Modifications and Adaptations Book Essay

The Civilization of
Mountania
The answer to what makes a successful
civilization
Belle Johnston
Johnston, Isabella Thursday, June 5, 2014 11:20:51 AM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:a9:79:e1
SECTION 1
The towering rocky mountains that surround the
Mountainian tribe are as tall as the sky. The massive
mountains hover over the at land. The cold crisp air
at the top of the mountain freezes the Mountainians
skin. The blanket of snow covers the top of the moun-
tain causing blistering winds. As the Mountainians
hike down the steep, rocky, hill, they come to the mid-
dle of the mountains. The middle of the mountain has
towering trees. The trees were swaying in the wind,
the aroma of the pinecones hover over the Mountain-
ians nose as they walk through the wind, and the
sound of birds chirping in the their ear. Now, as the
Introduction
1
Mountainians walk farther down the mountain, they
get to the bottom of the mountain, as the icy cold snow
covers their ankles. Less winds hit their face as you are
surrounded by more and more trees. Small animals
frolic around the the empty area, looking for dinner.
Now where the Mountainians live in the open dry
grass area. A dead yellow color grass prickles against
their ankles. The clear stream ows as the smell of sh
approaches their noses. The environment that they live
in is a great place, the Mountainians are happy here.
It is in this favorable geographic environment that
the civilization of the Mountainians will be founded. It
is a civilization whose design takes its inspiration from
the study of past civilizations such as the Arabs, the Az-
tecs, the Greeks, the Mayans, the Mesopotamians, and
the Romans, among others. This book will document
the necessary steps to take in order to create a success-
ful civilization.
2
People are children of their environment
- Shinichi Suzuki
CHAPTER 1
3
Modifications
SECTION 1
Part 1- Analysis of the Problem
The rst step in building a successful civilization is
to secure basic human needs such as food and water.
Due to its geography, the major challenges the civiliza-
tion of Mountainian faces in achieving a basic food and
water supply include the following:
The Mountainians live in a isolated place and
there isnt much water options. There is a tiny stream,
but that water has barley any water, and that water
Human Changes to the Land
4
could be dirty. By solving this problem, the Mountain-
ians built irrigation systems, just like the Arabs did,
Farmers also constructed dams and irrigation sys-
tems (Frey 80) Now that the Mountainians built irriga-
tion systems, they will now have water to drink from
without getting sick.
Food is very scarce for the Mountanians. The
problem with getting food is that there are very little
animals on the at land and most of the animals live on
top of the mountains which is 1,000-12,000 feet tall and
very rocky which is hard for the Mountanians to climb.
Instead, the Mountainians built at areas to have more
room for farming, the Arabs also did this, These peo-
ple farmed on the steep slopes by creating steplike ter-
races, or at areas The Mountainians now have more
room for farming for their food.
Part 2- Proposed Solutions
Adaptations are things that adapt to their culture
or new environment. Modications are how humans
change the environment to the way they live. They are
important for a civilization because if you never
adapted to the new environment it would be hard do-
ing everything. If you modied your environment also
its important because you need to build things that you
know how to do from your old environment to a new
environment.
An adaptation for the Mountainians tribe would
go shing from the river, and set traps to catch animals.
A modication that their tribe would use from the
5
Crops
Aqueducts
Mesopotamians are, So Sumerian farmers began to
create a irrigation systems to provide water for their
elds. They (Mesopotamians) built earth walls, called
levees, along the sides of the river to prevent ooding
(Frey 36), Aztecs: The city boasted other technological
marvels, like the aqueduct that carried fresh water for
irrigation. (Frey 275). In the mountainous high-
lands, they (Mayans) built terraces, earth steps, into the
hills to create more at land for farming. (Frey 268)
The Mountainians built earth steps for more space to
farm just like the Mayans did. These are some modica-
tions that the Mountainians did to their civilization.

The Mountainians modications/adaptations that
we used are just like the Aztecs and Mesopotamians.
