English, Spanish. Traducción. With Comments. Translated From English Into Spanish

2009.Science in Russia.
Biological Filters
1

Water ecology popular science paper, in English and Spanish. BIOLOGICAL FILTERS ARE AN IMPORTANT
PART OF THE BIOSPHERE.
LOS FILTRADORES BIOLGICOS SON UNA PARTE IMPORTANTE DE LA BIOSFERA. With many pictures.

This is a paper in English with a translation into Spanish. The translation and some comments were done
by a volunteer, Angelica Arenas Rodriguez
. The help of the volunteer was important, the author thanks her.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/84318765/Biological-Filters-Are-an-Important-Part-of-the-Biosphere
http://www.scribd.com/doc/56828623/; Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere:
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/ostroumov-sa-biological-filters-are-an-important-part-of-the-
biosphere--science-in-russia-2009--2-p-30-36;
Como citar ste artculo:
Ostroumov S.A. Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. No.
2, p. 30-36.
English abstract with the site of the full text of the English edition of the journal with this paper that
reviews the multi-year research of aquatic organisms that are filter-feeders by Dr. Sergei Ostroumov in
U.K., Russia, Ukraine, and other countries.

Resumenes en espaol y enlaces para obtener el texto completo del articulo en Ingls. Esta es una
recopilacin investigativa de varios aos sobre organismos acuticos que son filtradores, realizadas por
el Dr. Sergei Ostroumov en el Reino Unido, Rusia, Ucrania y otros pases.
**
Ostroumov S.A. Biological filters are an important part of the biosphere // Science in Russia. 2009. No. 2.
P. 30-36. [The journal 'Science in Russia' is published by The Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences,
both in English and in Russian; Nauka Publishers, Moscow; ISSN 0869-7078. www.ras.ru, Russian
Academy of Sciences Presidium; Editor-in-Chief: Professor Academician Rem Petrov; among the
members of the Editorial Board: President of the Russian Academy of Sciences; ex-President of the
Academy; ex-President of Moscow State University; Vice-Presidents of the Academy.]

[La revista 'Science in Rusia' es una publicacin de The Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, en
Ingls y ruso; Nauka Publishers, Mosc; ISSN 0.869-7.078. www.ras.ru, Russian Academy of Sciences
Presidium Academia Rusa de Ciencias (RAS, por sus iniciales en ingls); Jefe Editor: Rem Petrov, Profesor
Acadmico; entre los miembros del Consejo de Redaccin: Presidente; ex-Presidente (RAS); ex-
presidente de la Universidad Estatal de Mosc; Vicepresidentes de la Academia.]
2009.Science in Russia. Biological Filters
2

BIOLOGICAL FILTERS ARE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE BIOSPHERE
LOS FILTRADORES BIOLGICOS SON UNA PARTE IMPORTANTE DE LA BIOSFERA
S.A. Ostroumov
Abstract: Studies of ecology of living organisms lead to a more profound understanding of the intricate
processes of the Earths biosphere functioning. The mankind is still far from establishing harmonious
relations with it. However, permanently progressing destruction of natural complexes by the
technogenic civilization necessitates some new revolutionary approaches to their preservation. That is
why it is so important to study the relationships and interactions between living organisms. One of the
most important roles in this orchestra is played by numerous invertebrates, which filter the water and
improve water quality. To what degree chemical pollutants modify and endanger their capacity to do
this vital ecosystems service?
Resumen: Los estudios sobre la ecologa de los organismos vivos llevan a una comprensin ms
profunda de los intrincados procesos del funcionamiento de la biosfera de la Tierra. La humanidad est
an lejos de establecer las relaciones armoniosas con ellos. Sin embargo, la destruccin progresiva y
permanente de los complejos naturales, por los avances tecnolgicos, necesita nuevos enfoques
revolucionarios para su conservacin. Es por eso que es tan importante estudiar las relaciones e
interacciones entre los organismos vivos. Uno de los papeles ms importantes en esta "orquesta" es
realizado por numerosos invertebrados que filtran el agua y mejoran su calidad. Qu contaminantes
qumicos y en qu grado modifican y ponen en peligro la capacidad para hacer este vital servicio
ecosistmico?
KEY WORDS: filter-feeders, suspension feeders, bivalves, Mercenaria mercenaria, synthetic surfactants,
substances that inhibit the filtration activity, mussels, Mytilus edulis, Peter Donkin, grant proposal,
European Environmental Research Organization, algae, Isochrysis galbana, mussels Mytilus edulis ,
anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cationic
surfactant, TDTMA, turbidostat; culture, rotifers, Brachionus calyciflorus , feeding on algae,
Nannochloropsis limnetica, ecotoxicological, hydrobiological, management considerations, water
quality, biosphere, global change, V.I.Vernadsky, pelagic, benthic, systems, ecosystem's biomachinery,
water quality, self-purification, aquatic, systems, suspended matter, faeces, pseudofaeces, nutrient
cycling, water column, benthic habitats, Suspension-feeders, natural, remediation, negative,
anthropogenic, impacts, new, effects, pollutants, filtration rates, Solyaris, Tarkovsky, Stanislav Lem,
Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol, Santa Fe, ASLO, SIL, Berlin, Plymouth
Marine Laboratory, Coulter counter, zebra mussels, Dreissena, heavy metals, carbon biogeochemistry,
phytoremediation, combating pollution, synecology, theoretical, ecology, biology, sustainable
development, stability, regulation, limnology, biological oceanography, environmental safety,
mariculture, oysters, how much water do the mollusks that inhabit 1 m
2
of the bottom area filter during
one day (24 h)?, ecological chemoregulators, ecological chemomediators, toxins, pheromones,
antifeedants, decreasing, trophic activity, animals, phytoecdisones, carbon transfer, atmospheric CO
2
,
dissolved CO
2
, photosynthesis, ecotechnologies, reducing, hazards, chemical pollution, University of
Georgia, US Environment Protection Agency, phytotechnology, polluted water, macrophytes, higher
plants.
PALABRAS CLAVES: filtradores, alimento en suspensin, Mercenaria mercenaria (bivalvos), surfactantes
sintticos, sustancias que inhiben la actividad de filtracin, Mytilus edulis (mejillones), Peter Donkin,
gran propuesta, Organizacin Europea de Investigacin del Medio Ambiente (EERO, por sus siglas en
3

ingls), Isochrysis galbana (algas), Mytilus edulis (mejillones), tensioactivo aninico: dodecil sulfato de
sodio (SDS, por sus siglas en ingls), tensioactivo catinico: bromuro de tetradeciltrimetilamonio
(TDTMA, por sus siglas en ingls) - turbidostato; cultivo, Brachionus calyciflorus (rotfero),
Nannochloropsis limnetica (alga), ecotoxicologa, hidrobiologa, consideraciones de manejo, calidad del
agua, biosfera, cambio global, V.I.Vernadsky, pelgico, bentnico, sistemas, biomecnica del ecosistema,
la auto-purificacin, sistemas acuticos, materias en suspensin, heces, pseudoheces, el ciclo de
nutrientes, columna de agua, hbitats bentnicos, suspensvoros, natural, remedio, impactos
antropognicos negativos, efectos, contaminantes, tasas de filtracin, Solyaris , Tarkovsky, Stanislav
Lem, Academia de Ciencias de Moldova, Mar Negro, Crimea, Sebastopol, Santa Fe, ASLO, SIL, Berln,
Laboratorio Marino de Plymouth, contador Coulter, Dreissena (mejilln cebra), metales pesados, la
biogeoqumica del carbono, la fitorremediacin, la lucha contra la contaminacin, sinecologa, terica, la
ecologa, la biologa, el desarrollo sustentable, la estabilidad, la regulacin, la limnologa, la oceanografa
biolgica, la seguridad ambiental, la maricultura, las ostras, Qu tanta agua durante un da filtran los
moluscos que habitan en 1 m
2
en el fondo del mar?, chemoregulators ecolgicos, chemomediators
ecolgicos, toxinas , feromonas, antialimentadores, disminuyendo, actividad trfica , animales,
phytoecdisones , transferencia de carbono , CO
2
atmosfrico , CO
2
disuelto, fotosntesis, ecotecnologas,
reduciendo , peligros, contaminacin Qumica, Universidad de Georgia , la Agencia de Proteccin del
Medio Ambiente de los EE.UU. (EPA, por sus siglas en ingls), fitotecnolgicas, agua contaminada, los
macrfitos, plantas superiores.
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/ostroumov-sa-biological-filters-are-an-important-part-of-the-
biosphere--science-in-russia-2009--2-p-30-36
see also: http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/
The text of the paper:
Let us recollect the well-known film Solyaris by the Russian film director Andrei Tarkovsky (1932-
1986), based on a novel of the same name by Stanislav Lem, a Polish writer (1921-2006). One of the
main participants in the dramatic events at the orbital station is a mysterious thinking ocean, covering
the surface of a distant planet. The entire life on this planet is represented by this unique huge creature.
The book and film are so convincing that make one believe in the existence of a huge all-embracing
living organism, desolate because of its uniqueness. The involuntary question suddenly arises: is not
there some unknown basic similarity between our planets biosphere and its breaking into numerous
creatures and the hypothetical Solyaris? And this question seems no longer naive, when one learns how
numerous and close the relationships between various organisms on the Earth are.

El texto del documento:
Recordemos la conocida pelcula "Solyaris" por el director ruso de cine Andrei Tarkovsky (1932-1986),
basada en una novela del mismo nombre de Stanislav Lem, escritor polaco (1921-2006). Uno de los
principales participantes en los acontecimientos dramticos en la estacin orbital es un pensamiento
ocano misterioso, que cubre la superficie de un planeta distante. Toda la vida en este planeta est
representado por esta enorme criatura nica. El libro y la pelcula son tan convincentes que hacen creer
a uno en la existencia de un organismo enorme que todo lo abarca y desolado debido a su singularidad.
La pregunta surge de repente involuntariamente: no hay alguna similitud bsica desconocida entre la
biosfera de nuestro planeta y su ruptura en numerosas criaturas y la hipottica Solyaris? Y esta pregunta
4

ya no parece ingenua, cuando uno aprende que tan numerosas y cercanas son las relaciones entre los
diversos organismos en la Tierra.

Stanislav Lem
Andrei Tarkovsky
PLYMOUTH: MUSSELS
In the 1990s I wrote a series of letters to foreign scientists, forming new scientific contacts. Among
those who responded was Dr. Peter Donkin from the Marine Biological Laboratory in the city of
Plymouth in the south of England, who suggested preparing a joint research project.
Plymouth: MEJILLONES
En la dcada de 1990 escrib una serie de cartas a cientficos extranjeros, formando nuevos contactos
cientficos. Entre los que respondieron fue el Dr. Peter Donkin, del Laboratorio de Biologa Marina en la
ciudad de Plymouth, en el sur de Inglaterra, quien sugiri la preparacin de un proyecto de investigacin
conjunto.

