All About Brahmans - Shri Gaur Brahaman Maha Sabha Bikaner

SHRI GAUR BRAHAMAN MAHA SABHA BIKANER
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WHAT IS BRAHMIN
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Brahmin
A Brahmin (also Brahman; Brhmaa) (Sanskrit (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sanskrit): [)
[Note 1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-0)
is a member of the priestly class in the
Indian subcontinent. Brahmins belong to the Upper Caste Society. According to ancient Hindu texts
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_texts) including the Manusmti (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusm%E1%B9%9Bti),
there are four "varnas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism))", or spiritual classes, into which all persons can be
divided, based on inherent temperament, and level of spiritual development achieved through manyincarnations
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reincarnation) the Brahmins (teachers, scholars and priests), the Kshatriyas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshatriya) (kings and warriors), the Vaishyas (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vaishya) andShudras (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudra) (agriculturists, artisans and merchants), (service
providers and laborers). Later, through corruption and misinterpretation of the sacred texts, this originally spiritual
classification became a hereditary social system in India. Brahmins were charged with performing religious duties as
priests and preaching Dharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma) (as "one who prays; a devout or religious man; a
Brhman who is well versed in Vedic texts; one versed in sacred knowledge"). The Brahmins held authority over
interpretation of Vedic and Puranic spiritual texts like the Vedas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas), Upanishads
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanishads) and Bhagavad-Gita (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavad-Gita), and were the
teachers of the Vedic period.
[citation needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)]
Brahmins, as they have been seen in the caste system as it developed through the course of history, have been
subjected to criticism for their important role in discrimination towards, and division and oppression of other castes and
communities. They had deprived the lower castes of education, and what has been seen as their supremacist and
conservative attitude, is said to have had a strong negative impact on Indian social structure. They had also added
practices to Indian society that unduly benefited them in the name of their purported, divinely endowed, privilege and
authority.
The English word brahmin is an anglicised form of the Sanskrit word Brhmana. Brahmins are also
called Vipra ("inspired"),
[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-1)
or Dvija ("twice-
born").
Due to the diversity in regional religious traditions and the Vedic schools which they belong to, Brahmins, in modern
usage of the term, are further divided into various sub-castes. Not all Brahmins are priests; only a subset of brahmins
are involved in the priestly duties, with vedic learning, ascetic and humble living. Brahmins have practised other
professions from the late Vedic ages, becoming doctors, smiths, lawyers, engineers, warriors, writers, poets, landlords,
ministers, etc. Many Brahmins have emigrated to other parts of the world in sizable numbers, particularly to the USA,
UK, Canada and Australia.

HISTORY
Main article: History of Hinduism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hinduism)
ALL ABOUT BRAHMANS - SHRI GAUR BRAHAMAN MAHA S... http://shrigaurbrahmanmahasabhabikaner.webs.com/
1 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
The history of the Brahmin community in modern India claims its origin to be with the Vedic religion
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion) of early Hinduism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism), now
often referred to by Hindus as Sanatana Dharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanatana_Dharma). The Vedas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas) are said to be the primary source of knowledge for brahmin practices.
Most sampradayas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampradaya) (religious practices) of modern Brahmins claim to take
inspiration from the Vedas. According to orthodox Hindu tradition, the Vedas are apaurueya and andi (beginning-less),
and are revealed truths of eternal validity.
The Vedas are considered ruti (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aruti_(scripture)) ("that which is heard") and are
the paramount source on which modern Brahmin tradition claims to be based. Shruti includes not only the four Vedas
(theRigveda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda), the Yajurveda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajurveda), the Samaveda
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaveda) and the Atharvaveda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atharvaveda)), but also their
respectiveBrahmanas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanas), Aranyakas (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Aranyakas) and Upanishads (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanishads).
In 1931 (the last Indian census (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_census) to record caste), Brahmins accounted for
4.32% of the total population. Even in Uttar Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh), where they were most
numerous, Brahmins constituted just 12% of the recorded population. In Andhra Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh), they formed less than 2%; in Tamil Nadu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu)they formed
less than 3%.
In Kerala (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kerala), Nambudiri Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambudiri_Brahmin) make up 0.7% of the population. In
west bengal too the figures stand the same. According to the 2001 census, Brahmins constitute less than 4.1% of the
Indian population.
[EDIT (HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=BRAHMIN&ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=2)]BRAHMIN
COMMUNITIES
See also: Brahmin communities (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin_communities)
[EDIT (HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=BRAHMIN&ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=3)]BRAHMIN
AND GENETIC COMMUNITIES
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Y-
Haplogroup_R1_distribution.png)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Y-
Haplogroup_R1_distribution.png)
Distribution of R1a (purple) and R1b
(red).
Main article: Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a_(Y-DNA))
R1a is typical in populations of Eastern Europe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe),Indian Subcontinent
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent) and parts of Central Asia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia). It
has a significant presence in Northern Europe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europe),Central Europe
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Europe), Iran (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran), Altaians (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Altai_Republic) and Xinjiang (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang)(China) as well as in Siberia
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia). R1a can be found in low frequencies in the Middle East (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Middle_East), mostly inIndo-European (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European) speakers or their
2 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
descendants.
The highest levels of R1a (>50%) are found across the Eurasian Steppe (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe): West Bengal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal)Brahmins (72%), and Uttar Pradesh
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh) Brahmins, (67%) , the Ishkashimi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Ishkashimi_people&action=edit&redlink=1) (68%), the Tajik (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T
%C4%81jik_people)population of Khojant (64%), Kyrgyz (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz) (63.5%), Sorbs
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbs) (63.39%), Poles (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles) (56.4%), Ukrainians (50%)
and Russians
(50%)
[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Wells2001-5)[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Semino2000-6
in the Central India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) among the saharia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharia) tribe
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe) of Madhya Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh)R1a*(22.8%)
and R1a1(28.07%).
R1a has been variously associated with:
the re-colonization of Eurasia during the Late Glacial Maximum (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Late_Glacial_Maximum).
[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Semino2000-6)[10] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite
the expansion of the Kurgan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurgan_hypothesis) people from the Pontic-Caspian
steppe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontic-Caspian_steppe), which is associated with the spread of
the Indo-European languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-
European_languages).
[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Wells2001-5)[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Sem
The Modern studies for R1a1 (M17) suggest that it could have originated in South Asia. It could have found its way
initially from Western India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (Gujarat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarat))
through Pakistan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) and Kashmir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir), then
viaCentral Asia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia) and Russia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia), before
finally coming to Europe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe)"..."as part of an archaeologically dated Paleolithic
movement from east to west 30,000 years
ago
[11] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Underhill_et_al._2009-11)
.
The Brahmin castes may be broadly divided into two regional groups: Pancha-Gauda (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Pancha-Gauda) Brahminsfrom Northern India and considered to be North of Vindhya mountains and Pancha-
Dravida Brahmins from South of Vindhya mountains as per the shloka (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shloka).
However, this sloka is from Rajatarangini of Kalhana, which was composed only in the 11th century CE.
g *,
g 7dH ||
P1 7
| 3c ,
7| E 71|cP ||
Translation: Karnataka (Kannada), Telugu (Andhra), Dravida (Tamil and Kerala), Maharashtra and Gujarat are Five
Southern (Panch Dravida). Saraswata, Kanyakubja (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakubja), Gauda, Utkala (Orissa),
Maithili are Five Northern (Pancha Gauda). This classification occurs in Rajatarangini (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rajatarangini) of Kalhana (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalhana)and earlier in some
inscriptions
[EDIT (HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=BRAHMIN&ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=4)]PANCHA
GAUDA BRAHMINS
Panch Gaur (the five classes of Northern India): (1) Saraswat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswat), (2) Kanyakubja
Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakubja_Brahmins), (3)Maithil Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Maithil_Brahmins), (4) Gauda brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauda_brahmins) (including Sanadhyas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanadhyas&action=edit&redlink=1)), and (5) Utkala Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utkala_Brahmins). In addition, for the purpose of giving an account of Northern Brahmins
each of the provinces must be considered separately, such as Kashmir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir), Nepal
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal), Uttarakhand (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand), Himachal
3 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal), Kurukshetra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukshetra),Rajputana
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputana), Uttar Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh), Andhra
Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh), Assam (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam), Ayodhya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodhya) (Oudh), Gandhara (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhara), Punjab
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region),Bengal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal), Orissa
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa), Bihar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar), North Western Provinces and
Pakistan, Sindh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh), Central India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_India), and
Tirhut, among others. They originate from south of the (now-extinct) Sarasvati
River.
[14] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-autogenerated1-14)
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=5)]Assam
In Assam (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam), out of many sects of Hindu people which include Brahmins
(Assamese: AXl lY+, Hindi: HP| [ or Hindi: HP [ or Hindi: HP| [), Kalitas, and
Ahoms among others, the Brahmin community is comparatively small. Assamese Brahmins are found mostly
inLower Assam (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Assam), Upper-Assam (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Upper_Assam) and throughout the entire Brahmaputra Valley (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley). Assamese Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_Brahmins)are believed to
have their origins in Kannauj (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannauj), Uttar Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh), who generally migrated duringKamarupa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamarupa) Kingdom
period to Lower Assam (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Assam) and then to rest of Brahmaputra Valley
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley) and some migrated also from far off Rajasthan to that of
Karnataka. Brahmins in Assam are same as per their faith and customs with that of any other Brahmin community
across India. Each Brahmin family within the community carries a specific Gotra (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Gotra) (Proper Brahmin Identity Surname) which is specific for each family, thereby indicating their
origin. Sarma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarma), Barooah (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barua), Goswami
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goswami), Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharma),Chakravarty
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakraborty), are a few common Assamese Brahmin surnames
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_Brahmins), among many others. (See also:Assamese Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_Brahmins))
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=6)]Bihar
In Bihar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar), majority of Brahmins are Kanyakubja Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kanyakubja_Brahmin),bhatt brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhatt_brahmins&action=edit&
redlink=1) and Maithil Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maithil_Brahmins)with a significant population
of Sakaldiwiya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakaldiwiya) or Shakdwipi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Shakdwipi) Brahmins. The distinctive 'caste' identity of Bhumihar Brahman emerged largely through military
service, and then confirmed by the forms of continuous 'social spending' which defined a man and his kin as
superior and lordly.
In 19th century, many of the Bhumihar
Brahmins were zamindars (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Zamindar).
Of the 67,000 Hindus
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindus) in the Bengal Army (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Army) in 1842, 28,000
were identified as Rajputs and 25,000 as Brahmins, a category that included Bhumihar
Brahmins.
[17] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-The_Boxers.2C_China.2C_and_the_World-17)
The
Brahmin presence in the Bengal Army (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Army) was reduced in the late
nineteenth century because of their perceived primary role as mutineers in the Mutiny of 1857
(http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Mutiny_of_1857),
[17] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-The_Boxers.2C_China.2C_and_the_World-17)
led
by Mangal Pandey (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangal_Pandey).
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=7)]Gujarat
Brahmin communities, sub-castes and families in Gujarat include the following:
Aboti Brahmin Anavil Brahmin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anavil_Brahmin) Audichya Brahmins Baj Khedawal
4 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedaval) (Khedaval Brahmin) Bardai Brahmins . Trivedi Mewada
Brahmin Bhattmewada Brahmins Chauriyasi Mewada Brahmin Tapodhan Brahmin Modh
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modh) Brahmins Nandwana Brahmins Shrigaud Brahmins Nagar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagar) Brahmins Sachora Brahmins Sidhra-Rudhra Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidhra-Rudhra_Brahmins) Shrimali (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimali) Brahmins
Swarnkar Brahmins Rajya purohit Brahmins Sompura Brahmins Kapil Brahmin (known to be descended
from Kapil muni) originally residents of Kavi village in Jambusar Taluka, now most of them residing in Bharuch,
Vadodara and Surat Kanojiya Kandoliya Brahmin Unevad Brahmin and many others including: Chhariya,
Nathadiya, Badhiya, Bhaglani, Lakhlani, Bhuvadiya, Kailaya, Sardavarti, Ramani, Pingal, Kutch Bhatt Kanojiya
Bramin Mandal, Kutch, Morbi, Jamnagar, Rajkot, Saradiya, Nagalpar and Medhpar-Junagadh Upreti.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=8)]Haryana
/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg)
This section
requires expansion
/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&
action=edit) .
Kaushik (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaushik) Kaushik/Koushik(|T) is a ancient Indian'Gotra'. Origin of
Kaushik can be referenced to an ancient Hindu text. There was a Rishi (saint) by the name of "Vishvamitra"
literally meaning 'friend of the universe','vishwa' as in universe and mitra as in 'friend', he was also called as Rishi
"Kaushik"
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=9)]Madhya Pradesh
This section
requires expansion
action=edit) .
