Have you ever wondered why Aham is sometimes written as - and sometimes as - ? Have you ever wondered why Poojya Swamiji , when singing bhajans, sometimes pronounces say !or e"amp#e$ Aham as - and sometimes as - ? %he curious may move onto Lesson &o. %wo. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson '. - versus - %o answer those ridd#es, we must !irst get !ami#iar with the s vowe#s$ and the s consonants$. ] ] , . | | : are the s. %hey are comp#ete in themse#ves and do not re(uire the he#p o! another #etter to be pronounced. s are si"teen in number. %he s, on the other hand, are incomp#ete. %hey can be pronounced on#y with the he#p o! a . )or e"amp#e, the we *now and recogni+e, is actua##y a combination o! and . = + . Without the , the is unpronounceab#e..is there such a word ? , $ = + and so on and so !orth. A HAS to join up with a to be pronounced. -! the is a combination o! two s, as in o , you sti## need a , in this case an , to be added to the to pronounce the .conjunct. o | %he s are S C Z
s o z
- Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 %hirty !ive o! them. -nteresting !act..Si"teen s p#us thirty !ive s ma*e up the | Add to it , three s , it gives us !i!ty !our. )i!ty !our p#us !i!ty !our, add up to a hundred and eight. We go over the entire twice, !orwards and bac*wards, when we do one o! o | %he s high#ighted in the tab#e are ca##ed s | %he ob#i(ue stro*e at the bottom o! the consonants is ca##ed a - | %hat means the sound o! that consonant is c#ipped. A sma## e"amp#e...the /ng#ish word .cup. is pronounced as "o " and o is cuppa as in - wanna cuppa tea...gottit? $ -n a sentence #i*e - i am Anami*a$ the is written as to enab#e it to join with the ( a ) in , to !orm the comp#ete #etter | %he sentence then becomes - | -! the sentence were - , the is unab#e to join with the in the a $ o! the , to !orm a sing#e comp#ete #etter. -t cou#d become , but that wou#d ma*e it a conjunct and not a sing#e comp#ete #etter. 0oes the di!!erence come through c#ear#y? When !aced with the prospect o! becoming a conjunct, converts itse#! into a dot and p#aces itse#! above the previous #etter. 1aintaining an identity o! its own, it now ca##s itse#! an | %he correct !orm o! the sentence then becomes - | So is written as , in two cases..... 1. when is the #ast #etter in a word and when the #etter a!ter it , in the ne"t word , is a and '. when it is at the end o! a sentence...eg. - | (Why does remain a at the end o! a sentence? 2eats me. Some ru#es are just stated and we, poor things, just accept them.$ Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 -nteresting !act.. 3n#y has the authority to be used as an . %his changes the entire concept on how to write and pronounce a word correct#y. 0etai#s in Lesson &o. %hree. Answers to ridd#e two in Lesson three too. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson 4. %he Anunasi*s justi!ication !or e"isting. A #ong #ong time ago, *now#edge was passed on !rom guru to shishya verba##y. &o boo*s. &o revision. 5ehearing, de!inite#y. %he prospect o! ma*ing a mista*e was great. Pronunciations had to be accurate. -! one invited : instead o! : to one6s !east, one cou#d be assured o! hurt neg#ected re#atives and a smi#e on every canine !ace on the street. %he word itse#! means 6that which has been systemi+ed.6 7ust ta*e a #oo* at our tab#e again, you6## begin to appreciate how systematic it is. -t a#so gives us e"ce##ent c#ues on how to pronounce the s. %hose are the ones that rea##y trip us up. %he !irst row beginning with is ca##ed the S, #itera##y meaning 8#ass . -t inc#udes a## the s in that c#ass... S C | &otice how the tongue remains in e"act#y the same p#ace when you say these words out #oud. &ow, just as you wou#d say , say C, but bring out the sound nasa##y as we##. %he S is ca##ed the :, since the sounds o! this group are based in the throat. S | %his group is ca##ed the . is the pa#ate. 9eep the tongue in the same position as you wou#d when saying then say which rough#y is a | %he rest S ....s the top o! the pa#ate$, the S ...: the tongue touches the teeth every sing#e time$ and the o S... : here the #ips are used$ are easy to pronounce. %hat6s a## very we## but what in heaven6s name are that C and doing there? When are they used? %he ru#e is that one ought to use that with on#y those consonants that be#ong to the same c#ass. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2012 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 WH/& W5-%-&: )or e"amp#e, the correct !orm o! the word Shan*ar is and not . %he tric* is to #oo* at the immediate#y a!ter the nasa# sound in a word and then decide which one to write. A#so, on#y has the s to be used as an ... the dot on top o! a #etter at the end o! a word. %here!ore to give you e"amp#es o! words !rom a## the S s...... is correct and not | o is correct and not o | and not kb | and not | o and not o. WH/& P53&3;&8-&: Sans*rit is #i*e water . -t !