Fig. Bivalve mollusk, mussels with Latin name Mytilus edulis
Figura. Moluscos bivalvos, mejillones con nombre en latn Mytilus edulis

Together with his colleagues they had mastered a method for measuring the filtration activity of marine
mollusks, mussels Mytilus edulis, bivalve mollusks, prevalent in the moderate waters of Northern and
Southern hemispheres, by using the Coulters counter. This device evaluates the concentration of
5

unicellular algae in water, which depends on the filtration capacity of mollusks placed at the bottom of
experimental vessels.
Junto con sus colegas, llegaron a dominar un mtodo para medir la actividad de filtracin de moluscos
marinos, los mejillones Mytilus edulis, moluscos bivalvos, que prevalecen en las aguas moderadas de los
hemisferios norte y sur, con el contador Coulter. Este dispositivo evala la concentracin de algas
unicelulares en el agua, y depende de la capacidad de filtracin de moluscos colocados en la parte
inferior de los vasos experimentales.
By that time I accumulated certain experience in biotesting chemicals, especially synthetic surfactants.
They include a vast class of organic compounds (synthetic detergents, etc.) that reduce the surface
tension of water, which stimulates its washing characteristics. Their molecules, when reacting with cells,
choose biological membranes for targets. Getting into aqueous medium, part of these substances
undergo biological and chemical degradation, but some of them, highly stable, pass through standard
biological water treatment devices. By the way, synthetic surfactants are produced all over the world in
enormous volumes: up to 1 mln metric tons annually only in Russia. I have tested these substances
many times with bacteria, algae, higher plants, leeches, and the larvae of the bivalve Mercenaria
mercenaria. All of them reacted to surfactants, and all reacted negatively. From these results I
hypothesized that these substances will inhibit the filtration activity of the marine mollusks, mussels
Mytilus edulis. This hypothesis was used by me and Peter Donkin when we wrote a grant proposal in
order to verify this hypothesis working together.
Por ese tiempo he acumulado cierta experiencia en productos qumicos bioevaluables, especialmente
los tensioactivos sintticos. Ellos incluyen una amplia clase de compuestos orgnicos (detergentes
sintticos, etc) que reducen la tensin superficial del agua, que incrementa las caractersticas del lavado.
Las molculas cuando reaccionan con las clulas, sus membranas biolgicas eligen sus objetivos. El
realizarlo en un medio acuoso, parte de estas sustancias se someten a la degradacin biolgica y
qumica, pero algunos de ellos, altamente estables, pasan a travs de los dispositivos de tratamiento de
agua biolgica estndar. Es as, que los tensioactivos sintticos se producen en todo el mundo en
grandes volmenes: hasta 1 milln por tonelada mtrica al ao slo en Rusia. He probado estas
sustancias muchas veces con bacterias, algas, plantas superiores, sanguijuelas, y las larvas de los
bivalvos Mercenaria mercenaria. Todos ellos reaccionaron a los tensioactivos, y todos reaccionaron
negativamente. A partir de estos resultados, plante la hiptesis de que estas sustancias inhiben la
actividad de la filtracin de los moluscos marinos, como los mejillones Mytilus edulis. Esta hiptesis fue
utilizada por m y Peter Donkin cuando escribimos una propuesta de donacin con el fin de verificar esta
hiptesis de trabajo juntos.
The project won a grant from the European Environmental Research Organization, and in 1995 the work
was in full swing. Yellowish one-cell algae Isochrysis galbana were grown in huge glass balls; these algae
were then added into the beakers with the mussels Mytilus edulis (Peter and I brought the druses of
mussels into the laboratory after removing them from sea rocks). Reduction of the cell concentration
with time provided information about the water filtration rate. The rate of the process was impressive.
For example, one small mussel just several centimeters in size filters at least 2 l of water within 1 hour.
According to the estimates of some authors, mollusks that inhabit 1 m2 of the bottom area, pass
through themselves (and clean!) from 1 to 10 m3 water during 24 h. It is clear that they are among the
most active participants in some of important processes in the biosphere. And there are reasons to
respect these organisms and agree with the Russian poet Afanasy Fet (1820-1892), who admired them,
writing:
6

Decorated shells are gleaming
In the play of wonderful colors.
Experiments confirmed our hypothesis that had predicted the capacity of synthetic surfactants to inhibit
(suppress) the filtering activity of bivalve mollusks.

El proyecto gan una beca de la Organizacin Europea de Investigacin del Medio Ambiente (European
Environmental Research Organization), y en 1995 el trabajo estaba en pleno apogeo. Las algas
unielulares amarillas Isochrysis galbana fueron cultivadas en grandes bolas de cristal; estas algas fueron
luego agregadas en recipientes con el mejilln Mytilus edulis (Peter y yo llevamos las drusas de
mejillones en el laboratorio despus de retirarlas de las rocas del mar). Se evidenci una reduccin de la
concentracin de clulas con el tiempo proporcionado informacin sobre la tasa de filtracin de agua. La
velocidad del proceso fue impresionante. Por ejemplo, un pequeo mejilln de pocos centmetros filtra
al menos dos litros de agua en una hora. De acuerdo con las estimaciones de algunos autores, los
moluscos que habitan en 1 m
2
de la zona inferior, pasan a travs de ellos mismos (y limpian!) De 1 a 10
m
3
de agua durante 24 h . Est claro que son uno de los participantes ms activos en algunos de los
procesos importantes de la biosfera. Y hay razones para respetar estos organismos y estoy de acuerdo
con el poeta ruso Afanasy Fet (1820-1892), que los admiraba, escribiendo:
"Conchas decoradas estn relucientes
En el juego de colores maravillosos. "
Los experimentos confirmaron nuestra hiptesis de que haba predicho la capacidad de los tensioactivos
sintticos para inhibir (suprimir) la actividad de filtrado de los moluscos bivalvos.
SEVASTOPOL: MUSSELS AND OYSTERS
A new idea was to verify the same hypothesis on another species of marine mussels, Mytilus
galloprovincialis, which inhabits the Black Sea. The possibility to experiment on these organisms at the
Institute of Biology of Southern Seas was granted to me by colleagues from Sevastopol: Georgi Shulman,
Corresponding Member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Galina Finenko and Alexander
Soldatov, Drs. Sc. (Biol.). Another species of algae, Monochrysis lutheri was used in the tests, and the
concentrations of their cells were evaluated by a spectrophotometer. Similarly as in the experiments
carried out in the United Kingdom, we observed some inhibition of the filtration activity of the mussels
under the effect of surfactants. In addition, I verified the effects on the mollusks of several mixed
preparations (synthetic detergents), which include synthetic surfactants as part of their formula. They all
suppressed the filtration activity of the Black Sea mussels and also of the Crassostrea gigas oysters.
SEVASTOPOL : MEJILLONES Y OSTRAS
Una nueva idea era verificar que la misma hiptesis en otra especie de mejilln Mytilus galloprovincialis,
marinos, que habita en el Mar Negro. La posibilidad de experimentar con estos organismos en el
Instituto de Biologa de los Mares del Sur, se me concedi por colegas de Sebastopol: Georgi Shulman,
miembro correspondiente de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Ucrania, Galina Finenko y Alexander
SOLDATOV, Dres. Sc . (Biol). Otra especie de algas Monochrysis lutheri se utiliz en las pruebas, y las
concentraciones de sus clulas se evaluaron mediante un espectrofotmetro . Del mismo modo como
7

en los experimentos llevados a cabo en el Reino Unido, se observ alguna inhibicin de la actividad de
filtracin de los mejillones bajo el efecto de los tensioactivos. Adems, comprob los efectos sobre los
moluscos de varias preparaciones mixtas (detergentes sintticos), que incluyen agentes tensioactivos
sintticos, como parte de su frmula. Todos ellos suprimen la actividad de filtracin de los mejillones del
Mar Negro y tambin de las ostras Crassostrea gigas.
Bivalve mollusk, oyster
Moluscos bivalvos, ostras

It is noteworthy that both species are important as objects of mariculture (cultivation of organisms in
sea water). Mariculture is rapidly developing all over the world and it is important to know what types of
environmental pollution are particularly dangerous to cultivated organisms. In 1999-2006 these studies
were carried out due to fruitful collaboration with Sevastopol scientists.
Es de destacar que ambas especies son importantes como objetos de la maricultura (cultivo de
organismos en el agua de mar). La maricultura se est desarrollando rpidamente en todo el mundo y es
importante saber qu tipos de contaminacin ambiental, son especialmente peligrosos para los
organismos cultivados. En 1999-2006 se llevaron a cabo estos estudios debido a la fructfera
colaboracin con cientficos de Sevastopol.
FROM BERLIN TO SANTA FE: ROTIFERS
De Berln a Santa Fe: rotferos

Professor Norbert Walz from the Institute of Freshwater Ecology in Berlin, where I was invited to in 1998
to read a lecture, told me about a method for cultivation of Brachionus calyciflorus rotifers
(representatives of zoological plankton, another group of invertebrate filter-feeders) under conditions of
a turbidistat (this device maintains a stable level of the concentration of one-cell algae placed there).
El Profesor Norbert Walz, del Instituto de Ecologa de Agua Dulce en Berln, donde fui invitado en 1998
para dar una conferencia, me habl acerca de un mtodo para el cultivo de rotferos Brachionus
calyciflorus (representantes de plancton zoolgico, otro grupo de invertebrados filtradores) bajo
condiciones de un turbidistato (este dispositivo mantiene un nivel estable de la concentracin de algas
unicelulares colocadas all).
8

A microscopic aquatic organism, Rotifer with Latin name Brachionus calyciflorus
Organismos acuticos microscpicos, rotfero con nombre en latn Brachionus calyciflorus
Due to this, the food (green algae) consumption by rotifers is rather precisely registered. By that time
together with my colleague from the Moscow State University, Nataliya Kartashova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), we
worked at the Biological Faculty of the University with another species of rotifers (Brachionus angularis).
Surfactant concentration at the level of 0.5 mg/l exerted a negative, though not clear-cut, effect on
them: reduced the consumption of the Chlorella sp. algae by the rotifers.
Debido a esto, el consumo dela comida (algas verdes) por rotferos se ha registrado con bastante
precisin. En ese momento, junto con mi colega de la Universidad Estatal de Mosc, Nataliya
Kartashova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), que trabaj en la Facultad Biolgica de la Universidad con otras especies de
rotferos (Brachionus angularis). Se calcul la concentracin del surfactante a un nivel de 0,5 mg/L
ejerca un efecto negativo, aunque no claro, sobre ellos: reduciendo el consumo de la alga Chlorella sp.
por los rotferos.
Bearing this in mind, I suggested to Professor N. Walz to carry out a new experiment on rotifers in the
turbidistat. Our joint studies were to verify whether the hypothesis on the probable suppression of the
filter activity by cationic* surfactants could be extrapolated to rotifers, in addition to mollusks. In 2000
due to a grant for research from the Open Society Foundation, I carried out an experiment at the Walz
laboratory. Brachionus calyciflorus rotifers were cultivated in the turbidistat with a suspension of
unicellular algae. When eating, the rotifers removed from water the unicellular algae (1.5-6 m in size)
Nannochloropsis limnetica (this species has been described recently, though the algae, belonging to the
family Eustigmatophyceae, are rather prevalent). The same cationic surfactant, which we had studied
previously with Dr. Kartashova, suppressed the activity of rotifers. Thus, our experiments confirmed the
hypothesis on the role of surfactants as inhibitors of water filtration. We published the results in the
Doklady Akademii nauk (Reports of Academy of Sciences) journal in 2003.
Teniendo esto en mente, le suger al profesor N. Walz para llevar a cabo un nuevo experimento en
rotferos en el turbidistato. Nuestros estudios conjuntos fueron verificar si la hiptesis sobre la represin
probable de la actividad del filtro por tensioactivos catinicos * podra extrapolarse a los rotferos,
adems de moluscos. En el 2000, debido a una subvencin para la investigacin de la Fundacin
Sociedad Abierta (Open Society Foundation), llev a cabo un experimento en el laboratorio de Walz. Los
rotferos Brachionus calyciflorus se cultivaron en el turbidistato con una suspensin de algas
unicelulares. Cuando coman, los rotferos retiraban del agua las algas unicelulares (1,5-6 m de tamao)
Nannochloropsis limnetica (esta especie ha sido descrita recientemente, a pesar de ser una alga, que
pertenece a la familia Eustigmatophyceae, son bastantes prevalentes). El mismo tensioactivo catinico,
9

que habamos estudiado previamente con el Dr. Kartashova, suprimi la actividad de rotferos. Por lo
tanto, nuestros experimentos confirmaron la hiptesis sobre el papel de los tensioactivos como
inhibidores de la filtracin de agua. Publicamos los resultados en la revista Doklady Akademii nauk
(Informes de la Academia de Ciencias) en 2003.
In a word, it has become clear that the mechanism of biological structure of ecosystems is unstable:
they are sensitive to pollutants even in rather low concentrations. New concepts on water self-cleaning
were very useful in organization of a scientific session in 2000 in the city of Santa Fe (USA), where the
author of this paper managed to unite efforts of scientists from Israel, China, The Netherlands, Russia,
the USA, and FRG, and in 2001 in organization of a similar workshop in Copenhagen (Denmark). Our
theory helped to predict other similar biological effects.
En una palabra, se ha hecho evidente que el mecanismo de la estructura biolgica de los ecosistemas es
inestable: son sensibles a los contaminantes, incluso en concentraciones muy bajas. Nuevos conceptos
en la auto-limpieza del agua fueron muy tiles en la organizacin de una sesin cientfica en el ao 2000
en la ciudad de Santa Fe (EE.UU.), donde el autor de este trabajo logr unir los esfuerzos de cientficos
de Israel, China, Pases Bajos, Rusia, los EE.UU., y el FRG, y en el2001 en la organizacin de un taller
similar en Copenhague (Dinamarca). Nuestra teora ayud a detectar otros efectos biolgicos similares.
THE MOSCOW REGION: FRESHWATER UNIONIDE MOLLUSKS
The results of our studies of marine mollusks suggested that presumably this effect of surfactants could
be observed with freshwater organisms as well. Our experiments (in many of them our assistant was
Nataliya Kolotilova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.) from Moscow State University) with unionid bivalve mollusks Unio
pictorum, inhabiting the rivers of the Moscow region, confirmed the hypothesis.
La regin de Mosc: agua dulce mono ionizada y con moluscos
Los resultados de nuestros estudios de moluscos marinos sugirieron que, presumiblemente, este efecto
de los tensioactivos se pudo observar con organismos de agua dulce tambin. Nuestros experimentos
(en muchos de ellos a nuestro asistente fue Nataliya Kolotilova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.) de la Universidad Estatal
de Mosc- Moscow State University) con moluscos bivalvos mono ionizados Unio pictorum, que habitan
los ros de la regin de Mosc, confirm la hiptesis.

