1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?

Secretary
2. What are field symbols and field groups.?
Ans: Field symbols: Field symbols are lie pointers. Placeholders for fields or arbitrary
data ob!ects.
Field group: A field group combines se"eral fields under one name.
#### $a"e you used %component id& of structure% clause 'ith field groups?
(. What should be the approach for 'riting a B)* program?
Ans.
+ Analy,ing data from local file.
+ Analy,ing transaction
+ )eclaring internal table
Similar to local file.
Similar to B)*)A-A.
+ -ransferring data from local file to internal table.
+ Population of B)*)A-A. using call transaction.session method/
0. What is a batch input session?
Ans. 1n this method transfer data from internal table to database table through sessions.
Session is intermediate step bet'een internal table 2 database table. 3nless session is
processed4 the data is not transferred to the database table.
5. What is the alternati"e to batch input session?
Ans. *all transaction method.
6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch7input session. We need to submit the
program and the batch session in bacground. $o' to do it?
Ans. 8ou should process batch7input sessions in the foreground or using the error
display if you 'ant to test the data transfer. 1f you 'ant to e&ecute the data transfer or
test its performance4 you should process the sessions in the bacground. -o process
the sessions in the bacground4 Set the 9un mode to Bacground.
:. What , the diff b.n a pool table and a transparent table and ho' they are stored at the
database le"el.
Ans. From user point of "ie' all tables are used to store data. From administrator point
of "ie' -ransparent tables do e&ists 'ith the same structure both in the dictionary as
'ell as in the database.
Pool 2 *lustered tables are ;ogical tables4 'hich are arranged as records of
transparent table. -hese are not manageable directly by using database system tools.
<. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions?
=. $o' is batch input process different from processing online?
Ans. For online >Session method/ e&ternal data is deposited in a session for later
processing.
For inline >call transaction method/ the entire batch input process taes place inline in
your program.
?. What do you define in the domain and data element.
Ans. )omain is formal definition of data types from a technical point of "ie'. Sets
attributes i.e.4 type4 range4 length . . .
)ata@lements are definition of the properties and type for a table field. 1t is an
intermediate bet'een the ob!ect type domain 2 table filed.
1A. What are the different types of data dictionary ob!ects?
Ans.
+ -able.
+ Structures.
+ Bie's.
+ )ataelement.
+ )omains.
+ ;oc Cb!ects.
+ Datch code ob!ects.
11. $o' many types of tables e&ists and 'hat are they in data dictionary?
12. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
Ans.
+ *reate )omain.
+ *reate )ata @lement.
+ *reate Actual -able.
1(. *an a transparent table e&ist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
Ans. EC
10. What are the domains and data elements?
15. *an you create a table 'ith fields not referring to data elements?
Ans. EC.
16. What is the ad"antage of structures? $o' do you use them in the ABAP programs?
1:. What does an e&tract statement do in the ABAP program?
Ans. An e&tract dataset consists of a seFuence of records. -hese records may ha"e
different structures. All records 'ith the same structure form a record type. 8ou must
define each record type of an e&tract dataset as a field group4 using the F1@;)7
G9C3PS statement.
When the first @H-9A*- statement occurs in a program4 the system creates the e&tract
dataset and adds the first e&tract record to it. 1n each subseFuent @H-9A*- statement4
the ne' e&tract record is added to the dataset.
1<. What is a collect statement? $o' is it different from append?
Ans. *C;;@*-: When the line is inserted4 the system checs 'hether there is already a
table entry that matches the ey. 1f there is no corresponding entry already in the table4
the *C;;@*- statement has the same effect as inserting the ne' line. 1f an entry 'ith
the same ey already e&ists4 the *C;;@*- statement does not append a ne' line4 but
adds the contents of the numeric fields in the 'or area to the contents of the numeric
fields in the e&isting entry.
1?. What is Cpen S=; Bs Eati"e S=;?
