The purpose of Sumerian language is to create confusion, to wear out the suspicious audience,

to fool them to infinity. Hypothetically the Sumerian language was older than Akkadian.
Ideally, the Sumerian tongue had come from above. It was a divine language. In reality
Sumerian was an artificial creation. It was a ruse to legitimize the eistence of the gods.
The origin of the name bronze became the basic root word for the bronze seals, metal bowls,
bronze vessels became the name of the city Sippar. We can see that the Sumerian
writers invented an artificial language and artificial names for their cities in
order to convince the audience of the sacred nature of their religion.
The derivatives zabar! zimbir! sippar prove that Akkadian writers wrote in Semitic and
Sumerian simultaneously. Their effort to hide their tracks becomes evident when they try to
eplain the same words, the same derivatives with different ideograms and different phonetic
values, creating a maze of tracks when in reality the name of the city, the name of cylinder
seals, the name of bronze metal means the same thing.
"ase forms# sippar
ki
$ zimbir %&'.%(I)*(I)+
g
.A,+
ki
$ zimbir
ki
.
-eriods# .arly 'ynastic IIIa /01$ .arly 'ynastic IIIb /01$ 2ld "abylonian /31$ Hellenistic /31.
4ritten forms# sippar
ki
$ zimbir%&'.%(I)*(I)+
g
.A,+
ki
$ zimbir
ki
.
,ormalized forms# 5imbir %sippar
ki
, zimbir%&'.%(I)*(I)+
g
.A,+
ki
, zimbir
ki
+.
6orphological forms#
UD.GI%GI.NUN
Also: buranun, buranuna, buranunu, burunun, burununa, sippar, zimbir.
zabar /"72,5.1 %809# .' IIIb, 2ld Akkadian, :agash II, &r III, .arly 2ld "abylonian,
2ld "abylonian, unknown+ wr. zabar$ zabar3 ;%to be+ bright, pure$ arrowhead$ weapon$
metal mirror$ %to be+ shiny$ measuring vessel made of bronze$ a metal bowl$
bronze; Akk. ebbu$ hutpu$ kakku$ mulu$ namru$ q$ sappu$ siparru
zabar /"72,5.1 %809# .' IIIb, 2ld Akkadian, :agash II, &r III, .arly 2ld "abylonian,
2ld "abylonian, unknown+ wr. zabar$ zabar3 ;%to be+ bright, pure$ arrowhead$
weapon$ metal mirror$ %to be+ shiny$ measuring vessel made of bronze$ a metal
bowl$ bronze; Akk. ebbu$ hutpu$ kakku$mulu$ namru$ q$ sappu$ siparru
[1
] zabar
[2
] zabar
3
0< distinct forms attested$ click to view forms table.
1. (to be) bright, pure (810x/100%)
= :.>!2ld "abylonian!,ippur zaar 2" ,ippur &ra ? @3A$ !!zaar"" #U
$
.%&.'&( # si2)pa)ar)ru 2"
'iri ,ippur 3?0$ !!zaar"" #ka)ak)kum 2" 'iri ,ippur 3??$ !!zaar"" #qu3)um 2" 'iri
,ippur 3?3. :.>!unknown!unknown gu*)un zaar B"S 908<? r ii ?3C..:A!.'
IIIb!(irsu !+,a-.c/" zaar0 dili* ma*)dilmun DS 0A, 903 o ii ?$ +,a-.c/ sazaar0 1u- gu$ sumun DS ?@,
9E@ r ii 8$ *,u.c/ 2,a-.c/ ha)zi zaar0 DS ?E, 9F0 o i 0$*,u.c/ 2,a-.c/ a*)gam NIG
*
zaar0 DS ?E,
9F0 o i ?$ +,a-.c/ ma)na nagga zaar0 ,ik 0, 309 r iv A$ 2,a-.c/ zaar0 1u0 luh)ha 7A 9<, p.
03F, .nz. 0 r i ?. .:A!.' IIIb!,ippursila0 zaar)ta 2S- 0, 9<A o i ?. .:A!.'