In western Madhyapradesh, especially in the "malwa" region, there are many "shrigoud" brahmins.
"Shrigoud Brahmins" are the root of all the other classified Brahmins. "Gaud" means Root. The word "Brahman"
emerges out from Lord Brahma. Some clan of highly esteemed Upreti Brahmins are also found in this state.
They were originally migrated from Kumaon regions.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=10)]Nepal
Brahmins are the second largest caste group in Nepal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal), Chhetri
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhetri)(Kshatriya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshatriya)) being the first. Brahmins
were inhabitants of Nepal from the prehistoric time. There are references about brahmins of Nepal in bansawali
and purans. Brahmins and kshetriyas are portrayed as outsiders, who migrated from India by the armed political
groups mainly maoists for recruiting the members of other ethnic groups in Nepal.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=11)]Odisha/Orissa
The Sanskrit text Brhmaotpatti-Mrtaa by Pt. Harikrishna stri mentions according to which a king named
Utkala invited brahmins from Gangetic Valley for performing a yajna in Jagannath-Puri; when the yajna ended the
invited brahmins laid the foundation of the Lord Jagannath there and settled there for serving the Lord
The Utkala Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utkala_Brahmins) are of two classes 1) Shrotriya (vaidika) and
2) Sevaka (doing accessory rites) Brahmin. Again, there are many sub-classes in these two classes.
1) Shrotriyas are mainly adherents of Vedas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veda), especially:
a) Shakalya shakha of Rigveda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda) b) Kanva shakha of Shukla Yajurveda
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukla_Yajurveda) c) Ranayana/Kauthuma shakha of Samaveda
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaveda) d) Paippalada shakha of Atharvaveda (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Atharvaveda)
2) Sevakas generally belong to brahmins doing accessory rites like cooking in temples, helping in procession of
5 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
temple deity. They generally follow any of the Veda of their choice for family rites but they cannot perform
Vedic sacrifices.
Utkala or Oriya Brahmin surnames include: Acharya, Mishra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishra),
BhattaMishra, Tripathi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripathi), Dash (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Dash_(Oriya_surname)), DashSharma, Dwivedi, Udgata or udgt (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udg
%C4%81t%E1%B9%9B), Hota or Hot (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%E1%B9%9B), Dikshit
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikshit), Satapathy (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satapathy&
action=edit&redlink=1), Chaturvedi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaturvedi), Debata (Devta), Kar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar), Bishi, Suara, Mahasuara, Garabadu, Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sharma), Nath, Choudhury, Sahu, Dyansamantray, Panigrahi, Guru (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru),
Rajguru, Rayguru, Mahapatra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahapatra), Pani, Mohapatra (some of
them), Rath (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rath), RathSharma, Sharma, Patri, Sadangi, Pani, Thakur (found
mostly in Kalahandi and Sambalpur), Pati, Bahinipati, Vedi, Trivedi, Sarangi, Pattajoshi, Joshi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshi), Gantayat, Behera (found mostly in Kalahandi and Sambalpur), Sar (some
of them), Sabat, Swain (some of them), Shukla (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukla),Panda
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandey) or Pandit (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandit), BadaPanda, PujaPanda,
Sabata, Nanda, Purohit, Pujari, Padhiary, Pathi, Nepak, Devasharma, Praharaj, Padhi, Otta, Khadenga, and
Pradhan (some of them)senapati.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=12)]Punjab
The Brahmins of the Punjab region are chiefly Saraswat Brahmins. They have a special association with the
Punjab since they take their name from the river, Saraswati.
In Punjab, the Saraswat Brahmins are further divided into following main sections.
1. Panja jati (five families), the highest subgroup of Punjabi Brahmins whose surnames are Jaitly, Trikha,
Kumoria, Jinghan, and Mohla.
2. Barahis (twelvers), who marry among twelve castes only. This group belongs to the Shakadweepi
Brahmins/ Maga Brahmins.
3. Bawanjais (fifty-twoers), who marry among fifty-two houses only.
4. Athwans (seven families/seveners) and include Joshis, Kurals, Bhanots, Sands, Pathaks, Bharadwajs,
Shouries. These eight families marry among each other.
5. Mohyals- the warrior brahmin race. They are a distinct category of Brahmins who combine military
knowledge with learning. They strictly refrain from performing priestly duties, often to the point of
excommunicating anyone who violates that rule. They are a group comprising of seven clans (Balis,
Bhimwals, Chhibber, Datts, Mohan, Laus and Vaids). They generally own lands and are mostly involved in
military and administrative services. They eat meat and are not very strict in the observance of religious
taboos. They also marry within the seven clans.
6. Bhaskars Gotra Vashisht originating from a place "Badu ki Gusaiyaan" now in Pakistan.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=13)]Rajasthan
There are lots of type of Brahmin in Rajasthan. Bhardwaj, Dadhich, Gaur, Upreti, Gujar gaur, Kaushik,
Pushkarna, Vashishta, Jangid Brahmins. Most Brahmins in India are strict vegetarians. One group is Brahmin
Swarnkar, which developed from Shrimal Nagar's brahmins (now known as Bhinmal). They are called
"Brahmin Swarnkars" because a group of Brahmins adopted a swarnkar business for their enhancement of
life style, and so these brahmins are called as Brahmin Swarnkars. Being a brahmins, brahmin swarnkar,
have main 9 Rishi gotras.
1. Atri, 2. Kashyap, 3. Kaushik, 4. Gautam, 5. Parashar, 6. Bhardwaj, 7. Vatsat, 8. Vashisht, 9. Haritas.
Upreti(d|:39|), is a community of highly regarded Brahmins living in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand
state of India. A few are also found in Rajasthan . According to their traditions, they are the descendents of
the sage Bharadwaj.[1]
There are subgotras in each Rishi Gotras, and total gotras are about 84 which were developed by Shri
6 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Dharmsi ji at Keradu during the 7th century.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=14)]Jammu and
Kashmir
There are many types of brahmins in Jammu and Kashmir (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir). The Brahmans of Jammu Province are known as Dogra Brahmans
(http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people/brahmins/list.htm) (or Dogra Pandit), whereas Brahmans of
Kashmir are known as Kashmiri Brahmans (or Kashmiri Pandits (http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people
/brahmins/list.htm) ). There are also Brahmans known as Kishtwari Brahmans, Bhaderwahi Brahmans,
Poonchi Brahmans, Mirpuri Brahmans, and Punjabi Brahmans in small numbers in Jammu and Kashmir.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=15)]Dogra Brahmans
The Brahmans of Jammu are known as Dogra Brahmins (http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people
/brahmins/list.htm) . Some popular Dogra Brahmans are Prem Chand Dogra (Mr Universe 1987 -
Bodybuilding), Pandit Prem Nath Dogra, Pandit Shiv Kumar Sharma (http://music.indobase.com
/instrumentalists/pandit-shiv-kumar-sharma.html) , noted santoor (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Santoor) player; Padma Sachdev (writer, lyricist) and Pandit Prem Nath Shastri (writer).
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=16)]Uttar Pradesh
In Uttar Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh) from west to east: Sanadhya, Gauda and
Tyagi (Western Uttar Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Uttar_Pradesh)), Kanyakubja (Central
Uttar Pradesh), Sarayuparin (Central Uttar Pradesh, Eastern, Northeast, and Southeast Uttar
Pradesh),bhatt(Eastern and Central uttar prdesh) and Maithil (Varanasi and Agra region), Suryadhwaja
Brahmins (Western Uttar Pradesh), Southwestern Uttar Pradesh, i.e. Bundelkhand has a dense population
of Jujhotia brahmins (branch of Kanyakubja brahmins: ref. Between History & Legend: Power & Status in
Bundelkhand by Ravindra K Jain). On the Jijhoutia clan of Bhumihar Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Bhumihar), William Crooke writes, "A branch of the Kanaujia Brahmins (Kanyakubja Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanyakubja_Brahmin)) who take their name from the country of Jajakshuku,
which is mentioned in the Madanpur (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Madanpur) inscription."
Mathure or mathuria
Brahmins 'choubeys' are limited to Mathura area. ))Upreti(d|:39|),is a highly esteemed community
of Brahmins living in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. Some branches of Upreti brahmin are also found in
Uttar Pradesh (mainly in Agra), Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan & now in Gujrat, they were originally migrated
from Kumaon region. According to their traditions, they are the descendants of the sage Bharadwaj.[1]
According to Pandit Badri Datt Pandey's legendary book History of Kumaon, the Upretis were originally
inhabitants of Maharashtra region of western India, or from Kannauj from where they migrated to the hills.
They migrated to Nepal along with other Brahmins from Almora under the royal patronage of the Hindu
kingdom when the Kumaon region was under the control of the Gurkhas till the early 19th Century.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=17)]Bengal
This section
requires expansion
action=edit) .
There are many sub-castes, including Rarhi, Barendra, Saiba (Rudraja) and Agradani. Some of the gotras
are Savarna, Sandilya, Bharadwaj, Kashyap and Vatsya.
[EDIT (HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=BRAHMIN&ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=18)]PANCHA DRAVIDA
The Panch Dravida (the five classes of Southern India) are: 1. Andhra, 2. Dravida (Tamil and Kerala), 3.
Karnataka, 4. Maharashtra and Konkon, and 5.
7 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Gujarat.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=19)]Maharashtra
According to the Census of 1931, the population of the Brahmins in Maharashtra was 781,448, which
constituted 2.39% of the total
population.
Maharashtra Brahmins have several
sub-castes. The Census Report of the Bombay Province of 1911 lists all the sub-castes of the
Maharashtra Brahmins, which are as follows:
Chitpavan Konkanastha Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Chitpavan_Konkanastha_Brahmins)
1.
Deshastha Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmins) 2.
Devrukhe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devrukhe) 3.
Golak or Gowardhan 4.
Jawal or Khot 5.
Kanva (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanva) 6.
Karhade Brahmin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karhade_Brahmin) 7.
Kuwant or Kramavant 8.
Maitrayani 9.
Palshikar 10.
Samavedi 11.
Savvashe 12.
Tirgul or Trigartha, etc. 13.
Mrs. Irawati Karve has recorded a sub-caste called Charak Brahmins around Nagpur, belonging to the
Krishna Yajurved branch. However, these several sub-castes are broadly grouped into three main
divisions, namely Deshastha, Konkanastha and Karhade Brahmins. The Saraswat Brahmins of the
Pancha-Gouda group is said to be the fourth branch. Unlike other Maharashtra Brahmins, Saraswats
traditionally eat fish and meat. Devarukhe and Kramvant Brahmins inhabit Konkan, but originally they
were Deshasthas. They are the priests for the lower castes. The Kramvant Brahmins migrated to Kokan
from Paithan in historic times.
In Maharashtra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra), Panch Dravid Brahmins are dravids from
Maharastra. They are classified into five groups: Chitpavan Konkanastha Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan_Konkanastha_Brahmins), Deshastha Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmins), Karhade Brahmin (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Karhade_Brahmin), andDevrukhe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devrukhe). As the name indicates,
Kokanastha Brahmins are from Konkan area. Deshastha Brahmins are from plains of Maharashtra,
Karhade Brahmins are perhaps from Karhatak (an ancient region in India that included present day
south Maharashtra and northern Karnataka) and Devrukhe Brahmins are from Devrukh near Ratnagiri
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratnagiri). Gaur Saraswat Brahman though found in Maharashtra belong to
Panch Gaur brahman. Their origins are in Saraswat desh identified as Punjab and Kashmir region. The
name Saraswat derives from Saraswati river that flowed through Punjab into Rajasthan into Kutch.
Daivadnya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daivadnya) is another caste, claiming its descent from Maga
Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakadwipi), and is found all along the west coast of India.
Though Sringeri (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sringeri) Shankaracharya (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Shankaracharya) recognizes them as Dravida, this claim is not always accepted by other orthodox
creeds.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=20)]Karnataka
Kannada Brahmins are Brahmins whose mother-tongue is the Kannada language. Nearly all of them hail
from the south Indian state of Karnataka. Kannada Brahmins are known to have preserved the purest
form of Vedic Hinduism. It is in this region that the rituals and Vedic chanting are done with great
accuracy. Kannada Brahmins follow one of the three schools of Vedanta philosophy, which are Advaita,
8 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Vishitadvaita and Dvaita. These communities are further divided into different sub-castes based on
the locality of their ancestry. For further information seeKannada Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kannada_Brahmins).