Frehswater bivalve mollusk Unio pictorum
The effects of representatives of all three main classes of surfactants were tested: anionic, cationic, and
nonionogenic detergents. We also tested the capacity of freshwater mollusks to extract bacteria from
the water during its filtration. For this purpose, the suspension of bacteria Escherichia coli (30 ml) was
added into each of two vessels with 3 l of water with the bivalves that we studied. The concentrations of
10

the bacteria were measured after 24 h incubation. It was 150,000 cells/ml in the vessel with mollusks
and 480,000 cells/ml in the control vessel (without the bivalves). Hence, due to the presence and
activity of the unionids the concentration of the bacteria in the water reduced 3-fold.
Molusco bivalvo Frehswater Unio pictorum
Los efectos de los representantes de las tres clases principales de agentes tensioactivos se ensayaron:
detergentes aninicos, catinicos y no inicos. Tambin hemos probado la capacidad de los moluscos de
agua dulce para extraer las bacterias del agua durante su filtracin. Para este propsito, se aadi la
suspensin de la bacteria Escherichia coli (30 ml) en cada uno de dos vasos con 3L de agua con los
bivalvos que hemos estudiado. Las concentraciones de las bacterias se midieron despus de 24 h de
incubacin. Fue 150.000 clulas / ml en el recipiente con moluscos y 480.000 clulas / ml en el
recipiente de control (sin los bivalvos). Por lo tanto, debido a la presencia y la actividad de las nyades la
concentracin de las bacterias en el agua se redujo 3 veces.
Thus, one more example proved the important role of biological filter-feeders in water cleaning. It is
particularly important for contemporary Russia, where the quality of reservoirs* and streams, serving as
sources of drinking water for the population, does not always correspond to the hygienic standards:
more than 20 percent of samples collected from them do not meet the standard requirements.
Por lo tanto, un ejemplo ms demostr el importante papel de biolgicos filtradores en la limpieza del
agua. Es particularmente importante para la Rusia contempornea, donde la calidad de los embalses * y
arroyos, que sirve como fuente de agua potable para la poblacin, no siempre corresponde con las
normas de higiene: ms del 20 por ciento de las muestras obtenidas de ellas no cumplen con el estndar
de los requisitos.
KISHINEV: ZEBRA MUSSELS
At one of the scientific conferences at the Moscow State University I met Yelena Zubkova, Dr. Sc. (Biol.),
from the Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Together with her team she
investigated the process of metal (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, etc.) accumulation by mollusks. And
our mutual efforts were focused on studies of the mollusks Dreissena polymorpha.
Kishinev: mejillones cebra
En una de las conferencias cientficas de la Universidad Estatal de Mosc conoc a Yelena Zubkova, Dr.
Sc.. (Biol.), del Instituto de Zoologa de la Academia de Ciencias de Moldova. Junto con su equipo
investig el proceso de metales (hierro, cobre, zinc, manganeso, etc) por la acumulacin de moluscos. Y
nuestros esfuerzos mutuos se han centrado en los estudios de los moluscos Dreissena polymorpha.
11

Figure: Freshwater bivalve mollusk, zebra mussel with Latin name Dreissena polymorpha
These small mollusks, living in fresh and slightly salty waters, in rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, are
characterized by a peculiar coloring of shell valves peculiar strips (given certain imagination, one can
find them similar to the zebra coloring). However, they are aggressors: they rapidly occupy and populate
new reservoirs and streams, their populations reaching great numbers. Let us add: zebra mussels are
typical invaders, and their swift migration all over the Earth is one of the pressing ecological problems
of our time. That is why comprehensive study of all aspects of life of such species is important for
practice.
Figura: Freshwater bivalvo molusco, mejilln cebra con nombre en latn Dreissena polymorpha
Estos pequeos moluscos, que viven en aguas dulces y ligeramente saladas, en los ros, embalses y
lagos, se caracterizan por una coloracin peculiar de vlvulas con peculiares tiras (dada cierta
imaginacin, uno puede encontrarlos similar a la coloracin de cebra). Sin embargo, son agresivos:
rpidamente ocupan e invaden nuevos embalses y arroyos, su poblacin alcanza gran nmero. Adems
los mejillones cebra son invasores tpicos, y su rpida migracin de toda la Tierra es uno de los
problemas ecolgicos urgentes de nuestro tiempo. Es por ello que el estudio exhaustivo de todos los
aspectos de la vida de estas especies es importante para la prctica.
In 2006 together with several Moldavian colleagues we studied the role of zebra mussels and other
mollusks in the biogenic migration of chemical elements in aquatic ecosystems. Professor Ivan
Toderash, Academician-Secretary of the Department of Biological, Chemical, and Ecological Sciences of
the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, took an active part in this study.
En 2006, junto con varios colegas moldavos se estudi el papel de los mejillones cebra y otros moluscos
en la migracin biognica de elementos qumicos en los ecosistemas acuticos. El Profesor Ivan
Toderash, Acadmico-Secretario del Departamento de Ciencias Biolgicas, Qumica y Ciencias Ecolgicas
de la Academia de Ciencias de Moldova, tomaron parte activa en este estudio.
One of the members of our team, Oksana Munzhiu, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), from the Institute of Zoology, the
Academy of Sciences of Moldova, used the method which was suggested by me for work with mollusks,
in her studies of zebra mussels. It has become clear that some heavy metals inhibited their filtration
12

activity. By the way, the result is in accord with my earlier data of a series of experiments on the Black
Sea mussels (Latin name Mytilus galloprovincialis), carried out in 2001-2005 in Sevastopol.
Uno de los miembros de nuestro equipo, Oksana Munzhiu, Dr. Sc.. (Biol.), del Instituto de Zoologa de la
Academia de Ciencias de Moldova, utiliz el mtodo que fue sugerido por m para el trabajo con los
moluscos, en sus estudios sobre el mejilln cebra. Se ha hecho evidente que algunos metales pesados
inhiben su actividad filtradora. Por cierto, el resultado est de acuerdo con mis datos anteriores de una
serie de experimentos en los mejillones del Mar Negro (Mytilus galloprovincialis, nombre en latn),
llevado a cabo en 2001-2005 en Sebastopol.
Collaboration with the Moldavian specialists stimulated our interest in the studies of the role of
mollusks in migration of substances in the biosphere. This trend of research is focused on the details of
the concepts put forward by Academician Vladimir Vernadsky in his pioneering books The Biosphere
(1926) and Chemical Structure of the Earth Biosphere and Its Environment (written in 1935-1943,
published in 1965) on the extremely active role of living organisms in translocation of the matter,
which he called biogenic migration of atoms in the biosphere.
La colaboracin con los especialistas de Moldavia estimula nuestro inters en los estudios sobre el papel
de los moluscos en la migracin de las sustancias en la biosfera. Esta tendencia de la investigacin se
centra en los detalles de los conceptos expuestos por el acadmico Vladimir Vernadsky en sus libros
pioneros la Biosfera (1926) y la estructura qumica de la biosfera de la Tierra y su entorno (escrita en
1935/43, publicado en el ao 1965 un papel extremadamente activo de los organismos vivos en la
translocacin de la cuestin, a la que llam la migracin biognica de tomos en la biosfera.
STUDIES OF THE BIOSPHERE APPARATUS
In 1986 the author of this paper published the book Introduction to Biochemical Ecology, in which our
concept of the biosphere as an ecological biochemical continuum was mentioned for the first time. The
word biochemical has there a new connotation, with an emphasis on interactions between a chemical
substance and a biological organism. The years that had passed since confirmed that this concept of the
biosphere was adequate, particularly under the conditions of anthropogenic impact numerous
chemicals more and more often become involved.
ESTUDIOS DEL "APARATO" BIOSFERA
En 1986, el autor de este trabajo public el libro Introduccin a la Ecologa Bioqumica, en la que se
mencionaba nuestro concepto de la biosfera como una continua bioqumica ecolgica por primera vez.
La palabra "bioqumica" tiene all una nueva connotacin, con nfasis en la interaccin entre una
sustancia qumica y un organismo biolgico. Los aos que haban pasado, desde confirmaron que ste
concepto de la biosfera era adecuado, especialmente en las condiciones de los productos qumicos de
efecto numerosas antropognicas ms y ms a menudo se involucran.
Some new terms were coined and introduced in that book, for example, ecological chemoregulators
and ecological chemomediators, denoting a broad class of substances produced by one group of
organism and capable of producing a significant biological effect on other organisms, for example,
toxins, pheromones, antifeedants (the natural chemicals that decrease trophic activity of animals),
phytoecdisones (the natural plant substances with hormone-like effects on animals). Fruitful studies of
some of these substances (cytotoxic, antibacterial, etc.) are carried out at many institutes of the Russian
13

Federation, for example, at the Pacific Institute of Organic Biochemistry, Far-Eastern Division of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok).
Algunos de los nuevos trminos fueron acuados e introducidos en ese libro, por ejemplo,
"quimioreguladores ecolgicos" y "quimioreguladores ecolgicos", lo que denota una amplia clase de
sustancias producidas por un grupo de organismos y capaz de producir un efecto biolgico significativo
en otros organismos, por ejemplo, las toxinas, las feromonas, antialimentadores (las sustancias qumicas
naturales que disminuyen la actividad trfica de los animales), fito ecdisonas (las sustancias naturales de
plantas con efectos similares a las hormonas en los animales). Estudios fructferos de algunas de estas
sustancias (citotxico, antibacteriano, etc) se llevan a cabo en muchos institutos de la Federacin de
Rusia, por ejemplo, en el Instituto del Pacfico de Bioqumica Orgnica, Far-Eastern Division de la
Academia de Ciencias de Rusia (Vladivostok) .
Recently, the idea of close interactions between different species of living organisms in communities has
been developed (the synecological approach). The concept of synecological cooperation, emphasizing
the significance of various forms of functional associations between different species, has been put
forward by the author.
Recientemente, la idea de una estrecha interaccin entre las diferentes especies de organismos vivos en
las comunidades se ha desarrollado (el enfoque sinecolgico). El concepto de cooperacin sinecolgico,
haciendo hincapi en la importancia de las distintas formas de asociaciones funcionales entre las
diferentes especies, ha sido presentada por el autor.
The adequacy of this approach was confirmed, among other things, by detection of more and more new
symbiotic associations of species in water biocenoses (natural complexes of organisms). Thus, in 2008
the book Microbiology of Biocenoses of Natural Reservoirs by Oleg Bukharin, Corresponding Member of
Russian Academy of Sciences, and Nataliya Nemtseva, Dr. Sc. (Med.), (Institute of Cellular and
Intracellular Symbiosis, RAS Ural Branch), was published in Yekaterinburg. It presents many examples of
symbiotic associations of several types, including algae-bacteria associations (for example,
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii green algae with several species of bacteria, including Rhodococcus terrae,
Micrococcus roseus, Bacillus sp.), algae-Protozoa associations (e.g., Chlorella vulgaris algae and
infusorian Paramecium caudatum ), etc.
La adecuacin de este enfoque se confirm, entre otras cosas, mediante la deteccin de ms y ms
nuevas asociaciones simbiticas de especies en las biocenosis de agua (complejos naturales de
organismos). As, en 2008 el libro de Microbiologa de la biocenosis de reservorios naturales de Oleg
Bukharin, miembro correspondiente de la Academia Rusa de Ciencias, y Nataliya Nemtseva, Dr. Sc..
(Med.), (Instituto de Celular y Intracelular Simbiosis, RAS Ural Branch), fue publicado en Yekaterinburg.
Presenta muchos ejemplos de asociaciones simbiticas de varios tipos, incluidas las asociaciones de
algas-bacterias (por ejemplo, las algas verdes Chlamydomonas reinhardtii con varias especies de
bacterias, incluyendo Rhodococcus terrae, Micrococcus roseus, Bacillus sp.), Asociaciones de algas
Protozoa (por ejemplo, las algas Chlorella vulgaris y el paramecio Paramecium caudatum), etc.
Elements of our ecological theory were formulated in a series of articles published in Reports of
Academy of Sciences (Doklady Akademii nauk) in 2000-2004 and several monographs: Biological Effects
of Surfactants in Connection with Anthropogenic Impact on the Biosphere, 2000; Biological Effects of
Surfactants on Living Organisms, 2001; Biotic Mechanism of Self-Purification of Fresh and Sea Waters.
Elements of Theory and Applications, 2004; Pollution, Self-Purification , and Restoration of Aquatic
Ecosystems, 2005 (M.: MAX-Press); Biological Effects of Surfactants (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca
14

