplythis
controlalgorithmtothedaylightconditions.
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DaylightAutonomyconsistsofanannualanalysistodeterminethefractionofthe
occupiedtimewhendaylightlevelsexceedaspecifiedtargetilluminance[1].Press
theCALbutton[2] toprocessthedataandrevisethecontourgraphforanew
targetilluminanceentry.Thetimesconsideredarealltimeswithanoccupancyof
0 5 (50%) t 0.5(50%)orgreater.
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ContinuousDaylightAutonomyconsistsofanannualanalysistodeterminethe
fractionoftheoccupiedtimewhendaylightlevelsexceedaspecifiedtarget
illuminance,withpartialcreditassignedfortimeswhenaportionofthisvalueis , p g p
metbydaylight[1].PresstheCALbutton [2] toprocessthedataandrevisethe
contourgraphforanewtargetilluminanceentry. Thetimesconsideredareall
timeswithanoccupancyof0.5(50%)orgreater.
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1 2
UsefulDaylightIlluminance(UDI)determinesthefractionoftheyearthatdaylight y g ( ) y y g
fallsbetweenagivenrangeofvalues.[1].PresstheCALbutton [2] toprocessthe
dataandrevisethecontourgraphforanewtargetilluminanceentry.Thetimes
consideredarealltimeswithanoccupancyof0.5(50%)orgreater.
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Ifyouhaveselectedtoviewilluminancecontours,thenextwindowtoappearis
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y , pp
fortheElectricLightSettings.Ifthisisthefirstappearanceofthiswindow,you
willneedtoADDanewcontrolsetting [1].Youwillthenseeatablelistingthe
electriclightingzones.Initially,controlzonesshouldbesettoONinthesecond
column [2].Afterselectedacriticaltasklocation,whichwillbedescribedon
thefollowingpages,youcanaddaphotosensortothelightingzonebeing
ll d controlled.
Whenyouarereadytoviewthecontours,clickonCONTINUE [3].
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5
Thisscreendisplaysilluminancecontoursfordaylightacrossthespaceata
specified date and time You may view daylight or electric light alone or in specifieddateandtime.Youmayviewdaylightorelectriclightalone,orin
combination,byclickingontheappropriateboxes [1].Thecontoursandpseudo
colorshadingmaybetoggledonandoffseparately[2] alongwithacolorbarscale
[3].EachcoloredboxIntheimagerepresentsthevalueatoneanalysispoint.
Finerpointspacingwillprovidehigherresolutionandsmoothershading,butwill
takelongertocalculate.Intheupperleftcorner,youcanadvancethetime g pp , y
conditiononestepatatime [4],oryoumaychangethedateandtimemanually
usingtheSETDAYLIGHTbutton [5].
Notethatasmallarrowappearsintheupperleftcorneroftheroomindicatingthe
locationofthepolarnorthdirection [6].Astheroommodelisrotatedunderthe
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BUILDINGtab,thisarrowwillrotatetoshowthepolarnorthlocation.Dataonthe
shadingdevicesandluminairezonesettingsarealsoprovided [7].
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1
2
Thisscreenshowsilluminancecontoursfortheelectriclightdistributionacross
theanalysisgrid(i.e.,onlyelectriclightisturnedon)[1].
Ifyouwishtochangethevaluesassignedtothecontours,clickonCUSTOMIZE
DISPLAY[2].
Currently,ifyouremovebothelectriclightanddaylightfromthedisplayyouwill
needtoclicktheCOLORandCONTOURSbuttonafterrequestingoneortheother
toberedisplayed[3].
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IntheCustomizeDisplayscreen,settingssuchasthecontourfontsizeandvalues
maybechanged.Dimminglevelsettingsfortheanalysisofthecriticaltaskpoint
mayalsobemodified.
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4
Inordertocalibrateaphotosensorthatwillcontrolanelectriclightingzone,
youmustfirstindicatethecriticaltaskpointtobeusedforcalibratingthe
system.Turnondaylightandallelectriclightingzones,thenclickonthe
CRITICAL POINT checkbox [1] to begin this process CRITICALPOINTcheckbox[1] tobeginthisprocess.
Next,selectthelightingzonethatwillbedimmedorswitched [2].Inputthe
targetilluminanceyouwouldliketomaintainatthecriticalworkplanepoint,
thenclicktheCALbutton [3].Contoursofthedimminglevelrequiredfrom
theselectedlightingzonetoachievethetargetilluminanceateachanalysis g g g y
pointwithintheroomwillappear,Asmallblacksquare [4] indicatesthe
pointrequiringthehighestlightoutputfromthecontrolledzone.Ifthe
selectedtimeprovidestoomuchdaylight,nocontoursmaybedisplayed.