Havyakas means Brahmin in Karnataka. Smarthas and Madhwas are also a set of Brahmins.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=21)]Andhra
Pradesh
Most of the Brahmins in Andhra Pradesh belong to smaarta Brahmin group, i.e., the followers of
smritis and followers of Adi Sankaracharya. The smaarta Brahmins follow Apastambasmriti or
Apastambasutra (not Manusmriti). Apasthamba (~600 BC) was one of the earliest lawmakers of
south India who lived on the banks of River Godavari. Boudhayana, Parasara, Yajnvalkya sutras and
other laws were also important in the past, e.g., in the courts of Srikrishnadevaraya. Pradhamasakha
Niyogi Brahmins follow Yajnavalkya sutras and Kanva sutras. The smaarta Brahmins in Andhra
Pradesh can be grouped into two major divisions formed about a thousand to about 700 years ago
(most probably during Kakatiya rule), Niyogi and Vaidiki. However, in addition to smaarta Brahmins,
there are other Brahmin groups such as Sri Vaishnavas, Madhavas and
Aradhyas.
Niyogi Brahmins are those brahmins who were mostly scholars and officials under kings of different
dynasties in ancient India. While Vaidiki Brahmins are the brahmins who undertook the religious
vocation with vedik learning. They are considered to be experts in Sanskrit and Telugu (the state
language of Andhra Pradesh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh)) literature. See List of
Telugu Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Telugu_Brahmins) and Telugu Brahmins
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_Brahmins).
Brahmins are broadly classified into 2 groups: Vaidiki Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vaidiki_Brahmins) (meaning educated in vedas and performing religious vocations) and Niyogi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyogi) (performing only secular vocation). They are further divided into
several sub-castes. However, majority of the Brahmins, both Vaidika and Niyogi, perform only secular
professions.
There are Vaikhanasa Brahmins/Vaikhanasas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaikhanasa_Brahmins
/Vaikhanasas), a tiny Vaishnavite Brahmin community of about 2,500 families widely dispersed in
South India at Vaishnava temples in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka.
Vaikhanasa agamam is the guiding principle for rituals inTirumala Venkateswara temple
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirumala_Venkateswara_temple&action=edit&redlink=1).
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=22)]Tamil Nadu
Brahmins form two main groups, Iyers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyers), who follow the Advaita
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita) (non-dualism) philosophy andIyengars (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Iyengars), who follow the Vishistadvaita (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishistadvaita) (qualified
non-dualism) philosophy. The Iyer and Iyengar communities are further divided into several
subgroups, depending on differences in philosophical orientation.
There are Vaikhanasa Brahmins/Vaikhanasas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaikhanasa_Brahmins
/Vaikhanasas), a tiny Vaishnavite Brahmin community of about 2,500 families widely dispersed in
South India at Vaishnava temples in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka.
Vaikhanasa agamam is the guiding principle for rituals inTirumala Venkateswara temple
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirumala_Venkateswara_temple&action=edit&redlink=1)
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&section=23)]Kerala
The brahmins are Nambudiri (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambudiri) and Pushpaka
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpaka) brahmins.
9 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
SECTION=24)]BURMA (MYANMAR)
This article containsBurmese script
/wiki/Burmese_script). Without
proper rendering support
/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Burma),
you may see question marks, boxes,
or other symbols
/wiki/Mojibake)instead of Burmese
characters (http://scripts.sil.org
/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&
item_id=Padauk&highlight=padauk) .
Historically, Brahmins, known as ponna ( ) in modern-day Burmese
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_language) (Until the 1900s, ponnareferred to Indians
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Indians) who had arrived prior to colonial rule, distinct from
the kala, Indians who arrived during British rule), formed an influential group prior in Burma to
British colonialism. During the Konbaung dynasty (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty),
court Brahmins were consulted by kings for moving royal capitals, waging wars, making offerings
to Buddhist sites like the Mahamuni Buddha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamuni_Buddha), and
for astrology.
[22] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-leider-22)
Burmese Brahmins can
be divided into four general groups, depending on their origins:
Manipur Brahmins (Burmese (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Burmese_language): ) - Brahmins who were sent to Burma
after Manipur (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur) became a Burmese vassal state in the
1700s and ambassadors from Manipur
Arakanese Brahmins (Burmese (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Burmese_language): ): Brahmins brought to Burma
fromArakan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhine_State) after it was conquered by the
Konbaung king Bodawpaya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodawpaya)
Sagaing Brahmins: oldest Brahmins in Burmese society, who had consulted the Pyu
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyu), Burman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burman)and Mon
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon) kingdoms prior to the Konbaung dynasty
Indian Brahmins: Brahmins who arrived with British colonial rule, when Burma became a part of
the British Raj (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj)
According to Burmese chronicles, brahmins in Burma were subject to the four-caste system
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system), which included brahmanas ( ),
kshatriyas ( ), vaishya ( ), and shudra ( ). Because the Burmese
monarchy enforced the caste system for Indians, Brahmins who broke caste traditions and laws
were subject to punishment. In the Arakanese kingdom, punished Brahmins often became kyun
ponna ( ), literally 'slave Brahmins', who made flower offerings to
Buddha images and performed menial tasks. During the Konbaung dynasty (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty), caste was indicated by the number of salwe (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Salwe) (threads) worn; brahmins wore nine, while the lowest caste wore none. Brahmins are
also fundamental in the Nine-God cult, called the Nine Divinities (Phaya Ko
Su ) which is essentially a Burmesepuja (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Puja)
[disambiguation needed (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/Fixing_links)]
(puzaw
Burmese) of appeasing nine divinities, Buddha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha) and the
eightarahats (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat), or a group of nine deities, five Hindu gods and
four nats (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Nat_(spirit)).
[22] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-leider-22)
This practice
continues to be practiced in modern-day Burma.
10 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
SECTION=25)]GOTRAS AND PRAVARAS
See also: Classification of Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Classification_of_Brahmins)
Brahmins classify themselves on the basis of their patrilineal (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Patrilineal) descent from a notable ancestor. These ancestors are either ancient Indian
sages or kshatriyas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshatriyas) (warriors) who chose to become
Brahmins. The eight major gotras that trace descent from sages are: Kanva
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanva), Jamadagni (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Jamadagni),Bharadvja (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharadv%C3%A2ja), Gautama
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama), Atri (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atri), Vasishtha
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasishtha), Kashyapa (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kashyapa) and Agastya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agastya) gotra. Two gotras that
trace descent from kshatriyas are Harita (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harita) and Vishvamitra
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishvamitra) gotra.
In general, gotra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotra) denotes any person who traces descent in
an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor. Pini defines gotra for grammatical
purposes as 'apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram' (IV. 1. 162), which means: "the word gotra
denotes the progeny (of a sage) beginning with the son's son". When a person says, "I am
Kashypasa-gotra", he means that he traces his descent from the ancient sage Kashyapa by
unbroken male descent. This enumeration of eight primary gotras seems to have been known
to Pini (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini). These gotras are not directly
connected to Prajapathy or latter brama. The offspring (apatya) of these Eight are gotras and
others than these are called
'gotrvayava'.
The gotras are arranged in groups, e. g. there are according to the svalyana-srautastra
four subdivisions of the Vasishtha gana, viz. Upamanyu, Parshara (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Par%C4%81shara&action=edit&redlink=1), Kundina (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kundina) and Vasishtha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasishtha) (other than the first three).
Each of these four again has numerous sub-sections, each being called gotra. So the
arrangement is first into ganas, then into pakshas, then into individual gotras. The first has
survived in the Bhrigu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhrigu) and ngirasa (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=%C4%80ngirasa&action=edit&redlink=1) gana. According to Baudh., the
principal eight gotras were divided into pakshas. The pravara of Upamanyu is Vasishtha
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasishtha), Bharadvasu, Indrapramada; the pravara of the
Parshara gotra is Vasishtha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasishtha), Shktya, Prsharya; the
pravara of the Kundina gotra is Vasishtha, Maitrvaruna, Kaundinya and the pravara of
Vasishthas other than these three is simply Vasishtha. It is therefore that some define pravara
as the group of sages that distinguishes the founder (lit. the starter) of one gotra from another.
There are two kinds of pravaras, 1) sishya-prasishya-rishi-parampara, and 2) putrparampara.
Gotrapravaras can be ekarsheya, dwarsheya, triarsheya, pancharsheya, saptarsheya, and up
to 19 rishis. Kashyapasa gotra has at least two distinct pravaras in Andhra Pradesh: one with
three sages (triarsheya pravara) and the other with seven sages (saptarsheya pravara). This
pravara may be either sishya-prasishya-rishi-parampara or putraparampara. Similarly,
Srivatsasa gotra has five sages or is called Pancharsheya and are the descendants of
Jamadagni. When it is sishya-prasishya-rishi-parampara marriage is not acceptable if half or
more than half of the rishis are same in both bride and bridegroom gotras. If it is
putraparampara, marriage is totally unacceptable even if one rishi
matches.
11 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
SECTION=26)]SECTS AND RISHIS
Due to the diversity in religious and cultural traditions and practices, and the Vedic schools
which they belong to, Brahmins are further divided into various subcastes. During the sutra
period, roughly between 1000 BCE to 200 BCE, Brahmins became divided into
various Shakhas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakha)(branches), based on the adoption of
different Vedas and different rescension Vedas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas). Sects
for different denominations of the same branch of the Vedas were formed, under the
leadership of distinguished teachers among Brahmins.
There are several Brahmin law givers, such as Angirasa (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Angirasa), Apasthambha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apasthambha), Atri
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atri), Bhrigu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhrigu), Brihaspati
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brihaspati),Boudhayana (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Boudhayana&action=edit&redlink=1), Daksha (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Daksha), Gautama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotama), Harita (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Harita), Katyayana (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyayana), Likhita
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Likhita&action=edit&redlink=1), Manu
/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)),
Parasara
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasara), Samvarta (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Samvarta&action=edit&redlink=1),Shankha (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Shankha), Shatatapa (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shatatapa&action=edit&
redlink=1), Ushanasa (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ushanasa&action=edit&
redlink=1), Vashishta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vashishta), Vishnu (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vishnu), Vyasa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyasa), Yajnavalkya (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Yajnavalkya) and Yama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yama_(Hinduism)). These
twenty-one rishis were the propounders of Smritis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smriti). The
oldest among these smritis are Apastamba, Baudhayana, Gautama, and Vasishta Sutras
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S
%C5%ABtra).
SECTION=27)]DESCENDANTS OF THE BRAHMINS
Many Indians and non-Indians claim descent from the Vedic Rishis of both Brahmin and
non-Brahmin descent. For example the Dash and Nagas (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Naga_people) are said to be the descendants of Kashyapa Muni
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashyapa). Visvakarmas are the descendants of Pancha Rishis
or Brahmarishies. According to Yajurveda and brahmanda purana, they are Sanagha,
Sanathana, Abhuvanasa, Prajnasa, and Suparnasa. The Kani tribe of South India
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India) claim to descend from Agastya Muni
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agastyar).
The Gondhali, Kanet, Bhot, Lohar, Dagi, and Hessis claim to be from Renuka Devi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renuka).
The Kasi Kapadi Sudras claim to originate from the Brahmin Sukradeva. Their duty was to
transfer water to the sacred city of
Kashi.
Dadheech Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadheech_Brahmins)/dayama brahmin
trace their roots from Dadhichi Rishi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadhichi). Many Jats clans
claim to descend from Dadhichi Rishi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadhichi) while the Dudi
Jats (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudi) claim to be in the linear of Duda Rishi.
Lord Buddha was a descendant of Angirasa (http://en.wikipedia.org
12 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
/wiki/Angirasa) through Gautama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_(Hindu_sage)).
There too were Kshatiryas of other clans to whom members descend from Angirasa, to
fulfill a childless king's wish.
The backward-caste Matangs claim to descend from Matang Muni (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Matanga), who became a Brahmin by his karma.
According to one legend, the nomadic tribe of Kerala, the Kakkarissi, are derived from the
mouth of Garuda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garuda), the vehicle of Vishnu, and came
out Brahmin.
SECTION=28)]BRAHMINS TAKING UP OTHER DUTIES
Brahmins have taken on many professions - from being priests, ascetics and scholars to
warriors and business people, as is attested for example in Kalhana's Rajatarangini.
Brahmins with the qualities of Kshatriyas are known as 'Brahmakshatriyas'. An example is
the avatara Parashurama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parashurama)who is considered
an avataram (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avataram&action=edit&
redlink=1) of Vishnu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu). Sage Parashurama was a
powerful warrior who had defeated the Haiheya kshatriyas twenty one times, was an
expert in the use of weapons, and trained others to fight without weapons. The Bhumihar
Brahmins (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumihar) were established whenParashurama
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parashurama) destroyed the Kshatriya race, and he set up in
their place the descendants of Brahmins, who, after a time, having mostly abandoned their
priestly functions (although some still perform), took to
land-owning.