Raton, London, New York, 2006); Hydrobiological Self-Purification of Waters: From Studies of Biological
Mechanisms to Search for Ecotechnologies (Academic Readings series, iss. 48; M.: Neft i Gaz (Oil and
Gas) Publishers, 2007). This theory systematizes the facts and concepts, showing that virtually all main
groups of aquatic organisms make an important and multi-functional (polyfunctional) contribution to
water purification. The efforts of mollusks in the course of water filtration activity, and their energy
expenditures are so great, that we can speak about a kind of ecological tax paid by them to the
ecosystem a tax for the stability of habitat. The clear-cut and mutually beneficial cooperation of
aquatic organisms, excellent balance and coordination of their efforts are so high, that the author
suggested the term biomachinery to denote this functional system, which was positively accepted by
the international scientific community.
Los elementos de nuestra teora ecolgica se formularon en una serie de artculos publicados en los
informes de la Academia de Ciencias (Doklady Akademii nauk) en 2000-2004 y varias monografas:
Efectos biolgicos de los tensioactivos en conexin con antropognico Impacto en la Biosfera, 2000;
Efectos biolgicos de agentes tensioactivos en los organismos vivos, 2001; Mecanismo de Bitica de la
auto- purificacin de la dulce y Aguas Marinas. Elementos de Teora y Aplicaciones, 2004; La
contaminacin, la auto-purificacin, y Restauracin de Ecosistemas Acuticos, 2005 (M.: MAX- Press);
Efectos biolgicos de surfactantes (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis , Boca Raton, Londres, Nueva York, 2006);
Hidrobiolgico autodepuracin de las aguas : de Estudios de los mecanismos biolgicos de Bsqueda de
tecnologa medioambiental (serie " Lecturas Acadmicos , iss 48 ; M.: . Neft i Gaz (Petrleo y Gas)
Publishers, 2007). Esta teora sistematiza los hechos y conceptos, lo que demuestra que prcticamente
todos los principales grupos de organismos acuticos hacen una importante y multi- funcional
(polifuncional) contribucin para la purificacin del agua . Los esfuerzos de los moluscos en el curso de
la actividad de filtracin de agua, y sus gastos de energa son tan grandes, que podemos hablar de una
especie de impuesto ecolgico pagado por ellos para el ecosistema - un impuesto para la estabilidad del
hbitat. La cooperacin clara y de beneficio mutuo de los organismos acuticos, excelente equilibrio y la
coordinacin de sus esfuerzos son tan altos, que el autor sugiere el trmino "biomaquinaria" para
referirse a este sistema funcional, que fue positivamente aceptado por la comunidad cientfica
internacional.
Thus, what is the result of these studies? Speaking about theory, we can say that one of the basic results
is as follows. Academician V. Vernadsky in his book The Biosphere mentioned the notion of the
biosphere apparatus, formed by the multitude of living organisms and their functions. The scientist
mentioned this term, but in fact he did not work out it in detail. We think that the data presented here
contribute to elaborating this concept. It seems that the fragmentation of the biosphere into numerous
individuals creates a basis for specialization of functions, useful for the biosphere in general. The
presence of a huge number of individuals creates the base for construction of a fine multi-functional
(polyfunctional) mechanism, or, to be more precise, numerous mechanisms for life maintenance. One of
them is water purification with participation of invertebrate filter-feeding animals. The multiplicity of
mechanisms and super-multiplicity of the organisms which are involved creates the problem of balance
and regulation of this complex orchestra. At least a part of coordinating efforts is mediated by some
chemicals. Sensitivity to them, in turn, creates a special type of the ecological hazards associatied with
the biosphere vulnerability. This hazard consists in negative effects of man-made synthetic chemical
pollutants.
Por lo tanto, cul es el resultado de estos estudios? Hablando acerca de la teora, se puede decir que
uno de los resultados fundamentales es como sigue. El acadmico V. Vernadsky en su libro La biosfera
mencion la nocin de "aparato" de la biosfera, formado por la multitud de organismos vivos y sus
15

funciones. El cientfico menciona este trmino, pero en realidad no funcion en detalle. Creemos que los
datos que aqu se presentan contribuyen a la elaboracin de este concepto . Parece que la
fragmentacin de la biosfera en numerosos individuos crea una base para la especializacin de las
funciones, tiles para la biosfera en general. La presencia de un gran nmero de individuos crea la base
para la construccin de un mecanismo bien de mltiples funciones (polifuncional), o, para ser,
numerosos mecanismos ms precisos para el mantenimiento de la vida. Uno de ellos es la purificacin
del agua con participacin de animales invertebrados se alimentan por filtracin. La multiplicidad de
mecanismos y super- multiplicidad de los organismos que participan crea el problema de equilibrio y
regulacin de esta orquesta compleja. Al menos una parte de los esfuerzos de coordinacin est
mediada por algunos productos qumicos. La sensibilidad a ellos, a su vez, crea un tipo especial de los
peligros ecolgicos asociados con la vulnerabilidad de la biosfera. Este riesgo consiste en los efectos
negativos de los contaminantes qumicos sintticos artificiales.
The above experiments proved the hazards of synthetic detergents impact on filter-feeding mollusks*.
The serious danger lies in the fact that the decrease of their filtration capacity decreases the level of
water cleansing. Another important fact is that mollusks release numerous pellets made from the
organic matter filtered from the water. As a result, the organic material is transferred from the column
of water to the bottom, where it is accumulated in great quantities. As the organic substance that is
suspended in the column of water is formed during photosynthesis from CO
2
dissolved in water, the
entire chain of carbon transfers can be represented in the following sequence: atmospheric CO
2

dissolved CO
2
photosynthesis phytoplankton removal of the latter by the organisms that are
filter-feeders pellets organic substance of bottom sediments .
El grave peligro radica en el hecho de que la disminucin de su capacidad de filtracin disminuye el nivel
de limpieza del agua. Otro hecho importante es que los moluscos liberan numerosas particulas a partir
de la materia orgnica filtrada desde el agua. Como resultado, el material orgnico se transfiere de la
columna de agua a la parte inferior, donde se acumula en grandes cantidades. De igual manera la
sustancia orgnica que se suspende en la columna de agua durante la fotosntesis de CO
2
disuelta en el
agua, toda la cadena de transferencias de carbono se puede representar en la siguiente secuencia: CO
2
atmosfrico- CO
2
disuelto-fotosntesis-fitoplancton-eliminacin de este ltimo por los organismos que
son sustancias filtradores-particulas - sedimentos orgnicos del fondo.
This chain is essential for maintaining a certain concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which has key
importance for the climatic system of the Earth. As a result, disorders in water filtration by invertebrates
may finally create a new hazard to the stability of climate on the planet.
Esta cadena es esencial para mantener una cierta concentracin de CO
2
en la atmsfera, lo cual tiene
una importancia clave para el sistema climtico de la Tierra. Como resultado, los trastornos en la
filtracin de agua por invertebrados, finalmente, pueden crear un nuevo peligro para la estabilidad del
clima en el planeta.
Given the new knowledge, the network of numerous interactions between chemicals and organisms in
the biosphere is better seen today. Many natural chemicals are creating an enormous number of links
among living creatures. Now we see better, on the one hand, the details of the biosphere apparatus,
represented by living creatures, and on the other hand, the integration of organisms into a whole. And
the difference between the biospheres of the Earth and the imaginary Solyaris no longer seems so great.
Teniendo en cuenta los nuevos conocimientos, la red de numerosas interacciones entre los productos
qumicos y los organismos en la biosfera se ve mejor en la actualidad. Muchos productos qumicos
16

naturales estn generando una enorme cantidad de vnculos entre los seres vivos. Ahora vemos mejor,
por una parte, los detalles del aparato de la biosfera, representado por los seres vivos, y por otro lado, la
integracin de los organismos en su conjunto. Y la diferencia entre las biosferas de la Tierra y el
imaginario Solyaris ya no parece tan grande.
Such are the general theoretical results of our work. In a practical aspect, one of the results consists in
creation of a more adequate system of criteria for evaluation of the hazards of anthropogenic effects
and in finding new aspects of those hazards. We mean here the disruption of links between the
organisms and disactivation of their functions the functions, which are useful for maintenance of
water quality and purity.
Tales son los resultados tericos generales de nuestro trabajo. En un aspecto prctico, uno de los
resultados consiste en la creacin de un sistema ms adecuado de los criterios para la evaluacin de los
peligros de los efectos antropognicos y en la bsqueda de nuevos aspectos de esos peligros. Nos
referimos aqu la interrupcin de los enlaces entre los organismos y desactivacin de sus funciones las
funciones, que son tiles para el mantenimiento de la calidad del agua y pureza.
I shall add in conclusion that together with Yelena Solomonova, a postgraduate student, we started
developing ecotechnologies (ecological technologies) for reducing hazards of chemical pollution. Using
the information and experience obtained during my business trip to the University of Georgia and the
US Agency for Environment Protection (USA, 2005), we are now working on the development of a
phytotechnology to treat polluted water using aquatic macrophytes (higher plants). Some students of
the Biological Faculty of the Moscow State University show interest in this work. Based on our theory of
self-purification of water ecosystems, we put forward a new concept of zooremediation of
contaminated ecosystems use of animals (water invertebrates) in order to cleanse water.
Aadir para terminar, que junto con Yelena Solomonova, un estudiante de posgrado, empezamos a
desarrollar las tecnologas ambientales (tecnologas ecolgicas) para reducir los riesgos de
contaminacin qumica. El uso de la informacin y la experiencia obtenida durante mi viaje de negocios
a la Universidad de Georgia y la Agencia de los EE.UU. para la Proteccin del Medio Ambiente (EE.UU.,
2005), ahora estamos trabajando en el desarrollo de una fitotecnologa para tratar el agua contaminada
utilizando macrfitas acuticas (plantas superiores). Algunos estudiantes de la Facultad de Biolgicas de
la Universidad Estatal de Mosc muestran inters en este trabajo. Sobre la base de nuestra teora de la
auto-purificacin de los ecosistemas acuticos, presentamos un nuevo concepto de zooremediation de
ecosistemas contaminados-uso de animales (invertebrados de agua) con el fin de limpiar el agua.
[End of the text]
Illustrations supplied by the author. The list of the illustrations:
Plankton organisms serve as water filters.
Mytilus edulis mussels. The mantle edges (soft tissues of the organism) and siphons are seen. Due to
half-open valves, the mollusks filter the water.
Water filtration by Mytilus edulis mussels. Reduction of Isochrysis galbana algae concentration.
Baikal sponges. Near the shore they can filter the entire water thickness in less than 2 days, ensuring its
purity.
17

Bivalve filter mollusks: 1 Crenomytilus grayanus giant mussel; 2 Mytilus edulis edible mussel; 3
Saxidomus purpuratus; 4 Ostrea edulis common (or edible) oyster; 5 Crassotrea gigas giant oyster; 6
Crassotrea virginica Virginian oyster; 7 Ostrea denselamellosa lamellar oyster; 8 Pecten maximus;
9 Pecten yessoensis seaside commercial pecten. The rate of filtration by Ostrea edulis oysters reaches
8.8 l/h at a rate of 1 g of dry weight of their soft tissues (without shells).
The rate of water filtration by mussels at increasing concentrations of an added surfactant (the first
column control, further at increasing surfactant concentrations from 0.05 to 5 mg/l). Figures above
the columns show percentage of control.
Fin del texto ]
Ilustraciones proporcionadas por el autor . La lista de las ilustraciones :

Organismos de plancton sirven como filtros de agua.
Mejillones Mytilus edulis . Los bordes del manto ( tejidos blandos del organismo ) y sifones son vistos .
Debido a las vlvulas entreabiertas , los moluscos filtran el agua .
La filtracin del agua por mejillones Mytilus edulis. Reduccin de Isochrysis galbana concentracin de
algas .
Esponjas Baikal. Cerca de la orilla que pueden filtrar todo el espesor de agua en menos de 2 das , lo que
garantiza su pureza .
Filtro de Moluscos Bivalvos : 1- Crenomytilus grayanus mejilln gigante ; 2 - Mytilus edulis mejilln
comestible ; 3 - Saxidomus purpuratus ; 4 - Ostrea edulis comn (o comestible) de ostras ; 5 - Crassotrea
gigas ostra gigante ; 6 - Crassostrea virginica Virginian ostra ; 7 - Ostrea denselamellosa ostra laminar; 8 -
Pecten maximus ; Pecten comercial junto al mar 9 - Pecten yessoensis . La tasa de filtracin por las
ostras Ostrea edulis llega a 8,8 l / h a una velocidad de 1 g de peso en seco de sus tejidos blandos ( sin
cscara ) .
La tasa de filtracin de agua por mejillones en concentraciones crecientes de un agente tensioactivo
aadido ( el primero de control de la columna , adems, al aumento de las concentraciones de
tensioactivo de 0,05 a 5 mg / l ) . Figuras encima de las columnas muestran el porcentaje de control.
SOME BOOKS AND PAPERS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT OF THE PAPER ABOVE:
several monographs:
ALGUNOS LIBROS Y DOCUMENTOS MENCIONADOS EN EL TEXTO DEL DOCUMENTO DE ARRIBA:
varias monografas:
Biological Effects of Surfactants in Connection with Anthropogenic Impact on the Biosphere, 2000
(author: S. A. Ostroumov);
Biological Effects of Surfactants on Living Organisms (author: S. A. Ostroumov), 2001;
18