Ans. Cpen S=; allo's you to access database tables declared in the ABAP )ictionary
regardless of the database platform that your 9.( System is using.
Eati"e S=; allo's you to use database7specific S=; statements in an ABAP program.
-his means that you can use database tables that are not administered by the ABAP
)ictionary4 and therefore integrate data that is not part of the 9.( System.
2A >a/. What does an @H@* S=; stmt do in ABAP?
Ans. -o use a Eati"e S=; statement4 you must precede it 'ith the @H@* S=;
statement4 and follo' it 'ith the @E)@H@* statement as follo's:
@H@* S=;.
IEati"e S=; statementJ
@E)@H@*.
=2A >b/. What is the disad"antage of using @H@* S=; stmt do in ABAP?
Ans. 3sing in"erted commas >%/ or an asteris >#/ at the beginning of a line in a nati"e
S=; statement does not introduce a comment as it 'ould in normal ABAP synta&
21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated 'ith ABAP data dictionary?
Ans. Area menu.
22. What are the e"ents in ABAP language?
Ans.
@&ample for the structure of an ABAP program:
9@PC9-...
EC)@S: SPF;14 SF;1G$-.
)A-A:...
1E1-1A;1KA-1CE.
A- S@;@*-1CE7S*9@@E.
S-A9-7CF7S@;@*-1CE.
G@- SPF;1...
G@- SF;1G$-...
G@- SPF;1 ;A-@.
@E)7CF7S@;@*-1CE.
FC9D...
@E)FC9D.
2(. What is an interacti"e report? What is the ob"ious differences of such report
compared 'ith classical type reports?
Ans. 1nteracti"e reporting allo's the user to participate in retrie"ing and presenting data
at each le"el during the session. Gi"es a basic list form 'hich the user can call detailed
information by positioning the cursor and entering the commands.
*lassical reports consists of one program the creates a single list 'hich contains
clustered data reFuested4 regardless of the details the user 'ants to see.
20. What is a drill do'n report?
Ans. A drilldo'n report is a report used for the interacti"e e"aluation of data.
>1nteracti"e reports/
25. $o' do you 'rite a function module in SAP? describe.
Ans.
+ create funtion group.
+ create funtion module program in se(:.
specify the parameters for passing data to and from the module and the
e&ceptions.
'rite source code.
+ 'rite e&e program calling the funtional program.
26. What are the e&ceptions in function module?
Ans. @&ceptions are used to handle errors. -he Funtion module checs for any type of
error 2 raise e&ception 2 returns S87S3B9* to the calling program. Dain program
checs for S87S3B9* for any errors and then taes action accordingly.
2:. What is a function group?
Ans. Funtion Dodules that operate 'ith same data can be grouped in one no'n as
funtion group.
2<. $o' are the date and time field "alues stored in SAP?
Ans. S87)A-3D 2 S873K@1-
2?. What are the fields in a B)*-ab -able.
Ans. P9CG9AD
)8EP9C
)8EB@G1E
FEAD
FBA;
(A. Eame a fe' data dictionary ob!ects?
(1. What happens 'hen a table is acti"ated in ))?
Ans. -o be able to accessed by other ob!ects lie programs.
(2. What is a chec table and 'hat is a "alue table?
Ans. A foreign ey lins t'o tables -1 and -2 by assigning fields of table -1 to the
primary ey fields of table -2. -able -2 is then no'n as the chec table of the foreign
ey.
"alue table : 'hen you define a domain4 you already no' that all fields that use the
domain 'ill need to be checed against a particular table. 8ou can store this information
in the domain definition by specifying a "alue table.
1f you try to define a foreign ey for a field that points to this domain4 the "alue table of
the domain is proposed as the chec table for the foreign ey.
((. What are match codes? describe?
(0. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
(5. What is table maintenance generator?
(6. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
Ans. S@;@*-7CP-1CE
(:. What are select options and 'hat is the diff from parameters?
Ans. Select options are for range of "alues.
Parameters are used for simple Fueries of single "alues.