IIIb!unknown 0,u.c/ la* *,a-.c/ +3*,a-.c/
4
ma)na an)na zaar ASG 0F, 9@A o iii
?$ 0,u.c/ la* *,a-.c/ +3*,a-.c/ ma)na an)na zaarASG 0F, 9@A r ii ?. .:A!2ld
Akkadian!Adab +,a-.c/ gin* 1u0)aar zaar Adab 980@ 8..:A!2ld Akkadian!(irsu +3*,a-.c/ ma)
na urudu zaar BT @9, 0EF ?$ !+,di-/" 5,a-.c/ ma)na la* 2,a-.c/ gin* urudu zaar ITT 0, 909E9
3$ *,a-.c/ +30,a-.c/
-a
ma)!na"$,a-.c/ gin* zaar ITT ?, 9AA38 0. .:A!2ld Akkadian!:agash +,a-.c/ ma)
na nagga zaar"6 9?@08A ?. .:A!2ld Akkadian!,ippur +,u.c/ +,a-.c/ zaar urudu T6H @, 0AE
A$+,a-.c/ ha)zi zaar urudu 2S- ?, 9AA o i 3$ !+,di-/" zaar -e)u0)suh2)!urudu" 2S- ?, 9A@ o i
E$ +,a-.c/ zaar -e)u0)suh2 urudu 2S- ?, 9A8 o i 09$ 5,di-/ zaar urudu 2S- ?, 9A8 o i
F$ !+,di-/" zaar nim urudu 2S- ?, 9AF o i 09$ !..." zaar
6
2S- ?, 9<@ 0..:A!2ld
Akkadian!&mma *,u/ zaar 1u0)aar BT @9, 9@? ?$ +,a-.c/ urudu a)7&%+8+)dilim* zaar BT @9,
9@? A$ $,u/ urudu zaar)zaar BT @9, 9@? @. .:A!2ld Akkadian!&r0,a-.c/ zaar &.T ? supp 90 o i
?. .:A!2ld Akkadian!unknown !*,di-/" urudu zaar 6A' A, 9<A ?$ *,a-.c/ urudu zaar 6A' A, 9<F
?. .:A!&r III!'rehem +,di-/ ma)sa*)a zaaruruda 1i)ma-
1i
ur*
d
nin)1as$ 9U uruda 1u0)aar A&BT 0, 9E8
0$ 2,di-/ gin* sa+:zaar A&BT 0, ?3E ?$ +,di-/ ma)la* zaar A&BT 0, ?F< @. .:A!&r
III!(irsu 8,a-/*,arig/ -e gur lugal gur zaar)!ta" ASG 93, 0@E 0?9 0$ +,a-/ -e gur lugal gur zaar)ta ASG
93, 0<? 030 0$ +,a-/ -e gur zaar)ta ASG 93, 0<? 030 0. .:A!&r
III!,ippur ; nig*-u udu gan zaar +,di-/ tug* a)ga* ; +,di-/ dug ru)!..." ". 93!0, 9E<
0$ +,di-/ gi pisangal zaar ". 93!0, 9E< 8$ +,di-/ e* -u)luh)ha zaar ". 93!0, 9E8 A. .:A!&r
III!&mmagur zaar)ta AAS 9F< EC$ gur zaar)ta AAS 9F< 0?C$ 5,di-/ ur2)dim zaar AAS 0A9 o i
8. .:A!&r III!&r e* e-0 e* zaar)-e0 &.T 3, 9093 A$ e* e-0 e* zaar)-e0 &.T 3, 909< ?$ nig*)
da2 alag zaar &.T 3, 9?8? 0@. .:A!&r III!unclear <,ge-*/ 2,u/ 2,di-/ 1a1 zu*zaar A&BT 0, 3?0
0$ 0,ge-*/ +,u/ 8,di-/ 1a1 zu* zaar 1u2 *,di-/)ta A&BT 0, 3?0 ?$0,u/ 0,di-/ 1a1 zu* zaar tur A&BT 0,
3?0 3. .:A!&r III!unknown 0,di-/ za0)mi)ri*)tumzaar ge-)a du0)a H2S 0@, 080 0. .:A!.arly 2ld
"abylonian!unknown zaar)i a)ra)1e-*"I, 9F, 9?E <$ *,di-/ pisan gal zaar sag
6
"I, 9F, 083
3$ +,di-/
ge-
e* zaar "I, 09, 0@9 <. .:A!2ld "abylonian!,ippur alag li)li)e-0 !zaar" 2" Bontracts, pl.
