DNA Virus Attachment Entry (penetration/uncoating)
Adenovirus Fiber with knob
pH dependent, nucleocapisd leaves endosome and travels along microtubules to nucleus, where it uncoats at a nuclear pore. + stranded RNA Virus Poliovirus PVR receptor is an Ig superfamily ptn found on human neurons. It binds in a "canyon" that runs around the VP1 regions of the pentamer entry into cytoplasm and removal of capsid. + RNA serves as mRNA and is immediately translated. Has VPg at 5' end rather than a cap. Is translated as one long polyptn and then selectively cleaved with structural ptns saved for last (P1). Viral ptn 2A cleaves translation cofactors needed to recognize host mRNA cap structures Mononegavirales Rabies Virus G glycoptn used to attach to cell surface. Recall that virus is shaped like bullet with G,M, N,L,and P ptns endocytosis and uncoats in a pH dpendent manner, and nucleocapsid is released into cytoplasm Segmented '- RNA virus Influenza Hemagluttinin mediates attachement to cell via sialica acid and cleavage by host cell proteases endocytosis and pH dependent fusion and uncoating. This requires a pH drop inside the viral particale as well which is mediated by a channel known as M2. Rimantidine and amantidine target this ptn. Double Stranded RNA virus Rotavirus HA, attachment requires sialic acid and proteases pH dependent or independent Synthesis Assembly IE genes make E1A ptns which signal to start transcription of E genes, also VA gene to suppress host translation. E genes promote DNA replication (codes for pol II etc...). New DNA has exposed Late gene promoter. Late gene is translated as a polycistronic mRNA and then cleaved (contains many structural ptns). pTP serves as a primer, leaving a terminal ptn at the 5' end of all DNA (adenovirus uses entirely leading strand synthesis.) occurs in nucleus cuz unenveloped particles are hydrophilic and dont easily cross nuclear membrane mRNA already translated has coded for an RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Genome copied into - strand RNA to serve as template with VPg cap couple do each 5' end. Template is then copied many times using "replicative intermediate" P1 precursor is cleaved to VP0, VP1, VP3 and five copies of these form a pentamer. 12 pentamers to make a shell. Once RNA enters, VP0 is cleaved into VP2 and VP4. Final maturation occurs ain cytoplasm as paracrystalline inclusioin bodies Has a VAP that is a RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Transcription begins at the 3' end of the genome, with monocistronic RNA's being transcribed with each ORF, with each intergenic region, probability of pol sticking with it decreases so genes at the 3' end are much more likely to be transcribed. All mRNA's are capped an dpolyadenylated. the gene for N is the first and when enough of N accumulates in the cytoplasm, it will bind nascent RNA and tell pol to ignore transcriptional stop/start signals and copy full length '+ RNA as a template for replication. G and M are trafficked to the cell surface. G inserts into the cell membrane and M accumulates underneath eit and binds newly synthesised nucleocapsids and budding occurs polymerase complex produces mRNAs, positive sense RNA template and negative sense genomes. Transcription is done in the nucleus because of influenza's requirement for cap stealing similar to mononegavirales. Notable difference is the presence of Neuraminidase which allows the release of viral particles by the digestion of sugar moities. Zanamivir and osteltamivir target NA Two phases: early mRNA serves for translation also template for synthesis of complementary negative strands. dsRNA is transcribed and the infectious cycle enters into late phase with synthesis of structural ptns. sythesis of structural ptns triggers self assembly Release when cell dies cell death from polio induced lysis. Observe cytopathic effect from these budding when infected cell is lysed