The Mesopotamians and the Aztecs built levees and aq-
ueducts, so water didnt ood their civilizations, the
Mountainians did this also. The Farmers also con-
structed dams and irrigation systems (Frey 80) Moun-
6
This is the civilization the Mountainians live in
le:///Users/isjohnston/Desktop/farmterrace.jpg
tainians also built earth steps for at land to farm, just
like the Mayans did. What the Mountainians civiliza-
tion did that was different was their civilization would
go shing in the water to catch food, and also to set
traps on the mountains to catch out meat food.
It is in this favorable geographic environment that the
civilization of the Mountainians will be founded. It is a
civilization whose design takes its inspiration from the
study of past civilizations such as the Arabs, the Aztecs,
the Greeks, the Mayans, the Mesopotamians, and the
Romans, among others. This book will document the
necessary steps to take in order to create a successful
civilization.
7
The peoples good is the highest law.
-Cicero
CHAPTER 2
8
Law and Government
http://www.teichertlaw.com/p/practice-areas.html
SECTION 1
Government Learning from the Past
Lesson #1
One of the lessons that could be learned from the an-
cient Greek city states in writing down laws in public.
The patricians and the plebeians two groups of people
that lived in ancient Rome between 616 and 509 B.C.E.
The patricians were the wealthy landowners, and the
plebeians were the lower class citizens. In the govern-
ment in Rome, it made up of mostly Patricians. For ex-
ample, when the Patricians made sure they could only
be apart of the government. As stated by Frey, Be-
Maintaining Civil Order
9
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_law
cause laws were not written down, the patricians often
changed or interpreted the laws to benet
themselves.(318) Cause of this the Plebeians marched
out and camped out on a nearby hill. This is an example
of the most important lesson that can be learned in or-
der to create a successful civilization. In the civilization
of the Mountainian the citizens would write down their
laws for the public to view. If this was done in the civili-
zation of Mountainian, then the people of the govern-
ment would not be able to change or modify the laws to
t their needs or wants. If the people of Mountainian
wrote down the laws, it would create equality between
the higher-class citizens and the lower class citizens.
Lesson #2
Another lesson that could be learned is political equal-
ity. In the civilization of Mountainian, the citizens
would have political equality by letting woman vote,
and be in the government. If the civilization of Moun-
tainian did this, woman could be part of the govern-
ment and vote. As stated in Frey, Only men were con-
sidered citizens in Athens. Women and slaves were
not.(264) This is important because if the woman and
slaves had no political equality they could rebel and
overpower their government. If the people of Mountain-
ian had political equality, it would prevent woman and
slaves overpowering the Mountainian government.
Lesson #3
The nal lesson that should be learned to create a suc-
cessful civilization is how many people should be in a
government. In the civilization of Mountainian, there
would be 300 people in a government. The Mountain-
ian chose 300 people because having 500 people in a
government like Athens, it would be too many people,
and they would all just ght over the laws that were
suggested. But having 300 people in a government
10
http://comminfo.rutgers.edu/~dalbello/FLVA/voices/839/voices/willar
d/image.html
would be good because its not too many people. The
patricians had a senate. A senate was a group of 300
men that the Roman republic elected. As stated in Frey,
The Senate was a group of 300 men that the patricians
elected (for the government).(318) This is good
amount of people for a successful civilization because
300 people are right in the middle, not too many peo-
ple, and not that small of a group. By creating 300 peo-
ple in the Mountainian civilization, those people would
have fresh new ideas. By having 300 people in a govern-
ment, the Mountainians will develop to become a suc-
cessful civilization.
The laws determined in the civilization of Mountainian
have horrendous obstacles with justice, equality, family,
health, and safety. The laws that the government of
Mountainian made had a lot of importance to them.
Laws were very important in the civilization of Moun-
tainian because if there were no laws then the people
would start to create chaos. When having laws, it
keeps your civilization thriving. Through time, the
laws would change. The laws would change because
people live differently from everyone else. If the civili-
zation of Mountainian didnt have laws about Prop-
erty, Justice, and Equality, the civilization would be a
crazy civilization. These laws were very important to
the civilization of Mountainian because if their civiliza-
tion didnt have those laws, their civilization would be
11
http://www.mrdowling.com/702-government.html
gone because all civilizations need those laws to create
a successful civilization. As stated in Hammurabi, If
anyone is committing a robbery and is caught, then he
shall be put to death. This law is good because the
man went onto another mans property and he
shouldnt. These laws are very important to the civiliza-
tion of Mountainian.
