Tugas Bahasa Inggris: Dikumpulkan saat UK-4 tanggal 2-4 Juni 2014

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Pure metals do not have sufficient strength in general do not fit in engineering applications
must be alloyed with various elements purpose: alter their structures and properties.
Heat treatment modifies microstructure of metal produce a variety of mechanical
properties improve formability/machinability increase strength and hardness enhance
the service performance (ex: gears and shafts).
Heat treatment improve mechanical properties process: establish a desired phase of metal
at an elevated temperatures then controlled cooling produce special forms: pearlite,
martensite, spheroidite, bainite.
Heat treatment for ferrous metal heating and subsequent quenching at varying cooling rates.
Heat treatment for non-ferrous metal solution treatment and precipitation hardening.

Stainless steel developed in early 1900s wide application: cutlery, health care, surgical
equipment, automobiles, etc.
Stainless when expose to oxygen (air) develop a thin, hard, adherent film of chromium
oxide protects metal from corrosion The protective film is damaged/scratched builds up
protective film again guarantee a perfect protection.
Stainless steel resist corrosion due to presence of chromium other alloying metal: nickel,
copper, silicon, titanium, manganese.
Why chromium? lowers the passivity of steel introduces a second phase promotes
galvanic corrosion

The word plastic from Greek 'plastikos' means: capable of being molded and shaped.
Early plastic bio-derived materials, ex: egg & blood proteins organic polymers.
In 1800s Charles Goodyear invented vulcanization a process to get thermoset materials
from natural rubber.
Current plastic usually sinthetic, commonly derived from petrochemicals
Type of plastics: thermoplastic & thermoset thermoplastic: no chemical change in
composition when heated, can be molded again and again ex: polypropylene. thermoset:
can melt & shaped once cools down solidified. Chemical reaction occurs irreversible. Ex:
polyisoprene.
Development of plastic:
a) natural plastic material (for chewing gum)
b) chemically modified natural materials (ex: rubber, collagen)
c) complete synthetic molecules (ex: epoxy, polyvinil chloride)

Powder metallurgy (PM) produce hard, solid metal/ceramic from powder.
Involves compaction and heating.
Basic four steps of powder metallurgy: powder manufacture, powder blending, compacting,
sintering.
Making powder atomizing fusible materials or by comminution other methods: grinding,
using chemical, electrolytic deposition.
Tugas Bahasa Inggris: Dikumpulkan saat UK-4 tanggal 2-4 Juni 2014
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Next step: blending mix two powders/more with binder/chemical get a homogeneous mix
Next step: compaction placed mixed powder in die/mold apply high pressures get a
solid product type of material: brittle, insufficient strength
Final step: sintering apply heat for some time bonding of powder molecules cools down
result: solid piece with some mechanical strength
Proceed to another heat treatment to get better strength.