#ows. -t shou#d be easy !or us to voca#i+e words. %here!ore the in words adapts its pronunciation to !#ow in with the ne"t word . -n the sentence - , the dot is pronounced #i*e to !#ow with the ne"t #etter to whose c#ass the be#ongs. Pronounced, - and not - And written - | $ - is pronounced as -C . %he shou#d sound #i*e C | %here!ore - o is pronounced as - o | -! we have roya##y con!used you, #et us *now. **************** Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson <. P#acating =isarga S , the two dots sometimes !ound at the end o! a word, is not p#eased with me. Here is what he has been thin*ing...... 0on6t want him unhappy. We need him a great dea# in the days to come and we can6t a!!ord to get him mad. So here goes... %he S too is e"treme#y adaptab#e. -n an iso#ated word, he ta*es the sound o! the #etter just be!ore him. )or e"amp#e...: is pronounced -. -: is pronounced --. S: is pronounced S- , : is - , : is - | z: is z- | And so on and so !orth. - thin* he is happy now. -nteresting !act? &o... sad, sad !act. 1any schoo#s have dropped the C and the !rom the because they might .con!use. our *ids. %hese so ca##ed do>gooders have spawned an entire generation o! chi#dren who read Mj as Shad*ar instead o! Shan*ar. )orget the :ods, the 5ishis have not been spared either...i have heard that | wi## soon be given a 6termination o! services6 notice. And *eep this to yourse#ves...rumour has it that the S too wi## be struc* o!! the ro##s. i #oathe to thin* what S wi## !ee# when he hears this bit o! se#! de!eating news. 3;5 #essons W-LL stic* to the origina# | i6d #i*e to be#ieve that she , i mean$ !ee#s sa!e and protected with us. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson ?. 1eet our e"uberant 7agadeeshaha When we entered our Sans*rit c#ass !or the very !irst time, we were greeted very enthusiastica##y by an energetic and bubb#y youngster ca##ed 7agadeesh. He spo*e on#y in Sans*rit but in the space o! a !ew minutes, we !igured out what was happening. 7ust by as*ing (uestions and answering them himse#! and with e"aggerated gestures and an in!ectious smi#e,$our vocabu#ary jumped up !rom +ero to !ive. &o *iddin6. %a*e a #oo*... He #oo*ed at 1a#a and said.. S: | 1y name is 7agadeesh.$ - S: | - am 7agadeesh.$ z ? Who are you? ....z is the respect!u# !eminine !orm o! you as in the Hindi o..... @ !eminine who$ z: ? What is your name?$ 1a#a answered | - | 7agadeesh ne"t pointed to 8haitanya. z :| Who are you?$ (z @ mascu#ine o .....: @ mascu#ine who$ z: ? What is your name?$ 8haitanya answered - : | :| 3ur 7agadeesh grabbed 8haitanya by the shou#der and said : : %his is 8haitanya$ and pointing to a man seated some distance away as*ed.... : : ? who is he?$ 8haitanya answered : :| He is 5avi $ 7agadeesh then said... | %his is 1a#a$ and to 1a#a said...: : | %his is 8haitanya$ Pointing to 5avi and Saraswati seated some distance away,$ : : ? ? : : | | 7agadeesh ne"t ca##ed out to 5avi... ? Who is she?$ 5avi answered | | %his is Saraswati. %hat is 1a#a$ Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Those sitting close to you are : or (depending on whether it is a man or a woman.) Those at a distance from you are : or (ditto) :ame !or a game? Aou are Suraj. &e"t to you are seated 5am and Sita. Away !rom you are La*shmi and Shibi yup, the same person in the dove and eag#e story ...and !or those o! you who want to *now the story, write to me$ -ntroduce yourse#! to the others and then as* the others their names. Listen to their answers and then introduce each one to the other. Pay specia# attention to when z: and when z: are used. Lesson ?. and we are socia#i+ing in Sans*rit a#ready,, Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson B. A!!ronted S spea*s up. 0ears a##, - was going through the #essons that have a#ready been sent to you and - can6t be#ieve that - have not been given my due. Let me introduce myse#!. - am S go$. - am a root word ca##ed a s and #i*e my other !riends, spea*$, o readC study$, eat$, write$ etc, - am e"treme#y versati#e. 2y the simp#e addition o! su!!i"es or pre!i"es, - can become a verb, or a noun, or an adverb, or an adjective....And that is !ar more than the visargas and the anusvaras o! this wor#d can even hope to be. - thin* - better introduce you very gent#y to my mu#ti!aceted persona#ity. 2y the way, chec* out de!initions !or verbs, nouns, adverbs , adjectives and grammatica# whatchamaca##its in the co#umn to your #e!t.