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Cutting

Fabric cutting is the most important part of garment industry. Cutting different parts of garment apparel
very carefully according to shape of pattern is called fabric cutting. Consistent fabric cutting
is very important for perfect garments making.

Requirement of Cutting
Precision of cut- To ensure the cutting of fabric aquirtly according to the line drown of
the marker plan. Clean edge- By avoiding the fraing out of yarn from the fabric edge. Cutting
edge must be smooth clean. Knife must be sharp for smooth or clean edge. Consistency in
cutting- All the sizing safe of the cutting parts should be same of knife should be operated of
the right angle of the fabric lay.

Methods of fabric Cutting
There are mainly three methods of cutting are as follows:

1. Fully manual: Hand operated scissor
2. Semi-Automatic Cutting Machine of fabric cutting:
Straight knife Cutting Machine.
Round Knife Cutting Machine.
Band Knife Cutting Machine.
Die Cutting Machine.
Notcher Machine.
Drill Machine.
3. Computerized methods of fabric cutting:
Laser Cutting Machine.
Water Jet Cutting Machine.
Ultrasonic Cutting Machine.
Plasma cutting Machine


Fully manual
Hand operated scissor
Hand shears are normally used when cutting only single or double plies. The lower blade of the shears
passes under the plies, but the subsequent distortion of the fabric is only temporary and accurate
cutting to the line can be achieved with practice.

Advantage of hand scissor
Almost every type of cloth are cut by scissor. Scissors are mainly used for cutting single ply fabric.

Disadvantage of hand scissor
It takes huge time for fabric cutting. It is impossible to cut the fabric lay of any height
Semi-Automatic Cutting Machine of fabric cutting

1) Straight Knife Cutting Machine
The most useful cutting machine in garments industry is the straight knife cutting machine.





Machine parts and their functions:

a) Blade:
Blade cuts the fabric laterally into a spread.

b) Sharpening device:
Sharpening device produces degree of keenness in the cutting edge.

c) Blade drive:
Cutting blade is reciprocated vertically in the blade housing by the blade drive.
It is driven by the motors drive.

d) Blade housing :
It is anchored in the base plate. It supports the motor, operating handle and sharpeners.

e) Blade guard:
It is a safety device attached indirectly to the blade housing.
It has two functions
- safety and cutting quality. It prevents the cutter from accidentally cutting his positioning hand on top
of the spread.

f) Base plate:
The foundation that supports and helps balance the cutting mechanism. It guides the knife in relation
to the table surface and elevates the spread off the cutting table for contact with the blade.

g) Handle:
It moves the cutting machine or the cutter over the lines or area to be cut.

h) Power system:
It provides power to the drives for the motor drive to move blade drive which drives the blade.



Advantage of straight knife machine:
The knife is comparatively cheap & can be transferred from one place to another easily. Lay of higher height can
be cut very easily. Suitable for large production rate as it is convenient to cut the lay of 10 inches height. Fabric
can be cut from any angle.

Disadvantage of straight knife
Sometimes deflecting may occur due to the weight of the motor. Chance of accident is high.
Blade deflection occurs so quality may be hampered. Skill hand required.


2) Round Knife Cutting Machine
Round knife is mostly use for cutting the big parts of the garments pattern.





Advantage of round knife

Round knife is widely used to separate the big parts and separate the blocks of fabric from relatively
small height fabric ray.

Disadvantage of round knife

Not suitable for cutting very curved lines in higher number of lays as the blade does not strike
all the piles simultaneously at the same point.

Round knife is used only for straight line & lower number of piles.

Not suitable for higher production.

Possibility of accident is high.

Difficult to cut small components.



3) Band knife cutting machine
Band knife cutting machine is look like a wood cutter machine. Band knife is used for precession
cuttings mall parts of garment. This band knife cutting machine has lower noise, less temperature up,
high power, less vibration and auto sharpening device.