Youmayenteranilluminancethreshold[5] tohaveDaysimconsideronly
h ll h h l f h ll d
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pointsthatreceiveanilluminancegreaterthanthisvaluefromthecontrolled
lightingzoneinselectingthecriticalpoint.OpentheCPTool[6] forfurther
refinementandtolocatethecriticalpoint.MovetheXtothedesired
locationandclickontheSETCPbuttontofinalizethepointlocation,which
willturntheXblack.
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5
1
2
Thegrayareaonthisscreen[1] representstheareathatreceiveslessthan
100luxfromzone1sinceanilluminancethresholdhasbeenentered(the
criticalpointwillnotbelocatedatpositionswherethecontrolledlighting
zoneprovidesilluminancebelowthisvalue).Thesquare[2] isthepoint
i i th hi h t t t f 1 Wh th CP T l requiringthehighestoutputfromzone1.WhenyouopentheCPTool,you
willseeawhiteXonyourscreen,typicallyatthelocationofthesquare.
MovethisXtotheworkplanelocationatwhichyouwishtoplacethecritical
pointusingthearrowbuttons [3].ClickSETCP [4] andtheXwillturnblack,
indicatingthelocationofthecriticalpoint.Youcaneliminateadditional
points, columns, or rows of data from consideration for this critical point
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points,columns,orrowsofdatafromconsiderationforthiscriticalpoint
usingthemaskingtool[5].Pointsorareasthathavebeenmaskedwill
appeargray.
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1
Afterlocatingthecriticalworkplanepointtouseforcalibration,selecttheSET
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ELECTRICbuttononthecontourscreentodisplaythewindowshownhere.
ChangethecontrolforthedesiredzonetoeitherDIMMEDorSWITCHED [1].
Notethatonlyonezonecancurrentlybecontrolledviaaphotosensor.Forthe
controlledzone,enterthelocationandorientationofthephotosensor [2],then
importaphotosensordistributionfile [3].Afterenteringthisinformation,click
on CALCULATE SIGNALS [4] to compute the sensor signals across the entire year onCALCULATESIGNALS [4] tocomputethesensorsignalsacrosstheentireyear.
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2 1
Afterthesensorsignalshavebeencalculated,youarereadytoselectand
calibrateacontrolalgorithm.Selectoneofthestandardcontrolalgorithmsfrom
thepulldownmenu [1],thenclickontheCALIBRATIONbutton [2] tosetupthe
controlalgorithm.Thedaylightconditionappliedincalibratingthephotosensor
isimportantandwillbetheonethatlastappearedinthecontourwindow.For
dimmingsystems,thedaylightconditionmustrequireadimminglevelforthe
dimmedlightingzonethatisabovetheminimumsetting(BFmin).Itisbestifit
isclosetotheminimumvalue(below50%lightoutput).
Thecalibrationwindowsforthedifferentcontrolalgorithmsareshownonthe
followingpages.
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2
1
3
4
ThisistheinputwindowforanOPENLOOPDIMMINGcontrolalgorithm.
5
p g
Thisalgorithmassumesthephotosensorreceivesnosignalfromthe
electriclightingsystematnightandprovidesfulllightoutputatthissignal.
Enterthetargetilluminance [1] forthedaytimecalibrationcondition,
thenselectUPDATE [2] andSAVE [3].Youmaychangethedaylight
conditionusingtheRESETbutton [4] ontheright.Ifthecontrolalgorithm
l h ll d ff f h h istoalsoturnthecontrolledzoneoffafteritreachestheminimum
dimminglevel,clicktheOFFCONDITIONbox [5].
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3
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2
4
5
HereistheinputwindowforaCLOSEDLOOPPROPORTIONALDIMMINGcontrol
algorithm This algorithm requires a nighttime target illuminance [1] as well as a
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algorithm.Thisalgorithmrequiresanighttimetargetilluminance[1] aswellasa
targetilluminanceatthecriticalpointundertheselecteddaylightcondition [2].
