Ci6i! Appea! ,o#6;0 of 19;9, e1ie on ;th 'anuar2, 1992#
<-rom the "u0ment ate =059519;9 passe b2 9ahore 3i0h Court, 9ahore in >rit Petition ,o#?09@ of 19;AB#
<aB Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B555
5555Art# ia?<=B5559ea6e to appea! $as 0rante for the reason that the %uestions raise in the petition $ere 1ommon to a !ar0e number of other 1ases an re!ate to the interpretation of Constitutiona! pro6isions of pub!i1 importan1e ha6in0 0enera! effe1t#
<bB Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s )rinan1e <88 of519;AB555
5555Preamb!e5559e0is!ati6e histor2#
<1B Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B5555555Art# 26@555>here, a !a$ is repea!e or eeme to ha6e been repea!e b2, uner or b2 6irtue of the Constitution, the repea! sha!! not, eC1ept as other$ise pro6ie in the Constitution,D affe1t the pre6ious operation of the !a$ or an2thin0 u!2 one or suffere uner the !a$#
<B (enera! C!auses A1t <E of 1;9AB555555S# 65A555+ffe1t555>hen an amenin0 A1t, $hereb2 the teCt of a Centra! A1t or Re0u!ation $as amene, is repea!e, then, un!ess a ifferent intention appears, the repea! is not to affe1t the 1ontinuan1e of an2 su1h amenment mae b2 the amenin0 ena1tment so repea!e555+ffe1t of S#65A is that, in spite of the repea! of an amenin0 A1t, the amenment, if it $as in the teCt of an2 A1t or Re0u!ation, $as to 1ontinue# <eB (enera! C!auses A1t <E of 1;9AB5555555Preamb!e555A1t 1annot be use in ai $hi!e 1onstruin0 a Constitutiona! pro6ision in the absen1e of makin0 the same app!i1ab!e throu0h a Constitutiona! pro6ision#
<fB Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B555
5555Art# 26@<bB555(enera! C!auses A1t <E of 1;9AB, S#65A555Arti1!e 26@<bB, Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, 1annot be e%uate $ith S#65A, (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A#
<0B (enera! C!auses A1t <E of 1;9AB555
5555S# 65A555Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, Art#26@<bB555Arti1!e 26@<bB, Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, 1annot be e%uate $ith S#65A, (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A#
<hB (enera! C!auses A1t <E of 1;9AB555
5555S# 6555Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, Art#26@<bB555Se1tion 6 of the (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A is 1ou1he in terms of Art#26@, Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B if both pro6isions are put in "uCtaposition#
<iB Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B555
5555Art# 26@<bB555(enera! C!auses A1t <E of 1;9AB, S#6555Se1tion 6 of the (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A is 1ou1he in terms of Art#26@, Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B if both pro6isions are put in "uCtaposition#
<"B Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B555
5555Art# ;9555)rinan1e is a temporar2 !e0is!ation an 1annot be 0i6en permanen12 in the absen1e of an2 soun !e0a! prin1ip!e or ba1kin0#
Mehreen 7aibun ,isa 6# 9an Commissioner, Mu!tan an others P94 19A? SC =9A an (ooerham an >orts 9t# 6# Canaian /roa1astin0 Corporation A 8 R 19@9 PC 90F Cra$for Statutor2 Constru1tion an 8nterpretation of Statutes b2 MaC$e!! 12th +n# ref#
<kB Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B555
5555Art# ;9555)rinan1e if not appro6e b2 both the 3ouses before the eCpir2 of four months from its promu!0ation, the same sha!! stan repea!e555Rationa!e behin pro6iin0 an outer !imit of four months#
Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution en6isa0es that, if an )rinan1e is not appro6e b2 both the 3ouses before the eCpir2 of four months from its promu!0ation, the same sha!! stan repea!e# &he abo6e 1!ear Constitutiona! manate 1annot be efeate b2 pressin0 into ser6i1e an2 ru!e of 1onstru1tion of statutes or a pro6ision of a statute $hi1h 1annot be presse in ai $hi!e 1onstruin0 a Constitutiona! pro6ision#
Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution empo$ers the Presient toD promu!0ate an )rinan1e $hen the ,ationa! Assemb!2 is not in session or stans isso!6e an he <the PresientB upon bein0 satisfie that the 1ir1umstan1es eCist $hi1h rener it ne1essar2 to take immeiate a1tion# Su1h an )rinan1e is to !ast, at the most, for four months, if not appro6e or if not re"e1te b2 the par!iament ear!ier or $ithra$n b2 the Presient in terms of sub51!ause <aB of 1!ause <2B of the abo6e Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution#
&he rationa!e behin pro6iin0 an outer !imit of four months for an )rinan1e seems to be that e6en if the ,ationa! Assemb!2 or a Pro6in1ia! Assemb!2 stans isso!6e at the time of promu!0ation of an )rinan1e, the e!e1tion of it is to take p!a1e $ithin 90 a2s from the ate of its isso!ution in terms of 1!ause ? of Arti1!e @; of the Constitution#
<!B Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B555 55
5555Art# ;9<2B<aB555)rinan1e ha6in0 not been p!a1e for appro6a! before the Par!iament $ithin time !imit of four months in terms of Art#;9<2B<aB of the Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, it stoo repea!e $ith the amenments 1ontaine therein upon the eCpir2 of four months from the ate of its promu!0ation#
<mB Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s )rinan1e <88 of 19;AB55
5555Preamb!e555Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s A1t <E* of 19;AB, Preamb!e [as amene b2 Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s <AmenmentB )rinan1e <E8E of 19;;B]555Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, Art#;9<2B<aB555Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s <AmenmentB )rinan1e, 19;; ha6in0 not been p!a1e for appro6a! before the Par!iament $ithin time !imit of four months in terms of Art#;9<2B<aB of the Constitution of Pakistan <19A=B, it stoo repea!e $ith the amenments 1ontaine therein upon the eCpir2 of four months from the ate of its promu!0ation555(o6ernment, ho$e6er, 1ou! take $hate6er 1urati6e a1tions $hi1h $ere open to it in a11oran1e $ith !a$#
Ma%boo! +!ahi Ma!ik, A6o1ate5(enera!, Pun"ab, 8rfan Gair A!# A: (# Pun"ab an Rao Muhamma Housaf :han A6o1ate5on5Re1or for Appe!!ant# Responents ,os#! an 2: +C parte# RaIa GaIim an Ra"a Abu! RaIa%, A6o1ates Supreme Court an Sh# Sabahuin an SAA# 'afri, A6o1ates5on5Re1or for the Remainin0 Responents#
4ate of hearin0: 22n 4e1ember, 1991,
'.4(M+,& A'MA9 M8A,, '#555&his is an appea!, $ith the !ea6e of this Court, a0ainst the "u0ment ate =059519;9, passe b2 a 4i6ision /en1h of the 9ahore 3i0h Court, 9ahore in >rit Petition ,o# ?09@ of 19;A, 6? 1onne1te >rit Petitions an t$o 1rimina! re6ision petitions, fi!e b2 6arious persons in1!uin0 responents 1 an 2, impu0nin0 the orers of the (o6ernment of Pun"ab, passe uner se1tion ? of the Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s )rinan1e 88 of 19;A an Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s A1t E* of 19;A, hereinafter referre to as Jthe A1tD, ire1tin0 the 1rimina! 1ases a0ainst them be trie b2 the Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s# &he pro6isions of the A1t $ere a!so 1ha!!en0e on the 0roun of bein0 is1riminator2 an 6io!ati6e of Arti1!e 2? an other pro6isions of the Constitution of the 8s!ami1 Repub!i1 of Pakistan, 19A=, hereinafter referre to as Jthe ConstitutionD# &he 3i0h Court, throu0h a 6er2 e!aborate "u0ment, he! as fo!!o$s:55
K&he 1on1!usions that fo!!o$s from the fore0oin0 is1ussion are summarise hereuner:
<iB &hat the impu0ne !e0is!ation thou0h is1riminator2 bein0 isa6anta0eous L pre"ui1ia! to the a11use sub"e1te to tria! before the Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s are not hit b2 Arti1!e 2? of the Constitution as the impu0ne !a$ has pro6ie for reasonab!e 1!assifi1ation permissib!e in !a$#
<iiB &hat the pro6isions of se1tion ; of the impu0ne A1tL)rinan1e in so far as the2 permit the tria! of an a11use person in absentia are 6io!ati6e of Arti1!e 10 of the Constitution#
<iiiB &hat the amenin0 )rinan1e E8E of 19;; stoo repea!e on the eCpiration of four months from its !e0is!ation an its pro6isions parti1u!ar!2 the pro6isions seekin0 to eCten the !ife of the main A1t from one 2ear to t$o 2ears ha6e not sur6i6e the repea!#
<i6B Conse%uent!2, A1t E* of 19;A $as operati6e on!2 up to the ate of the repea! of the amenin0 )rinan1e:D
2# After ha6in0 he! as abo6e, the 3i0h Court 0rante the fo!!o$in0 re!iefs:
KAs a 1onse%uen1e of the finin0s hereinbefore re1ore, $e ho! an e1!are that a!! orersL,otifi1ations issue b2 the (o6ernment uner se1tion ? of A1t E* of 19;A after the ate of its eCpir2 i#e# $ith effe1t from the a2 of repea! of the amenin0 )rinan1e E8E of 19;; an a!! pro1eein0s penin0 or taken, tria! of 1ases he!, orersL"u0ments passe b2 an2 Spe1ia! Courts estab!ishe uner the sai A1t, $ere taken he! an passe $ithout !a$fu! authorit2 an of no !e0a! effe1t#
8t is further e1!are that an2 pro1eein0s penin0 in an2 Spe1ia! Court for Spee2 &ria!s in pursuan1e of an2 orerL ,otifi1ation issue b2 the (o6ernment uner se1tion ? of )rinan1e 88 of 19;A an A1t E* of 19;A urin0 the perio that the2 $ere in effe1ti6e operation 1annot pro1ee as no Spe1ia! Court for Spee2 &ria!s eCits after the eCpir2 of A1t E* of 19;A as aforementione#
=# &he (o6ernment of Pun"ab, bein0 a00rie6e b2 the abo6e "u0ment, fi!e a petition for !ea6e to appea!, $hi1h $as 0rante for the reason that the %uestions raise in the petition $ere 1ommon to a !ar0e number of other 1ases an re!ate to the interpretation of Constitutiona! pro6isions of pub!i1 importan1e ha6in0 0enera! effe1t# >hi!e 0rantin0 the abo6e !ea6e, the effe1t of the impu0ne "u0ment $as suspene so as not to affe1t the pro1eein0s taken b2, the Spe1ia! Courts after the 1=th -ebruar2, 19;9 ti!! the ate of impu0ne "u0ment#
@# &he brief fa1ts are that Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s )rinan1e 88 of 19;A $as promu!0ate b2 the Presient of Pakistan on 265A519;A, the Preamb!e to the same pro6ie the ob"e1t b2 statin0 that Kit is eCpeient in the pub!i1 interest to pro6ie for the estab!ishment of Spee2 Courts for Spee2 &ria! of 1ertain offen1esK# &he abo6e )rinan1e $as repea!e an rep!a1e b2 the A1t, the assent to $hi1h $as 0i6en b2 the Presient on ;511519;A, but it $as pub!ishe in the (aIette of Pakistan, +Ctraorinar2 on 16511519;A# 8t ma2 be obser6e that its subse1tion <2B of se1tion 1 pro6ie that the A1t sha!! remain in for1e for a perio of one 2ear from the ate it $as assente to b2 the Presient# 8t $as a!so pro6ie that the Par!iament ma2, b2 a reso!ution of ea1h 3ouse, eCten the sai perio for a simi!ar term or terms# &he A1t re5ena1te the pro6isions of the aforesai )rinan1e 88 of 19;A $ith minor moifi1ations an aitions# Sin1e the pro6isions of the )rinan1e an the A1t ha6e been referre to in the impu0ne "u0ment in etai!, it is not ne1essar2 to repeat the same# 3o$e6er, it ma2 be pertinent to point out that the Presient promu!0ate Amenin0 )rinan1e E8* of 19;; <Spe1ia! Courts for Spee2 &ria!s <AmenmentB )rinan1e, on 1=510519;;, $hereb2 inter a!ia abo6e subse1tion <2B of se1tion 1 of the A1t $as amene b2 substitutin0 the $ors Jt$o 2earsD for the $ors Jone 2earD# &he abo6e5amene subse1tion <2B reas as fo!!o$s:
K8t eCtens to the $ho!e of Pakistan an sha!! remain in for1e for a perio of t$o 2ears from the ate on $hi1h it is assente to b2 the Presient#K