(<. $o' do you "alidate the selection criteria of a report?
Ans. A- S@;@*-1CE 7S*9@@E.
1F carrid L M11AAAM.
error message.
@E)1F.
=. And ho' do you display initial "alues in a selection screen?
Ans. 3sing BA91AE-S.
(?. What are selection te&ts?
Ans. ;ong te&t for select option . parameters . Selection te&t >S@;@*-7CP-1CE4
PA9AD@-@9/. -his description appears on the selection screen.
0A. What is *-S and 'hat do you no' about it?
Ans. 1t intended for the system administrator 'ho sets up the *hange and -ransport
System >*-S/.
01. When a program is created and need to be transported to production does selection
te&ts al'ays go 'ith it? if not ho' do you mae sure? *an you change the *-S entries?
$o' do you do it?
02. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?
Ans. Sets of soft'are component 'hich acts as ser"ice reFuester are called as client.
0(. Are programs client dependent?
00. Eame a fe' system global "ariables you can use in ABAP programs?
Ans. S87)A-3D4 S873@K1-4 S87S3B9*4 S87)B*E-.
05. What are internal tables?
$o' do you get the number of lines in an internal table?
$o' to use a specific number occurs statement?
Ans. 1nternal tables pro"ide a means of taing data from a fi&ed structure and storing it
in 'oring memory in ABAP. -he data is stored line by line in memory4 and each line
has the same structure4 they are dynamic data ob!ects.
S87)B*E- . S87-AB1H.
)A-A : B@G1E CF 1-AB C**39S 1?4
A1 -8P@ 14
*1 -8P@ *4
@E) CF 1-AB.
06. $o' do you tae care of performance issues in your ABAP programs?
0:. What are datasets?
Ans. SeFuential files in application ser"er.
0<. $o' to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
Ans. S87S3B9* >e&cept for transfer stmt/.
0?. What are interface.con"ersion programs in SAP?
5A. $a"e you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
Ans. B)*
51. What are the techniFues in"ol"ed in using SAP supplied programs? )o you prefer
to 'rite your o'n programs to load master data? Why?
52. What are logical databases? What are the ad"antages.disad"antages of logical
databases?
Ans. ;ogical database are special ABAP programs that retri"e data 2 mae it a"ailable
to application programs.
Ad"antages of ;ogical database.
+ Eo need of taing care of the ey field and the foreign ey realtionship bet'een the
tables in Fuestion.>relationship bet'een diff tables are reflected in tree structure of
;ogical database/.
+ A selection screen 'ith appropriate selection criteria is automatically created.
+ Program standard authority checs are e&ecuted by ;ogical database itself in reports.
+ ;ogical database impro"es the performance of reports at runtime.
5(. What specific statements do you using 'hen 'riting a drill do'n report?
Ans. $ide stmt.
50. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all ha"e you used?
Ans. ABAP Fuery tool4
55. What are the ad"antages and disad"antages of ABAP Fuery tool?
56. What are the functional areas? 3ser groups? and ho' does ABAP Fuery 'or in
relation to these?
5:. 1s a logical database a reFuirement.must to 'rite an ABAP Fuery?
Ans. Eo.
5<. What is the structure of a B)* sessions.
Ans.
+ )eclare internal tables for upload.
+ declare another internal table 'ith same structure of B)*)A-A.
+ call function B)*NCpen Ngroup.
+ call function B)*Ninsert.
+ call function B)*NcloseNgroup.
5?. What are *hange header.detail tables? $a"e you used them?
Ans. -he change header contains both fields that define and describe the change and
administrati"e data on the change master. -he administrati"e data is updated by the
system.
6A. What do you do 'hen the system crashes in the middle of a B)* batch session?
61. What do you do 'ith errors in B)* batch sessions?
Ans. B)* session 'ith errors appears in 1E*C99@*- session 2 it can be processed
again. to correct the errors 4 first you can analy,e the session to determine 'hich
screen 2 "alue produced the error4 if there r small errors4 correct them else modify the
B)* pgm 'hich generates session or the flat file itself.