Enterthesetwovalues,thenselectUPDATE [3] andSAVE [4].Youmaychange
thedaylightconditionusingtheRESETDAYLIGHTCONDITION[5] buttononthe
right.Ifthesystemwillturnthecontrolledzoneoffafterreachingtheminimum
dimminglevel,clicktheOFFCONDITIONbox [6]. g , [ ]
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2
4
1
3
ThisistheinputwindowforaCLOSEDLOOPCONSTANTSETPOINT
DIMMING control algorithm The algorithm requires entry of a
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DIMMINGcontrolalgorithm.Thealgorithmrequiresentryofa
photosensorsignal[1] thatthecontrolsystemwillattempttomaintainby
dimmingtheelectriclightingzone.Enteratargetilluminanceateithera
nighttimeordaytimeconditiontoestablishthissignal,thenselectUPDATE
[2] andSAVE[3].Ifyouwantthesystemtoturnoffthecontrolledzone
afterreachingtheminimumdimminglevel,clicktheOFFCONDITIONbox g g ,
[4].
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4
3
ThisistheinputwindowforanOPENLOOPSWITCHINGcontrolalgorithm.
4
p g
Openloopcontrolshouldhavenoelectriclightcontributiontothe
photosensorsignal.ThedifferencebetweentheOFFandONsignal,known
asthedeadband,canthereforeberelativelysmall.Entervaluesforthe
OFFandONsignal[1],andthedesiredTARGETILLUMINANCE[2] toapply
forcomparisontoanoptimalcontrolcondition,thenselectUPDATE[3] and
SAVE[4].
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2
3
ThisistheinputwindowfortheCLOSEDLOOPSWITCHINGcontrol
1
4
algorithm.ThedifferencebetweentheONandOFFsignal(thedead
band)mustbegreaterthanthesignalfromtheswitchedzonetoavoid
oscillationsinswitchingcontrol.EntertheONsignalandOFFsignal[1],
thenselectUPDATE[2] andSAVE[3].Thetargetilluminance[4] isused
toestablishanoptimumcontrolconditionthatexactlymeetsthetarget
value at all times for comparison to the systems actual performance valueatalltimesforcomparisontothesystemsactualperformance.
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1 2
Thresholdillumination,whichcanbeaccessedfromtheANALYSISpulldownmenu,
addressestheperformanceofthecontrolsystemovertheentireyearrelativetoa
singletargetilluminancevalueisappliedateachpoint[1].Thefractionoftimethat
thecombinationofdaylightandelectriclightiseitheraboveorbelowaspecified
targetvalue,indicatedbyeither<or>[2], iscomputedandgraphedforallwork
planeanalysispoints.Sincethisanalysisisforanoperatingcontrolsystem,itcanonly
b li d f ll i lib ti d i f li hti t l h t d beappliedfollowingcalibrationandprocessingofalightingcontrolphotosensorand
algorithm.Onlythosetimesoftheyearwithanoccupancyvalueof0.5(50%)or
higherareincludedinthisanalysis.
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1
Thegeneralperformanceandtheenergysavingsprovidedbythephotosensor
control system can be analyzed by selecting ANALYSIS, then GRAPHS, then controlsystemcanbeanalyzedbyselectingANALYSIS,thenGRAPHS,then
eitherTIMEPLOT,HISTOGRAM,orPHOTOSENSORSIGNALVSDIMMINGLEVEL
[1].Forthetimeplotandhistogram,youwillbeaskedtoselectadateand
starttimeforthesegraphs.
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2 4
The TIME PLOT graphs show the total illuminance provided by the photosensor TheTIMEPLOTgraphsshowthetotalilluminanceprovidedbythephotosensor
systemcomparedtotheilluminanceunderoptimumcontrol(thedimminglevel
thatmeetsthetargetilluminancewheneverpossible).Youcanchangethe
lengthoftheplotfromasingledaytoaweekundertheLENGTHpulldown
menu[1].Anylongertimeperiodisgenerallynotusefulduetothelimitedsize
ofthegraph.Notethatthetimeintervalbetweenpointsonthegraphcanbe
changedusingtheINTERVALpulldownmenu[2].Inaddition,thedatagraphed
canbechangedfromthecriticalpointtotheaverageilluminanceacrossthe
entirecalculationgrid[3].Todisplayasingledayofdata,movetheTIMEto
1:00:00AM[4],otherwisethegraphwillstartinthemiddleofaday.Notethat
abovethetargetIlluminance,ifboththeoptimumandalgorithmsettheelectric
li ht t i i ff th ill i id d b th l ith ill tl
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lighttominimumoroff,theilluminanceprovidedbythealgorithmwillexactly
coincidewiththeoptimum.Differenceswillappearwhenthedimminglevelis
betweenthemaximumandminimumoutput.