Many brahmins took
up the profession of medicine. They are Vaidya brahmins called Baidya Brahmins
of Bengal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal) [gupta, dasgupta and senguptas] are
descendants of Dhanavantari, the god of medicine and father of Ayurveda.
The Brahmakhatris caste, descendants of the Khatris (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatri),
however, are a business caste/community of Punjab and belong to the Vaishya caste.
Khatri has often been misinterpreted as a variation of the word Kshatriya, meaning
warrior, however there are no records of any Khatri kingdoms or empires in Indian history
and this claim to Kshatriya is recently made in the 20th century.
Perhaps the word Brahma-kshatriya refers to a person belonging to the heritage of both
castes.
However,
among the Royal Rajput households, brahmins who became the personal teachers and
protectors of the royal princes rose to the status of Rajpurohit (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rajpurohit) and taught the princes everything including martial arts. They would also
become the keepers of the Royal lineage and its history. They would also be the
protectors of the throne in case the regent was orphaned and a minor.
Kshatriyan Brahmin is a term associated with people of both caste's
components.
The Pallavas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava) were an example of Brahmakshatriyas
as that is what they called themselves. King Lalitaditya Muktapida (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Lalitaditya) of Kashmir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir) ruled all of India and
even Central Asia.
Lord Viswakarma was a brahmin. He is believed to be the creator of this world. His
followers are now know as viswkarmas or viswabrahmins.
King Rudravarma of Champa (Vietnam) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champa) of 657 A.D.
was the son of a Brahmin
13 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
father.
King Jayavarma I (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayavarman_I) of Kambuja (Kampuchea)
of 781 A.D. was a Brahma-
kshatriya.
Brahmins with the qualities of a Vaisya or merchant are known as 'Brahmvyasya'. An
example of such persons are people of the
Ambastha
caste, which exist in
places like South India. They perform medical work - they have from ancient times
practiced the Ayurveda (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda) and have beenVaidyas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaidya) (or doctors).
Many Pallis of South India claim to be Brahmins (while others claim to be Agnikula
/wiki/Agnikula)Kshatriyas.)
Kulaman
Pallis are nicknamed by outsiders as Kulaman
Brahmans.
Hemu
from Rewari, Haryana was also a Brahmin by birth.
[EDIT (HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=BRAHMIN&
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=29)]PRACTICES
Brahmins, adhere to the principles of the Vedas, Manu Smriti, Sanatana Dharma, and
can be found in any of the different religions of Hinduism (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Hinduism), such as acceptance of the Vedas (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vedas). Brhmaashave six occupational duties, of which three are compulsory
namely, studying the Vedas, worshiping the Deity and giving charity. By teaching, by
inducing others to worship the Deity, and by accepting charity back,
the brhmaas receive the necessities of life. This is also confirmed in
the Manu-sahit:
a tu karmam asya
tri karmi jvik
yajandhypane caiva
viuddhc ca pratigraha
A brhmaa cannot take up any professional occupational duty for his livelihood.
The strasespecially stress this, if one claims to be
a brhmaa.
Brahmins believe
inSarvejanssukhinobhavatuLet the entire society be happy and prosperous
and Vasudhaiva kuubakathe whole world is one family. Many Brahmins are
reformers. Brahmins practicevegetarianism (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vegetarianism) or lacto-vegetarianism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacto-
vegetarianism) which has been a custom since several centuries dating back to B.C
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_Christ). Following this custom is mandatory in
brahmin culture. However, some among the Brahmins inhabiting cold regions of
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Nepal, and coastal areas like Bengal, eat fish and
are pesco-vegetarians (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescetarianism).
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=30)]SAMPRADAYAS
The three sampradayas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampradaya) (traditions) of
14 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Brahmins, especially in South India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India) are
the Smarta sampradaya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartism), the Srivaishnava
sampradaya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivaishnavism) and the Madhva
sampradaya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhvacharya).
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=31)]VAISHNAVISM
This section
requires expansion
action=edit) .
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=32)]SHAIVISM
This section
requires expansion
action=edit) .
Saivism (sometimes called Shivaism) is a belief system where Lord Shiva is
worshipped as the Supreme Lord. It is a derivative faith of the core Vedic tradition.
Saiva sects contains many sub-sects, such as Rudrasaivas, Veerasiavas,
Paramasaivas, etc.
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=33)]MISCELLANEOUS SECTS
There are additional sampradayas as well which are not as widely followed as the
rest.
The Mahima Dharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahima_Religion) or "Satya
Mahima Alekha Dharma" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satya_mahima_dharma) was
founded by the Brahmin Mukanda Das of present-day Orissa, popularly know by
followers as Mahima Swami according to theBhima
Bhoi text.
He
was born in the last part of 18th century in Baudh ex-state as a son of Ananta
Mishra. He was Brahmin by caste as mentioned in Mahima Vinod of Bhima Bhoi in
Vol.11. This sampradaya is similar to Vaishnavism. Although the members of this
sect do not worship Lord Vishnu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu) as
their Ishta-Deva (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishta-Deva), they believe that
the Srimad Bhagavatam (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srimad_Bhagavatam) is
sacred. The founder of this sect was a Vaishnavite before founding the new
order.
This
sampradaya was founded in the latter part of the 18th
century.
There is also the Avadhoot Panth (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avadhuta),
wherein Lord Dattatreya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dattatreya) and his forms such
as Narasimha Saraswati (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati) and Sai
Baba of Shirdi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi) are worshiped. Lord
Dattatreya is worshiped by many as the Hindu trinity - Brahma
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma), Vishnu (http://en.wikipedia.org
15 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
/wiki/Vishnu) and Shiva (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva) in one divine entity.
Many even worship Dattatreya as an avatar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Avatar_(Hinduism)) of Vishnu or of Shiva (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva).
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=34)]BRAHMINS IN OTHER RELIGIONS
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=35)]BUDDHISM
The Buddha redefined the word "brahman" so as to become a synonym for
arahant, replacing a distinction based on birth with one based on spiritual
attainment.
[37] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-37)[38] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-38)
A defining of feature of the Buddha's teachings is self-sufficiency, so much so as
to render the Brahminical priesthood entirely
redundant.
Dr. U. N. Roy,
a brahmin, promoted Buddhist art and philosophy; he also contributed an article
to Association for Sanskrit Studies.
The notion of ritual purity provided a conceptual foundation for the caste system,
by identifying occupations and duties associated with impure or taboo objects as
being themselves impure. Regulations imposing such a system of ritual purity and
taboos are absent from the Buddhist monastic code, and not generally regarded
as being part of Buddhist
teachings
To the contrary,
the early Buddhist scriptures defined purity as determined by one's state of mind,
and refer to anyone who behaves unethically, of whatever caste, as "rotting
within", or "a rubbish heap of
impurity".
There are many places in which the Buddha explains his use of the
word brahman. At Sutta Nipata (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sutta_Nipata) 1.7 Vasala Sutta, verse 12, he states: "Not by birth is one an
outcast; not by birth is one a brahman. By deed one becomes an outcast, by
deed one becomes a
brahman."
An entire
chapter of the Dhammapada (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhammapada) is
devoted to showing how a true brahman in the Buddha's use of the word is one
who is of totally pure mind, namely, an arahant (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Arahant).
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=36)]JAINISM
The first convert of Mahavira (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahavira), the
24th Tirthankara (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirthankara) of Jainism
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism) was Indrabhuti (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Indrabhuti) (aka Gautamswami) the Brahmin, who headed a group of
other Brahmins and converted them toJainism (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Jainism). He was from the village Gobbar (also called Govarya)
near Rajgriha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajgriha). It is said that at the sight
of Gautama, the tapsas who were competing with him to reach the top of a hill
once, by seeing the winner Gautama at the top, achieved
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moksha.
Sajjambhava was another born from Rajgriha and was elected the head of
the Jain temple. He is famous for his composition of the "Dasavaikalika
Sutra."
Acharya Vidyanand is a Brahmin of the Dhigambar Jain sect and compiled
in the Sanskrit language, "Ashta Shahastri" with eight thousand verses.
Acharya Shushil Kumar, known better to Jains as "Guruji", was born a
Vaidik in the Shakarpur village of the Haryana province. At the age of 15, he
took Diksha (became a sanyassin) into the Sthanakvasi, a Swhetambara
sub-sect.
There is also a story about a wealthy Brahmin named Dhangiri in the town
of Tumbhivan, who, when heard the sermons of the Jain Acharya Sinhgiri,
while he regularly listened to but later lost his interest in wealth and decided
to take the Diksha.
Umasvati was a composer who was so loved by Jains that he is considered
by the Dhigambar sect to be a Dhigambar member and the Svetambara
sect to be a Svetambara member.
[edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmin&action=edit&
section=37)]Indian kingdoms
This section
requires expansion
action=edit) .
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=38)]SIKHISM
This section
requires expansion
action=edit) .
Many writers of the Guru Granth Sahib are of the Bhatt (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Bhatt) surname.
The
Sikh composed Mathura Bhatt's fourteen verses are seven each in praise of
Guru Ram Das and Guru Arjan.
There are also several Mohyals (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohyal) (Brahmin
warriors) in the Sikh community.
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=39)]CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=40)]POLITICS
During the Indian independence movement (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Indian_independence_movement), many Brahmins were at the forefront of
the struggle for freedom and later Indian politics, including Samrat Hem
Chandra Vikramaditya (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Samrat_Hem_Chandra_Vikramaditya) (also calledHemu
17 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemu)), Mangal Pandey (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Mangal_Pandey), Nana Sahib Peshwa (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Nana_Sahib_Peshwa), Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rani_Lakshmibai), Tatya Tope (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Tatya_Tope), Baikuntha Shukla (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Baikuntha_Shukla), Chandrashekar Azad (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Chandrashekar_Azad), Yogendra Shukla (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla), Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womesh_Chandra_Bonnerjee), Swami
Sahajanand Saraswati (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Swami_Sahajanand_Saraswati), Adyakrantikarak Vasudev Balvant
Phadke, Chaphekar Brothers, Anant Kanhere, Vinayak Deshapande,
Vishwanath Vaishampayan, Sri Satyanarayana Shukla
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Satyanarayana_Shukla&
action=edit&redlink=1),Basawon Singh (Sinha) (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Basawon_Singh_(Sinha)), Pandit Bhola Shukla (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Pandit_Bhola_Shukla&action=edit&
redlink=1), Balgangadhar Tilak (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Balgangadhar_Tilak), Gopal Krishna Gokhale (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale),Rajguru (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rajguru), Ramprasad Bismil (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Ramprasad_Bismil), Chandrashekhar Azad (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Azad), Vanchinathan (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vanchinathan), Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar),Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ganesh_Damodar_Savarkar&
action=edit&redlink=1), Prativadi Bhayankara Venkatacharya
/w/index.php?title=Prativadi_Bhayankara_Venkatacharya&action=edit&
redlink=1) ("Bhayankarachari"), Tanguturi Prakasam (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Tanguturi_Prakasam), C. Rajagopalachari (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari), R.V.Krishna Iyer (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=R.V.Krishna_Iyer&action=edit&redlink=1),Laxmi Raman
Acharya (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laxmi_Raman_Acharya), Sri Krishna
Sinha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Krishna_Sinha),Gobind Ballabh Pant
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobind_Ballabh_Pant), Kamalapati Tripathi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamalapati_Tripathi), Sheel Bhadra Yajee
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheel_Bhadra_Yajee), Ravishankar Shukla
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravishankar_Shukla), Kailashnath Katju
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kailashnath_Katju), Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tej_Bahadur_Sapru), Motilal Nehru
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilal_Nehru), Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shyama_Prasad_Mukherjee) and
others. Jawaharlal Nehru (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru),
the first Prime Minister of India (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India) and Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvapalli_Radhakrishnan), the first Vice
President of India, were also Brahmins. Communist leaders like E. M. S.
Namboodiripad (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad), Hiren Mukherjee (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Hiren_Mukherjee&action=edit&redlink=1), S. A. Dange
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._A._Dange), P. C. Joshi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._C._Joshi), Acharya P. K. Atre and many
others were Brahmins. Present Brahmins in Indian politics include Finance
18 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Minister Pranab Mukherjee (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee), Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee), Chief Minister of [[West
Bengal]] Budhadev Bhattacharya (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Budhadev_Bhattacharya), [[Ministry of Rural Development
(India)|Union Minister for Rural Develeopment]] C. P. Joshi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._P._Joshi) and President of the National
Commission for Women (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/National_Commission_for_Women) of India Girija Vyas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Vyas).