Biotic Mechanism of Self-Purification of Fresh and Sea Waters. Elements of Theory and Applications,
2004 (author: S. A. Ostroumov);
Pollution, Self-Purification, and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems, 2005 (M.: MAX-Press, author: S. A.
Ostroumov);
Biological Effects of Surfactants (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, London, New York, 2006);
(author: S. A. Ostroumov) in English; http://www.scribd.com/doc/46637373/
Hydrobiological Self-Purification of Waters: From Studies of Biological Mechanisms to Search for
Ecotechnologies (Academic Readings series, issue 48; M.: Neft i Gaz (Oil and Gas) Publishers, 2007)
(author: S. A. Ostroumov).
LIST OF THE KEY PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUTHOR WITH ANNOTATIONS AND SITES, THE TEXTS ARE
AVAILABLE ONLINE FREE:
Innovative conceptualization of ecosystems biomachinery (a new scientific term that was
proposed by the author; it means ecological mechanisms that include biological communities and
biodiversity) which improves water quality. The innovative experimental data analysis, concepts,
and generalizations in this article provide the fundamental elements of the new qualitative theory
of biocontrol of water quality in a systematized form. The theory covers water self-purification in
freshwater and marine ecosystems. The theory is supported by the results of the authors
experimental studies of the effects exerted by some chemical pollutants including synthetic
surfactants, detergents, and other xenobiotics on aquatic organisms. The new fundamental
conceptualization provides a basis for remediation of polluted aquatic ecosystems including
purification of water bodies and streams, and briefly present the qualitative theory of the self-
purification mechanism of aquatic ecosystems, phytoremediation and other types of technologies.
LISTA DE LAS PUBLICACIONES CLAVE DEL AUTOR CON ANOTACIONES Y SITIOS , LOS TEXTOS ESTAN
DISPONIBLES ONLINE GRATIS :
1 conceptualizacin innovadora de biomecnica del ecosistema. ( Un nuevo trmino cientfico que
fue propuesto por el autor , sino que significa mecanismos ecolgicos que incluyen las comunidades
biolgicas y de la biodiversidad ) que mejora la calidad del agua . El innovador anlisis experimental
de datos , conceptos y generalizaciones en este artculo proporcionan los elementos fundamentales
de la nueva teora cualitativa de biocontrol de la calidad del agua en una forma sistematizada. La
teora cubre la auto- purificacin del agua en los ecosistemas de agua dulce y marinos. La teora se
apoya en los resultados de los estudios experimentales de la autora de los efectos ejercidos por
algunos contaminantes qumicos, incluyendo tensioactivos sintticos , detergentes y otros
xenobiticos en los organismos acuticos . La nueva conceptualizacin fundamental proporciona
una base para la recuperacin de los ecosistemas acuticos contaminados , incluyendo la
purificacin de los cuerpos de agua y arroyos , y presentar brevemente la teora cualitativa de los
mecanismos de autodepuracin de los ecosistemas acuticos , fitorremediacin y otros tipos de
tecnologas.
Ostroumov S. A. Biocontrol of Water Quality: Multifunctional Role of Biota in Water Self-
Purification. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2010, Vol. 80, No. 13, pp. 27542761; Abstract:
http://www.chemeurope.com/en/publications/211554/biocontrol-of-water-quality-multifunctional-
role-of-biota-in-water-self-purification.html;
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Abstract: http://www.scribd.com/doc/75101299/
Full text: http://www.scribd.com/doc/49131150/; www.scribd.com/doc/49131150;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/73175163/; DOI: 10.1134/S1070363210130086;
2. Review of ecotoxicology of nanomaterials. Ostroumov S.A., Kotelevtsev S.V.
Toxicology of nanomaterials and environment. - Ecologica. 2011, vol. 18, issue 61, pp. 3-10;
www.scribd.com/doc/58103094/; http://scipeople.ru/publication/102825/;
3. A new conceptualization which is based on his suggestion to identify a new type of
matter in the biosphere. The author called it ex-living matter (ELM). The author discusses his
experiments (together with his co-authors) which provide the factual foundation to this
conceptualization;
Ostroumov S.A. Some issues of chemico-biotic interactions and the new in the teaching on the
biosphere / series: Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions. Volume 17. Moscow, MAX Press, 2011.
20 p. ISBN 978-5-317-03710-9;
http://scipeople.ru/publication/102875/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/57818520/;
4. A review of the authors studies of aquatic organisms, mainly marine and freshwater
invertebrates that are filter-feeders - biological filters - as an important part of the biosphere and
hydrosphere. The studies were conducted in laboratories of four countries.
Ostroumov S.A. // Science in Russia. 2009. 2. P. 30-36. [The journal Science in Russia is published
by the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, both in English and in Russian; Nauka Publishers,
Moscow; ISSN 0869-7078. www.ras.ru, Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium.]
http://b23.ru/n4v7;
5. This paper formulated a fundamentally new solution to the problem of selecting
criteria for identification and assessing environmental hazards of chemical pollutants, toxicants; the
paper explains why the currently accepted set of criteria is non-efficient and leads to mistakes;
Ostroumov S. A. Criteria of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects on the biota:
searching for a system. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2000; 371: 204-206. Doklady
Biological Sciences: ISSN PRINT: 0012-4966. ISSN ONLINE: 1608-3105/.
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/; www.scribd.com/doc/49088234;
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/; Why this paper is useful:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/60891549/;
6. This paper gave a revolutionary new insight into the core functions and identity of
ecosystem as a bioreactor to maintain water quality; Ostroumov S. A. An aquatic ecosystem: a large-
scale diversified bioreactor with a water self-purification function. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2000.
Vol. 374, P. 514-516. scribd.com/doc/49065542; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49069997;
7. This paper discovered the multi-faceted role of the entire broad range of aquatic
organisms as a unique (both changeable and fragile) part of the mechanism of ecosystem service to
improve water quality;
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The Concept of Aquatic Biota as a Labile and Vulnerable Component of the Water Self-
Purification System. - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, 2000, pp. 286289.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49069991;
8. The new authors experiments discovered that the biota-driven fluxes of the matter
and chemical elements in a model ecosystem were decreased by a chemical pollutant exemplified by
a synthetic surfactant. S. A. Ostroumov and M. P. Kolesnikov. Biocatalysis of Matter Transfer in a
Microcosm Is Inhibited by a Contaminant: Effects of a Surfactant on Limnea stagnalis. [Lymnaea
stagnalis] - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 373, 2000, pp. 397399. Translated from Doklady
Akademii Nauk, Vol. 373, No. 2, 2000, pp. 278280. scribd.com/doc/49069985;
9. The paper discovered new mechanisms triggering eutrophication and as a result, a
new solution to the problem of eutrophication; Ostroumov S. A. The Synecological Approach to
the Problem of Eutrophication. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, v.381, No.1-6; pp.559-562.
10. First measurements, first publication: New quantitative data on how aquatic mollusks
drive fluxes of the chemical elements. Ostroumov S. A., M. P. Kolesnikov. Pellets of Some Mollusks in
the Biogeochemical Flows of C, N, P, Si, and Al. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, v.379, p.378-381.
scribd.com/doc/49065604; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911730; http://b23.ru/ndgz; PMID:
12918380; scribd.com/doc/49065604; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911730; http://b23.ru/ndgz;
11. Modernization and refreshing of the most fundamental concepts, notions, and
terminology of ecology; Ostroumov S.A. New Definitions of the Concepts and Terms Ecosystem
and Biogeocenosis; [Doklady Biological Sciences (2002, v.383, No.1-6; pp.141-143)].
scribd.com/doc/49065580;
12. New conceptualization of how all biodiversity of the aquatic organisms functions
together toward up-grading water quality; Ostroumov S.A. On the Biotic Self-purification of
Aquatic Ecosystems: Elements of the Theory; [Doklady Biological Sciences (v.396, No.1-6; pp.206-
211)]. http://www.scribd.com/doc/48099028/;
13. New approach and innovative methodology to experimentally analyze interactions of
organisms; Ostroumov S.A. Inhibitory Analysis of Regulatory Interactions in Trophic Webs. -
Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, v.377, No.1-6; pp.139-141. scribd.com/doc/49065567;
scribd.com/doc/49065567;.
14. Discovery of a new type of negative effects of chemical pollutants on aquatic
organisms and ecosystems; Ostroumov S.A. Effect of Amphiphilic Chemicals on Filter-Feeding
Marine Organisms; - [Doklady Biological Sciences; 2001, v.378, No.1-6; pp.248-250].
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065593; http://www.scribd.com/doc/59417067/;
15. A new fundamental concept and terminology in environmental science, in ecology:
Two-Level Synergism, Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects; Ostroumov S. A. The
Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects. - Doklady
Biological Sciences 2001, v.380, No.1-6; pp.499-501. http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065634/;

21

16. It is the first time that some negative effect of chemical pollutant (synthetic
surfactant) on feeding activity of rotifers was discovered; Ostroumov S.A., N. Walz; R. Rusche.
Effect of a Cationic Amphiphilic Compound on Rotifers - Doklady Biological Sciences, v.390, No.1-6;
pp.252-255;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52634169/
17. It is the first discovery of the new aspect of fundamental cause-effect link between the
conservation of biodiversity and protection of water quality. This paper is the first that stresses that
this is a two-way link;
Ostroumov S.A. Biodiversity Protection and Quality of Water: The Role of Feedbacks in
Ecosystems. - Doklady Biological Sciences, v.382, No.1-6; pp.18-21;
18. The first identification of a new type of negative effect of chemical pollutants;
Ostroumov S.A. A New Type of Effect of Potentially Hazardous Substances: Uncouplers of
PelagialBenthal Coupling. - Doklady Biological Sciences 2002. v.383, No.1-6; pp.127-130.
19. Modernization of the system of principles for conservation of biodiversity;
Formulation of a new relevant principle: conservation and protection of a key aspect of ecosystems
service in up-grading water quality; an innovative suggestion to establish a special type of protected
aquatoria to protect organisms that filter and purify water;
Ostroumov S.A. System of Principles for Conservation of the Biogeocenotic Function and the
Biodiversity of Filter-Feeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences 2002 (v.383, No.1-6; pp.147-150).
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911862; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065586;
20. Innovative analysis of the factors that create environmental balance as related to
plankton, which in turn is relevant to proper management of water resources, and water quality
sustainability;
Ostroumov S. A. Imbalance of Factors Providing Control of Unicellular Plankton Populations
Exposed to Anthropogenic Impact; - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, v.379, No.1-6; pp.341-343.
scribd.com/doc/49065596;
21. New fundamental concept: Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects;
Ostroumov S.A. Responses of Unio tumidus to Mixed Chemical Preparations and the Hazard of
Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects. - Doklady Biological Sciences, v.380, No.1-6;
pp.492-495; scribd.com/doc/49065621/;
22. A new contribution to the scientific basis of phytoremediation and phytotechnology
for water treatment;
Lazareva E. V.; Ostroumov S.A. Accelerated decrease in surfactant concentration in the water of a
microcosm in the presence of plants: Innovations for phytotechnology .- [Doklady Biological Sciences
(v.425, No.1; pp.180-182)]. http://www.scribd.com/doc/60795487/;
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in Rus.: www.scribd.com/doc/61655262/;
23. The first discovery of the negative effect of the synthetic chemical pollutant
(surfactant) on filter- feeding of zooplankton, and negative effects of the chemical of water filtering;
Vorozhun I. M., S. A. Ostroumov. On studying the hazards of pollution of the biosphere: effects of
sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on planktonic filter-feeders. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2009, Vol. 425,
pp. 133134.
ISSN 0012-4966. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45914806/;
scribd.com/doc/45914806; DOI: 10.1134/S0012496609020136;
http://www.springerlink.com/content/p7754h672w814m30/; Full text:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45914806;
24. It is the first paper in which a discovery of a new type of environmental hazards from
chemical pollutants was made: namely, the hazards of a decrease in vital function of healthy aquatic
ecosystems which maintain the proper level of cleanness (purity) of water, and improve water
quality;
Ostroumov S. A. Identification of a new type of ecological hazard of chemicals: inhibition of processes
of ecological remediation. - Doklady Biological Sciences. 2002. 385: 377-379. In Eng.; ISSN 0012-4966.
DOI 10.1023/A:1019929305267; http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/; Full text:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911150; http://b23.ru/n11a;
25. It is the first paper in which it was clearly proved that the synthetic chemical, when it
pollutes water, produces a dangerous effect on both marine mussels and phytoplankton: it decreases
water filtration rate by the mussels, and the normal control of abundance of phytoplankton by the
marine mussels, the control which is associated with the filtration of water.
Ostroumov S. A. An Amphiphilic Substance Inhibits the Mollusk Capacity to Filter out Phytoplankton
Cells from Water; - Biology Bulletin, 2001, v.28, No.1; pp.95-102.
http://b23.ru/nbkq; www.springerlink.com/index/l665628020163255.pdf; The effect of synthetic
anionic surface active substance (SAS) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, 4 mg/l) on the kinetics of water
filtration by mussel Mytilus edulis was studied. A suspension of algae Isochrysis galbana was added to
the vessel with the mussels, and their filtration activity was measured by counting the concentration
of the algae cells in the experimental vessels. Algae concentration was measured every 30 min for an
hour and a half. The inhibiting effect on the mollusk filtration rate (FR) was qualitatively described.
After the first 30 min filtration at 4 mg/l initial SDS concentration, the cell density was 322% of the
control. The inhibiting effect was observed later as well. Due to FR inhibition in the vessels with the
above specified initial SDS concentration, the algae cell density was 6.4 and 14.7 times that of the
control after 1 and 1.5 h, respectively. Thus, SAS SDS can decrease the natural capacity of aquatic
ecosystems for self-purification and disturb other aspects of ecosystem functioning through inhibiting
the filtration activity of mussels. The obtained data are discussed in the context of environment and
hydrosphere protection from pollution.
http://b23.ru/nbkq; www.springerlink.com/index/l665628020163255.pdf;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/63444377/ ;
23