$ %o ma*e me into a verb, you have to use my avataar SZ | Add di!!erent su!!i"es ca##ed o s and hey presto - am ready to be used, Loo* at the !o##owing sentences, a## in the present tense and you wi## see what - mean. 1y !riends have a#so chipped in to he#p. : SZ | : | : o | : | : | He goes. He spea*s He reads He eats He writes SZ | | o | | | She goes She spea*s She reads She eats She writes SZ | | o | | | -t goes -t spea*s -t reads -t eats -t writes :SZ | : | : o | : | : | SZ | | o | | | Aup, the is added to the root verb, which ma*es it compatib#e with he, she, it, and with any name whether mascu#ine or !eminine 2;% Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 SZ | | o | | | Aou go Aou spea* Aou read Aou eat Aou write A&0 - SZ | - | - o | - | - | - go - spea* - read - eat - write 1. 0o you see how the same su!!i" o $ has been added to a## the s s to ma*e the verb compatib#e with a particu#ar subject? '. is #oya# to :, and or !or that matter to, say, , s, :, :, o , : etc. s o - ...gettit?$ 4. is #oya# on#y to A&0 is #oya# on#y to - | <. P#ease note that it is SZ and not SZ | %here is an added to the s be!ore the o is added. ?. SZ conveys both meanings .goes. and .is going. B. %hus you can sa!e#y trans#ate - as - spea* and - am spea*ing. D. A#so, i! you notice, since is #oya# to - , - can simp#y say and the message that - am the one who is spea*ing and &3 3&/ /LS/, has been conveyed. 0itto with ...the minute - say.. , it6s A3; who are eating and &3 3&/ /LS/. - do not have to even mention the - or the | %he though, does need a speci!ied subject. 5e!er to ' !or reasons why$ 9nowing this, you can now ma*e two word sentences in Sans*rit using -, , :, and .Let me provide you with a !ew more . everyday. s s. - #augh, o coo*, protect, namas*aar to sa#ute.$ &ow , i! you noticed, S yours tru#y$ becomes SZ be!ore the su!!i"es are added. A## the rest remain the same. Simi#ar#y, two very important s s .. o drin*$ becomes o and see$ becomes o. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Hence!orth, i! the s 6s !orm must be changed be!ore it can be used, the usab#e !orm wi## be given in brac*ets egE S (SZ) or o ( o ). ;se o (o ) and (o) too to ma*e some more two word sentences. -! you !ind this #esson di!!icu#t or need c#ari!ication o! any *ind, p#ease do not hesitate to write. %hese guys out here can6t wait to be use!u#. 2esides, they have to impress their teacher Smt. %arangini 9hot. A Sans*rit wi+ard, i! you as* me. 2esides having a post graduate degree and a 2./d. !or good measure$ she spea*s and thin*s FLUENTL Y in Sans*rit. %his may be my coming out ba##, my debut, but honest#y, - have no troub#e sharing the #ime#ight with %arangini. 3n the contrary, - am honoured. 1ore ne"t wee*. A## #ove, S | Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson D. Present ing the entire present tense dea#. %hou sha#t not press the panic button. Panic 2utton. %hou sha#t te## thyse#!,. So what, i! Sans*rit has not just a singu#ar and a p#ura# but a dua# as we## , . o: | %hey two study. o: | Aou two study. o: | We two study. %hou sha#t reassure thyse#!, .%han* the good Lord that we do not need to #earn a trip#e,. o | 2oo*s, just boo*s. Here, my dears, is the wor*s. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 S to go$ the present tense.$ - Singu#ar 0ua# P#ura# : He %wo He s 1any He s She %wo She s : 1any She s -t %wo -t s 1any -t s SZ SZ: SZ / / / Aou Aou two A## o! you SZ SZ: SZ -/ - / / - We two A## o! us SZ SZ: SZ: 1. 3n#y the oo has distinct words based on gender. Phew,,$ 1@ 1ascu#ine. )@ )eminine. &@&euter. '. %he oo contains within it ALL the nouns and pronouns in the who#e wide wor#d /F8/P% !or you, you two, a## o! you, -, two o! us , a## o! us. %here!ore.... 4. When the verbs o! the s and the , are used, the subject need not be given. )or e"amp#e, i! - say :, the subject can be none but . -t is on#y !or the o , that the subject has to be speci!ied. <. 5e!er to Lesson ', on when - is used and when - | ?. %his sty#e o! presentation is what is origina#. Here the !irst pre!erence, in true a#truistic sty#e, is given to he, she and it. %hese Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 become the !irst person. Aet *nowing that the 0ivine Aatman resides in onese#!, one re!ers to onese#! as the ,o| B. %o ma*e Sans*rit avai#ab#e to a generation a#ready accustomed to /ng#ish grammar, the sty#e that you see in various te"t boo*s wi## be the other way around where , is re!erred to as the oo ..!irst person, the s is re!erred to as o ...the second person, and the third person is ca##ed the o ...where, in this tab#e, is the o. So certain te"ts wi## have the tab#e the way it is written here and certain other te"ts wi## have it .upsidedown. D. -t doesn6t rea##y matter which way you #earn it as #ong as the right !orm o! verb is used with the right subject. 