Brahmins who became Prime Ministers of India include Jawaharlal Nehru
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru), Morarji Desai
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morarji_Desai), P. V. Narasimha Rao
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao) and Atal Behari
Vajpayee (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atal_Behari_Vajpayee). Brahmin
Presidents of India include V. V. Giri (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/V._V._Giri), R. Venkataraman (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/R._Venkataraman), S. Radhakrishnan (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/S._Radhakrishnan) and Shankar Dayal Sharma
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma).
Pakistani politician Mahesh Kumar Malani (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Mahesh_Kumar_Malani), a Member of the National Assembly of
Pakistan (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan) from the Pakistan Peoples Party
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party), is also Brahmin.
Jairam environment minister. jayalalitha tamil nadu ex chief minister. Vilas
rao deshmukh ex chief minister of maharashtra. Sheila dixit delhi chief
minister. Sandeep dixit MP delhi.
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=41)]MILITARY
Medieval Hindu kings such as King Porus (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Porus) of the Punjab, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samrat_Hem_Chandra_Vikramaditya), also
called Hemu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemu), who had established
'Hindu Raj' in North India after defeating Akbar's forces atAgra
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra) and Delhi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Delhi), and had his coronation (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Coronation) or Rajyabhishake (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Rajyabhishake&action=edit&redlink=1) at Purana Quila
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purana_Quila) in Delhi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi) on 7 October 1556, after winning 22
battles continuously, without losing any, was a Bhargava
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhargava) and Dhusar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhusar)Brahmin.
Several chiefs of the Indian Army have been brahmins, including General
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General) Arun S. Vaidya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arun_S._Vaidya), General
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General)Krishnaswamy Sundarji
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Sundarji), General
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General) T.N. Raina (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=T.N._Raina&action=edit&redlink=1), General
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(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General) Bipin Chandra Joshi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Joshi), General
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General) Sundararajan Padmanabhan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundararajan_Padmanabhan), General V.
N. Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._N._Sharma).
In the Indian Air Force too, brahmins have reached the apex rank of Air
Chief. Among these areAir Marshal (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Air_Marshal) Subroto Mukherjee (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Subroto_Mukherjee), Air Chief Marshal Swaroop Krishan Kaul
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swaroop_Krishan_Kaul&
action=edit&redlink=1), Air Chief MarshalSrinivasapuram
Krishnaswamy (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Srinivasapuram_Krishnaswamy&action=edit&
redlink=1), and Air Chief Marshal S.P. Tyagi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/S.P._Tyagi). India's first and only cosmonaut, Wing Commander
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_Commander_(rank)) Rakesh
Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma), is also a
brahmin.
In the Indian Navy, Admiral (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral) A. K.
Chaterji (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A._K._Chaterji&
action=edit&redlink=1), and Admiral (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Admiral) J. G. Nadkarni (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=J._G._Nadkarni&action=edit&redlink=1) are
brahmins who rose to the heights of their service. Captain Mahendra
Nath Mulla (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Mulla),
a Kashmiri Pandit (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_Pandit),
commander of theINS Khukri (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/INS_Khukri) received the Maha Vir Chakra
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra) during
the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-
Pakistani_War_of_1971), for his gallantry at the helm of his stricken
ship.
[EDIT (HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=BRAHMIN&ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=42)]SCHOLARS AND WRITERS
Brahmin scholars and writers include Pini (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini), Satyabrata Nath
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satyabrata_Nath&
action=edit&redlink=1), Patanjali (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Patanjali), Kalidas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalidas), Satya
Sandhani Haridutta Dash (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Satya_Sandhani_Haridutta_Dash&action=edit&
redlink=1),Chandrasekhar pranava (Indian yoga Mentore) Chanakya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanakya), Banabhatta
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banabhatta),Goswami Tulsidas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goswami_Tulsidas), Sur Das
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Das), Keshav das, Behari Saint
Dnyaneshwar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Saint_Dnyaneshwar), Eknath (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Eknath), Samarth Ramdas (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas).Nobel (http://en.wikipedia.org
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/wiki/Nobel_Prize) laureate Rabindranath Tagore
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore), Prativadi
Bhayankara Annangaracharya (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Prativadi_Bhayankara_Annangaracharya&
action=edit&redlink=1) (Sanskrit scholar and composer of the
Suprabhatam in the mid-1400s), Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan
/wiki/Mahapandit_Rahul_Sankrityayan), Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
/wiki/Ramdhari_Singh_%27Dinkar%27), Jiddu Krishnamurthy
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurthy), Hazariprasad
Dwivedi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Hazariprasad_Dwivedi), Sumitranandan Pant
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumitranandan_Pant), Subramanya
Bharathy (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Subramanya_Bharathy), Tarashankar Bandopadhyay
/wiki/Tarashankar_Bandopadhyay), Ramvriksh Benipuri
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramvriksh_Benipuri), Caitanya
Mahaprabhu (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Caitanya_Mahaprabhu), Suryakant Tripathi Nirala
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryakant_Tripathi_Nirala), Sarat
Chandra Chattopadhyay (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay), A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami
Prabhupada (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada), Bankim Chandra
Chatterjee (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee), Srilal Shukla
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srilal_Shukla) and Manohar Shyam
Joshi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manohar_Shyam_Joshi). Other
Brahmin scholars includePandurang Vaman Kane
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandurang_Vaman_Kane), Ram Sharan
Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Ram_Sharan_Sharma) and Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debiprasad_Chattopadhyaya). Modern
writers include R. K. Narayan (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/R._K._Narayan), cartoonist R. K. Laxman
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._K._Laxman), Sanskrit
scholar Kundalam Rangachariar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kundalam_Rangachariar), journalist Indra Kant Mishra
(http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indra_Kant_Mishra&
action=edit&redlink=1), and traditional Vedic astrologer Srirangam
Ramesh Guru (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Srirangam_Ramesh_Guru&action=edit&
redlink=1).
SECTION=43)]SCIENCES
Scientists from the Brahmin fold include Varahamihira
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varahamihira), Brahmagupta
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta), Nobel laureates
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_laureates) Sir C. V. Raman
21 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman) and his
nephew Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar), bhaskaracharya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaskaracharya), agricultural
scientist M. S. Swaminathan (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan), Prof. A. K. Joshi (molecular plant
breeder), ethno-sociologist M. N. Srinivas (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/M._N._Srinivas), and mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan), Shakuntala
Devi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakuntala_Devi) and C. P.
Ramanujam (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/C._P._Ramanujam). Raja Ramanna (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Raja_Ramanna), who was instrumental in making India a
nuclear weapons state, was also a Brahmin. PVN Acharya
(19241993), of the Prativadi Bhayankara family, received his
PhD in Biochemistry with highest honors from the University of
Paris-Sorbonne, and published papers with his professor, the
famous French scientist Edgar Lederer. As a student in Paris and
later as a biochemist in Madison, Wisconsin, PV Narasimh
Acharya conducted groundbreaking work intuberculosis
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis) and was the first
scientist to discover that "irreparable DNA damage" is caused by
low-dose ionizing radiation, environmental pollutants and the food
additives nitrites and nitrates, and that such damage to the DNA
is a causal factor in premature aging and
cancer.
[46] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Acharya_et_al-46)[47] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin#cite_note-Migliore-47
to pursuing his doctorates at the Sorbonne, PVN Acharya
graduated from Benares Hindu University, where he studied Oil
Technology, and worked at the Shri Ram Institute for Industrial
Research and the National Council of Applied Economic
Research (New Delhi), where he developed commercial
applications for castor oil (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Castor_oil) including detergents and synthetic materials,
including Nylon products.
SECTION=44)]SPORTS
In cricket, major names include Sunil Manohar Gavaskar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil_Manohar_Gavaskar), Sachin
Tendulkar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar), Rahul
Dravid (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahul_Dravid), Sourav
Ganguly (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourav_Ganguly), Dilip
Balwanth Vengsarkar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Dilip_Vengsarkar), Ajit Wadekar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Ajit_Wadekar), Srinivasan Venkatraghavan
/w/index.php?title=Srinivasan_Venkatraghavan&action=edit&
redlink=1), Erapalli Anandrao S Prasanna (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Erapalli_Anandrao_S_Prasanna&action=edit&
redlink=1), Bagawath Subramania Chandrashekhar, Gundappa
Vishwanath, Laxman Sivaramakrishnan (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Laxman_Sivaramakrishnan), Chetan Sharma
22 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetan_Sharma), Parthasarathy
Sharma, Ravi Shastri (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Ravi_Shastri), Krishnamachari Srikkanth
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishnamachari_Srikkanth), Anjali
Vedpathak (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Anjali_Vedpathak), Vangipurappu Venkata Sai Laxman
/wiki/Vangipurappu_Venkata_Sai_Laxman), Anil Kumble
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anil_Kumble), Javagal Srinath
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javagal_Srinath),Venkatesh
Prasad (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatesh_Prasad), Ajay
Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajay_Sharma), Dinesh
Karthik (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinesh_Karthik), Murali
Kartik (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murali_Kartik), Rohit
Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohit_Sharma), Ishant
Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishant_Sharma),Amit
Mishra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amit_Mishra),
Subramaniam Badrinath, Suresh Raina (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Suresh_Raina), Maneesh Pandey, Sadagoppan Ramesh
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadagoppan_Ramesh),Ajit
Agarkar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajit_Agarkar), Hrishikesh
Kanitkar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Hrishikesh_Kanitkar), Sunil Joshi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sunil_Joshi) and many more. Other sports names include
the world chess champion Vishwanathan Anand
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishwanathan_Anand), Kirti Azad
(cricketer and M.P.), and 1890s national tennis champion
Narumanchi Narayanamurthy from Tenali, Andhra Pradesh.
SECTION=45)]ARTS
Saint musicians include Thyagaraja (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Thyagaraja), Purandara Dasa (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Purandara_Dasa), Vyasatirtha (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vyasatirtha), Raghavendra Swami (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami),Muthuswami Dikshitar
/wiki/Muthuswami_Dikshitar) and Shyama Sastri
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shyama_Sastri). In entertainment,
prominent names include S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
/wiki/S._P._Balasubrahmanyam), Vishnuvardhan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnuvardhan_(actor)), Usha
Uthup (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usha_Uthup), Mithun
Chakraborty (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Mithun_Chakraborty), Kavita Krishnamurthy
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavita_Krishnamurthy),Hrishikesh
Mukherjee (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Hrishikesh_Mukherjee), Hema Malini
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hema_Malini), Basu Chatterjee
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basu_Chatterjee), Sudhir PhaDke,
Balgandharva, Dr. Vasantrao Deshpande, Ashok Kumar
23 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Kumar), Kishore Kumar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishore_Kumar),
Mukesh, Shreya Ghoshal (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Shreya_Ghoshal), Udit Narayan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udit_Narayan),Shantanu
Mukherjee (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Shantanu_Mukherjee), Abhijeet (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Abhijeet_Bhattacharya), Kumar Sanu
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumar_Sanu), Alka Yagnik
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alka_Yagnik), Madhuri Dixit
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit), Amrita Rao
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita_Rao), Sharmila Tagore
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharmila_Tagore), Aditi
Govitrikar (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Aditi_Govitrikar), Gayatri Joshi (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Gayatri_Joshi), Sonali Bendre (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sonali_Bendre), Rani Mukherjee
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani_Mukherjee), Kajol
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajol), Vidya Balan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidya_Balan), andSonali
Kulkarni (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Sonali_Kulkarni). Tansen (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Tansen), Baiju Bawra (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Baiju_Bawra) the musician of Akbar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar)'s court was born a
Brahmin. Rati Agnihotri (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rati_Agnihotri), Apurva Agnihotri
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apurva_Agnihotri), Sunil Dutt
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil_Dutt), Sanjay Dutt
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay_Dutt), Kamal Hassan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_Hassan), Mausumi
Chatterji, Chunki Pande, Rekha,Hrithik roshan,Arjun
rampal,paresh raval,shankar mahadevan,hariharan,mani
sharma,shruti hassan, and meenakshi Sheshadri, and Mani
Ratnam are also Brahmins.
Several notable names in Indian classical music
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_music) belong
to the Brahmin community, such asBhimsen Joshi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi), Pandit Ravi
Shankar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandit_Ravi_Shankar),
Veena Doreswamy Iyengar, Mangalampalli Balamurali
Krishna (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Mangalampalli_Balamurali_Krishna), Pandit Jasraj
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandit_Jasraj), and Shivkumar
Sharma (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivkumar_Sharma).