?# &he abo6e )rinan1e E8* of 19;; $as not p!a1e before the ,ationa! Assemb!2 in terms of 1!ause <2B of Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution an, 1onse%uent!2, the same stoo repea!e at the eCpir2 of four months from its promu!0ation# 8t $as 1ontene b2 the (o6ernment of Pun"ab before the 3i0h Court that not$ithstanin0 the fa1tum that the abo6e )rinan1e E8* of 19;; stoo repea!e, the amenment mae in subse1tion <2B of se1tion 1 of the A1t, remaine operati6e# 3o$e6er, the 3i0h Court repe!!e the abo6e 1ontention an he! as uner:
K-rom the fore0oin0 is1ussion, it is %uite 1!ear that se1tion 65A of the (enera! C!auses A1t is esi0ne to sa6e the teCtua! amenments mae in the parent statute b2 an amenin0 )rinan1e $hi1h has sin1e been repea!e# ,o su1h sa6in0 pro6ision is amitte!2 a6ai!ab!e in the Constitution an the !a$ is $e!!5sett!e that the pro6isions of the (enera! C!auses A1t o not app!2 to Constitutiona! matters# Absen1e of su1h a spe1ifi1 pro6ision in the Constitution as is 1ontaine in se1tion 65A of the (enera! C!auses A1t is the manifestation of the intention of the framers of the Constitution that the2 i not $ant the amenmentsLsubstitution mae b2 an )rinan1e in the teCt of an A1t of the Par!iament to sur6i6e the repea! of the amenin0 )rinan1e# 8n this 6ie$ of the matter, $e are 1onstraine to repe! the 1ontention of the !earne A6o1ate5(enera! an $e ho! that the impu0ne amenment mae b2 the amenin0 )rinan1e ,o# E8E of 19;; in the parent A1t <$hereb2 the !ife of the A1t $as eCtene from one 2ear to t$o 2earsB $as in for1e on!2 urin0 the subsisten1eL1urren12 of the amenin0 )rinan1e an it has not sur6i6e the repea! of the sai )rinan1e# Resu!t, therefore, is that the main statute 6iI# A1t E* of 19;A remaine in for1e an operati6e on!2 upto the ate of the repea! of the )rinan1e#K
6# /efore us the on!2 point ur0e on beha!f of the Pun"ab (o6ernment $as that the 3i0h Court ha $ron0!2 1on1!ue that the amenment mae in subse1tion <2B of se1tion 1 of the A1t b2 )rinan1e E8* of 19;;, stoo repea!e $ith the )rinan1e upon the eCpir2 of four months perio from the ate of its promu!0ation# ,o other point $as ur0e#
A# 8n support of the abo6e 1ontention, Mr# 8rfan Gair, !earne Aitiona! A6o1ate5(enera!, Pun"ab, has p!a1e re!ian1e on 1!ause <bB of Arti1!e 26@ of the Constitution# 8t ma2 be a6anta0eous to reprou1e the, abo6e Arti1!e 26@, $hi1h reas as fo!!o$s:555
K26@# >here a !a$ is repea!e, or is eeme to ha6e been repea!e, b2, uner, or b2 6irtue of the Constitution, the repea! sha!! not, eC1ept as other$ise pro6ie in the Constitution,555
<aB re6i6e an2thin0 not in for1e or eCistin0 at the time at $hi1h the repea! takes p!a1eF
<bB affe1t the pre6ious operation of the !a$ or an2thin0 u!2 one or suffere uner the !a$F
<1B affe1t an2 ri0ht, pri6i!e0e, ob!i0ation or !iabi!it2 a1%uire, a11rue or in1urre uner the !a$F
<B affe1t an2 pena!t2, forfeiture or punishment in1urre in respe1t of an2 offen1e 1ommitte uner the !a$F
<eB affe1t an2 in6esti0ation, !e0a! pro1eein0 or reme2 in respe1t of an2 su1h ri0ht, pri6i!e0e, ob!i0ation, !iabi!it2, pena!t2, forfeiture or punishmentF
an an2 su1h in6esti0ation, !e0a! pro1eein0 or reme2 ma2 be institute, 1ontinue or enfor1e, an an2 su1h pena!t2, forfeiture or punishment ma2 be impose, as if the !a$ ha not been repea!e:D
A5A# A perusa! of the abo6e5%uote Arti1!e ini1ates that it, inter a!ia pro6ies that $here a !a$ is repea!e or eeme to ha6e been repea!e b2, uner or b2 6irtue of the Constitution, the repea! sha!! not, eC1ept as other$ise pro6ie in the Constitution, affe1t the pre6ious operation of the !a$ or an2thin0 u!2 one or suffere uner the !a$#