2rain %easer....-n the second stan+a o! the bhajan o o, who is the subject? What is the verb?-gnore the other words that have not been taught as yet.$ %hose o! you who do not *now the bhajan, here are the words.... S s | /"ercise...;sing the given tab#e as a guide, use the correct !orm o! the verb given in brac*ets and trans#ate the !o##owing .. 1. He spea*s. ( ) '. We two eat. ( ) 4. A## o! them )eminine$ see. ( - o ) <. o | ?. | B. o: | :o over the tab#e at #east twice a day !or the ne"t !ew days and you wi## see how easi#y you wi## begin to match the verb with its subject. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 %he tab#es !or the s s , o , , , - , o , , , o ( o ), ( o ) are a## there !or your ready re!erence in the inde". Have tit#ed it .=erb conjugations in the present tense.. 1ay i #end you a shou#der? When i !irst #anded up with this memori+ing process, i wasn6t too sure i cou#d do it... i had #e!t schoo# years ago. 2ut once i got started, my #earning abi#ity adapted itse#! to my new re(uirements. 3nce you remove the . - can6t, . b#oc* !rom your mind, the words begin to !#ow. ;se the words o!ten during the day, it ma*es it simp#er. When !aced with a #imited vocabu#ary, i have even constructed sentences #i*e "- mi#*am boi ," to connect the right verb o s with its subject. %ry it. -t6s !un. 3nce you are more or #ess com!ortab#e with this, we can move onto our ne"t set o! #essons. %i## we meet again, . Adios Amigos,. *************************** Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson D A. .:ender and Person combinations.. Sushma &ad*arni !rom Austra#ia, had a very interesting (uestion to as*. What subject !orm does one use, or , i! you want to say ,.%hey two go, . A&0, i! one person is a man and the other a woman? 3*ey 0o*ey ,....here is what happens...2y the way, a subject is the one who per!orms the action in a sentence.$ 5;L/S %HA% APPLA %3 A&0$ &3%/ E %here are two ways in which and $ is added in a sentence. List a## the objects and add a!ter the #ast #isted object. )or e"amp#eE %he cat, dog, e#ephant, mouse p#ay. %his is the most common usage and is %H/ P5/)/55/0 one whi#e conversing. Put the in between a## #isted objects. )or e"amp#eE %he cat dog e#ephant mouse p#ay. 1usica#, but a mouth!u#,,, )i#e this usage, correct but rare, away in your memory ban*. 2ac* to Sushma6s (uery. When the two are a man and a woman, the 1ascu#ine !orm o! the pronoun a#ways ta*es the pre!erence. So one can say SZ: | )or a## the !eminists out there, there6s a way out. Say instead >>> : SZ: | : : | %he dua# !orm o! the verb is used to match with the two subjects. :ottit? : : | %he p#ura# !orm o! the verb with more than two subjects. Sometimes one may come across a sentence #i*e. . -n him neither c#ean#iness, nor character nor truth e"ists.. %he verb HAS to be singu#ar. %here!ore, even though the sentence contains three Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 subjects, the verb !orm HAS to be singu#ar. : | ( + ) the root !orm meaning . be .. What i! you have subjects !rom two or three di!!erent o s ? -n that case, use the dua# or the p#ura# !orm o! the verb depending on the number o! subjects$ and give pre!erence to , o !irst , then to s o and #ast o! a## to o o. )or e"amp#e... 1. - SZ: | Since there are two peop#e, use the dua# !orm o! the verb. Since , o !eatures in the sentence, use the dua# !orm o! the verb !or the , o. '. : - SZ: | P#ura# !orm A&0 , o | 4. : SZ: | 0ua# And s. <. SZ | P#ura# And s | 5;L/S %HA% APPLA %3 35$ %he verb matches the subject that you p#ace #ast in your sentence. - SZ | - SZ | - SZ | Aup, pre!ers to be between a## the words and at the end....he insists on ma*ing his presence !e#t,$ - must than* Sushma !or her (uestion. %his got me a reading and a re!erring again. %his *ind o! interaction bui#ds a (uic*er, greater and a very .use!u# understanding .o! the #anguage, don6t you thin*? /verybody bene!its. A## (uestions are we#come. Loo*ing !orward to active participation !rom a## o! you. And a very . :6dai to you mate,. GGGGGGGGGGGG Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson D 2. Sans*rito!ying /ng#ish,,, Something happened a !ew days ago...something that !i##ed my heart with deep appreciation, pride and hope... &imish ;bhaya*ar, a !i!teen year o#d, born and brought up in the ;.9., wrote to us. 0eep#y interested in -ndia and Her cu#ture, he #earnt the 0evanagiri script to be ab#e to #earn Sans*rit. With young peop#e #i*e him, we can be assured that the !uture o! Sans*rit #ies in good and caring hands. Lesson D. seems to need !urther e"p#anations. So here goes... )irst #et6s get a !ew concepts abso#ute#y c#ear... Lesson B. dea#t with the introduction o! a root word ca##ed a s H A s is the most !