A< no. @ 09C..:A!2ld "abylonian!&mma +,di-/ *30,di-/ ma)na zaar A&BT 3, A0? 0$ sag zaar)a)i -u)
agi$)gi$)dam A&BT 3, A0? A. unknown!.' IIIb!(irsu +,a-.c/ zaar0 dili* ma*)dilmun '- 9@0 o ii
A$ +,a-.c/ zaar0 dili* ma*)dilmun '- 9<F o i 0$ +,a-.c/ zaar0 dili* ma*)dilmun '- 9<F o ii
<. unknown!.' IIIb!,ippur +,a-.c/ U(I
urudu
zaar 2S- 0, 9F@ A$<,a-.c/ ha)!zi" zaar urudu 2S- 0, 9F8
0$ zaar mah)zu mu)U(U
46
ASG 0<, p. A3IA< prism v 0A. unknown!.' IIIb!unclear 2,a-.c/ zaar 6B
A, 9E o i A. unknown!.' IIIb!unknown +,a-.c/ ha)zi zaar0 ITT @, 9F?AF o i 0. unknown!2ld
Akkadian!Adab +,a-.c/ma)-a)lum zaar 2I- 90A, 099 0$ +,a-.c/ -u)nig* zaar 2I- 90A, 093
0$ +,a-.c/ 1un)gag zaar 2I- 90A, 093 ?. unknown!2ld Akkadian!(irsu +,a-/ zaar -u 6D, 09, 03E
0.unknown!2ld Akkadian!unknown !..." zaar -"S 9F, 9E? ?$ +,a-.c/ pa*)tar* zaar -"S 9F, 03?
3$ sa+: zaar)1am STTI 9@A A$ sa+: zaar)1am STTI 9@A ?$ +3*,a-.c/ ma)na5,a-.c/ gin* zaar STTI
9@A ?$ +,a-.c/ pisan tur zaar gu*)ne)sag gal*)a ITT ?, 9A<F9 o ii @. unknown!&r III!'rehem +,di-/
zaar
ma*)
gur< zaar 6D, 0@, ??< 0$ +,di-/-u)-a)gar zaar 6D, ?9, 930 0$ +,di-/ 1un)du0 zaar 6D,
?9, 930 ?. unknown!&r III!(irsu +,di-/ *30,di-/ ma)na *30,di-/ gin* zaar ASG 08, 0<< 8 r ii
03$ +,u/ *,di-/+30,di-/ ma)na 2,di-/ gin* zaar ASG 08, 0<E F o ii 09$ +,u/ *,di-/ *30,di-/ ma)
na 2,di-/gin* zaar ASG 08, 0<E F o i 8. unknown!&r III!,ippur <,di-/ gin* zaar ""D2 00, ?<8, @,I
T@99 0$ +,di-/ ga)uh0 gal zaar ""D2 00, ?F8, <,ITE0E @. unknown!&r
III!&mma+,di-/ 1u- sa zaar :Juomo @@ o i 0F$ a)ri*)ga zaar 6D, 0<, 9<<F 3$ +,di-/ a*)a-)
gar zaar 6D, 0<, 00A? 0. unknown!&r III!&r +,di-/ -u -a nig* zaar SAT ?, 993F 0C$+,di-/ 1un)
1a1 zaar SAT ?, 993F ?C$ $,di-/
ge-
dur* zaar sumun SAT ?, 993F AC$+,di-/ gir*)ur*)
ra zaar sumun SAT ?, 993F @C. unknown!&r III!unclear !;" ma)di)tumzaar a ; ; ; ; 6D, 08, <08
@. unknown!2ld "abylonian!unknown +,di-/
gi-
gu)za ser0)!da" zaar gar)ra T:" @, 98 0.
= hi/mi1:.>!2ld "abylonian!,ippur zaar hi)a 2" ,ippur &ra ? @3F. .:A!&r
III!(irsuU=7&G&' $,di-/ gal za)hum zaar hi)a HSS 9A, 99@ r ii ?$ +,u/ 2,di-/ gal za)hum zaarhi)
a 6D, 0E, 99E 0A$ 5,di-/ ha)zi zaar hi)a 6D, 0E, 99E 08$ !;" za)hum zaar hi)a2T7 ?AA
0<$ 5,di-/ ha)zi)in zaar hi)a T&T 0?< o i 0E$ !;" la* +,di-/ gal za)hum zaarhi)a &'T 990
00. unknown!2ld Akkadian!Adab U=7&G&' 0,u/ *,a-.c/ zaar hi)a 2I- 90A, 093 A. unknown!&r
III!(irsu 0,di-/ gal za)hum zaar hi)a ASG 08, 0<E F r i @$ 0,di-/gal za)hum zaar hi)a ASG 08, 0<E F r
i 0<.