A11orin0 to Mr# 8rfan Gair, sin1e at the time of repea! of )rinan1e E8* of 19;;, the perio spe1ifie in subse1tion <2B of se1tion 1 of the A1t $as t$o 2ears, operation of the same $as not be affe1te b2 6irtue of sa6in0 b2 abo6e 1!ause <bB of Arti1!e 26@ of the Constitution, nor an2thin0 u!2 one or suffere uner the !a$ $as to be affe1te# &o reinfor1e the abo6e submission, he has re!ie upon the fo!!o$in0 passa0e from /inraDs 8nterpretation of Statutes, Ath +ition:
K1?# &emporar2 Statutes:55&he effe1t of the eCpir2 of a temporar2 statute is rea!!2 a matter of the 1onstru1tion of the statute itse!f# A temporar2 statute 1ou! pro6ie for its effe1ti6eness be2on its eCpir2# &he 0enera! ru!e in re0ar to a temporar2 statute is that, in the absen1e of spe1ia! pro6ision to the 1ontrar2, pro1eein0s $hi1h are bein0 taken a0ainst a person uner it $i!! ipso fa1to terminate as soon as the statute eCpires# >hen a temporar2 A1t is repea!e, the pro1eein0s institute uner su1h an A1t terminate at the time the temporar2 A1t $ou! ha6e other$ise eCpire# After the eCpir2 of the )rinan1e 8* of 196;, if an2 1on6i1tion thereuner is mae, it 1annot be uphe!, an the prose1ution $ou! terminate# &here is a ifferen1e bet$een temporar2 statutes an statutes $hi1h are repea!eF the !atter <eC1ept so far as the2 re!ate to transa1tion a!rea2 1omp!ete uner themB be1ome as if the2 ha ne6er eCisteF but $ith respe1t to the former, the eCtent of the restri1tions impose an the uration of the pro6isions are matters of 1onstru1tion555555555555555555555M
;# 8t ma2 be appropriate, at this "un1ture, to point out that if se1tion 65A of the (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A 1ou! ha6e been presse into ser6i1e in the present 1ase, the abo6e 1ontention of Mr# 8rfan Gair $ou! ha6e been sustainab!e# &he abo6e se1tion 65A reas as fo!!o$s:
K65A# Repea! of A1t makin0 teCtua! amenment in A1t or Re0u!ation# KD >here an2 Centra! A1t or Re0u!ation mae after the 1ommen1ement of this A1t repea!s an2 ena1tment b2 $hi1h the teCt of an2 Centra! A1t or Re0u!ation $as amene b2 the eCpress omission, insertion or substitution of an2 matter, then, un!ess a ifferent intention appears, the repea! sha!! not affe1t the 1ontinuan1e of an2 su1h amenment mae b2 the ena1tment so repea!e an in operation at the time of su1h repea!:D
9# A p!ain reain0 of the abo6e se1tion 65A sho$s that $hen an amenin0 A1t, $hereb2 the teCt of a Centra! A1t or Re0u!ation $as amene, is repea!e, then, un!ess a ifferent intention appears, the repea! is not to affe1t the 1ontinuan1e of an2 su1h amenment mae b2 the amenin0 ena1tment so repea!e# 8n other $ors, the effe1t of abo6e se1tion 65A of the (enera! C!auses A1t is that, in spite of the repea! of an amenin0 A1t, the amenment, if it $as in the teCt of an2 A1t or Re0u!ation, $as to 1ontinue#
10# Mr# 8rfan Gair has not been ab!e to press into ser6i1e the abo6e se1tion 65A in the 1ase in han, as it is $e!!5sett!e proposition of !a$ that (enera! C!auses A1t 1annot be use in ai $hi!e 1onstruin0 a Constitutiona! pro6ision in the absen1e of makin0 the same app!i1ab!e throu0h a Constitutiona! pro6ision, as it $as pro6ie in Arti1!e 219 of the !ate Constitution of 8s!ami1 Repub!i1 of Pakistan, 19?6, $hi1h pro6ies as uner:
K219 <1B# .n!ess the 1onteCt other$ise re%uires the (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A, sha!! app!2 for the interpretation of the Constitution as it app!ie for the interpretation of a Centra! A1t, as if the Constitution $ere a Centra! A1t#
<DB -or the app!i1ation of the (enera! C!auses A1t, 1;9A, to the interpretation of the Constitution, the A1ts repea!e b2 the Constitution sha!! he eeme to be Centra! A1ts#K