#e"ib#e thing in the universe. -t is the basic !orm o! a verb and can be converted into a noun or an adjective etc. by the addition o! pre!i"es and su!!i"es. Let us just concentrate on the verb aspect !irst. %he others wi## be introduced by and by. -n /ng#ish we have a singu#ar and a p#ura#.... 2oy. 2oys. A boy goes. 2oys go. Sans*rit has an additiona# .dua# . besides a singu#ar and a p#ura#. So we have...a boy goes, two boys go and many boys go. 7ust as in /ng#ish where the verb has to match the subject .2oys goes. is an abso#ute how#er.$ in Sans*rit too, the verbs HA=/ to match the subject . &ow that Sans*rit has an additiona# dua#, we need separate verb !orms to distinguish the dua#s !rom the singu#ars and the p#ura#s. %o understand grammar better, Sans*rit verbs are a#ways shown in a tabu#ar !orm. =ertica##y they denote .&umber. and hori+onta##y the .person.. Let6s ta*e a pee* at the tab#e again . %he present tense S to go$ words that mean the Present %ense.$ o Person Singu#ar o SZ s , Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 9eep the S tab#e that has ear#ier been given in Lesson D. a#ongside this one and begin to compare the two. %hese concepts shou#d come through c#ear#y... 1. /very noun and pronoun in the dictionary !a## into the o ...whether cat ,dog, museums, two cobs o! corn , many !ish, one bird, two rats. %hese verbs wi## there!ore be used !or the third person... ;se SZ with singu#ar !orms o! A&A noun. ;se SZ: with dua# !orms o! A&A noun. ;se SZ with p#ura# !orms o! A&A noun. )or e"amp#e...3ne cat SZ . %wo cats SZ: .%hree or more cats SZ | Aes, the noun !orm .cat. is written di!!erent#y !or one cat, two cats and three or more cats...but that wi## be e"p#ained in Lesson I. )or the moment, combine /ng#ish and Sans*rit to .remember. which verb !orm goes with which subject !orm. Simi#ar#y...one tadpo#e , two tadpo#es : and three or more tadpo#es | to swim$ being the s | '. Aou, two o! you, three or more o! you ....these !a## into the s | %he subject is so speci!ic here that just by #oo*ing at the word the su!!i" is the indicator$ i *now that it is you who are eating and nobody e#se. -! i say :, the su!!i" : indicates .two o! you.. 4. %here!ore since both s and , have predetermined subjects, i needn6t add the subject at a## in my sentences. -! i say .sing. it is unc#ear as to who is singing...i? you? we?...but i! i say S, the te##s me that .- am singing.. <. %o identi!y the verb !orms, you must #oo* at its tai# end. 8atch a ho#d o! the su!!i"... is it , :, , , :, , , :, : ...and then !igure out who the subject is. &ow #et6s tease the brain teaser in Lesson D. into giving us a so#ution... Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 S s | te##s you that the one who is per!orming the namas*aar is none but .-.. Simp#e. ;se these verb su!!i"es with their matching subjects to !orm Sans*ritC/ng#ish sentences...unti# our vocabu#ary grows.- sing , meditate , two e#ephants trumpet:, 1other coo*, )ather snore | ...sentences #i*e that , ti## the verb su!!i"es> subject combinations have more or #ess been memori+ed. :o on to the ne"t #esson. 3nce you have !inished reading Lesson I and Lesson I A, come bac* to Lesson D, things wi## begin to ma*e sense then. -! you are sti## in a soup, write to the che! yours tru#y$. Let6s see i! i can tease my brain into coming up with better e"p#anations, Loo*ing !orward to your !eedbac*. GGGGGGG Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson I. -nsights into z s Have a #oo* at these two sentences... %he cat drin*s mi#*. 1i#* drin*s the cat. -n most #anguages, the minute the words are shi!ted around, the meaning o! the sentence changes. Sans*rit is musica#. -t is rhythmic. A#most everything that we have in our shastras , our scriptures, our te"ts, are a## set to a particu#ar metre in the !orm o! poetry. We needed the !reedom to be ab#e to put words in any order in a sentence, without any changes to the meaning o! what had to be conveyed. %he on#y way to ensure that was to convert a preposition into a su!!i", a o, and then add that to the noun. %he noun p#us the preposition>turned> into> su!!i" became a comp#ete#y new word whose meaning became crysta# c#ear. A preposition is a word in a sentence that shows the re#ationship between two or more nounsCpronouns. )or e"amp#e.. She sat under a tree. 9rishna spo*e to 5aghava. %hey p#ayed with bats and ba##s. What we essentia##y do in Sans*rit is write the word .under tree. as .treeunder., .to 5aghava . as .5aghavato. and .with bats and ba##s. as .batsba##swith. %he subject6s word !orm, as in the one per!orming the action, remains unchanged. %he changes occur with the other noun or pronoun in the sentence with whom the subject see*s to estab#ish a re#ationship. 