CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design

CHAPTER 1: Mole
Balances
Lecture 2

Failure is a step forward to success

CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Topics
Lecture
1:

Chemical Identity
Reaction Rate
Lecture
2:

General Mole Balance Equation
Mole Balance for Different Reactor
Types
Lecture
3:
Mole Balance for Different Reactor
Types
Examples
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Types of Reactor:
1. Batch reactor
2. Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor
(CSTR)
3. Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) or
Turbular Reactor
4. Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Industrial reactors
Types of reaction
Liquid phase reaction Gas phase reaction
Semi batch reactor,
CSTR

Tubular reactor
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Different types of reactor:
1) Batch reactor
Physical shape: Tank
Used for:
small scale operation
process that is not suitable for continuous operation.
Advantage:
High conversion longer residence time
Disadvantage
High cost
Product variability
Not for large-scale operation
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Different types of reactor:
2) Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
Physical shape: Tank
Continuous Flow, Steady state, Perfectly mixed
Used for:
Liquid phase reaction
process that is suitable for continuous operation.
Advantage:
Continuous operation
Disadvantage
Not for non-ideal mixing
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Different types of reactor:
3) Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
Physical shape: Cylindrical pipe
Continuous Flow, Steady state, Perfectly mixed
Used for:
Gas phase reaction
Reaction rate varies axially NOT radially.
Reactant
Product
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Different types of reactor:
4) Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)
Physical shape: Cylindrical
Continuous Flow, Steady state, Perfectly
mixed
Used for:
Fluid-solid heterogeneous reaction (catalyst)
Reactant
Product
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Photos of real reactor systems
Batch reactor
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
CSTR
Photos of real reactor systems
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Photos of real reactor systems
PFR
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
General Mole Balance Equation






IN OUT + GENERATION = ACCUMULATION
For species A:
Any REACTOR with volume V
UNIT: moles/time
F
AO
F
A
G
A
dN
A
/dt
Number of moles of species
A in a system
Rate of generation of species
A in a system
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
IN OUT + GENERATION = ACCUMULATION
F
AO
F
A
G
A
dN
A
/dt
General Mole Balance Equation
dt
dN
dV r F F
dt
dN
G F F
A
V
A A A
A
A A A

0
0
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Mole Balance For Different
Reactor Type
Batch reactor
dt
dN
V r
A
A

dt
dN
dV r F F
A
V
A A A


0
dt
dN
V r
A
A
.
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Mole Balance For Different
Reactor Type
dt
dN
dV r F F
A
V
A A A


0
Continuous stirred
tank reactor (CSTR)
A
A A
r
F F
V

0
0
0

A A A
Vr F F
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Mole Balance For Different
Reactor Type
Plug Flow Reactor
(PFR)
dt
dN
dV r F F
A
V
A A A


0
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
Mole Balance For Different
Reactor Type
Packed Bed Reactor
(PBR)
-r
A
= mol A reacted
time. mass of catalyst
CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
SUMMARY
Reactor Mole Balance Remarks
Batch Well mix, no
spatial
variation,
unsteady state
CSTR Well mix, no
spatial
variation,
steady state
PFR Steady state
PBR Steady state
dt
dN
V r
A
A

CCB 3043 Kinetics and Reactor Design
ANY QUESTION ???