1. Property
2. Justice
3. Equality/Relationships
4. Family
5. Health and Safety
12
If a man steals something from someones property,
he shall be put in jail for 2 years
This is a good law because if a man steals something
from another mans property, the man who stole
something, has to be punished
If a man got accused of a crime and didnt show up
to court, the man will be taken to court by force
This is a good law because if a man did a crime and
didnt show up because he knew he did something
wrong, the court will have to bring him by force and
not let the man go free
If a man lets a slave go free, but it wasnt his slave,
the man will be wrapped up in a sack and thrown
into the water
This is a good law because for the civilization of Moun-
tainian, our government doesnt want men to free a
slave that is not his
If a son tells his father what to do, the son will have
his tongue cut off
13
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi
This is a good law because in the civilization of Moun-
tainian needs a stable government and we dont need
young kids to tell their fathers what to do
If a person in the civilization of Mountainian, rapes
someone, they will be thrown out of our civilization
with one eye stabbed out and their eyebrows shaved off
This is a good law because it someone rapes someone,
they cant have them stay in the civilization and they
might do it again and thats a crime
In the civilization of Mountainian, the government
chose important laws to create a successful civilization.
Having laws about property, equality, and family, are
very important to keep the civilization of Mountainian
thriving. The civilization chose laws just like Hammu-
rabi. The laws the civilization of Mountainian chose
were very hash. If someone steals something from some-
one elses property, they will be sent to jail for 2 years.
Hammurabis code and the codes the Mountainian
chose were very similar. For example as stated in Ham-
murabis code, If any one is committing a robbery and
is caught, then he shall be put to death. This law and
the Mountainian law is very similar, but not death pen-
altys. When Hammurabi had laws about equality, they
were just like the Mountainian law about equality. As
stated in Hammurabi, If a man knock out the teeth of
14
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=julius%20caesar
his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. All of the
laws the Mountainian made, they were almost the same
as Hammurabis code.Political Leadership
Julius Caesar was a very intelligent man who knew
how to keep his civilization happy. In order to keep a
successful civilization, Julius Caesar did everything he
could to keep his citizens happy. Julius Caesar gave
many options for the poor and peasants to prevent re-
bellions from the citizens. Before this, Julius Caesar
ruled the Roman Republic in 44 B.C.E. He was one of
the most famous military leaders. But after becoming a
king, Julius Caesar did many things for his citizens
happy. One of the most successful things Julius Caesar
had done is he gave land to the peasants and soldiers
who fought with Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar did this be-
cause he wanted to give back, for what the people had
done for him. As stated in Julius Caesars Rule as Dic-
tator, He also established Roman colonies by giving
land to the landless peasants and soldiers who had
fought for him. By doing this, all the people in Rome
started to fond of Julius Caesar. He became a very pow-
erful leader of Rome. Julius Caesar has done many
more things to make his civilization happy. This solved
the problem of slaves and peasants rebelling for not hav-
ing any land. This is one of the most of the most success-
ful things Julius Caesar has done.
The civilization of Mountainian has learned from the
mistakes Augustus made in his civilization. When
Augustus ruled Rome in 54 B.C.E, he made decisions
that were unfair. Augustus made women who weren't
married and had no kids pay a special tax. The citizens
in Rome felt like this was a very unpopular law, and got
very mad. The citizens in Rome felt like this was a very
unpopular law because women who dont have chil-
15
http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/house_sources.html
dren, and werent married shouldnt be paying taxes
that had to do with their personal life. Every citizen in
Rome should have a private life the government
shouldnt be apart of. As stated in Political Leadership
of Augustus, Unmarried childless women had to pay
a special tax on any property owned. In the civiliza-
tion of Mountainian, they have leaned from August's
government taxes towards unmarried and childless
women. The government of Mountainian never gets
into anyones personal life's. The civilization of Moun-
tainian is going to let unmarried women and childless
women own any property without paying a special tax.