SECTION=46)]HINDU PRIESTS
Brahmin saints include Ramanuja (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Ramanuja), Madhwacharya (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Madhwacharya), Mandana Mishra
24 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
/wiki/Mandana_Mishra), Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu),Goswami Tulsidas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goswami_Tulsidas), Surdas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surdas), Vallabhacharya
/wiki/Vallabhacharya), Dnyaneshwar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnyaneshwar), Ramakrishna
Paramhansa (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Ramakrishna_Paramhansa), Ramana Maharshi
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi) and
Shree Kripalu Maharaj.
SECTION=47)]HINDU AVATARAMS
Some incarnations (avatarams (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Avatar_(Hinduism))) of Lord Vishnu were
Brahmins. Parashurama (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Parashurama), the son of sage Jamadagni, is
considered a redeemer of virtue and set the stage for
nobility to manifest as LordRama (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Rama), the divine king, by ridding the world of
unscrupulous and unjust rulers - Haiheyas. AsVamana
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vamana), a dwarf
Bramhin, Vishnu (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishnu) who
vanquished Bali (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali), an
ancient king of Kerala who became more powerful than
the Devas (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devas) in piety.
SECTION=48)]BUSINESS
Infosys, N. R. Narayana Murthy (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/N._R._Narayana_Murthy), SHREE BINDUKSHINI
Advisory Services(www.bindukshini.com), Nitin
Omprakash Bohra, UB Group Vijay Mallya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_Mallya), Dr. Gururaj
"Desh" Deshpande (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Deshpande), the founder of the Deshpande Center
for Technological Innovation at MIT, Jaypee group, The
Cognizant, TTK group, TVS and sons, Sundaram group,
Air Deccan, Deccan aviations, ICICI bank, AXIS bank,
Dhanalakshmi bank, karnataka bank pvt ltd Sanmar
group, India cements, Kirloskar group, Camlin products
Vicco products, Baidyanath, L&T group, Unitech group,

Kiran majumdar of Biocon TCS is run by a brahmin,
TIME institutions Manipal academy of higher education
Punj Llyod constructions, Simplex constructions Agri gold
25 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
industries, Orchid pharmaceutical industries Kamat
group of hotels, Orchid group of hotels, sahara group,
ICFAI institute Gammon infratech. kingfisher airlines,
indus airways, Jaypee group, uninor communications,
vilas rao deshmukh has number of industries in and
around maharashtra, Malladi pharmaceuticals, C. K.
Prahalad

NOTES
^ (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Brahmin#cite_ref-0) Brahman, Brahma
and Brahmin,
Brahman (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Brahman), Brahmin and Brahma have
different meanings. Brahman refers to the
Supreme Self. Brahmin or Brahmana refers to
an individual, while the word Brahma
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma) refers to
God in the aspect of creator.
1.

History of Brahmin diet

BRAHMIN FOOD HABITS AS MENTIONED IN
THE VEDAS AND OTHER HINDU
SCRIPTURES
From the Vedic age up to the earlier times of
the Dharma sutras (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)), the four Varnas
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna) had no difference
regarding their food and conduct. All Varnas had
similar food habits,and both vegetarianism and
non-vegetarianism were very
popular.
[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-food-0)
.
/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=HISTORY_OF_BRAHMIN_DIET&
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=2)]VEDIC ERA
No strict dietary laws have been mentioned in Vedas,
but Hindu dietary laws (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Hindu_dietary_law) were made,when the Dharma
sutras were being
26 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
written.
Beef
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef) was not
forbidden in the Vedas, and the sacrificial animals
which were often cows were eaten as a part of
ritual by the
Brahmins.
Tenth mandala
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala)of the
Rigveda mentions cows being slaughtered in honour
of Indra (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra) and
other deities. It also mentions butcher houses that
were erected to slaughter cows. Further Yajurveda
/wiki/Yajurveda) mentionsAshvamedha
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvamedha) or the
horse
sacrifice
[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-ashv-1)
,and
even Purushamedha (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Purushamedha) or the Human sacrifice
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sacrifice)
(Yajurveda (VS 3031)). The flesh of the sacrificial
animals was partaken by the sacrificer. The
Purushamedha or Human sacrifice was purely
ritualistic, and there is no proof of a human ever
being
sacrificed.
[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-can-2)
The
custom of animal sacrifice still
continued.
[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-can-2)
The
Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala still continued
the Somayaga (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Somayajna) sacrifice well into the 20th
century, and this involved the sacrifice of goats.
However, the Brahmins employed servants to kill
the goats, and due to the purity that was required
of Brahmins, used sticks to place the omentum of
the sacrificed goat into the ritual fire. Therefore the
Brahmins were required to avoid contact with the
dead animal, due to the pollution that would result if
the meat was touched, let alone
eaten.
[4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-3)
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=3)]BRAHMANAS
Aitareya Brahmana (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Aitareya_Brahmana) of the Rigveda, mentions
the rules for distribution of the different parts of the
sacrificial animals among the
priest.
[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-Ait-4)
... two jawbones with the tongue are to be given to the Prastotar, the breast in the
form of an eagle to the Udgatar,the throat with the palate to the
Pratihartar...

27 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Further it again mentions that a Kshatriya
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshatriya) sacrificer
is not allowed to eat sacrificial food (sacrificed
animals and other food items), but
the Brahma priest eats his portion for
him.
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=4)]SUTRAS
Baudhayana (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Baudhayana) says (Baudhayana
Dharmasutra), carnivorous
/wiki/Carnivorous) animals, tamed birds, pigs,
cocks should not be eaten. Five toed animals,
animals with cloven hoofs, birds that feed
scratching with their feet, etc. may be
eaten. Apastamba (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Apastamba) (Apastamba Dharmasutra)
gives another list of animals not to be eaten. He
also mentioned that during Shraddha
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shraddha) meat
should be offered to the
ancestors.
[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-tamil-5)
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=5)]BRAHMINS OF
SOUTH INDIA
South Indian Brahmins during
the sutra period,like those of North India were
meat
eaters.
Kapilar(Puanu
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%E1%B9
%9Fan%C4%81%E1%B9%89%C5%AB
%E1%B9%9Fu),poems 113,119), a Brahmin
poet in ancient Tamil Country
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam_period),
says:
..My hands have become soft because they do know of no harder work than
eating rice and meat boiled with tamarind. The sweet smell of its smoke might
counteract the smell of the pieces of
meat..
ACTION=EDIT&SECTION=6)]IMPACT OF
BUDDHISM AND JAINISM
28 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
From the early centuries of the Christian era
/wiki/Christian_era), Buddhism
/wiki/Buddhism) and Jainism
/wiki/Jainism) contributed much to the
crescent belief that nonviolence
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolence) is
supremely valued which stimulated growing
hostility to the slaughter of live animals. Due to
the sacrifice of cattle, there was a big famine
in most parts of the country. People who wrer
forced by Brahmins to provide them whatever
they want, slowly started drifting towards
other religions which were by that time
following non-voilence. Priests who
participated in sacrifices and eating the flesh
of the animals were degraded. To protect
their community and its existence the
Brahmins stopped sacrifice and replaced it
with coconut. We can see in any temple today
that a coconut is offered by the people in
temples.
[7] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-buddh-6)
For
the same reasons, high proportion of
Brahmins gave up partaking flesh and
fish.
[7] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-buddh-6)
However, the Nambudiri
/wiki/Nambudiri) Brahmins or Kerala, who are
still continue the ancient Srauta
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srauta) sacrifices,
are complete vegetarian, and continue animal-
sacrifice. In order to maintain their purity they
never touch the sacrificed flesh, and instead
handle it with
sticks.
[8] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brahmin_diet#cite_note-7)
In 4th and 5th century AD. in the Tamil country
the cults of Vishnu (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vishnu) and Shiva
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva), had to
fight against those of the Jains
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain).
The Vaishnava (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Vaishnava) and Shaiva
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaiva) could not
make much headway against the cult of the
Jains (who believed in non-violence and
vegetarianism), if they did not give up eating
of
flesh.
Hence
they adopted abstention from meat and liquor
29 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
as one of their fundamental
principles.

Brahmin communities

Gaua brahmins

The Gaua brahmins Gaua brahmins Gaua brahmins Gaua brahmins comprise one of
the five sub-divisions of Panch-Gauda
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panch-
Gauda) (pacagaua,paca-gaua-
brhmaa-jti , i.e., "fivefold Jti
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81ti) of
Gauda Brahmins")

HISTORY
Pt ori Ll arm (http://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Aarm%C4%81&
action=edit&redlink=1) writes that the
region from Bengal to Kashmir
was Gaua country
[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_brahmins#cite_note-Brahmin_Clans_p.100-0)
.
That is why five major sub-divisions of north
Indian brahmins are named Panch-Gauda
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panch-Gauda),
after the nameGaua. The Sanskrit
text di-Gaua-dpik mentions that the
region west of river Gaakibounded by
Sarayu in west and south and by Himalayas
in the north is the core of Gauacountry
and brahmins living here from the beginning
(=di) of Creation were known
asdi-Gaua Gaua Gaua Gaua
[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_brahmins#cite_note-1)
.
Another story relates di-Gaua brahmins
of this region to those brahmins who were
invited by King Janamejaya in his yaja and
settled in the
di-Gaua region
[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_brahmins#cite_note-ReferenceA-2)
.
/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=GAU%E1%B8
30 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
%8DA_BRAHMINS&ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=2)]SUB-DIVISIONS OF
GAUDA BRAHMINS
At present the chief branches
of Gaua brahmins
are
[4] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_brahmins#cite_note-3)[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_brahmins#cite
di-Gaua Gaua Gaua Gaua (in di-Gaua region
mentioned above).
De Wli Gaua Gaua Gaua Gaua (in Madhyade).
Pachde Gaua Gaua Gaua Gaua (western Gaua brahmins).
ri Gaua Gaua Gaua Gaua (originally from Kashmir,
now in Gujart, Rjasthn, Mlw).
Other minor branches of Gaua are :
Prik (from Parara).
Dyam/dadheech brahmins
/wiki/Dadheech_brahmins) (from
Dadhca).
Be Prabhva Wle (from
Gautama).
Khaelwla (from Khrika).
Srsvata (from Sra, distinct from
the Srasvata (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/S%C4%81rasvata) brahmins).
Sukuwl (from Sukumrga).
aadi gaur vashistha madhyandini
sakha dholpuriya [Bangal----
hastinaur{U
P}-----dholpur{Raj}-----jevar tappal{U
P}----sikri kalan brahmin ghaziabad]
/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=GAU%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=3)]ORGANISATION OF
GAUDA BRAHMINS : DEWLI &
PACHDE GOTRAS
Dewli & Pacte form the mainstream
Gaudas, numerically. di Gaua
Brhmaotpattienumerates 24 original
gotras, but Kul Pradpik gives a list of
28 main gotras. Only 12 gotras are
common to both lists :
Anvika, Avyaya, lampyana,
Kava, Ktyayana, Kcana,
Kauinya, Garga, Jaimina, Dhita
Kauika, akti, unaka. All these are
found today among Gaua brahmins.
Following is the list of 12 gotras unique
31 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
to di Gaua
Brhmaotpatti : Kayapa, Svaa,
Bhrdvaja, Kalpia, Agnivea,
Kuika, Vivmitra, Citra,
Kritreya, Rohita, Hrita,
Jamdagni. All these are ancient and
widespread gotra names.Only the di
Gauas enumerate these 12 gotras
among the original gotras.
Other Gauas accept these gotras
but not as original ones. SriGaua list
is very different.
Both the lists given above are to be
found in the comprehensive list of
extant gotras given below. But four
gotras unique to Kul Pradpik are not
found today : Bihaspati, Sankiti,
Viddha.Viddha may imply Viddha
Vasiha, because Viddha does not
appear to be any name at
all..Sankiti may be same as or
precursor
of Snkitya. Bihaspati cannot be
related to any modern gotra, it is
perhaps a precursor of some modern
or extinct gotra/gotras.
Vasiha gotra is not found as such
now, but as five sub-divisions :
Apara Vasiha, Para Vasiha /
Viddha Vasiha, Diva Vasiha,
Purva Vasiha, Uttara Vasiha.
King Janamejaya had granted 1444
villages to 1444 Gaua brahmins
headed by Vatewar Muni invited in
his
yaja
[3] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_brahmins#cite_note-ReferenceA-2)
.
Later, there disciples from various
gotras came to them and settled in
their villages. As a result, many
gotras were found in one village. Such
multi-gotra villages came to be called
as sanas (because disciples lived
in the sana / control of gurus).
Often one sana is found in more
than one gotra, and more than one
sana is found in a
sana. Gaua brahmins prohibit
endogamy within a gotra as well as
within a sana. Each sana has a
distinct name, signifying the name of
some ancient
village.
.