Cutting Blade

5" / 6" use narrow blade

8" / 10" use wide blade.



Features of Band Knife Machine
i . This machine worked as saw mill technique.
ii. Not possible tored in bundle form to cut by this machine
iii. Block pieces of fabric required in bundle from to cut by this machine.
iv. Blade moving vertically through a flat working table.
v. Machine remains stationary and fabric is moveable.
vi. Specially used to cut small parts more accurately. cut fabric directly from lay.3

Use and Features:
Band knife cutting machine is primary device equipment in garment and knitting etc industries. It could
accurately cut the pattern of fabrics. This machine is with special blower decreases resistance
between fabrics and table, which enables the fabrics be moved easily and be cut precisely. And it could adjustable
speed to fit different fabrics.

4) Die Cutting Machine

Die cutting involves pressing a rigid blade through the lay of fabric. The die is a knife in the shape of a pattern
periphery, including notches. One or more tie bars secure its stability. Free standing dies generally fall into two
categories. They can be of strip steel, manufactured by bending the strip to the shape required and
welding the joint. These cannot be sharpened and must be replaced when worn. Alternatively, they
can be heavier gauge, forged dies which can be resharpened but which are about five times the price
of strip steel. The position of the tie bars determines the depth of cut, which is generally
greater with forged dies. Free standing dies cut the small parts of larger garments such as
collars and trouser pocketing or the parts of smaller garments such as bras. They can also be used for part of a
larger garment part., such as the neck area of a coat front. They provide a high standard of accuracy of cutting but,
because of the cost of the dies, they are only appropriate to situations where large quantities of the
same pattern shape will be cut.



Advantage of die cutting
Die cutting is suitable for precession cutting of small parts of a garment.
It is suitable for cutting the fabric in any angle & any shape.
Especially suitable for knitted fabric.

Disadvantage of die cutting
Die cutting method needs block of fabric lay.
More fabric wastage.
Die manufacturing cost is high

5) Drill cutting machine

Where reference marks are needed away from the edge of a garment part, such as for the position of pockets,
darts and similar features, a hole is often drill through all the plies of fabric in the lay. The drill
mounting includes a motor, a base plate with a hole to allow the drill to pass through, and a spirit
level to ensure that the base is horizontal and hence the drill vertical. On looser weave fabrics,
where the hole may close up, a hot drill is used, which will slightly scorch or fuse the edge of the
hole. If It is important that no mark remains on the fabric, a long thread may be passed through the lay
which is then cut with scissors between each ply, leaving a few centimetres visible on each garment panel. All
drill holes must eventually be concealed by the construction of the garment.





Advantage of drill machine
It has heating arrangement.
It has a system of yarn penetrating.

Disadvantage of drill machine
Burnt spot can come.
The fabric become penetrated.
Not suitable for loosely woven fabric

6) Notcher cutting machine

The Hot Notcher is a multi-purpose tool used for marking and temporarily fusing loosely
woven fabrics which can ensure precise alignment for sewing accuracy. The spread is held securely together and
can be moved to the cutting area without shifting. The Hot Notcher marks a visible notch
on materials instead of a slit notch which is not easily visible.



Many garment parts required that notches are cut into the edges of them to enable alignment
during sewing with other garment parts. The accuracy depends on the operator specialised notching equipment
provides greater straight notches are available. A further machine, the hot notcher , incorporates a
heating element in order that the blade may slightly scorch the fibres adjacent to the notch in
order to prevent it fraying and disappearing. This cannot be used in thermoplastic fibres or
certain unlined garments. One fabric requiring it may be a loosely woven tweed.
It is ideal for placing notches in a lay and has a depth adjustment guide to stop you notching too deeply. For
example when you spread synthetic fabrics the Hot Notcher is used along the lay edge, a intervals, to seal the plies
together which reduces movement and distortion. It has a depth capacity of 200mm and selectable
temperatures of 300, 400 or 500oC.The Hot Notcher marks a visible notch on materials
instead of a cutting machine slit which is hard to see.