The government thought that this was an unfair law
Augustus made because if women couldnt have chil-
dren or have not had the chance to meet anyone they
love they should not be punished. This is what the civili-
zation of Mountainian has learned from Augusts mis-
takes.
Decline of the Western Roman Empire
16
Government Building
Laws
There were many unsuccessful problems in Rome, but
one of the main reasons there was a Decline in Western
Rome was Political Corruption. In Rome, Political Cor-
ruption was a huge problem because when choosing an
emperor the citizens would bid on who is the emperor.
This was horrible idea for many reasons. One of the rea-
sons this was not good because when the citizens chose
an emperor, the emperor was either dishonest or was as-
sassinated. Another reason why this was horrible be-
cause the leader has to know to take care of the citizens
of their civilization. As stated in the Decline of the West-
ern Roman Empire, During the next 100 years, Rome
had 37 different emperors and 25 of whom were re-
moved from ofce by assassination. This quote demon-
strates that Romes empires were never responsible or
eligible enough to take care of their own civilization. If
Romes empires couldnt run their own civilization,
then their civilization will not be successful. This is why
Political Corruption was a decline in Rome.
In the civilization of Mountainian, there are many ways
to prevent Political Corruption. Political Corruption
was a huge problem in Rome, but not in the civilization
of Mountainian. In the civilization of Mountainian,
their government has decided that there isnt just one
leader in their civilization; a group of people would de-
cide their laws. By doing this the citizens of Mountain-
ian, wont assassinate the group because everyone gets
to decide or have opinions about the laws. As stated in
the Decline of the Western Roman Empire, During the
next 100 years, Rome had 37 different emperors and 25
of whom were removed from ofce by assassination.
This quote states what the Romans did. But the Moun-
tainians xed that problem by making a small group of
people decide laws, so the citizens wont want to assas-
sinate the one ruler. This is what the civilization of
Mountainian did to prevent Political Corruption.
17
As a (person) believes, so will the person act.
-Sam Harris
CHAPTER 3
18
Belief Systems
http://ahmedbilal.com/perfect-belief-system/
SECTION 1
A Belief System is very important for a
civilization to become successful because it helps people to learn
to love another, and care for each other. Having a belief system
helps the people help one another. Belief systems such as Hindu-
ism, Buddhisms, and Confucianism teaches the people that life
isnt just about them, but its about helping one another. If no one
helped each other, any civilization would fall apart with rivals.
Caring for one another and loving each other is
key for a successful civilization.
To better understand the role of belief system within a civilization
and how they can inuence the actions and decisions of a people,
consider the following moral dilemma:
Life Saving Medicine
Impact of Belief Systems
19
http://mms.new-paradigm.net/description/know-thy
self-program
In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer.
There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It
was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had re-
cently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the drug-
gist was charging ten times what the drug originally cost him to
produce. He paid $400 for the radium and charged $4,000 for a
small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to
everyone he knew to borrow the money and tried every legal
means, but he could only get together about $2,000, which is half
of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying, and
asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist
said, "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money
from it." So, having tried every legal means, Heinz gets desperate
and considers breaking into the man's store to steal the drug for his
wife!
In a situation of life or death, the Hindus would let Heinz break in
and steal the medicine. Even though the Hindus were good peo-
ple and didnt
do bad things
to get bad
karma, the
Hindus
thought each
other to care for
one another.
The Hindus
helped one an-
other, but in a
situation of life
or death, the
Hindus loved one another, and saving his life meant everything to
the Hindus to save his wifes life. Hindus believe that violence
isnt the answer, but saving a womens life was the right answer. A
stated in Frey, For example, Hinduism values marriage, sharing
food with others, and caring for ones soul (148). Hindus value
life, and if Heinz broke into the pharmacy, he would save his
wifes life. A belief system helps each other care for one another,
meaning if the Hindus care for one another, the Hindus would let
Heinz break in to help his dying wife. Each citizen cares and loves
each citizen no matter who they are. In conclusion, breaking in and
stealing the medicine would be the right thing to do to save
Heinzs wife.