11# 8t ma2 be mentione that sin1e there is no 1orresponin0 pro6ision in the Constitution, the (enera! C!auses A1t 1annot be presse into ser6i1e in the instant 1ase, as has been ri0ht!2 1on1ee b2 Mr# 8rfan Gair# 3o$e6er, his submission $as that the abo6e 1!ause <bB of Arti1!e 26@ of the Constitution 1an be e%uate $ith se1tion 65A of the (enera! C!auses A1t# 8n our 6ie$ the abo6e 1ontention is not tenab!e as in fa1t, se1tion 6 of the (enera! C!auses A1t, an not its se1tion 65A, is 1ou1he in terms of Arti1!e 26@ of the Constitution, $hi1h is e6ient, if $e $ere to p!a1e the abo6e t$o pro6isions in "uCtaposition# &he abo6e se1tion 6 reas as fo!!o$s:55
K6# +ffe1t of repea!#55>here this A1t or an2 Centra! A1t or Re0u!ation mae after the 1ommen1ement of this A1t, repea!s an2 ena1tment hitherto mae or hereafter to be mae, then, un!ess a ifferent intention appears, the repea! sha!! not:555
<aB re6i6e an2thin0 not in for1e or eCistin0 at the time at $hi1h the repea! takes effe1tF or
<bB affe1t the pre6ious operation of an2 ena1tment so repea!e or an2thin0 u!2 one or suffere thereunerF or
<1B affe1t an2 ri0ht, pri6i!e0e, ob!i0ation or !iabi!it2 a1%uire, a11rue or in1urre uner an2 ena1tment so repea!eF or
<B affe1t an2 pena!t2, forfeiture or punishment in1urre in respe1t of an2 offen1e 1ommitte a0ainst an2 ena1tment so repea!eF or
<eB affe1t an2 in6esti0ation, !e0a! pro1eein0 or reme2 in respe1t of an2 su1h ri0ht, pri6i!e0e, ob!i0ation, !iabi!it2, pena!t2, forfeiture, or punishment as aforesaiF
an an2 su1h in6esti0ation, !e0a! pro1eein0 or reme2 ma2 be institute, 1ontinue or enfor1e an an2 su1h pena!t2, forfeiture or punishment ma2 be impose as if the repea!in0 A1t or Re0u!ation ha not been passe#K
12# 8t ma2 be state that an )rinan1e is a temporar2 !e0is!ation# 8t 1annot be 0i6en permanen12 in the absen1e of an2 soun !e0a! prin1ip!e or ba1kin0 of !a$# 8n this re0ar it ma2 be a6anta0eous to %uote the fo!!o$in0 passa0e from the "u0ment of this Court in the 1ase of Mahreen 7aibun ,isa 6# 9an Commissioner, Mu!tan an others <P94 19A? SC =9AB:
K8t $i!! be seen that this Arti1!e intene to make pro6ision for emer0en12 or temporar2 !e0is!ation at an2 time $hen the Pro6in1ia! Assemb!2 stans isso!6e or is not in session, an it is for this reason that 1!ause <2B of this Arti1!e, $hi!e 1onferrin0 on an )rinan1e promu!0ate b2 the (o6ernor the same for1e an effe1t as an A1t of the Pro6in1ia! 9e0is!ature, 1ontemp!ates that e6er2 su1h )rinan1e sha!! be !ai before the Pro6in1ia! Assemb!2 an sha!! 1ease to operate at the eCpiration of siC $eeks from re5assemb!2 thereof, or if before the eCpiration of that perio a reso!ution isappro6in0 it is passe b2 the Pro6in1ia! Assemb!2, upon the passin0 of that reso!ution# &he same 1!ause a!so pro6ies that the )rinan1e ma2 be $ithra$n at an2 time b2 the (o6ernor# An )rinan1e is, therefore, essentia!!2 in the nature of a temporar2 !e0is!ation, an its future operation is mae 1onitiona! on the appro6a! of the Pro6in1ia! Assemb!2# &he pro6isions 1ontaine in the pro6iso to 1!ause <@B 1ou! not, therefore, be intene to 1onfer permanen12 on an )rinan1e, in 6io!ation of the 1!ear stipu!ation in 1!ause <2B of the Arti1!e#
JApart from this basi1 ob"e1tion, restin0 on the 6er2 nature of an )rinan1e as a pie1e of temporar2 !e0is!ation, the pro6iso itse!f, as re!ie upon b2 the !earne Attorne25(enera!, makes it 1!ear that it has a narro$ an !imite purpose, name!2, of meetin0 the re%uirement spe1ifie in the pro6iso to 1!ause <2B of Arti1!e 1@= of the 8nterim Constitution in re!ation to the ena1tment of pro6in1ia! !a$s on sub"e1ts in1!ue in the Con1urrent 9e0is!ati6e 9ist# As that pro6iso oes not make a separate or spe1ia! mention of the manner in5 $hi1h an )rinan1e sha!! be promu!0ate in the Con1urrent fie!, the pro6iso to 1!ause <@B of Arti1!e 1=? 