26.
It is the first paper in which a new solution to the eternal and painful problem of missing and shortage
of proper objective criteria for identification of and assessing environmental hazards of chemical
pollutants;
Criteria of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects on the biota: searching for a system. - Dokl
Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2000; 371:2 04-206.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49088234; http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/;
27. It is the first paper in which a new aspect and facet of the essence and identity of
ecosystem was discovered and analyzed. In this paper, it was shown that ecosystem has attributes of
a bioreactor;
Ostroumov S. A. An aquatic ecosystem: a large-scale diversified bioreactor with a water self-
purification function. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2000. Vol. 374, P. 514-516.
scribd.com/doc/49065542; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49069997;
28. A more detailed analysis of the discovery and innovation that was made in the paper
above (An aquatic ecosystem: a large-scale diversified bioreactor with a water self-purification
function. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2000. 374: 514-516); a new aspect of the identity of ecosystem
was discovered and analyzed: the paper showed that ecosystem has attributes of a bioreactor;
Ostroumov S.A. Aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor: water purification and some other
functions. - Riv Biol. 2004, 97(1):67-78.
PMID: 15648211 [PubMed - indexed];
29. A first and unique paper which an international team of scientists of three countries
formulated a short list of research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the current
century;
Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S.I., Hamilton D., Peterson S.A., Wetzel R.G. Medium-term and long-term
priorities in ecological studies. - Riv Biol. [Rivista di Biologia] 2003, 96(2):327-32.
PMID: 14595906 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]; http://www.scribd.com/doc/48100827/3Rivista-
Bio-96-Priorities-2; http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RivistaBio96Priorities2.rtf ;
www.scribd.com/doc/57124875/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52655707/ ; PMID: 14595906
[PubMed];
30. A new set of criteria in order to answer the question was formulated in this paper: is a
given chemical substance hazardous to environment or not? Ostroumov S.A. Anthropogenic effects
on the biota: towards a new system of principles and criteria for analysis of ecological hazards.- Riv
Biol (Rivista di Biologia) 2003, 96(1):159-169. Review. http://www.scribd.com/doc/52636721/;
PMID: 12852181 [PubMed indexed; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52636721/3-System-of-
Criteria;
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31. More new data on how an anionic surfactant (detergent) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
decreases the removal of algal cells from aquatic medium by marine bivalve Mytilus edulis;
Ostroumov S.A. [An amphiphilic substance inhibits the mollusk capacity to filter phytoplankton cells
from water]. - Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol. 2001. (1):108-116. Russian. PMID: 11236572 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE]; http://www.scribd.com/doc/63444377;
32. It is the first paper in which a synthesis of both authors new experimental data and
international literature was made, which led to a new broad picture of the role of biological filtering
in self-purification and self-bioremediation of aquatic ecosystems;
Ostroumov S.A. Biological filtering and ecological machinery for self-purification and bioremediation
in aquatic ecosystems: towards a holistic view. - Riv Biol. 1998; 91(2):221-232.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/42830557; http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9750710;
PMID: 9857844; PubMed indexed;
33. It is the first article in which the new experimental data of the author were analyzed
to give new fresh insight into ecological mechanisms of eutrophication and abnormal increase in
phytoplankton. Also, new insight in how ecosystem runs water self-purification.
A fundamentally new approach and methodology to study top-down control in ecosystems: the first
introduction of what the author calls inhibitory analysis; the paper presented a new insight in
understanding that a decrease in activity of filter-feeders are part of the causes and mechanisms of
eutrophication and algal blooms. The paper shows how to identify and measure this new factor which
stimulates those negative phenomena;
More comment, and about citation of this paper: http://www.scribd.com/doc/61179989;
Ostroumov S.A. Inhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication,
algal blooms, and water self-purification. Hydrobiologia. 2002, vol. 469, p. 117-129;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52598579/; http://b23.ru/nwmb;
34. Innovative and multifaceted conceptualization of how almost all aquatic organisms
(biological community) work together toward making water clear and clean; Ostroumov S.A.
Polyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification: current
conceptualizations and concluding remarks. - Hydrobiologia. 2002. V. 469 (1-3): 203-204.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52627327/2H469p203-Polyfunctional-role-w-Addendum ;
www.scribd.com/doc/52627327/;
35. New facts on how detergents slow down the filtration of water by aquatic organisms
(bivalve mussels, oysters and others);
Ostroumov S.A. Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves //
Hydrobiologia. 2003. Vol. 500. P.341-344 [including effects of surfactants TDTMA and SDS on
Crassostrea gigas]. Extended abstract and some info on citation of this paper:
Full text: http://www.springerlink.com/content/k05884h730t228w4/;
25

scribd.com/doc/63898669/; www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9737871;
36. New facts on how all three main kinds of detergent chemicals slow down the filtration
of water by marine organisms (bivalve mussels of Atlantic Ocean);
Ostroumov S.A., Widdows J. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three classes. -
Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No.1. P. 381 386. http://www.scribd.com/doc/45958156/;
scribd.com/doc/59544597/;
37. Unique data and analysis. A first book on environmental hazards of detergents. The
book summarizes the authors 20 year long studies of new environmental hazards from synthetic
detergents, and innovative methods for and data on measuring environmental toxicity of chemicals,
especially surfactants and detergents; phytotoxicity and toxicity to invertebrates that are filter-
feeders, especially bivalve mollusks (molluscs).
Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London,
New York. 2006. 279 p. http://www.citeulike.org/user/ATP/article/9744280;
http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1527248.Biolo_Eff_of_Surf;
The book is available in libraries of Harvard, Oxford, Cambridge Universities, and MIT, as well as
Library of Congress. It is also available in other libraries of North America (libraries of the U.S.A.,and
Canada), Europe (national and university libraries of England, Germany; France; Switzerland;
Netherlands; Sweden; Norway; Finland; Denmark; Belgium, Italy; Spain and other countries), Asia
(Japan, China, Korea, and other countries), Australia, New Zealand; more detailed data on the
availability in the libraries see: http://www.scribd.com/doc/77617474/;
38. New terminology was introduced in the paper: ecological tax; ecological repair of
water quality;
Ostroumov S.A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia. 2005. Vol.
542, No. 1. P. 275 286. www.scribd.com/doc/44105992/; www.scribd.com/doc/44105992/;
39. A detailed well-structured presentation of the authors innovative and multifaceted
conceptualization of how almost all aquatic organisms work together toward making water clear and
clean;
Ostroumov S. A. On the Multifunctional Role of the Biota in the Self-Purification of Aquatic
Ecosystems. - Russian Journal of Ecology, 2005. Vol. 36, No. 6, P. 414-420.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45572968; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49131150;
www.scribd.com/doc/45572968; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49131150;
40. It is the first opinion paper which a multi-aspect innovative analysis of the ecological
role of organisms that filter water was given. It discovered a set of functions and mechanisms which
form and improve water quality.
Ostroumov S.A. Suspension-feeders as factors influencing water quality in aquatic ecosystems. In:
The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems, R.F. Dame, S. Olenin (Eds), Springer,
Dordrecht, 2004. pp. 147-164. http://b23.ru/3twe;
26

http://books.google.ru/books/about/The_comparative_roles_of_suspension_feed.html?id=A7k_xTx3
VFYC&redir_esc=y;http://www.springerlink.com/content/q871733861050601/;
41. A detailed well-structured presentation of the authors innovative and multifaceted
conceptualization of how almost all aquatic organisms work together toward making marine and
estuarine water clear and clean.
**
It is the first time, a new concept and the term biomachinery is formulated; in these publication, it is
the first timethat the new term 'biomachinery' was introduced; It is the first time that the new
concept and term biomachinery was applied to ecosystem. It is the first time that water self-
purification in aquatic ecosystems was considered as an example of functioning of biomachinery.
More comment: http://www.scribd.com/doc/61779321/;
**
Ostroumov S.A. Biomachinery for maintaining water quality and natural water self-purification in
marine and estuarine systems: elements of a qualitative theory // International Journal of Oceans
and Oceanography. 2006. Volume 1, No.1. p.111-118. [ISSN 0973-2667].
www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/100141.pdf;
42. Long-term studies of the biological effect of surfactants, including the effect
surfactants exert on filter feeders, are reviewed. The role of filter feeders in the functioning of
freshwater and marine ecosystems is analyzed. New aspects in the assessment of environmental
hazard due to the impact of chemical pollutants, including surfactants and detergents, are
established.
Ostroumov S.A. The effect of synthetic surfactants on the hydrobiological mechanisms of
water self-purification. - Water Resources. 2004. Volume 31, Number 5, p. 502-510.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/41169530/WR502; DOI 10.1023/B:WARE.0000041919.77628.8d. In
Russian: http://www.scribd.com/doc/57648905/4VodnResursy-R; DOI
10.1023/B:WARE.0000041919.77628.8d.
43. Generalizations presented in this paper represent, in systematized form, the basic
elements of the qualitative theory of water self-purification in freshwater and marine ecosystems.
Recommendations are given for maintaining water quality and sustainable development of water
resources. Results of experimental studies of the effect exerted by the surfactant Triton X-100 and the
OMO synthetic detergent on mollusks Unio tumidus.
Ostroumov S. A. On some issues of maintaining water quality and self-purification.- Water
Resources, 2005. Volume 32, Number 3, p. 305-313. ISSN 0097-8078 (Print) 1608-344X (Online).
http://www.scribd.com/doc/57511892/0305; DOI 10.1007/s11268-005-0039-7.
44. One of the authors of published reviews of the book called it Russian Silent Spring.
One of the first books that created the fundamentals of conservation biology. This work examines the
problems arising from the deterioration of the environment and covers the issues of conservation and
biodiversity protection at the molecular-genetic, the ontogenetic, the species-population and the
ecosystem levels. The book offers suggestions concerning changes in practice in agriculture, industry,
recreation etc. in all sectors of society life and functioning.
27