If a Confucian were to make the decision to let Heinz brake in,
Heinz would have to let his wife pass away. The Confucians taught
each other to be honest and trustworthy. Each Confucian sets good
examples to everyone around them, and if they let Heinz break in
and steal medication, it would be setting bad examples for
younger kids. Heinz would sadly have to let his wife pass away be-
cause Heinz would set a bad example if he broke in. As stated in
Frey, In return, those with authority such as rulers, fathers, hus-
bands, and older siblings must set good examples. Even though
each citizen should care for each other, setting a bad example for
younger citizens would be bad. Every citizen should set good ex-
amples and love one another. In conclusion, Heinz did the right
thing of not breaking in to set a good example for others around
him.
In all civilizations, people learn to love, and care for one another.
Belief systems such as Hinduism and Confucianism, taught one an-
other how to care and love each other. As in Confucianism, they
20
=http://www.reachtheworldnext
door.com/hindus.html
These are Hindus
taught each other to be honest and trustworthy, such as Confucian-
ism, they taught each other to care for one another. Having a belief
system is very important so that the civilization doesnt go down
because there were rivals. Both Hinduism and Confucianism both
taught their citizens taught each other to care and love for each
other. This makes all the citizens come together and come together
as a civilization. If you are a Confucianist or Hindu, a belief system
helps the people learn to love and care for one another.
Belief System of Mountania
One of the many characteristics the citizens of Mountania should
have is being loyal to one another. By being loyal to one another,
the citizens of Mountania will practice by being Leel. Leel stands
for being loyal to everyone. Leel can be practiced by spending time
with your family three times a week, by doing the dishes, and help-
ing out around the house. For example, when a Mountanian is
helping around the house, he/she is thinking of the great things
he/she is doing. Leel requires all Mountanians to not just think
about themselves, but to think of others to please God. To please
god there is a teaching similar to the 10 commandments. Frey
states that 10 commandments Honor your mother and
father.(107) The 10 commandments are Judaisms teachings when
Moses was in the wilderness for 40 years, and God gave Moses the
laws on Mount Sinai. When God gave Moses these laws, Moses
climbed Mount Sinai to pray. When Moses returned, he was carry-
ing two stone tablets of stone that had the 10 commandments on
them. The goal for the 10 commandments is to honor your mother
and father, is just like what Mountanians are doing with Leel.
When respecting everyone around you, and especially your
mother and father, Mountanians will be prepared to be loyal to eve-
ryone to anyone that comes their way, even strangers. To make a
successful civilization everyone has to be loyal to one another, to
cause fewer arguments towards each other.
Another characteristic a Mountainian should have is being honest.
By being honest, Mountanians will practice being honest by Hob.
Hob means to be honest towards one another. By practicing Hob,
there will be an honest test in every school, each student will go
into a honest box where they will answer questions, if you lie in
the liar box a alarm will go off. If a student lies, that student will
have to climb the liar Mountainian, and will jump off the cliff to
their death. For example, when a Mountainian is in the honest box,
21
http://buddhistblog.wordpress.com
These are the eight rules of the Eightfold Path
he/she is thinking of being honest for good karma in their second
life. Hob requires all citizens to be honest so that every citizen is en-
couraged to get good karma for their second life. To get good
karma for their sec-
ond life, there is a
teaching of Bud-
dhism, Eightfold
Path. The Eightfold
Path is a teaching of
Buddhism. The Bud-
dha taught all peo-
ple to go down the
path of the Eightfold
Path. Frey states
that Eightfold Path,
right actions for
good karma.(159)
As the goal for the
Eightfold path is
good actions for
good karma, it is
just like the teaching
of Hob. When every
citizen is honest to-
wards everyone, eve-
ryone will aim for
the goal of good
karma in his or her
second life. To make
a successful civiliza-
tion, every citizen should be honest to everyone, to get good karma
in his or her second life.When being a part of the civilization of
Mountania, one important characteristic is setting good examples
towards everyone. When setting good examples, the citizens will
practice setting good examples by Kaki. Kak means to set good ex-
amples towards one another. By practicing Kak, every citizen will
do things that help out the community, like helping the homeless
and helping the elderly. For example, when a citizen is setting a
good example, he/she is thinking of inuencing other citizens
22
http://jacksonbbrown.com/ss/2012/09/06/1-8-i
nuence-of-the-roman-catholic-church-on-medi
eval-europe/
This is the Medival Catholic Church in Europe
The Cross
Water
This is the water the
citizens of Mountania
will get baptized in
This is a image from my mineraft civilization that represents
where the citizens of Mountania will get baptized.