1ontains a spe1ia! ire1tion in this beha!f to the effe1t that an )rinan1e 1ontainin0 pro6isions in1onsistent $ith an A1t of the -eera! 9e0is!ature or an eCistin0 !a$ $ith re0ar to a matters enumerate in the Con1urrent 9e0is!ati6e 9ist sha!! be eeme to be an A1t of the Pro6in1ia! 9e0is!ature $hi1h has been reser6e for the 1onsieration of the Presient an assente to b2 him, pro6ie the )rinan1e is mae b2 the (o6ernor in pursuan1e of instru1tions from the Presient# &hus the pro6iso in %uestion mere!2 seeks to app!2 to an )rinan1e the spe1ia! stipu!ation 1ontaine in a subse%uent Arti1!e on the sub"e1t of !e0is!ation in a Con1urrent fie!, but oes not ha6e the effe1t of renerin0 the )rinan1e promu!0ate b2 the (o6ernor as a permanent A1t of the Pro6in1ia! 9e0is!ature for a!! purposes:D
>e ma2 a!so refer to the fo!!o$in0 obser6ation of the Pri62 Coun1i! in the 1ase of (ooerham an >orts 9t# 6# Canaian /roa1astin0 Corporation <A8R 19@9 PC 90B, on the %uestion of effe1t of eCpir2 of a temporar2 amenment in an ena1tment:
K1?# &his ar0ument, at first si0ht attra1ti6e as a point of p!eain0, is, in their 9orshipsD opinion untenab!e on a soun appre1iation of the stru1ture an terms of the A1t of ?th 'u!2, 19=?, abo6e%uote# &he first temporar2 amenin0 A1t of 19== repea!e 1ertain pro6isions of the prin1ipa! A1t of 19=2 an substitute other pro6isions in their p!a1e# &he operation of this amenin0 A1t $as 1ontinue o$n to =0th 'une, 19=?, b2 t$o further A1ts# &hen b2 the A1t of ?th 'u!2, 19=?F its operation $as further eCtene to =1st Mar1h, 19=6, but on!2 ti!! then# &he se1tions of the three temporar2 A1ts pres1ribin0 su11essi6e ates of eCpir2 of this temporar2 !e0is!ation $ere repea!e# &he resu!t is that on =1st Mar1h, 19=6, the temporar2 !e0is!ation 1ontaine in the first A1t of 19== repea!in0 pro6isions of the prin1ip!e A1t of 19=2 an substitutin0 other pro6isions 1ame to an en not b2 the repea! of the temporar2 !e0is!ation but b2 the eff!uC of the pres1ribe time# ,o %uestion as to the re6i6a! of the temporari!2 repea!e pro6isions of the prin1ipa! A1t of 19=2 b2 the repea! of the repea!in0 !e0is!ation arises# &he repea! effe1te b2 the temporar2 !e0is!ation $as on!2 a temporar2 repea!# >hen b2 the fiat of Par!iament the temporar2 repea! eCpire the ori0ina! !e0is!ation automati1a!!2 resume its fu!! for1e555555555555555555555M
1=# Referen1e ma2 a!so be mae to the fo!!o$in0 obser6ations from Cra$for Statutor2 Constru1tion:
Pa0e56?; KMan2 !a$s are of a temporar2 nature, an ob6ious!2 su1h !a$s eCpire of their o$n for1e $hen the time arri6es for their eCpiration 555555555555555555555M
Pa0e56@0 K8n the first p!a1e, an outri0ht repea! $i!! estro2 the effe1ti6eness of the repea!e A1t in future, an operate to estro2 in1hoate ri0hts epenent on it, as a 0enera! ru!e# 8n man2 1ases, ho$e6er, $here statutes are repea!e, the2 1ontinue to be the !a$ of the perio urin0 $hi1h the2 $ere in for1e $ith referen1e to numerous matters#K
MaC$e!! 12th +ition has ea!t $ith the effe1t of repea! as uner:5
Pa0e 16# K&he 1ommon !a$ ru!e is that if an A1t eCpire or $as repea!e it $as re0are, in the absen1e of pro6ision to the 1ontrar2, as ha6in0 ne6er eCiste, eC1ept as to matters an transa1tions past an 1!ose# >here, therefore, a pena! !a$ $as broken, the offener 1ou! not be punishe uner it if it eCpire before he $as 1on6i1te, a!thou0h the prose1ution be0an $hi!e the A1t $as sti!! in for1e#K