8#arity any c#earer??,, $ -t was a #ong time ago. %he ear#y morning was vibrant in the si#ence o! meditation. %he 5ishi 2udha*aushi* had disappeared within himse#!. %he Lord Shiva, in His in!inite grace, gave to the 5ishi the 5amara*sha stotra. -n it, is a beauti!u# verse... : ( ) : z | z- : : || o o - | : z - , || &otice how the word appears in many di!!erent !orms in the verse. /ach o! them convey a di!!erent meaning. Let6s go through each one o! them in se(uence. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 : is the subject !orm. becomes the object !orm. means 6by or with 5ama.6 signi!ies 6!or 5ama.6 is 6!rom 5ama.6 conveys the meaning 65ama6s.6 is 6in 5ama.6 And by itse#!, is the !orm the word ta*es when ca##ing out to someone named 5ama. Let us put it in the !orm o! a tab#e to ma*e it easier to re!er to. oquu z - singu#ar dua# p#ura# o subject : object by, with !or o !rom denotes possession$ o in, on s used (-) when ca##ing out to..$ &ow, : is an oquu word. %hat means that it ends in the sound J and is a mascu#ine word. -! you remember, = + %here are #ots o! mascu#ine words that end in . )or e"amp#e, boy$, tree$, S boo*$, ear$, Z student$ besides so many names #i*e , -, etc. Since Sans*rit is so musica#, a## - have to do is ma*e sure that my words rhyme. )or e"amp#e i! - have to say .!rom the boo*,. - #oo* at the word !or .!rom 5ama. -t says, | So there!ore, .!rom the boo*. 7;S% HAS to be S | Simp#e. - can see eyebrows raised over the b#an* spaces !or the dua# and p#ura#s. Are they Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2012 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 needed? Aou can betcha bottom do##ar that they are, What in the wor#d wou#d you say !or . - hear with my two ears ?. 3r !or that matter ,. A## my students !e## as#eep whi#e reading my #esson? . %here!ore, here now is the entire tab#e. oquu 7ust to #oo* at my dears, don6t get !#ustered,$ z - o subject : : object by, with z : !or z z: o !rom z z: shows : possession o in, on : s used (-) (-) (-) : when addressing$ - have tried to show you that certain words are repeated in the tab#e by c#ubbing them together in the same co#our. %hey are used not too o!ten , that is why the need to create new words did not present itse#!. %han* :od !or sma## mercies ...there is so much #ess to memori+e. &ew 8oncepts taught in this #e s so n Aou can arrange the words in any manner in a Sans*rit sentence. Let me give you some concrete e"amp#es.. : | : | : | : | : | : | A## these sentences mean e"act#y the same thing, 5ama does &amas*aar to Shiva. Since 5ama does the action, the 5ama is pic*ed !rom the o z | Since Shiva is the object to whom the namas*aar is done, you use the z !orm which is | A word K a preposition is used in Sans*rit...a word is &/=/5 used by itse#!. -! - use the word , you may sa!e#y assume that - am ca##ing out to 5am. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 -! - intend using 5am as the object o! my adoration , - 1;S% use the word | -! 5am is the person per!orming the action, - must use the word : | Hope these two concepts have been dea#t with c#ear#y in this #esson. -n a #ighter vein ... Here is a #itt#e #imeric* that might amuse you. %he study o! Sans*rit shou#d not ma*e one tense. )or, #oo* at the sentence, .the birds sat on the !ence.. -! you mi" up the words, -n the end, put the birds, -n Sans*rit, it wi## sti## ma*e sense, ****************** Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson I A . 5ein!orcing =ibha*tis. - remember going into a comp#ete ti++y when !irst introduced to the vibha*ti idea. - as*ed more (uestions than a ta#*ative !our year o#d. Luc*i#y !or me, %arangini had the patience o! a growing pear#. Here is what - gathered in an oyster. %a*e a #oo* at the S present tense verb tab#e. 2esides the conjugations o! the verb, the matching subject !orms are a#so given. -gnore the verb !orms and just concentrate on the subject !orms. %he tab#e is bro*en hori+onta##y into three o s. 0ivide the #ot comp#ete#y as so...
Singu#ar 0ua# : He %wo He s She %wo She s -t %wo -t s / / Aou Aou two -/ - / - We two &ow #et6s concentrate on the o o.