62. $o' do u set up bacground !obs in SAP? What r the steps? What are the e"ent
dri"en batch !obs?
6(. 1s it possible to run host command from SAP en"ironment? $o' do you run?
60. What ind of financial periods e&ist in SAP? What is the rele"ant table for that?
65. )oes SAP handle multiple currencies? Dultiple languages?
Ans. 8@S
66. What is a currency factoring techniFue?
6:. $o' do you document ABAP programs? )o you use program documentation menu
option?
6<. What is SAPscript and layout set?
Ans. Printable document such as in"oices4 purchase order are printed 'ith the use of
forms4 SAP allo's the user to define these forms by using layout sets is SAP scripts.
;ayout set is used to design a document. ;ayout set on its o'n does not contain any
data. Selection of data for the document is done through the print program.
6?. What r the ABAP commands that lin to a layout set?
Ans. dataelement ... lie > .@ @;@1/
:A. What is output determination?
:1. What are 1)C*s?
Ans. 1ntermediate document >1)oc/ container for e&changing data bet'een 9.(4 9.2 and
non7SAP systems. A;@ uses 1)ocs to e&change data bet'een logical systems. Eon7
SAP systems can use 1)ocs as the standard interfacefor data transfer.
1)ocs are created 'hen message types and >ob!ect/ methods are distributed. -he
message type is the format in 'hich the data for a specific business process is
transferred.
:2. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc.
Ans. Screen painter: -ool for creating the screens of a dialog transaction.
Denu painter: -ool for creating and designing the graphical user interface of an ABAP
program.
G31 Status : Dain element of the graphical user interface.A G31 status usually consists
of a menu bar 'ith menus4 a standard toolbar4 an application toolbar4 and functions 'ith
function ey settings.
-ogether 'ith the G31 title4 the G31 status defines the actual state of the user interface
of an ABAP program.
:(. What is screen flo' logic? What are the sections in it? @&plain PA1 and PBC.
Ans. Flo' logic : *ode that processes a particular screen in the 9.( System.Flo' logic
statements are syntactically similar to ABAP statements4 but you cannot use flo' logic
ey'ords in ABAP.
8ou define flo' logic in the flo' logic editor of the Screen Painter. Flo' logic comprises
four modules:
+ PBC >Process Before Cutput/
+ PA1 >Process After 1nput/
+ PCB>Process Cn "alue reFuest/
+ PC$>Process Cn $elp reFuest/
PBC : -he processing of screen before the screen is displayed is done in this e"ent.
>e"ent is triggered before the screen is displayed/.
PA1 : -his e"ent is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data
and clics the pushbutton.
PCB : -his is triggered 'hen user clics F0 function ey >for listing all possible "alues
for the field/.
PC$ : -his e"ent is triggred 'hen user places the cursor on field and press F1 4 by
default system displays its o'n $@;P for that particular field one can add his o'n $@;P
by 'ritting in PC$.
:0. C"erall ho' do you 'rite transaction programs in SAP?
Ans.
+ *reate a module program.
+ Goto Screen painter in S@51. create 2 add all your elements.
+ 'rite flo' logic in screen painter
+ sa"e 2 acti"ate.
+ attach a transaction code in S@?(.
:5. )oes SAP has a G31 screen painter or not? 1f yes 'hat operating systems is it
a"ailable on? What is the other type of screen painter called?
:6. What are step loops? $o' do you program pagedo'n.pageup in step loops?
Ans. Step ;oops: these are repeated blocs of fields in a screen.
::. 1s ABAP a G31 language?
Ans. 8@S
:<. Eormally ho' many and 'hat files get created 'hen a transaction program is
'ritten? 'hat is the HHHHH-CP program?
:?. What are the include programs?
Ans. Self7contained program that e&ecutes a particular tas.
An include program has t'o main functions:
+ 1t contains code 'hich can be used by se"eral different programs.