See# guza gar zabar Kar$ mar zabar$ Lu zabar du.
2. arrowhead
3. weapon
. !etal !irror
". (to be) shin#
$. !easuring %essel !ade o& bron'e
(. a !etal bowl
8. bron'e
Akk. ebbu ;bright$ pure$ clean;$ hutpu ;bronze arrowhead;$ kakku ;stick$ weapon;$ mulu ;metal
mirror;$ namru ;bright, shining;$ q ;a capacity measure, as measuring vessel;$ sappu ;a bowl$ a
lance;$ siparru ;bronze;.
/0FF?1 -. Steinkeller and G.,. -ostgate, :AT A8.
)ee *+,)-: zabarMbronze.
LaCuLa /:A,B.1 wr.
e
a3-u19-a4 ;a lance; Akk. sappu
[1]
KeL
La
3
Iu
0F
ILa
A
%
geL
La
3
Iu
0F
ILa
A
+
1. a lan.e
Akk. sappu ;a bowl$ a lance;.
UD.%&.'&(
zabar
zabar /"72,5.1.
Null listing.
Also: sipar, zibar.
zabar
zabar /"72,5.1
zabar-dab5
zabardab /2NNIBIA:1
zabar-u
zabarLu /6I77271
Sippar %Sumerian# 5imbir+ was an ancient ,ear .astern city on the east bank of
the .uphrates river, located at the site of modern Tell Abu Habbah in IraOCs "abil
(overnorate, some <9 km north of "abylon and 39 km southwest of "aghdad.
History
'espite the fact that thousands of cuneiform tablets have been recovered at the site, relatively
little is known about the history of Sippar. As was often the case in 6esopotamia, it was part
of a pair of cities, separated by a river. Sippar was on the east side of the .uphrates, while its
sister city, SipparIAmnanum, was on the west.
4hile pottery finds indicate that the site of Sippar was in use as early as the &ruk period,
substantial occupation occurred only in the .arly 'ynastic period of the 3rd millennium "B,
the 2ld "abylonian period of the ?nd millennium "B, and the,eoI"abylonian time of the 0st
millennium "B. :esser levels of use continued into the time of
the Achaemenid, Seleucid and-arthian .mpires.
Sippar was the cult site of the sun god %Sumerian &tu, Akkadian Shamash+ and the home of
his temple .Ibabbara.
The Bode of Hammurabi stele was probably erected at Sippar. Shamash was the god of
Pustice, and he is depicted handing authority to the king in the image at the top of the stele. A
closely related motif occurs on some cylinder seals of the 2ld "abylonian period. "y the end
of the 0Fth century "B, Sippar was producing some of the finest 2ld "abylonian cylinder
seals.
Sippar has been suggested as the location of the "iblical Sepharvaim in the 2ld Testament,
which alludes to the two parts of the city in its dual form.
Blassical speculation on Sippar
>isuthros, the ;Bhaldean ,oah; in Sumerian mythology, is said by "erossus to have buried
the records of the antediluvian world hereQpossibly because the name of Sippar was
supposed to be connected with sipru, ;a writing;. And according to
Abydenus, ,ebuchadnezzar II ecavated a great reservoir in the neighbourhood.
-liny %,atural History <.39.0?3+ mentions a sect, or school of Bhaldeans called the Hippareni.
Akkadian#
siparru
zabar /"72,5.1 wr. zabar$ zabar3 ;%to be+ bright, pure$ arrowhead$ weapon$ metal
mirror$ %to be+ shiny$ measuring vessel made of bronze$ a metal bowl$ bronze;
Akk. ebbu$ hutpu$ kakku$ mulu$ namru$ q$ sappu$ siparru
sippu
KeLkanak /GA6"1 wr. e-kan4-na$ ni-i-ka-an-ka-na-ak ;a part of a door frame, door Pamb;
Akk. gikanakku$ sippu
zadu /GA6"1 wr. za3-du8 ;door Pamb; Akk. sippu