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TheHISTOGRAMoutputcontainsbinsofdataforthetotallightprovidedat
thecriticalpointfromthecontrolalgorithm(blue)comparedtoasystem
thatprovidesoptimalcontrol(green)inmaintainingthetargetilluminance
atthecriticalpoint.Inadditiontoilluminance,thedataplottedmaybe
shownasdimminglevelorlightingpowervalues[1].Whenilluminanceis
plotted,theilluminanceatthecriticalpointortheaverageofallpointsmay
beplotted[2].Thelengthofthisstudymaybeselectedbytheuserto
includeeitheraday,week,monthoryear[3] withthestartpointbeingthe
dateandtimeenteredatthetopofthescreen[4].ClickontheUPDATE
button[5] torefreshtheresultsafterchangingthesettings.Inspaceswith
high daylight conditions that set the dimming level to minimum a large
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highdaylightconditionsthatsetthedimmingleveltominimumalarge
fractionofthetime,thetwoconditionswillshowverysimilarperformance.
11
ThisgraphshowsdatafortheDIMMINGLEVELplottedoveranentireweek.Youcan
changethedatathatareplottedfromILLUMINANCEtoDIMMINGLEVELorPOWER
INPUTundertheDATAmenu [1].Poorperformanceislikelytooccuratdaylight
conditionsthatrequirealevelofdimmingabovetheminimum.
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1
2
IftheEnergyTablebuttonisselected [1],Daysimwillcomputetheenergysavings
overtheentireyear,monthbymonth.Energyconsumptionislistedseparatelyfor
thecontrolledzoneandtheentireroom(seetabs[2]).Thebasecaseincorporatesno
lightingcontrol.Theoptimalcasedimsorswitchestomaintainthetargetilluminance
atthecriticalpointwithminimalenergyconsumption,whilethealgorithmcase
appliesthephotosensorsignalprocessedthroughthecalibratedcontrolalgorithmat
ti i d Th t i d t i ht th l t everytimeperiod.Thepercentoccupancyisusedtoweighttheenergyvaluesat
everyhouroftheyearincomputingtotalenergyinalofthesecases.
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2
1 5
3
4
TheECONOMICANALYSISbutton[1] permitstheusertocomputethesimplepayback
periodandrateofreturnforthecontrolsystem.Thisanalysisisbasedonthefirst
costofthecontrolsystem[2],energycosts[3],andademandcharge[4],if
applicable.Thepeakdemandreductionisassumedtobetheaverageofthelargest
fivedemandloadreductionsatthepeakdemandhour[5] foreachmonthoftheyear.
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GeneralTipsandknownproblems:
1) DonotimportanyfilesfromtheDaysimfoldersthatarecreatedwithinyour
projectfolder(occ,rad,res,etc.).Thismaycausethesystemtoattempttocopya
fileontoitself,whichwilldestroythefile.
2) MakecertaintheunitsoftheinputfilehavebeenlockedontheBuildingwindow
beforemovingaheadtotheluminairelayout.
3) If i h b ildi i fil ill lik l 3) Iferrorsoccurinthebuildinginputfiles,youwilllikelyseeanerrormessage.
Errorsintheshadefiles,however,maysimplycausetheprogramtostop.
4) Torecalculatetheelectriclighting,itmaybenecessarytofirstreenteroneofthe
luminairelocationsintheluminairelayouttable,thenresavethelayout,priorto
rerunningthesimulation.
5) Calibration must be performed at a daylight condition that requires a level of 5) Calibrationmustbeperformedatadaylightconditionthatrequiresalevelof
dimmingabovetheminimum.
6) Ifyoumoveaprojectfoldertoanothercomputer,itmustbelocatedinexactlythe
sameplace,andonthesamedriveonthenewcomputertofunctionproperly.
7) Iftheprogramappearstogetstuckandnotmovetotherequestedscreen
(sometimes,youwillneedtowaitforafewminutesforittoprocessinformation),
gobackandredothecalculations.Ifthisdoesnotwork,startoverbyre
importingtheroomandotherfiles/dataintoacompletelynewheaderfile.
8) SaveAsisunlikelytogiveyouafilethatcanbeusedunderanewname.You
cannotcurrentlycopyafiletoanothernameorrenameafolderanduseitunder
thatnewname.
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