32 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Some gotras have a large number
of sanas associated with them.
Later on, descendants of these
original 24 or 28 gotra-founders
became bj-purusha (founding
fathers) of new gotras, so that
there are 115 gotras
among Gaua brahmins now, as
the followingcomprehensive
list shows
(figures
following each gotra indicates the
number of sanas associated with
that gotra) :
Agnivea Bhrdvja 21 1.
Agastya 15 2.
Aghmaraa 5 3.
Angir 16 4.
Aja 5 5.
Atri 36 6.
Anvika 5+ 7.
Anpa 4 8.
Ambara 5 9.
Aysya 5 10.
Avyaya 5 11.
ngirasa 19 12.
treya 11 13.
yana Kauika 16 14.
lampyana 7 15.
valyana 4 16.
iea 4 17.
pastamba 5 18.
ptavna 5 19.
suri 4 20.
Uplamya 8 21.
Upamanyu 10 22.
Utathya 4 23.
Uddlaka 5 24.
Udvha 5 25.
tu 11 26.
Aurva 5 27.
Kcana 8 28.
Kayapa 24 29.
Kapila 5 30.
Kalpia/Kalpia 5 31.
Kardama 5 32.
Kara 5 33.
Ktyayana 10 34.
Kava 10 35.
Kyapa 9 36.
Kitri 16 37.
33 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Kitreya 9 38.
Kua 14 39.
Kutsa 8 40.
Kuika 8 41.
Kautsa 10 42.
Kauinya 19 43.
Kauika108 44.
Gliva 6 45.
Gautama 42 46.
Garga 18 47.
Gitsamada 5 48.
Gobhila 5 49.
Citra 5 50.
Cyavana 4 51.
Jamdagni 13 52.
Jamdagni Kauika 11 53.
Jtukara 10 54.
Jvla 5 55.
Jaimina 5 56.
Daka 5 57.
Dlbhya 11 58.
Devrta 10 59.
Dhidha 7 60.
Dhanajaya 5 61.
Dhita Kauika 10 62.
Dhaumya 8 63.
Parara 34 64.
Pina 4 65.
Patajali 5 66.
Prara 25 67.
Pulastya 15 68.
Pulaha 12 69.
Paulastya 6 70.
Paulaha 5 71.
Bodhyna 5 72.
Bhardvja 84 73.
Bhrdvja 186 74.
Bhrgava13 75.
Bhigu 15 76.
Manu 8 77.
Marica 11 78.
Mdhyandini 4 79.
Mavya 5 80.
Mrkaeya 5 81.
Mitravarua 5 82.
Mudgala 22 83.
Maitreya 11 84.
Yjavalkya 7 85.
Yska 5 86.
Rohita 5 87.
34 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Laugki 5 88.
Vatsa 75 89.
Vyghrapda 5 90.
Vtsyana 5 91.
Vmadeva 5 92.
Vsuki 4 93.
Vilva 6 94.
Vivmitra 9 95.
Viu 7 96.
Vtahavya 5 97.
akti 11 98.
kalya 10 99.
hndilya 31 100.
unaka 3 101.
aunaka 5 102.
Snkitya 5 103.
Svari 6 104.
Suvara 5 105.
Sauklna 4 106.
Saupara 5 107.
Saupyana 5 108.
Hrita 25 109.
Snkhyana Kauika
11
110.
Apara Vasiha 41 111.
Para Vasiha /
Viddha Vasiha 84
112.
Div Vasiha 27 113.
Purva Vasiha 62 114.
Uttara Vasiha 39. 115.
[EDIT
(HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
/W/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=GAU
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=4)]SANA
Sum total of all existing
sanas as given above is
1690, but some sanas are
found in more than one one
gotra
;
hence, the traditional story
about number of original
sanas stated to be 1444
matches admirably with
extant number of sanas.
Gotras with highest number
of sana associated with
35 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
them are :
Bhardvja :84 +
186 Bhrdvja
1.
Vasiha : 41
Apara + 84 Vriddha
+ 27 Div + 62
Purva + 39 Uttara
2.
Kauika :108 3.
Vatsa : 75 4.
Parara :34 + 25
of Prara
5.
Gautama :42 6.
Atri :36 7.
ndilya :31 8.
Kayapa :24 + 9 of
Kyapa
9.
Bhigu :15 + 13 of
Bhrgava
10.
Hrita :25 11.
Mudgala :22 12.
Agnive Bhrdvaja
:21
13.
Kauinya :19 14.
Garga :18 15.
The names of these gotras
and sanas throw much
light on many historically
and sociologically
significant aspects of
brahmin communities. For
instance, one gotra is
named suri and it has
four sanas : abhicri,
bhalrhi, malaiy and
pcli. It suggests that
this suri (literally,
demonic) gotra was
related to ritals like
abhicra associated
with Tantra
/wiki/Tantra) (perhaps
Vmamrgi) which might
have prevailed in parts of
Pacla in some remote
age. Pulastya gotra has
sanas bearing names
like Lankapuriya,
Tantariya, Yantri, etc.,
which suggest a relation
with Rvaa) of
Rmyaa. Bhigu gotra
36 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
has interesting sanas
named Daitycrya,
Daityapla, Abhicraka,
etc. Such names are,
however, rare and
almost all gotra names
are associated with
names of Vedic sages.
Yjavalkya gotra has 7
sanas,
including Janaksthaliy (place
of Janaka, ancient king
ofMithila
/wiki/Mithila)). kalya
gotra also has one
sana
named Janakpuriy,
and another
named Vangawl, which
indicate eastern origins
of some sanas.
Similarly some sanas
can be traced to
Gujart, Sindh and
Kumun. Barring these
exceptions , all the
sanas belong to
Madhyade, the region
from Gaaki in the
east to Rjasthan
and Hariy in the
west
.
The sana
Gndharwla in
Bhrdvja gotra seems
to be an ancient form of
Ghawla. Pina
gotra has sanas
naned Pina-
prasthi and Pni-pati,
which asuggests that
Pina-prasth was the
ancient name of
Pnipat. It is not known
whether the famous
grammarianPini Pini Pini Pini belonged
to this Pina gotra or
not, but other divisions
of brahmins do not
have Pina
gotra
.
37 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Dhaumya (family
priest of Pavas)
is an important gotra
and its 8 sanas
indicate following 8
ancient villages/towns
where they
lived : Bhima-sthala,
Parikita-garha,
Parikika,
Sahranpur,
Muktanagar,
Kamalgiri, Gajapur
and hbala. Many
of these sanas are
associated with
characters and locale
of Mahabharata
/wiki/Mahabharata).
Bghpat is said to
evolve from
Bghaprastha, on the
analogy of
Indraprastha, but
Vyghrapda gotra
has a
sana Bghpatia(i.e."of
Baghpat"), which
suggests that
Bghpat was
perhaps called
Vyghrapda (name
of a sage) and not
Bghaprastha.
Folklore relates
Bghpat with five
village demanded
by Pavas.
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=5)]ORGANISATION
OF DI GAUDA
di Gauas are
differently organised
than the
main Gauas
described above.
38 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
There are 15
sakhas (divisions)
among
di Gauas :
Mavya
Gaua,
also known
as Mavya
ri
Gaua and Mlavya
Gaua .
1.
Lambhita Gaua
: Some
Mavyas
later settled
in Labhita
town and
were
named
Labhita.
2.
Negama Gaua
:Negam
was the
son of a
Gaua
sage
Citragupta.
From
Negam,
this branch
started.
3.
Gautama :
the
descendants
of Vedic
sage
Gotama
are called
Gautama Gaua
Gaua.
4.
ri Hara
Gaua :
they lived
along
Sarayu
river.
5.
Gangputra Gaua :
Some ri
Hara
Gauas
settled
along the
6.
39 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
banks of
Ganges
and
were
named
accordingly.
Hariyn Gaua
: They
trace
themselves
to i
Hrita
whose
asrama
was in
Hariyn.
It is not
clear
how
Hariyn
came to
be
associated
with
Hrita
7.
Vasiha
Gaua :
They
claim
descent
from
sage
Vasiha.
8.
Saurabha Gaua :
belonging
to
Saurabha
region
where
Saubhari
dwelt
(perhaps
Saubhari
transformed
into
Saurabha
due to
linguistic
change).
9.
Dlbhya Gaua
: They
claim
descent
10.
40 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
from
sage
Dlbhya.
Sukhsena Gaua
:
They
claim
descent
from
sage
Hamsa
neas
Hamsadurga.
11.
Bhaakewara
Gaua
:
They
claim
descent
from
sage
Bhaa
near
Bhaakewara
.
12.
Suryadhwaja Gaua
:
They
claim
descent
from
sage
Surya
near
Sarmewara.
13.
Vlmka Gaua :
They
claim
descent
from
sage
Vlmki
whose
rama
was
believed
to be
at
bugarh.
14.
Mthura Gaua
:
They
claim
15.
41 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
descent
from
sage
Mthura
of
Mthuri
town
(perhaps
Mthur).
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=6)]VEDA,
KH,
SUTRA,
VANTAKA
&
NKHA
OF DI
GAUDA
All di
Gaua have
Rigveda &
same
Veda
(ukla
Yajurveda),
same
kh
(Madhyandina),
same
Sutra
(Paraskara),
but
Nkhas
(surnames)
and vaakas differ.
There are
20 vaakas
among
di
Gaua, of
which the
first in the
following
has Mira
nkha,
and the
second
42 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
has
Parota
nookha,
the rest
having
Joi
nkha. :
Haritwla,lata,
Mray,
Kiria,
Indauriy,
Baverwl,
Semal,
col,
Surel,
Pdopot,
Pacarangy,
Icchwat,
Tsoray,
Asn,
Kundlak,
Gi,
Moroli,
Tung,
ilwat,
Vivl,
Bhivl.
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=7)]ORGANISATION
OF
RI
GAUDA
In 1268
AD,
King
Vijay
Simha
of Gujarat
/wiki/Gujarat) invited
200 ri
Gaua to
settle in
his
state.
These ri
43 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Gauas
originally
lived
in ri
Haa Nagar
(perhaps
rinagar)
of Kashmir
/wiki/Kashmir),
but
migrated
to Malwa
/wiki/Malwa)due
to a
famine
and
finally
settled
in Gujart..
Later,
more
migrants
from
Kmr
arrived,
causing
a
division
between
old
and
new.New ri
Gauas
have
22
clans,
half
of
them
are
regarded
as
uttama
(best)
and
the
rest
medium.
Their
kuladevi
(clan-
deity))
44 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
is Lakmewari (another
name
of
ri-devi
of
ri-nagar).
Those
who
came
to
Mlw
from
Meerut
(Merah)
are
called Mehatwl Mehatwl Mehatwl Mehatwl ri
Gaua.
Those
who
directly
came
to
Mlw
from
Kmr
are
known
as Mlv ri
Gaua.
Those
originating
from
Kharola
are
called Kharola ri
Gaua,
and
those
who
came
from
Kharsod
are
calledKharsodiye ri
Gaua.
Prawliye ri
Gaua are
inhabitants
of Bagaa and
are
characterised
by
a
45 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
lack
of
religiosity.
Those
who
married
with
udra
women
are
known
as erol erol erol erol ri
Gaua.
Excepting
these
last
two
all ri
Gauas
branches
allow
marriages
among
each
other,
other ri
Gauas
do
not
marry
with
Prawliye
and erol.
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=8)]GOTRA,
TANKA,
PRAVARA,
SPADA
OF
RI
GAUDAS
The
first
of
the
following
list
46 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
has
5 pravaras
/wiki/Pravara),
all
other ri
Gauas
have
3
pravaras. ri
Gauas
are
differentiated
mainly
by
means
of
22ankas,
because
only
15
gotras
have
survived
in
them
due
to
uprooting
(from
Kashmir)
and
wanderings.
spada
means
surname.
Organisation
of
ri
Gaudas
anka anka anka anka Gotra spada
Bhdria Vatsa Joi
Kamaipri Vatsa Joi
Baeli Kuaks Phaka
Peoli Pska Dube
Chlec Kauika Dube
Kmir Garga Joi
Moi Candrtreya Dube
Moi Kitreya Dube
Nhpal Bhardvja Phaka
47 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Darbhvaty Bhardvja Joi
Kap Atri Dube
Kap Boali Atri Vysa
Melda Atri Pay
Muloh Modgala Pay
holaki ilya Dube
iholi Vasiha Dube
Masi Prara Joi
Sundari Vmakaka Johi
Mhasi Ktyyana Phak
Kap Buhi Ktyyana Dube
Kapllih Ktyyana Dube
Mohi Ktyyana Phak
Another
organisation
sequence
(krama)
like
the
above
of
21
divisions,
known
as Jra- Jra- Jra- Jra-
krama krama krama krama,
is
also
in
vogue.
