Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2
DavideAguglia
CERN
Baden(CH)
8
th
May2014
DefinitionofPowerConvertersI&II
abasicintroduction
Outline
3
Power electronic converter definitions
Power electronics applications
Principles in power electronics
Power converter elements and rules
Main topologies overview
Galvanic insulation
Implications of technology limitations
Power converter design procedure
Conclusion
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
i
n
2
h
o
u
r
s
)
Efficiency, cost, volume, EMI,, specs
Components
design and/or
specifications
(analytical or
numerical
approaches)
Numerical
verification of
selected topology
(dedicated numerical
simulations for general
converter functionality)
Laboratory tests
3D Mechanical
integration &
construction
On site
commissioning
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
Example: Inverse reasoning from spec
75
Power converter design procedure
Wehavetofeedamagnet:L
mag
=500H,R
mag
=3m
Therequiredcurrentis:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 10
3
800
600
400
200
0
200
400
600
800
Time [s]
I
m
a
g
[
A
]
I
max
=750A
I
min
=750A
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
Whatkindofconverteryouneed?
Converterassociation?
Switchestechnology?
Need of some kind of simplified
pre-design evaluation
Example: Inverse reasoning from spec
76
Power converter design procedure
Firststepistoderivetheoutputvoltageoftheconverter.Ifrequiredadd
cablesinductanceandresistance
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 10
3
1000
500
0
500
1000
Time [s]
I
m
a
g
[
A
]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 10
3
400
200
0
200
400
Time [s]
V
o
u
t
[
V
]
Ok,somethinglikethis:
Probablyonlyonebridgeis
enough,currentok1200V
or1700VIGBT?WellDCbus
at600to700Vshouldbe
okthen1200VIGBT(can
switchfaster!)
M
A
G
N
E
T
L
HF
C
HF
Example: Inverse reasoning from spec
77
Power converter design procedure
Talkingaboutswitchingweforgottoaskwhatisthemaximumallowable
currentrippletothemagnetguy!
(Followingdiscussioncomesfrompersonalexperience,maybedifferentforyou!)
MagnetGuy:Ineed10ppmmaxrippleinthemagneticfield!
PowerEng:Well,ok,butwhatistherippleincurrentthen?
MagnetGuy:Ineedtocheck,isthisspecsoimportant?
PowerEng:Itisoneofthemostimportant!Itgoesfromeasytounfeasible!
MagnetGuy:Pleasemakeaproposalofwhatyouthinkisreasonableforyou,
youknow,inthepastthatmagnetwassuppliedbyanice,ripplefree,
capacitordischargesupply,nowyoucomewithyournewstuffandinsert
harmonicseverywhereandourmagnethastofilterthem(heispartially
right).
PowerEng:Iunderstandgivemeaweekandwillgetbacktoyou,cheers!
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
Example: Inverse reasoning from spec
78
Power converter design procedure
Ok,ripplecanbefiltered,butthefilterwillslowdownthedynamicsandI
dontknowifwecanfollowthecurrentshapeprecisely
Ohno!!!!Whatstheprecision(stability)theywant!
Magnetguy:1%isfine!
Firsthintonripple:mustbelowerthan1%!(becareful,insomecasesthe
specificationofstabilityorripplemaybeafunctionoffrequency)
Ok,letsfixtherippleto0.5%,shouldbeok.
Howdoweevaluatethisquickly?Trial&errormethod?Optimization?No,
wedidntfollowallcoursesyetletsdosomethingterriblysimplified!
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
Assumeasinusoidalcurrentrippleof5%,thenthemaxvoltagerippletobe
appliedtothemagnetis:
I
out,p
= i
mux
ripplc 2n
sw
I
mug
= 7Su A S% 2n
sw
Suu pE
= u.u118
sw
Example: Inverse reasoning from spec
79
Power converter design procedure
Ok,iff
sw
=10kHz,V
out,rip
=118V.Canbeeasilysimulated!
HowdoIselectthefilter?
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 10
3
1000
500
0
500
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x 10
3
500
0
500
From extremely simple simulation
L
HF
C
HF
+V
DC
-V
DC
At switching frequency f
sw
, the
filter must attenuate at -26dB
2u log
10
I
out,p
4
n
,
2I
C
4/ from
Fourier
Example: Inverse reasoning from spec
80
Power converter design procedure
Howmanydecadesdownwillthefiltercuttingfrequencybe?
Whereisthisfrequency?
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
JccJ =
26JB
4uJB
= u.6S uecaues
c
=
sw
1u
-dccd
= 2.24 kEz
f
G
f
sw
f
c
-26dB
f
c
decd
-40dB/dec
Enough open-loop bandwidth?
probably not, what actions are
required? Increase f
sw
? Interleave then?
Increase filter order? Ask for a more
precise spec to magnet guy?...live
discussion
Conclusion
81
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia
multidomain and integrated approach which justifies the importance of next
lectures!
Converters
Power
Converters
Solid-state
physics
Circuit
theory
Systems and
control theory
Signal
Processing
Electronics
Electromagnetism
Power
Systems
Load
Modelling
Simulation and
computing
Thank you for your attention!
82
CAS on Power converters 2014 Dr. D. Aguglia