Computerized Cutting Machine

This methods provides the most accurate possible cutting, at high speed,
A typical computer system has a table with a cutting surface consisting of nylon
bristles which support the fabric lays but are flexible enough to permit penetration and
movement of the knife blade which is supported only on the top.
The bristles also allow the passage of air through the table to create a vacuum,
reducing the height of the lay and holding it in place.
It is ideal for placing notches in a lay and has a depth adjustment guide to stop you
notching too deeply. It has a depth capacity of 200mm and selectable temperatures of
300, 400 or 500oC.


Advantage
Very active & fast cutting by computer controlled system.
Suitable for very large-scale production.
Speed of cutting can be controlled.
Cutting defects are less than other.
Less labour cost.
No need of marker paper.

Disadvantage
Very expensive machine.
Higher maintenance cost.

1) Laser Cutting Machine
As a brand new processing method, laser cutting processing depends on its precise processing, faster, simple
operation, high degree of automation has been widely used in the leather and textile garment industry.
Compared with the traditional cutting method, laser cutting machine not only with low price, low
consume, move over laser processing doesn't have mechanical stress to the work piece, so the
precision and cutting speed of the cutted products' result are very well.
Laser cutting machine set of optical, mechanical, electrical as one, with processing of accurate,
fast, simple operation, high automation advantages, now in the textile and garment, leather and other industries
increasingly wide range of applications, and promote the textile and garment related industries such as fast
development.
laser cutting machine has a low price, low consumption, the other because the laser
processing on the processing of the work piece without mechanical pressure, so the effect of
cutting out the product, precision, and cutting speed are very good. No flash, size standard, the error is small
(0.1mm), effect of soft, non-high-frequency or blunt knife cutting sense of pressure, high efficiency,
low cost, computer design graphics can be cut out of any shape, any design, any size, lace, etc. , are compared
with traditional laser cutting machine cutting machine and hand cut a huge advantage.
Advantages
Very High Speed Cutting
Suitable for single ply cutting

Disadvantages
Not suitable for cutting multi layer of fabric
Not suitable for synthetic fabric possibility of burning.

2) Plasma Cutting Machine
Plasma cutting was originally developed to satisfy our demand for high quality cutting. On stainless steel
and aluminium. But it can also be used to cut textile material (ionized gas is used)



3) Water Jet Cutting Machine
A very high velocity, small diameter stream of water is created by applying high pressure water to a nozzle.
The high pressure jet acts as a solid tool when it encounters the material to be cut, tearing the
fibres on impact. As the jet penetrates successive plies in a spread, the momentum decreases and cutting
ability is reduced. The jet spread out and cut is wider and rougher at the bottom of the spread. Here the jet of water
is normally caught and drained away. There is a danger of wet edges and water spotting.
The water used must be filtered de-ionised. Water jet cutting is most effective with harder
sheet materials, including leather and plastic. A complete computer system has been
developed for leather in which hides are inspected and blemishes marked, and the hides are then scanned
into the computer. A marker plan is made in which the patterned pieces are planned into the hide,
allowing for blemishes and for the varying thicknesses that occur in leader, and the hide is then automatically
cut, in a single layer, by water jet.

Advantage
Very fast cutting operation
Not require to sharp the blade

Disadvantage
Capital costs are high.
Water is to be filtered and de-ionized .

4) Ultrasonic Cutting Machine

Most recently developed is a cutting system using an ultrasonically driven knife blade .Vibration
frequencies in the 20 k hz rangeproduce1/20 mm movement in the blade, small enough to remove the need
for a bristle base to the cutting table. Disposable knife blades save hardening time and last for 10-14 days. In
the systems developed so far, two cutting heads are used, moving in different but synchronised paths. Up to 10
plies can be cut and low vacuum only is needed.

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