around them. Kak requires all citizens to set good examples for
younger and older citizens. To encourage other citizens by setting
good examples, there is a teaching of Confucianism. Confucianism
teaches all citizens to set good examples, just like the teaching of
Kak. As stated in Frey, .set good examples towards each other.
When everyone sets good examples, every citizen will be inu-
enced to set good examples. In order to create a successful civiliza-
http://www.art-prints-on-demand.com/a/de-zurbaran-y-salazar-fra/popeu
rbaniizurbarn163-35-.html
This is a photo of Pope Urban the 11, who was the Pope of the world.
23
The Chairs
The Stage
The Cross
This is an image from my minecraft civilization of a important
part of my church
tion, every citizen should set good examples.
Role of the Catholic Church and its Belief System in Medieval
Europe
The Roman Catholic Church in Medieval Europe grew in both
economic and political power after the collapse of the Western Ro-
man Empire in 476 C.E. The Catholic Church grew in many ways
of economic and political power after the collapse of the Roman
Empire in 476 C.E. In 1050 C.E, the Catholic Church achieved great
economic power. People in Europe had to pay a tax called a tithe,
and each person had to give one tenth of their money to help the
church. As stated in Frey, Each person was expected to give one
tenth of his money, produce, or labor to help support the
church(33). If each person gave one tenth of their money to sup-
port the church, this would benet the church in many ways. The
church could use that money to expand their land. If the church ex-
panded their land, the people could build a place where the people
could get baptized. This is how the church grew economically after
the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
The Church also came into great political power in 1050 C.E. The
only language that was common in Europe, and that was the lan-
guage of the church was Latin. Most people couldnt speak Latin,
usually Church Ofcials did. As stated in Frey, Church Ofcials
were often the only people who could read. As a result, they kept
records for monarchs and became trusted advisors(33). Sense only
a few people could speak Latin, the trusted advisors could keep
the history, but have new ideas, sense the Church ofcials were the
trusted advisors.
The Roman Catholic Church during the middle ages inuenced
peoples thoughts and deeds by salvation. Salvation is the gateway
to heaven and eternal life, If the people followed the churchs teach-
ings, and live a moral life. By gaining Salvation, the people had to
receive the seven sacraments. As stated in Pope Urban 11, all
who died by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle
against the pagans, shall have immediate assistance. This I grant
them through the power of God which I am invested. Pope Urban
II taught that by ghting for your country, or doing something
good for your civilization, they will gain power to go to heaven.
Each person in a civilization wanted to gain the path to heaven,
and if the citizen didnt gain the path they would go to hell. The
church brought together the people and taught the people that go-
ing to heaven was the right thing. In conclusion the Roman Catho-
lic Church inuenced peoples thoughts and deeds by salvation.
Belief System of Mountania
24
A [person] may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on.
- John F. Kennedy
CHAPTER 4
25
Ideas
http://www.smallbiztechnology.com/archive/2012/07/new-business-idea-15-inexpensive-ways-to-test-its-potential-success.html/
SECTION 1
During the 1300s, the citizens thought that the church was becoming
corrupt. During the Middle Ages, the church was being more devoted
to money than morals and values. The church thought that by gaining
for wealth, the church would have to give them something in return
besides religious faith. Church ofcials were trying to get money to
support the church. One way the church was trying to get money was
indulgences. As stated in Frey, People who received indulgences did
not have to preform good deeds, to make up for their sins(348). Indul-
gences are buying your way into heaven, and not living by the seven
sacraments. If people paid for indulgences, did not have to do good
deeds, or get punished for their bad sins. People soon began to realize
that popes and bishops were abusing indulgences. The citizens be-
lieved that by gaining entryway into heaven, was by living by the
Catholic Churchs morals and values, and by not cheating your way
Power of Ideas
26
http://rappingmanual.com/5-ways-to-get-song-ideas/
into heaven by paying. This is how the people believed that the church
was becoming corrupt.