Yablokov A.V., S.A.Ostroumov. Conservation of Living Nature and Resources: Problems,
Trends, and Prospects. Berlin, New York et al. Springer. 1991. 272 p. Index of Authors: p. 249-251.
Subject Index: p. 253-271. ISBN 3-540-52096-1; ISBN 0-387-52096-1. On the book:
45. It is the first paper in which it was clearly shown that aquatic biota (the sum of
organisms) is the core part of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification in healthy aquatic
ecosystems. The important attributes of this core part of the mechanism are: 1) lability; 2)
vulnerability to anthropogenic impact.
Another draft of the comment:
The author formulated a new fundamental concept of the complex of organisms of aquatic
ecosystem. According to the concept, the biota is a central, labile and vulnerable (to pollutants) part
of the ecological mechanism of water self-purification and upgrade of water quality.
Key words: Geoscience, water quality, assessment of biological activity of surfactants, chemical
pollution, self-purification of water, aquatic organisms, contaminants, aquatic ecosystems;
The Concept of Aquatic Biota as a Labile and Vulnerable Component of the Water Self-
Purification System. - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, 2000, pp. 286289.
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs372p286biotalabil/;
Russian version: Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 372, No. 2, 2000, pp. 279282.
Fragment of the text: Self-purication of water is a complex process including physical, chemical, and
biological components [13]. The vulnerability of different components of the water self-purication
system to anthropogenic factors is as yet insufciently understood.The goal of this work was to
review the literature and our own unpublished experimental ndings concerning potential
vulnerability of the biotic component of the water self-purication system to chemical pollutants.
A new role of biota as a core, labile, vulnerable part of ecosystem and upgrade of water quality;
www.scribd.com/doc/49069991;
46. It is the first study in which it was shown that the vital function of aquatic organisms
(catalysis of matter transfer, and biogeochemical flows of chemical elements through the water
column in the normal ecosystem) is decreased by the chemical pollutant as represented by a synthetic
surfactant;
S. A. Ostroumov and M. P. Kolesnikov. Biocatalysis of Matter Transfer in a Microcosm Is
Inhibited by a Contaminant: Effects of a Surfactant on Limnea [Lymnaea] stagnalis. - Doklady
Biological Sciences, Vol. 373, 2000, pp. 397399. Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 373,
No. 2, 2000, pp. 278280. scribd.com/doc/49069985;
47. New fundamental concepts were formulated in the concept:
1) a two-level synergism;
2) synecological summation of man-made effects.
28

S.A. Ostroumov; The Hazard of a Two-Level Synergism of Synecological Summation of
Anthropogenic Effects // Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, vol.380, p.499-501;
(Rus. P. 847); two-level synergism;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065634/Danbio52-2001v380p847-E-2level-synergism;
48. The first data on discovery that chemical pollutants (detergents and surfactants)
decreased the filtration rate by the mass freshwater mollusks, freshwater mussels Unio tumidus. A
new type of complex anthropogenic effects on ecosystem was found which the author proposed to
name synecological summation.
S.A. Ostroumov. Responses of Unio tumidus to Mixed Chemical Preparations and the Hazard
of Synecological Summation of Anthropogenic Effects; // Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, vol. 380,
p. 492-495;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065621/; Danbio51.2001v380.E.U.tumidus;
49. The first measurements of the concentrations of the chemical elements (carbon,
nitrogen, P, Si, and Al) in the pellets (biodetritus) generated by mollusks. The first quantitative
assessment of the contribution of the pellets of aquatic mollusks to the biogeochemical flows of the
chemical elements C, N, P, Si, and Al.
S. A. Ostroumov, M. P. Kolesnikov. Pellets of some mollusks in the biogeochemical flows of C,
N, P, Si, and Al. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, v.379, p.378-381; see item 10;
scribd.com/doc/49065604; http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911730; http://b23.ru/ndgz;
50. The first data on the new negative effects of organic pollutants - detergents and
surfactants on functioning of marine bivalve mollusks. The first data on how the detergents and
surfactants slow down (inhibit) water filtration by those bivalve mollusks, mussels and oysters which
are of huge importance to aquaculture.
Ostroumov S. A. Effect of Amphiphilic Chemicals on Filter-Feeding Marine Organisms. -
Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, v.378, No.1-6; pp.248-250. scribd.com/doc/49065604;
http://www.scribd.com/doc/45911730; http://b23.ru/ndgz; http://www.scribd.com/doc/49065593;
MORE ABOUT THE PUBLICATIONS AND DISCOVERIES BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/80074854/All-About-Scientific-Results-and-Activities-of-Dr-Sergei-a-
Ostroumov;
http://b23.ru/k3th;
DISCOVERIES:
**EXAMPLES OF The key discoveries and innovations that were made by Dr. Sergei A. Ostroumov, and
the scientific questions that were answered in his publications: http://www.scribd.com/doc/61828106/;
**Discoveries (the data are presented as a table): scribd.com/doc/59437439
29

** list of sites in various languages; list of one-line titles of INNOVATIONS, DISCOVERIES, in ecology,
environmental sciences, biology. http://www.scribd.com/doc/83168032/

PUBLICATIONS:
**Annotated English bibliography: In the form of a list; Environmental Science, Ecology. Dr.
S.Ostroumov. with comments: http://www.scribd.com/doc/79546542;
** Key annotated bibliography on the most important issues of ecology, environment (the innovations
authored by Dr. S. Ostroumov) with short comments on what is new, in the form of a simple table,
which is easy to read and understand and use: http://www.scribd.com/doc/74026302;

THE SHORTLIST OF SOME MOST CITED PUBLICATIONS
by Dr. S.A. Ostroumov in English, available online (including the websites with the full texts)
relevant to filter-feeders and other organisms involved in water filtration, water self-purification,
improving water quality, and other fundamental and applied issues of ecology, environment and
biospheric sciences
including his publications in the leading journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences entitled Reports of
Academy of Sciences (Doklady Akademii nauk = Doklady Biological Sciences), and some other English
publications in 2000-2009:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/409_most_cited_publications_by_Dr_SA
_Ostroumov_in_English_available_online
1. book: Ostroumov S. A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca
Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. ISBN 0-8493-2526-9 [new facts and concepts on assessment of
hazards from chemicals, new look on the factors important to water quality, to sustainability; new
priorities in environmental safety]; the table of contents see at:
http://www.chipsbooks.com/biosurfc.htm;
2. Ostroumov S. A. The concept of aquatic biota as a labile and vulnerable component of the water
self-purification system - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 372, 2000, pp. 286289.
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs372p286biotalabil/;
3. Ostroumov S. A., Kolesnikov M. P. Biocatalysis of Matter Transfer in a Microcosm Is Inhibited by
a Contaminant: Effects of a Surfactant on Limnea stagnalis. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2000, 373:
397399. Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2000, Vol. 373, No. 2, pp. 278280.
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs373p397biocatallstag/
4. Ostroumov S. A. An aquatic ecosystem: a large-scale diversified bioreactor with a water self-
purification function. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2000. Vol. 374, P. 514-516.
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs374p514bioreactor/
30

5. Ostroumov S.A. Criteria of ecological hazards due to anthropogenic effects on the biota:
searching for a system. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2000; 371:204-206.
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/
6. Ostroumov S. A. An amphiphilic substance inhibits the mollusk capacity to filter out
phytoplankton cells from water. - Biology Bulletin, 2001, Volume 28, Number 1, p. 95-102. ISSN 1062-
3590 (Print) 1608-3059 (Online); DOI 10.1023/A:1026671024000;
http://www.springerlink.com/content/l665628020163255/;
7. Ostroumov S. A. Inhibitory Analysis of Regulatory Interactions in Trophic Webs. -Doklady
Biological Sciences, 2001, Vol. 377, pp. 139141. Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 2000, Vol.
375, No. 6, pp. 847849. [In the paper, the author developed a new approach to analyze the
fundamental ecological issue, the interactions between organisms in ecosystems. He suggested using
the methodology of inhibitory analysis to study interactions in trophic chains. Important situation is the
topdown control of plankton by benthic filter-feeders. This control, as authors experiments have
shown, might be removed by chemical inhibitors (the latter may enter the ecosystem as pollutants)].
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs377p139inhibitory/;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/299_Inhibitory_Analysis_A_new_method_for_analyzing_inter
actions_between_organisms_in_ecosystems;
8. Ostroumov SA. The synecological approach to the problem of eutrophication. - Dokl Biol Sci.
(Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 381:559-562.
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/Danbio6_2001v381n5.E.eutrophication.pdf
9. Ostroumov SA. The hazard of a two-level synergism of synecological summation of
anthropogenic effects. - Dokl Biol Sci. (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 380:499-501.
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p499synerg/
10. Ostroumov SA. Responses of Unio tumidus to mixed chemical preparations and the hazard of
synecological summation of anthropogenic effects. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001;
380: 492-495. http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p492unio/
11. Ostroumov SA, Kolesnikov MP. Pellets of some mollusks in the biogeochemical flows of C, N, P,
Si, and Al. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 379:378-381.
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs379p378pellets/
12. Ostroumov SA. Imbalance of factors providing control of unicellular plankton populations
exposed to anthropogenic impact. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 379:341-343.
http://sites.google.com/site/1dbs379p341imbalance/;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/321_Discovery_of_the_system_where_c
hemical_pollution_could_impair_the_regulation_and_balance_in_the_abundance_of_phytoplankton_t
hreat_to_ecological_stability_
13. Ostroumov SA. Effect of amphiphilic chemicals on filter-feeding marine organisms. - Dokl Biol
Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2001; 378:248-250. For the first time, oysters were used as the test-
organisms in bioassay of synthetic surfactants and detergents. The new data revealed a novel type of
hazard to mariculture. New negative effects of surfactants and chemical mixtures on water filtering
activity of Crassostrea gigas were discovered.
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs378p248effammaroyst/
31

14. Ostroumov SA. Biodiversity protection and quality of water: the role of feedbacks in ecosystems.
- Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 382:18-21;
http://sites.google.com/site/2dbs382p18biodivers/;
http://www.citeulike.org/pdf/user/ATP/article/6113559/ostroumov_02_biodiversity.pdf;
15. Ostroumov S.A. New definitions of the concepts and terms ecosystem and biogeocenosis. -
Doklady Biological Sciences 2002 (March), Volume 383, Numbers 1- 6, p. 141-143. Bibliogr. 15 refs.
[ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)].
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=997c8c86899d5a6e24531054ad1bcd1e;
16. Ostroumov SA. A new type of effect of potentially hazardous substances: uncouplers of pelagial-
benthal coupling. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:127-130.
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=d988acb599e121964c48114374a87e8d;
www.springerlink.com/index/28V23JBFADL1Y100.pdf; In the paper new facts are reported that shows
man-made hazards to 3 aspects of functioning of the biosphere and ecosystems: (1) formation of water
quality; (2) biogeochemical flows of C, N, P and other constituents of biomass; (3) formation of deposits
of organic matter as bottom sediments.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/358_Three_new_key_hazards_to_the_f
unctioning_of_the_biosphere;
17. Ostroumov S. A. Identification of a New Type of Ecological Hazard of Chemicals: Inhibition of
Processes of Ecological Remediation. - Doklady Biological Sciences, Vol. 385, 2002 (November), pp. 377
379. [Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 385, No. 4, 2002, pp. 571573].
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=8408a7cfaa984764b812ce79c77007f2;
18. Ostroumov SA. System of principles for conservation of the biogeocenotic function and the
biodiversity of filter-feeders. - Dokl Biol Sci (Doklady Biological Sciences). 2002; 383:147-150.
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=888352078b275ef40a430eb5b4d7714c;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/359_How_to_establish_a_new_type_of
_reserves_to_protect_aquatic_biodiversity_and_ecosystem_services;
19. Ostroumov S. A. Inhibitory analysis of top-down control: new keys to studying eutrophication,
algal blooms, and water self-purification // Hydrobiologia. 2002. vol. 469. P.117-129. A new approach to
prevent pollution, eutrophication, and algal blooms was identified and analyzed in this paper. The
approach is based on efficient use of the natural mechanisms of self-regulation of ecosystem DOI
10.1023/A:1015559123646; http://www.moipros.ru/files/author_4_article_9.doc;
www.springerlink.com/index/R9PTJEQ5FK8VLA6M.pdf;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/2Hydrobiologia469p117w%20Addendum.DOC;
20. Ostroumov S.A. Polyfunctional role of biodiversity in processes leading to water purification:
current conceptualizations and concluding remarks. - Hydrobiologia, 2002 (February), 469: 203-204. DOI
10.1007/s10750-004-1875-1;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/2H469p203.Polyfunctional.role.w.Addendum.rtf
21. Ostroumov S. A., Walz N., Rusche R. Effect of a cationic amphiphilic compound on rotifers. -
Doklady Biological Sciences. 2003 (May). Vol. 390. 252-255 [ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online)].
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=def6575c794b111fcc31275e853c2b15;
32