Singu#ar 0ua# Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2012 Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 o M : He %wo He s 1any He s :, -:, S:| F She %wo She s : 1any She s , :, N -t %wo -t s 1any -t s S-, , At the ris* o! sounding terrib#y repetitious and boring.. 1. %he o o accommodates every sing#e noun and pronoun in the dictionary e"cept !or those o! the s and the , . '. %here!ore, : SZ, S: SZ, SZ, SZ, S- SZ, SZ . 7ust as there are oquu words #i*e , etc, there are , oquu words #i*e S, z sun$, chi#d$, s etc... and there are ] oquu words #i*e , -, S etc... 1. A## oquu words are dec#ined #i*e made to rhyme #i*e$ | 2. A## , oquu words are dec#ined #i*e S | 3. A## ] oquu words are dec#ined #i*e - | , oquu words and ] oquu words are dec#ined di!!erent#y !rom oquu words 2;% the most beauti!u# thing is that Sans*rit a##ows us the !reedom to convert a## words into Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 oquu words and dec#ine them #i*e | )or instance, why not convert S into S or maybe - into ? 1a*es conversation simp#e, %hese antics are a#right in the beginning but eventua##y we wi## have to #earn a## the !orms o! di!!erent words simp#y so that we may recogni+e them in sh#o*as and te"ts. We6## ta*e it easy... i shan6t give you more than you can chew. And that6s a promise.$ Simi#ar#y we have di!!erent ending !eminine words and neuter words. A## rhyming words are dec#ined in the same manner. 2;% remember that a mascu#ine word is rhymed with its mascu#ine counterpartL a !eminine one with its !eminine rhyming counterpartL and a neuter with a neuter. 7ust try and understand this concept. %hings wi## become c#earer as we proceed and i wi## *eep e"p#aining and repeating concepts !or as #ong as you re(uire me to. 7ust hit the !eedbac* button on our Sans*rit page, re#ate your woes and we6## provide instant re#ie!, %he Agony Aunts and ;nc#es here are a prompt #ot. See you ne"t wee*, GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson M . 3! 8aterpi##ars and &on>8aterpi##ars. 1uch as you have been introduced to verbs and nouns that change their shape and si+e at the drop o! a hat, there are some heartwarming, steady ones that never, ever .metamorphosi+e.. Ah, &3W the re!erence to caterpi##ars becomes c#ear, $ Aou can use them with any noun, verb, vibha*ti, gender, tense, you name it, they ho#d their own, in a changing wor#d. %hey are ca##ed s. Let6s go through a group o! them in every #esson . /ng#ish what here there !rom>where where a## together everywhere e#sewhere So - can accurate#y say - SZ | SZ | : SZ | : SZ | SZ: | ....and so on and so !orth. Having introduced our &on> 8aterpi##ars, sha## we get !ami#iar with our 8aterpi##ars? -n a sentence such as . 5am is eating a #adoo,. %he 5am is the subject. %here!ore you pic* the word 5am !rom the o z | : | %he verb is . is eating. and HAS to !o##ow the subject. Since : is !rom the oo %hird Person Singu#ar...according to /ng#ish :rammar$ the verb a#so has to be !rom the oo ... | Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 %he object that is being gobb#ed up is the #adoo ( ...the root word$ %he object !orm o! the word is ... %here!ore the sentence becomes.. : | 8L;/E Whenever a sentence is constructed or trans#ated, grab !or dear #i!e$ the verb and its subject. %H/& add the rest o! the words to comp#ete the sentence. Let6s add an . : | 5am is eating a #adoo here. : | 5am is eating a #adoo there. Let6s change the subject A&0 a#ong with it, the verb. - | - am eating a #adoo here. - | - am eating a #adoo there. | Aou are eating a #adoo e#sewhere.Probab#y averse to sharing it. $ | Aou are eating a #adoo everywhere.0on6t even try and imagine it.$ &ew 8oncept is a mascu#ine word. Whenever i introduce &/W mascu#ine words to you, i sha## put an 1$ ne"t to it. neuter words wi## be introduced with an &$ and !eminine words with an )$. %o use them in sentences, change the word according to the z tab#e to inc#ude a preposition $ 5u#es that must be !o##owed. 1. %he verb HAS to agree with the , the subject. - SZ is an abso#ute no no. '. %he conjugation8hanges in a verb !orm$ o! the verb in its various !orms remains the same !or a## three genders. %he verb is bound by o person and number, not by gender. Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 : , , , | 4. %he subject ALWAAS is in the o z and the object is ALWAAS in the | S e#ephant, 1 $ #addoo, 1$ S: is trans#ated as %he e#ephant is eating a #addoo. S : is ... %he #adoo is eating an e#ephant. %hou s ha#t tread this path with care . &ew 8oncept Whenever you use S in its verb, or other yet to be introduced !orms, the p#ace to where the .going to. happens ALWAAS is in the z| /asier to say, add the or the anuswaar to wherever you are going to.