+ 1t helps you to modulari,e programs4 'hich consist of many different logically related
parts. @ach of these parts is stored as a separate include program.
1nclude programs impro"e the readability of programs and mae maintenance easier.
<A. *an you call a subroutine of one program from another program?
Ans. yes >using P@9FC9D/
<1. What are user e&its? What is in"ol"ed in 'riting them? What precautions are
needed?
Ans. 3ser @&its are used for enhancement of SAP Cb!ects. Point in an SAP program
'here a customerMs o'n program can be called.
<2. What are 9F*s? $o' do you 'rite 9F*s on SAP side?
Ans. 9emote Function *all. 9F*s enable you to call and e&ecute predefined functions
in a remote system 7 or e"en in the same system.9F*s manage the communication
process4 parameter transfer and error handling.
<(. What are the general naming con"entions of ABAP programs?
Ans.Starting 'ith K or 8
<0. $o' do you find if a logical database e&ists for your program reFuirements?
<5. $o' do you find the tables to report from 'hen the user !ust tell you the transaction
he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures?
<6. $o' do you find the menu path for a gi"en transaction in SAP?
Ans. From the main 9.( menu choose:
<:. What are the different modules of SAP?
<<. What is 1DG in SAP?
<?. $o' do you get help in ABAP?
Ans. Place the cursor on the filed 2 press F1.
?A. What are different ABAP editors? What are the differences?
?1. What are the different elements in layout sets?
Ans. $eader4 Page4 Page'indo's4 Windo's4 Paragraph Format4 *haracter String.
?2. *an you use if then else4 perform ..etc statements in sap script?
Ans. 8es
?(. What type of "ariables normally used in sap script to output data?
Ans. system defined 2 user define in program
?0. $o' do you number pages in Sapscript layout outputs?
Ans. 2S87PAGEC2
?5. What taes most time in SAP script programming?
?6. $o' do you use tab sets in layout sets?
?:. $o' do you bacup Sapscript layout sets? *an you do'nload and upload? $o'?
?<. What are presentation and application ser"ers in SAP?
Ans. Presentation ser"er: Soft'are layer in the 9.( System that accepts input from
users and returns the results. Application Ser"er :Ser"er that pro"ides a range of
ser"ices to run the 9.( System. An application ser"er consists of a dispatcher and one
or more 'or processes for each ser"ice. -he dispatcher manages processing
reFuests4 and 'or processes e&ecute them.
@ach application ser"er pro"ides at least one dialog ser"ice and one gate'ay.
??. 1n an ABAP program ho' do you access data that e&ists on a presentation ser"er "s
on an application ser"er?
Ans. using dataset
1AA. What are different data types in ABAP?
Ans. -here are eight predefined types in ABAP 'ith fi&ed length:
Four character types: *haracter >*/4 Eumeric character >E/4 )ate >)/4 and -ime >-/.
Cne he&adecimal type: Byte field >H/.
-hree numeric types: 1nteger >1/4 Floating7point number >F/ and Paced number >P/.
-here are t'o predefined types in ABAP 'ith "ariable length:
S-91EG for character strings 4 HS-91EG for byte strings
*omple& type.
structure type. table type.
9eference type.
)ata reference
Cb!ect 9eference
class reference interface reference
1A1. What is difference bet'een B)* and *all -ransaction?
Ans. B)* Session Dethod
+ )ata is not updated in database tables unless session is processed.
+ Eo S87S3B9* returned.
+ @rror log is created for error records.
+ 3pdation in database table is al'ays synchronous
*all -ransaction Dethod.
+ 1mmediate 3pdation in database table.
+ S87S3B9* retuned.
+ @rrors need to be handled e&plicitly.
+ 3pdation in database in database table can be Synchronous or Asynchronous
1A2. Setting up a B)* program 'here you find information from?
1A(. What has to be done to the paced fields before submitting to a B)* session.
MODULARIZATION
What is Modularization and its benefits?