The Mehatwla
ri
Gauas use
their
own Mehatwla Mehatwla Mehatwla Mehatwla-
krama.
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=9)]TRADITIONAL
AREAS
OF
GAUDA
BRAHMINS
48 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
A
cursory
look
at
some
identifiable
sanas
of
Dewli
and
Pachde
Gaudas
reveals
the
traditional
areas :
Baro,
Sindhutata,
Sindhu,
Khdar
1.
Ajmer,
Ajmeerh,
Jaipur,
Marusthal,
Jodhpur,
Skar,
Pli,
Pukar,
Jalor
2.
Ujjain,
Indore,
Sgar
3.
Hissr,
Karl,
Kuruketra,
Thnesar,
Sirs,
Indraprastha,
Haryn,
Pnipat,
Faridbd,
Bhiwni
4.
Bghpat,
Nandagrm,
Merath,
Rmgarh,
Pacla,
Hpur,
Tilpat,
Khari
(Bijnor),
Sahranpur,
Khurj,
5.
49 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Mathur,
Rmpur,
Sambhal
Garhwl,
Pahri,
Kalt
6.
Knpur,
Gomati,
Prayg,
Ki,
Nimiketra,
Gorakhpur
7.
Bhojpur,
Gay,
Janakpur,
Janaksthala
8.
Gaua,
Vanga
9.
Following
is
the
traditional
area
for
all Gaua:
"Hariyn
and
Jangalde
in
the
Madhyade,
Delhi,
regions
around
Yamun,
Mrwr,
ekhwati, Pukar,
Matsya
and Vira (in
Rajasthan),
Bhiwni,
etc"
are
traditional
areas
of Gaua brahmins
according
to
the
author
of A
History
of
50 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Brahmin
Clans
. Brhmaotpatti-
mrtaa says
that
regions
north
of
Sarayu
and
Ayodhya
in
Uttar
Pradesh,
around
Saravasti
near
modern Goda,
are
(also)
traditional
areas
of Gaua
brahmins
.
This
latter
view
is
supported
by
Matsya Pura which
linked
"best
brahmins"
to
the
Gaudadesh
of
rvasti
near
modern God district.
.
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=10)]SURNAMES
Mishra,Lata,
Mehrishi,
Soral,
Tiwri,
51 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Dube,
Gautam,
Puthi,
Chaumoharia,
etc.
are
chief
surnames
among
De
Wli Gaua brahmins.
ukla
is
also
a
surname
among Gaua brahmins,
among
di Gaua ukla
is
the
surname
of
a
majority,
followed
by
Mira
and
Parota
.
Surname
in
di Gaua is
known
as
Nkha
[EDIT
%E1%B8
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=11)]CUSTOMS
AND
PRACTICES
Gaua brahmins
are
mostly
Yajurvedi
and
some
52 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
are
Smvedi
too.
Generally, upanayana
/wiki/Upanayana)accompanies
marriage,
and
early
marriage
is
preferred
.
With
increasing
modernisation,
such
trends
are
expected
to
decline.
The
surnames
of
the
aadi
gaur/gaud
brahmin
in
western
U
P,
Haryana,Delhi
and
some
parts
of
Rajasthan
are
Sharma,
Gaur
and
name
of
the
his
gotra
mostly.
[EDIT
%E1%B8
53 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
%8DA_BRAHMINS&
ACTION=EDIT&
SECTION=12)]CRITICISM
Pt ori Ll
Sarm
writes
that
the
ssanas
had
originated
due
to
settling
of
many
gotras
in
a
single
village,
as
disciples
settled
in
the
village
of
their
guru
to
acquire
Vedic
and
related
knowledge
.
Moreover,
a
new
gotra
was
started
by
the
name
of
a
person
who
attained
the
status
of
54 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
a rishi
/wiki/Rishi) by
dint
of
spiritual
accomplishments.
It
shows
that
the
organisational
mechanism
was
dynamic
and
depended
upon
the
principal
objective
of
a
brahmin's
life :
acquisition
of
scriptural
knowledge
and
spiritual
purity.
But
during
the
medieval
age,
brahmins
received
grants
like
agrahras
(land
grants)
and
stuck
to
landed
properties,
and
the
organisational
system
gradually
55 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
ossified.
Pt ori Ll
Sarm
narrates
many
stories
in
his
book
which
reveal
that
accepting
grants
from
mundane
powers
was
regarded
a
vice
by rishis
/wiki/Rishis) and
a
major
cause
of
multiple
divisions
within
the
once
monolothic
brahmin
community
was
ostracism
of
those
who
grabbed
such
land
grants.
This
primordial
monolithic
character
of
brahmin
community
is
mentioned
56 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
in
a
Sanskrit
text Brhmaotpatti-
mrtaa
:
P
*+H
[1
9|
1
Meaning :
There
was
one
caste
of
Brahmin
in
the
beginning
of
Creation.

ADI
GOUR
BRAHMAN
GOTRA
&
SASHAN
1.
PARVRIDH
VASISHT
GOTRA: Tgun!",
#$%&%'%!,
#$'&'%!,
(%)!*$'n,
G+"$,-,
H-d+-%,
Nu-%,-,C$+u./0'd$n,
D%,/d%
P'd$n,
N',-%,
B'$&0u'%,
#$'&0u'%,
Mnd+'%,
Ku'u12/$"'%,
S%'+$%,-,S'0d&,
57 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Kund+-%
B$d',1%,
B1+"%,
C$nd+-%,
M%n,-,
R&$d%,
Yn/1'%,
Gng,1%,
Bd%,-,P%d',
S3%d&%,-.
2.
VASISHT
GOTRA
: S%n,-,
Bun"+-%,
Su'+-%,
Kn2'%",
N"$+-%,
C$u-$",
K$%',-,
B-*$%,
Bn2+-%,
K-n/'%,D$&n%
MI1$',
B./',-,
N'/-,
U0d$!!,
G$&un%,
Gud,-,
K$',-%,
N'n+-%,
B%d,'%,
C$u2n%G+1,&%,
Sun0"%,
D,%)n%,
G+u'
G'.$%!,
S$%0u'%,
Ug'"0,
M%1$',
G+&n%,
A"+-%,
B%)n/",
N*$n%,G+d$'%,
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S+'%,
P$'&n%,
C$'+-%,
(!+$-,
58 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
N-%!'%!,
B.'+-%!,
(dg&%!,
('%"$,-,
S%-n%!,D%,*$%!,
(%1$&.$'
P'd$n,
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Oud$2,
Su"$!,
B'"',
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Ku-"
#0'%,
Tund,-,
K$'%,-,
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G%-n,
R&n%!,
C$ngn,B.',-,
T%-,",
P'."%,
Gng,",
Ad$%*$,-
#+1$%.
3.
GOUTAM
GOTRA
: Ind+'%,
P"+d%,
D+'-%!,
Du-/d%,
D+$-%!,
B!+-%!,
Nu+"n%,
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B+g$',Gnd$',-,
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Pn"%!/,
#$u'%,
Kn+'%,
Mu$n,n,
59 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
S"$%,
B)'/
S%&&n,-,
Pnd/!,
(d%.-C$+ud$'!,
#$nd+-%!
P'd$n.
4.
KASHYAP
GOTRA
: Ku'u12/"'%!,
Gu'0u'%!,
C$u-2n%!,
Mn*$2%.
5.
ATRI
GOTRA
: D$nd,
D$%g"$-%!,
#$d+-%!,
#$d+-%!
#+1$%,
T'%0"$%,
R"%,-,
R+$%"%!,
S%'1+n%,(!1,
Kn2$-%!,
B-/'%!,
G+u'0u'%,
G$+'"0,
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Tu1&'%!,
D%d,n%,
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Sg,-,
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4Pnd5,
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60 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
K1&0'%!,
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N/d$-%!,
Sn2$+-%!,
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Tu1n%,
B$/d,
K$21!,
K'%21,
Mg1,
M+g',
Mnd+-%,
R&/,
R,-&,
S%'1n%,
M%"/.
6.KRISHNAYA
GOTRA
: N%'&-,
R/,-%!,
Bn.'/,-,
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C$%n2"%,
K2'.
7.AGUSTYA
GOTRA
: M$'1$%,
W)$',
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U"*$-,
S$u%-20u'%,
(%d$!d$',
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S-+"$%,P%$u,-,
(!1.
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GOTRA
: D%6$%",
B$'%d,-
P%-+d$,
L",
D+2,-,
#$%&'%!,
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K'%'$",
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61 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
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C$"u'7/d%,
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Gnd$',
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Bg$d+-%,
G$g$1n%,
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B'u$dn%,
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Bn$!,
#%1",',
B$u',
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Sn2$+-%.
9.BHARDWA
GOTRA
: C$2-n,
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Ind+'%,
S%nd+-%,
B$"$',
K-++nd%,
62 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
G+g!n,S$-,
Ng,n,
N'/d,
Tung'%,
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M'$1%!,
P"$2,
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R&0'%,
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Du./!,
N!!1"$n%,
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G+d$'%,
B%)'/",
Tnd+-%,
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B,/-%,
B-+*$%,
A-,'%,
S%&.$-,
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Mnd$n%,
C$+u'1$%
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S%-+"$%,
63 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
Knd+d$%,
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P/",d%,
Sn"+'%,
#!,-,
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N",-,
P%$u-,-,
G-%!n,
G%-d,
K",d%,
B+$'%B$un,-,
G-!n,
Bn2+-%,
Nud%,-
N$'%,
G+ud%,
M$",
U&',"%,
Gu'g&%,
M&d+-%,
Snd+-%,N'$/d,-,
N%'-%,
R%,-
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T$%2'%,
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C$+u./0'd$n,
S%nd+-%,
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Nd,
64 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
P,",
D&n%-,Ku"$%,
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Bg-,
B%&,
B*$,
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T$'-,
L&.,
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T+1$!n,
M'+-%,
B$%nd,
#$d+d%.
1!.
AMDAGNI
GOTRA
: R"/-,-,
B1und,-,
Mud$$".
11.
VATS
GOTRA
: #$%&%'%,
B-&%,
Mn)%"$,-,
B$d+-%,
G+$'%,
Ng',-,
M'$",
S%2',
Ng,n,
C$+u$n,-,Mnd,'%,
G$"1'%,
B+',
#$&n.
12.
MUDGA"
65 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
GOTRA
: B,-%,
K1'%,
K2!n%,
C$u'+-%,
B$%nd
#+1$%,
C$u-2n%,
K2!n,
R&ud&.
13.
PARASHAR
GOTRA
: Bgd+-%,
K$/d,-,
H%n1'%,
Gu)'2,
R&gd$%,
#$d1%!,
N'$d,
K'n-%,
B$undd",L+2nd.
14.
SANDI"YA
GOTRA
: H'%",-,
C$u-$%,-,
B1und,-,
('und,-,
N++ng',-,
Pn*$+-%,
B$0!,-%,
P',"%,
K-%n++',
Ru'-,-,
Knd,-
P"$2,
C$%"0u'%,
M+n1,
B$"",-%
T%,'%,
S+)"&.
15.
HAARIT
GOTRA
: C$+u&-,
S-,-,
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S.$'%,
Kdu7d%,
C$+$&/,-,
K$+),
Knd%'.
16.
ANGIRA
GOTRA
: Bnd/',-,
C$+./d%6$%",
Gng0u'%,
M%'*$%!n,
C$),",
#%-'!,
G%-d,
Ng',-.
17.
AIMINI
GOTRA
: M$"0,
#&n%!,
D$'&0u'%.
18.
SHOUNAK
GOTRA
: B$du0+"
19.
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GOTRA
: P$",d%.
2!.
SUPRNA
GOTRA
: Ngu,-,
N%g',-,
Ng++'.
21.
BHIRUGU
GOTRA
: Dd,-%!/,
R&/
P'd$n,
A.$%1!
P'd$n,
K-1+",
Mnd+'&.
22.
HARITAS
67 of 71 6/2/2014 7:48 AM
GOTRA
: C$&$-.
23.
PIP"AWAN
GOTRA
: A.!/"$!
P'd$n,
B$+g'n
P'd$n,
C$nd+-%
P'd$n,
B%1$&.'
P'd$n.
24.
VYOG
GOTRA
: K-!n.
25.
SANKRITYA
GOTRA
: T'%,/d%
4T%,'%5T%,'%8
C$u-%,-8
T%,'%,
T!g8
T%,'%,
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K+'28
T%,'%,
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T%,'%.
26.
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GOTRA
: C$ndn%.
27.
GA"AV
GOTRA
: K"$.
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28.
KOTSH
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: K2'.

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