In the 1500s, Martin Luther was a man who was against the thought of
people paying their way into heaven. In Germany, people were buying
salvation, but Martin Luther was a pope who believed that people had
to gain entryway into heaven by following the Catholic Churchs mor-
als and values. By paying your way into heaven, people paid by indul-
gences. An indulgence is paying your way into heaven and not living
by the Catholic Churchs morals and values. The Catholic Church
taught that gaining entryway into heaven was by living a good life, and
not doing bad things that will put you in hell. Later in the 1300s, Mar-
tin Luther started to threaten the church and its power. He began to
post a list of arguments, called theses, and these arguments were how
the church was abusing indulgences. People started to get excited by
these ideas Martin had, but the church was gradually thinking about
them. As stated in Frey, Many Germans saw Luther as a hero. As his
popularity grew, he continued to develop his ideas(353). The church
started using strategies to silence Martin and his ideas. In 1521, Martin
was no longer allowed to be apart of the church, and the Holy Roman
emperor declared that Luther stopped the selling or writing of his
work. But that didnt stop Martin. He made his own church, and cre-
27
Theses
Marin Luther
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther
ated a larger Christian faith called Lutheranism. Lutheranism began to
grow throughout the population. The Catholics and Lutherans began
to go to war in Germany sense the Catholics were against Lutheranism.
In 1555 the war ended, and the Holy Roman Empire determined the re-
ligion of his subjects. In conclusion, Martin Luther threatened the
Catholic Church and its power.
In the civilization of Mountania, there are many citizens that might
threaten the traditional beliefs. There are many citizens with lots of
ideas, but these ideas may cause the civilization of Mountania to not
thrive. Challenges that citizens might have are if they have ideas, but
the church popes and ofcials may think that their ideas might threaten
the civilization of Mountania. In the 1300s, people were too dedicated
to the church and failed to live as spiritual leaders. Monks, priests, and
nuns made promises to not have children or get married, but all these
people broke those promises. Even citizens were ignoring Christian val-
ues and morals. The church leaders were even behaving like royals and
not being humble citizens of God. As stated in Frey, Too, often, people
who were supposedly dedicated to the church failed to live up to their
role as spiritual leaders(348). All the citizens were failing to live up to
their regular citizen lives. In the civilization of Mountania, there are
strategies that wont let any citizen threaten the civilization. The strat-
egy that the civilization of Mountania is doing is that when a citizen has
an idea, the church ofcials will discuss and vote to see if this new idea
will either threaten the civilization or will be a great idea. By having
this strategy, there will be less ghting, and less people not living up to
their own spiritual leaders. In conclusion, the civilization of Mountania
found strategies to deal with citizens ideas that might threaten the civili-
zation of Mountania.
Queen Elizabeth, the Queen of England encouraged trade and com-
merce. In the 1500s, trade was difcult. By having trade, it strengthens
your civilization. By trading you can get food, gold, silver, clothes, and
more for your civilization. Thats exactly what Queen Elizabeth did.
Queen Elizabeth made trading companies in Africa, Asia, and all over
America. She also funded a sea exploration, which helped England
gain a foothold in North America. When Queen Elizabeth died, Eng-
land was one of the strongest and richest countries in the world. As
stated in Frey, Elizabeth worked to strengthen Englands economy, and
28
Trade Center
Railroad
she encouraged trade and commerce(341). By having trade in the civi-
lization of Mountania, it would help the civilization by a lot. Citizens
would get all the supplies they need to carry out their lives. Trade will
help citizens get food, water, gold, silver, and clothes. Trade would
make the civilization of Mountania successful because trade helps every
citizen, and every civilization thrive. Queen Elizabeth encouraged
many civilizations to start trading with other civilizations.
29

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