$ - SZ | S: SZ | : S- SZ | SZ - | %he !aith!u# sha## !o##ow me into so#ving the e"ercises in Lesson M A. GGGGGG Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson M A .../"ercises in sentence bui#ding. Let6s bui#d a vocabu#ary now. %he ending mascu#ine ( oquu ) noun " " has a#ready been introduced. We wi## wor* with just the !irst two vibha*tis today. Subse(uent #essons wi## introduce one vibha*ti at a time. %ime now t o introduce a new concept .... Whenever new verbs are introduced, the o o wi## be given in brac*ets a#ongside the s | )or e"amp#e, ( o )| A## you have to do is separate the word o into o + and understand that the usab#e verb !orm is the !irst part o! the word. Aou can bui#d an entire present tense tab#e based on this by the addition o! o s su!!i"es$ as so.. (o ) to see present tense $ o - Person Singu#ar 0ua# P#ura# o o o: o s o o: o , o o: o: )or (uic* re!erence to he#p you do the e"ercises, are the !irst two 0 oquu z - o subject : : object Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 0o you have a noteboo* , a penci# and a H;:/ eraser ready? %hen #et6s gettagoin6 , &ouns C Pronouns. =erbs. Avyayas. : he z ( z to be$ two he s o (o to read or study$, a## the he s S ( SZ to go$
( 1) - (-- - to #augh$ ] ( 1) boy 1$ man 1$ o *ing 1$ schoo# 1$ S vi##age 1$ /"amp#e sentences. 1. He is reading. : o | '. %hose two men are reading. o: | 5eca##...A## nouns and pronouns e"cept !or the , , , -, , and !a## into the o o H %here!ore #ogica##y, two men HA=/ to be matched with o: the dua# o o verb. And since there are two men, the word !or two men HAS to rhyme with which ma*es it | Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 4. What is happening there? z? Whatever is happening a#so !a##s into the o o | Since it appears to be singu#ar, z is used. <. %he boy is going there. : SZ | %ry doing the rest on your own. Answers are provided in Lesson M2. 2ut you sha## be honest and ta*e a pee* on#y a!ter you have tried comp#eting the e"ercise. %rans#at e . 1. He is reading. '. He is #aughing there. 4. %he boy is going to schoo#. <. 5am is going to the vi##age. ?. %he *ing is going e#sewhere. B. Where is the boy #aughing? D. 5am and -shwar are studying 5e!er to #esson D A$. I. 5am is namas*aaring !or #ac* o! an appropriate word,$ -shwar. M. %he two are reading here. 1N. %wo boys are #aughing. 11. %wo men are going to the vi##age. 1'. %wo boys are going to schoo#. 14. A## the boys are #aughing. 1<. A## the men are going to the vi##age. 1?. A## the boys are namas*aaring 5am. 1B. 5am is namas*aaring a## the boys. 8orrect these sente n ces. 1. : o:| '. : o | 4. o | Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 <. o | ?. : - | B. : SZ | D. : S: SZ | I. o | M. o | Seems more than enough !or a !irst time session. Wi## see you ne"t wee*. 2y the way, you may ta*e that pee* now. Aou have my b#essings. ****************** Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Lesson M 2. Answers to (uestions in Lesson M A 1. He is reading. : o | '. He is #aughing there. : -| 4. %he boy is going to schoo#. : SZ| <. 5am is going to the vi##age. : S SZ| ?. %he *ing is going e#sewhere. o: SZ | B. Where is the boy #aughing? : - ? D. 5am and -shwar are studying. : ]: o:| I. 5am is namas*aaring -shwar. : ] | M. %he two are reading here. o:| 1N. %wo boys are #aughing. -:| 11. %wo men are going to the vi##age. S SZ: | 1'. %wo boys are going to schoo#. SZ: | 14. A## the boys are #aughing. : - | 1<. A## the men are going to the vi##age. : S SZ | 1?. A## the boys are namas*aaring 5am. : | 1B. 5am is namas*aaring a## the boys. : | 8orrected senten c es . 1. : o: | : o | '. : o | o| 4. o | o:| <. o | o| ?. : - | : -| B. : SZ | : SZ | D. : S: SZ | : S SZ | I. o | o| M. o | o | How was the goin6 ? Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1 Summing up 1onth 1. What you wou#d have achieved at the end o! 1onth 1. 9now... When to use and when to use an | How to correct#y write a word with s. How to correct#y pronounce or an ending word depending on what #etter !o##ows it. %hat nouns and pronouns may be mascu#ine, !eminine or neuter. %hat nouns, pronouns and verbs can be singu#ar, dua# or p#ura#. %hat a## .same ending. mascu#ine words are dec#ined a#i*e. 0itto !or same ending !eminine words. 0itto neuter. Su!!i"es have to be added to a verb root !orm to match the subject. %hat nouns or pronouns have to be attached to a preposition be!ore they can be used. %hat the subject is pic*ed !rom the o z| %hat the object is pic*ed !rom the z | %hat Sans*rit verbs are so !ami#iar simp#y because we use them everyday when spea*ing our own mother tongue. %hat wherever is the p#ace that one is going to, the p#ace !a##s in the z | %hat is, it ends in a or an | %hat s are words that do not change their !orm. And that6s tremendous progress, i! i do say so myse#!, ******************** Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 www.chitrap u rm ath.ne t