22. Ostroumov S.A. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: towards a new system of principles and
criteria for analysis of ecological hazards. - Rivista di Biologia/Biology Forum. 2003. 96: 159-170.
Review. PMID: 12852181 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-1/rivista2003criteria;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RB96p159Anth..Criteria.doc;
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12852181;
23. Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S., Hamilton D., Peterson S., Wetzel R.G. Medium-term and long-term
priorities in ecological studies // Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum. 2003 (May). 96: 327-332. Abstracts
in Eng. and Italian (p. 332). Bibliogr. 20 ref.
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RivistaBio96Priorities2.rtf;
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595906 ; PMID: 14595906 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Research
priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both
fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are
relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals
are being prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding.
24. Ostroumov S. A. On the biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: elements of the theory. -
Doklady Biological Sciences, 2004, Vol. 396, Numbers 1-6, p. 206-211.
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=60f338228d6f3c5114d223ab81e15d3b;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/348_Useful_theory_of_natural_mechani
sms_of_improving_water_quality;
25. Aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor: water purification and some other functions. Rivista di
Biologia / Biology Forum, 2004, 97: 39-50. Abstracts in Eng. and Italian. [A fundamental concept is
proposed of aquatic ecosystem as a bioreactor that carries out the function of water purification in
natural water bodies and streams. The ecosystem as a bioreactor has the following characteristic
attributes: (1) it is a large-scale (large-volume) bioreactor; (2) it is a diversified (in terms of the number
of taxa and the scope of functional activities) bioreactor; (3) it possesses a broad range of biocatalytic
(chemical-transforming and degrading) capabilities. New experimental data on xenobiotics - induced
inhibition of the water filtration performed by the molluscs Unio tumidus, U. pictorum, M.
galloprovincialis and inhibition of feeding by Limnaea stagnalis emphasized the potential ecological
hazard from sublethal concentrations of pollutants (including those exemplified by synthetic surfactants
and detergents). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15648211; PMID: 15648211 [PubMed - indexed
for MEDLINE];
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/4Rivista.Biologia97p39Aquatic..Bioreactor.RTF;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/407_New_concept_of_ecosystem;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/410_New_Concept_of_Ecosystem;
26. Ostroumov S. A. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia, 2005.
Vol. 542, No. 1. P. 275 286.
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/5Hydr542p275water.filt.doc
27. Ostroumov S. A., Widdows J. Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three
classes. // Hydrobiologia. 2006. Vol. 556, No. 1. Pages: 381 386. 3 Tables. Bibliogr. 37 refs. [For the first
time the negative effects of the three surfactants on the filtration rates by marine mussels were
presented in one paper. The xenobiotics tested represented anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants
(tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TDTMA, a representative of a class of cationic surfactants;
33

sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, a representative of anionic alkyl sulfates; and Triton X-100, a
representative of non-ionic hydroxyethylated alkyl phenols). Negative effects of SDS, TDTMA, and Triton
X-100 on the filtration activity of marine mussels M. edulis and M. edulis / M. galloprovincialis were
discovered. All three surfactants inhibited the clearance rates. This is the first publication of the negative
effects of a cationic surfactant on Atlantic mussels Mytilus. The significance of the results for the ecology
of marine ecosystems is discussed]. DOI 10.1007/s10750-005-1200-7;
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-1/hydrobiologia2006ostwidd;
http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/;
http://scipeople.ru/uploads/materials/4389/_Hydrobiologia2006%20vol%20556%20No.1%20pages381-
386.pdf; http://www.springerlink.com/content/7166067538534421/
28. Ostroumov S. A. Basics of the molecular-ecological mechanism of water quality formation and
water self-purification. - Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2008 (Feb), Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 147-152. [ISSN
1995-4255(Print) 1995-4263 (Online); DOI 10.1134/S1995425508010177;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=e533be77c87735c6dcc5cfdb9db96cec;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/CPEC2008BasicsMolEcol.Mech.WaterQuali(0147.pdf;
29. Ostroumov S. A. Biotic self-purification of aquatic ecosystems: from the theory to
ecotechnologies. - Ecologica, 2007. vol. 15 (50), p.15-23. (ISSN 0354-3285). Some basic elements of a
new theory for the biological mechanism for water self-purification are presented. Hydrobionts (aquatic
organisms) are actively involved in various processes leading to water purification. Not only
microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi), but also algae, plants, invertebrates, and other
groups of organisms are involved, which is discussed and analyzed in the paper. Results of the author's
experiments that study the effects of various pollutants on aquatic organisms (freshwater and marine
bivalves) are given. The theory is an innovative basis for developing ecological technologies to clean
water and to upgrade its quality by using organisms and ecosystems
[http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-32850750015O].
30. Ostroumov S.A., Shestakova T.V. Decreasing the measurable concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and
Pb in the water of the experimental systems containing Ceratophyllum demersum: The
phytoremediation potential // Doklady Biological Sciences 2009, Vol. 428, No. 1, p. 444-447.
http://sites.google.com/site/9dbs444/;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=8fd8998627b86102db72c9b237c25054;
31. Ostroumov S.A. Towards the general theory of ecosystem-depended control of water quality. -
Ecologica, 2009, vol. 16, No. 54, p. 25-32. (Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,
Moscow, 119991 Russia). Abstract: A new set of ecological generalizations formulated in this paper
represent, in a systematized form, the basic elements of the qualitative theory of biotic control of water
quality and water self-purication in freshwater and marine ecosystems. The theory contributes to a
better understanding of the issues of stability and regulation in the biosphere. The theory is supported
by the results of the authors experimental studies of the effects exerted by surfactants, detergents and
other pollutants on aquatic organisms. http://sites.google.com/site/9enecologica16p25theory/

SOME OF THE PUBLICATIONS ABOVE AND THE RESULTS IN THEM WON SOME AWARDS AND DIPLOMAS,
INCLUDING:
Algunas de las publicaciones y sus resultados que han Ganado premios y diplomas son:
34

Diploma at the 1st International Forum on Conservancy of Nature (Moscow, 7-9th September 2005),
signed by Co-Chairs of the Forum, Deputy Minister of Natural Resources of Russian Federation and Vice-
President of the Trade Chamber of Russian Federation).
Diploma of the journal 'Ecology and Life' (awarded 15 October 2005).
Diploma of the competition 'Sustainable use of natural resources and environmental protection
stratery of sustainable development of Russia in the 21st century' at the international conference
'Sustainable Development: Nature-Society-Man' (organized in 2006, Moscow, by the Ministry of Natural
Resources) for the paper by Ostroumov S.A. and Solomonova E.A. "On studies of water self-purification
and interactions between pollutants (surfactants) and biota: searching approaches to issues relevant to
sustainable use of water resources " (Directive of the Ministry of Natural Resources No.126 of 02 June
2006; the Diploma was signed by the Minister).
Diploma to the book 'Biotic Mechanism of Self-purification of Freshwater and Marine Water' by Dr. S. A.
Ostroumov, awarded at the 7th International Conference Aquatic Ecosystems, Organisms, Innovations
(2005). Diploma of the Academy of Aquatic Sciences for the series of innovative publications on aquatic
ecology, interactions between chemicals and organisms, and water self-purification, including the books
'Biological Effects of Surfactants in Connection with the Anthropogenic Impact on the Biosphere';
'Biological Effects of Surfactants on Organisms'; 'Biotic Mechanism of Self-Purification of Freshwater and
Marine Water'; 'Pollution, Self-Purification and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems'; 'Biological Effects of
Surfactants', (awarded in 2006).
Diploma of the Academy of Aquatic Sciences 'for his innovative contribution to improvement of
environmental and ecological education', including the book 'Ecology and Hydrobiology. Curricula of
Lecture Courses' (awarded in 2006).
Diploma of the Moscow Society of the Researchers of Nature (awarded in 2007).

FULL TEXTS OF SOME OF THE PUBLICATIONS, and SHORT CONTENTS see at:
Ver texto completo de algunas de las publicaciones y contenidos cortos en:
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/299_Inhibitory_Analysis_A_new_method_for_analyzing_inter
actions_between_organisms_in_ecosystems;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/347_Biodiversity_and_stability_of_ecos
ystems;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/276_New_threat_to_water_quality_discovery_of_the_new_i
mportant_type_of_hazards_from_pollution_Synecological_summation_of_effects_on_different_trophic
_levels;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/255_Criteria_of_ecological_hazards_due_to_anthropogenic_e
ffects_on_the_biota_Searching_for_a_system;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/262__The_Concept_of_Aquatic_Biota_as_a_Labile_and_Vuln
erable_Component_of_the_Water_SelfPurification_System;
35

http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/241_innovative_concept_of_ecosystem_as_a_multifunctional
_bioreactor_one_of_its_functions_is_upgrading_water_quality_ecosystem_service;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/180_A_new_type_of_effect_of_potentially_hazardous_substa
nces
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/369_Vulnerability_of_Major_Plankton_Groups_Rotifers;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile.ProfileBlogEntry.html?dbw=true&blogId=373;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/388_new_keys_to_prevent_pollution_e
utrophication_algal_blooms;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/379_Underwater_Secrets_of_Global_Change;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/407_New_concept_of_ecosystem
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/410_New_Concept_of_Ecosystem;
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/410_A_New_Concept_For_Ecosystems;

http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs371p204criteria/
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs373p397biocatallstag/
http://sites.google.com/site/2000dbs374p514bioreactor/
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs379p378pellets/
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs377p139inhibitory/
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs378p248effammaroyst/
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p499synerg/
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs380p492unio/
http://sites.google.com/site/2dbs382p18biodivers/;
http://sites.google.com/site/bioeffectsofsurfactants/
http://sites.google.com/site/surfactantinhibitfilterfeed02/
http://sites.google.com/site/3surfactantsfiltrationmytilus/
http://sites.google.com/site/9dbs444/;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=8fd8998627b86102db72c9b237c25054;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/Danbio6_2001v381n5.E.eutrophication.pdf;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=d988acb599e121964c48114374a87e8d;
36

https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=888352078b275ef40a430eb5b4d7714c;
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/359_How_to_establish_a_new_type_of
_reserves_to_protect_aquatic_biodiversity_and_ecosystem_services;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=997c8c86899d5a6e24531054ad1bcd1e;
https://www.researchgate.net/file.FileLoader.html?key=e533be77c87735c6dcc5cfdb9db96cec;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/CPEC2008BasicsMolEcol.Mech.WaterQuali(0147.pdf;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/5Hydr542p275water.filt.doc;
http://www.moipros.ru/files/author_4_article_9.doc;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/2Hydrobiologia469p117w%20Addendum.DOC;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/4Rivista.Biologia97p39Aquatic..Bioreactor.RTF;
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RivistaBio96Priorities2.rtf;

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES OF RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS see:
Para referencias adicionales de publicaciones relevantes ver:
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/
http://sites.google.com/site/bioticupgradewaterquality2008/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsa/
http://sites.google.com/site/biochemicalecology/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsineng/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsapublicationsruen/
http://sites.google.com/site/ostroumovsergei/publications-that-cited-saostroumov
http://sites.google.com/site/biosphereostroumov/home
http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/home
http://sites.google.com/site/ecologytobemostcitedtomorrow/list-of-publications-by-sa-ostroumov
http://scipeople.ru/users/2943391/
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei_Ostroumov/blog/321_Discovery_of_the_system_where_c
hemical_pollution_could_impair_the_regulation_and_balance_in_the_abundance_of_phytoplankton_t
hreat_to_ecological_stability_ ;

Positive evaluations of some of the results published by S.A.Ostroumov see in:
37

Las evaluaciones positivas de algunos de los resultados publicados por S.A. Ostroumov en:
Petrosyan V.S. Review of the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. -
Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2007. vol. 12, p. 117-119 (in English);
Review of the book: Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca
Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. Bulletin Samarskaya Luka. - 2007. - V. 16, 4(22). - P. 864-
867. Bibliogr. 10 refs. http://www.ssc.smr.ru/media/journals/samluka/2007/16_4_22.pdf;
Review of the book: Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca Raton, London,
New York. 2006. 279 p. // Problems of Biogeochemistry and Geochemical Ecology. 2007. 2 (4).
p.108;
Review of the book: S.A.Ostroumov. Biological Effects of Surfactants (2006). - Ecologica, 2008. v.15, No.
51, p. 71-72. (ISSN 0354-3285; in English);
Review of the book: Ostroumov S.A. Biological Effects of Surfactants. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis. Boca
Raton, London, New York. 2006. 279 p. Toxicological Review [Toksikologicheskij Vestnik], 2009, No. 2,
p. 40;

POSITIVE COMMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS see:
COMENTARIOS POSITIVOS DE EXPERTOS INTERNACIONALES ver:
http://blog.researchgate.net/masterblog/347_Biodiversity_and_stability_of_ecosystems;
https://www.researchgate.net/group/Water_quality_Water_self-
purification_role_of_biota/board/thread/4400_A_new_way_of_eutrophication_control?viewLast=true;
https://www.researchgate.net/group/Water_quality_Water_self-
purification_role_of_biota/board/thread/4412_want_to_be_part_of_you?viewLast=true;
https://www.researchgate.net/group/Science_Communication/board/thread/4494_New_data_help_sa
ve_energy_and_effort_in_water_trea?c=16875#c16875;
https://www.researchgate.net/group/Environmental_researches_malacology/board/thread/2179_Sew
age_outfalls_into_water_courses?viewLast=true;

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