1@# >e ma2 state that, if $e $ere to a11ept Mr# 8rfan GairDs abo6e 1ontention, the same $ou! be 6io!ati6e of Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution, $hi1h en6isa0es that, if an )rinan1e of the t2pe in issue is not appro6e b2 both the 3ouses before the eCpir2 of four months from its promu!0ation, the same sha!! stan repea!e# &he abo6e 1!ear Constitutiona! manate 1annot be efeate b2 pressin0 into ser6i1e an2 ru!e of 1onstru1tion of statutes or a pro6ision of a statute $hi1h 1annot be presse in ai $hi!e 1onstruin0 a Constitutiona! pro6ision# >e ma2 further obser6e that our Constitution is a $ritten Constitution base on -eera! S2stem# 8t en6isa0es tra1heotom2 of po$ers bet$een the three !imbs of the State i#e# the 9e0is!ature, the +Ce1uti6e an the 'ui1iar2# 8n the abo6e po!iti1a! set up the po$er to !e0is!ate is 6este in the par!iament# 3o$e6er, Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution empo$ers the Presient to promu!0ate an )rinan1e $hen the ,ationa! Assemb!2 is not in Session or stans isso!6e an he <the PresientB upon bein0 satisfie that the 1ir1umstan1es eCist $hi1h rener it ne1essar2 to take immeiate a1tion# Su1h an )rinan1e is to !ast, at the most, for four months, if not appro6e or if not re"e1te b2 the par!iament ear!ier or $ithra$n b2 the Presient in terms of sub51!ause <aB of 1!ause <2B of the abo6e Arti1!e ;9 of the Constitution#
&he rationa!e behin pro6iin0 an outer !imit of four months for an )rinan1e seems to be that e6en if the ,ationa! Assemb!2 or a Pro6in1ia! Assemb!2 stans isso!6e at the time of promu!0ation of an )rinan1e, the e!e1tion of it is to take p!a1e $ithin 90 a2s from the ate of its isso!ution in terms of 1!ause ? of Arti1!e @; of the Constitution# Sin1e )rinan1e E8E of 19;; $as not p!a1e for appro6a! before the Par!iament $ithin the abo6e time !imit of four months in terms of sub51!ause <aB of 1!ause <2B of the Arti1!e ;9, it stans repea!e $ith the amenments 1ontaine therein upon the eCpir2 of four months from the ate of its promu!0ation#
1?# >e are, therefore, of the 6ie$ that the 3i0h CourtDs "u0ment on the abo6e point is uneC1eptionab!e an, Dhen1e, the abo6e appea! has no merit, it is ismisse $ith no orer as to 1osts# &he abo6e interim orer is re1a!!e#
16# >e ma2 mention that Mr#Ma%boo! !earne A6o1ate (enera!, Pun"ab, $ho $as a!so present urin0 the hearin0, re%ueste that in 1ase the abo6e appea! fai!s, $e shou! 1!arif2 that it $i!! be open to the (o6ernment to take appropriate 1urati6e a1tionLa1tions, as this e1ision ma2 affe1t a number of tees# Suffi1e to obser6e that it $i!! be open to the (o6ernment to take $hate6er a1tions are open to it in a11oran1e $ith !a$#
2000SCMR 1510 - Seniority---Civil Servant Not Appointed Against a Clear Substantive Vacancy, His Status at the Best Could Be Considered as That of Ad Hoc Officer Till the Availability of Substantive Vacancy
2000 S C M R 1321 -Dismissal From Service---Regular Inquiry Not Held---Service Tribunal Had Rightly Concluded That Dismissal of Civil Servant From Service and Subsequent Reduction in Punishment Were Violative of Dictum
1998 P L C CS 221 - Constitutional Petition - Employee of Statutory Body - Termination of Service Without Show-Cause Notice and Without Affording Opportunity of Being Heard
1998 P L C CS 1221 - Employee, Therefore, Would Be Presumed To Have Been Absorbed And, Therefore, Was Entitled To Be Considered For Pro Forma Promotion
1998 P L C CS 221 - Constitutional Petition - Employee of Statutory Body - Termination of Service Without Show-Cause Notice and Without Affording Opportunity of Being Heard
1998 P L C CS 221 - Constitutional Petition - Employee of Statutory Body - Termination of Service Without Show-Cause Notice and Without Affording Opportunity of Being Heard
1997 C L C 262 -Plaintiffs Application for Correction of His Date of Birth Having Been Finally Rejected on 24 7 1991 Same Gave Fresh Cause of Action to Petitioner -Plaintiffs Suit Was Thus Within Time
1998 P L C CS 221 - Constitutional Petition - Employee of Statutory Body - Termination of Service Without Show-Cause Notice and Without Affording Opportunity of Being Heard