If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process the same
function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. y modularizing the
!!"#$ programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are
also easier to maintain and to update.
How can we create callable modules of program code witin one A!A"#$ "rogram%
A& y defining macros.
y creating include programs in the library.
'at are subroutines% %ubroutines are program modules which can be called from other !!"#$
programs or within the same program.
'at are te t(pes of )ubroutines%
Internal %ubroutines& 'he source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same !!"#$ program as
the calling procedure (internal call).
*+ternal %ubroutines& 'he source code of the e+ternal subroutines will be in an !!"#$ program other
than the calling procedure.
'at are te different t(pes of parameters%
,ormal parameters& "arameters which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the ,-.M
statement.
!ctual parameters& "arameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the "*.,-.M
statement.
How can one distinguis between different *inds of parameters%
A& Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.
!& -utput parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.
'at are te different metods of passing data% A& /alling
by reference& 0uring a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the
formal parameters. 'he formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the
calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling
program also change. !& /alling by value& 0uring a subroutine call, the formal parameters are
created as copies of the actual parameters. 'he formal parameters have memory of their own. /hanges
to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters.
+& /alling by value and result& 0uring a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of
the actual parameters. 'he formal parameters have their own memory space. /hanges to the formal
parameters are copied tothe actual parameters at the end of the subroutine. 'he method by which
internal tables are passed is y .eference.
'at is te difference between te function module and a normal A!A"#$ subroutine%In contrast to
normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface.
%ub routines do not return values.
%ub routines do not return e+ceptions.
%ub routines cannot be tested independently.
0eclaring data as common parts is not possible for function modules. ,unction modules are stored in a
central library.
'at is a function group% ! function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global
data with each other. !ll the modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an
!!"#$ program contains a /!11 ,23/'I-3 statement, the system loads the entire function group in
with the program code at runtime. *very function module belongs to a function group.
'at is te difference between internal tables and e,tract datasets%
A& 'he lines of an internal table always have the same structure. y using e+tract datasets, you can
handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data.
!& 4ou have to define the structure of the internal table at the begining. 4ou need not define the structure
of the e+tract dataset
+& In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses e+tract datasets when storing them. 'his
reduces the storage space required. D& Internal
tables require special work area for interface whereas e+tract datasets do not need a special work area
for interface. - use of
modulari.ation&
5) Improves readability. 'hat means, easy to read
6) .e7usability, the procedures can be used in other programs as well
8) *ncapsulation of data $) .educes code redundancy, i.e. !voids duplication of code
DATA TYPES AND DATA OBJECT: -o 'or 'ith data at runtime4 you need to store it in the
program at runtime and address it from your program. -he system needs to no' the type of
the data >for e&ample4 character string4 'hole number4 table consisting of name4 currency
amount4 and date4 and so on/. A data ob!ect is a named memory area that is structured
according to a particular data type . -he type normally specifies all of the attributes of the data
ob!ect. 3sing the name4 you can access the contents4 that is the data4 directly. -he name may
be a compound name consisting of more than one single name. 8ou could regard a data type as
being similar to the construction plans for a building. -he plans could be used for more than one
building4 'hich 'ould all ha"e the same type4 but you 'ould still be able to tell them apart.
Suppose the buildings 'ere used for storage. 8ou 'ould find a particular item using the address
of the building4 and no'ing on 'hich floor4 in 'hich room4 and in 'hich shelf or bin it 'as
stored. 8ou 'ould ha"e to consider carefully 'hen dra'ing up your plans the inds of things you
'ould 'ant to store in your buildings. -he ABAP language is "ery fle&ible. Some of the attributes
of a data type do not ha"e to be specified until you use it to declare a data ob!ect4 or4 in some
cases4 not until runtime. 1t also allo's you to use data ob!ects that you ha"e already declared or
ABAP )ictionary ob!ects as the basis for ne' types or data ob!ects. -here are "arious places in
the ABAP Worbench in 'hich you can store and define data types: