Hydropower,Irrigation,WaterSupplyandCombinedDamProjects

RecommendedSoftwarePackages
Intendedtodesignsafe,operableandenvironmentallyfriendly,damschemes

Theavailableprojectsholdingandengineeringpublicationsusedasasourcematerial

AuthoredBy:Z.Smiljkovic,ASCEPE

August,2013

Preface

Inwidespreadofevents,thedamsare,orwereintendedtobecompositeandmultipurposestructures.
Retainingofrivercoursesthusformingthepondswhichwouldservetheagriculture,domesticwater
supply,industrialwatersupplythenhydroelectricityproductionremaintobevitalinviewofeconomic
growthofmanycountries.Sometimes,theyareusedforfloodprotectionofdownstreamagricultural
lands,thesettlementsandthecities.

Upontheyoperation,thedamsaredefinedasstructuralandwaterresourcesschemeswhichare
interlacedandmergedintooneterm,whichiscalleddamsengineering.There,structuralgeotechnical
aspectsandhydraulicaspectsaregoverningbothfornewlydevelopedandforthosetoberetrofitted.
Thelattermaybealignedwithnowadaysimpactsofclimatechangestoriverdischargeswhich
increasedfluctuationsmay,tolowerorgreaterextentaffectthepresentlyororiginallydesigneddam
heads,thenthedischargecapacityoftheassociatedspillways,bottomoutlets,poweroutletsandflash
outlets.Contingenttowatershedgeomorphologythentheratioofpondvolumetoannualwatershed
runoff,thesiltationofthepondsmaybelessormoreproneto.

Theforegoingphenomenacanbesuccessfullyemulatedandthenresearchedbymeansofsoftware
appropriatedtostructural,geotechnicalandhydraulicengineering.Thesameappliestosafetyaspects
relativetoaccidentaldamsbreak.

Itwastheauthorstrialtosynthesizethescaleofthesoftwarenowadaysbeinginusefordamprojects.

DamEngineeringSoftware

StabilityandStressAnalysisofStructures

01 PHASE8
2DAnalysisofseepagethroughfoundationsanddams.2DStabilityanalysescombiningsolidseepagemodelsfor
staticandquasistaticconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.DamFoundationinteractionmodel.
PHASE2

02 PLAXIS
3DAnalysisofseepagethroughfoundationsanddams.3DStabilityanalysescombiningsolidseepagemodelsfor
staticanddynamicconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.DamFoundationinteractionmodel.
PLAXIS
03
EarthfillDams
Containingmore
than50%ofearth
material
Static and
dynamic
analysis.
Seepage
analysis
FLAC3D
3DStabilityanalysesforstaticanddynamicconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.DamFoundation
interactionmodel.
FLAC3D

04 QUAD4
Computerprogramforevaluatingtheseismicresponseofsoilstructuresbyvariabledampingfiniteelement
procedures.SuitableforFaceslabrockfillinteractionanalysis.Link003/259
QUADE4
05 PHASE8
2DAnalysisofseepagethroughfoundationsanddams.2DStabilityanalysescombiningsolidseepagemodelsfor
staticandquaystaticconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.DamFoundationinteractionmodel.
PHASE2

06 PLAXIS
3DAnalysisofseepagethroughfoundationsanddams.3DStabilityanalysescombiningsolidseepagemodelsfor
staticanddynamicconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.DamFoundationinteractionmodel.
PLAXIS
07
E
m
b
a
n
k
m
e
n
t

D
a
m
s

RockfillDams
Containingmore
than50%ofrockfill
material

Static and
dynamic
analysis.
Seepage
analysis
FLAC3D
3DStabilityanalysesforstaticanddynamicconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.DamFoundation
interactionmodel.
FLAC3D

08 ANSYS
2Dand3DStaticAnalysisanddynamicanalysis,includingDamFoundationInteraction.LinearandNonLinear
Analysis.Link003/259p6.
ANSYS
09 CDAMS
Threedimensionalstabilityanalysisofconcretedams.Link003/066/003.

10 CGDAMS
FEMcomputerprogramdesignedespeciallyforconcretegravitydamsstressstrainsanalyses.Link003/066/003. CG-DAMS
11 EAGD84
ChoprasSimplifiedModel,EarthquakeanalysisofgravitydamsLinearelasticbehaviourandtimehistoryground
motion,includinghydrodynamicandfoundationinteraction.2Dmodels.Link003/066/003.Link003/063/032
EADG-84
12 EACD3D
Program(Fok,HallandChopra)3DDamfoundationinteractionmodelincludingcompressibilityofwater.Link
003/068/002.
EACD-3D
14





Structural
& Stability
Analysis
SDOFDA
M2D
Programforcomputinghydrodynamicloading,usingChoprasimplifiedprocedure.Link003/066/003. SDOFDAM-
2D
15
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

G
r
a
v
i
t
y

D
a
m
s

Conventional
Concrete
GravityDams

&

Roller
Compacted
Concrete
GravityDams
Seepage &
Abutments
Stability
PHASE8,
PLAXIS
Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.Porepressureanalyses.Stabilityanalysesofslopesandabutments. PHASE2
PLAXIS

16 ANSYS
2Dand3DStaticAnalysisanddynamicanalysis,includingDamFoundationInteraction.LinearandNonLinear
Analysis.Link003/259p6.
ANSYS
17
Structural
& Stability
Analysis
EACD3D
Program(Fok,HallandChopra)3DDamfoundationinteractionmodelincludingcompressibilityofwater.Link
003/068/002.
EACD-3D
18
B
u
t
t
r
e
s
s

D
a
m
s

Concrete
ButtressDams

Seepage &
Abutments
Stability
PHASE8,
PLAXIS
Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.Porepressureanalyses.


19 EACD3D
Program(Fok,HallandChopra)3DDamfoundationinteractionmodelincludingcompressibilityofwater.Link
003/068/002.
EACD-3D
20 EADAP
2Dand3DStaticAnalysisincludingDamFoundationInteraction.Enhancedarchdamanalysisprogram. Link003/259
p6.
EADAP
21 ADAP88
ComputerProgramforNonlinearEarthquakeAnalysisofConcreteArchDams.CA.Fok,K.L.,andA.K.Chopra(1985).
Link003/259p6.
ADAP-88
22
A
r
c
h

D
a
m
s

ConcreteArch
Dams

Structural
Analysis for
Static and
Dynamic
Conditions
ADSAS
ArchdamsstressanalysesProgramServingpreliminaryanalysisofarchdamsandoftemperaturestressesinArch
Dams.Link003/068/002


23 ANSYS
2Dand3DStaticAnalysisanddynamicanalysis,includingDamFoundationInteraction.LinearandNonLinear
Analysis.Link003/259p6.
ANSYS
24 CGDAMS
FEMcomputerprogramdesignedespeciallyforconcretegravitydamsstressstrainsanalyses.Link003/066/003.

CG-DAMS
25

Buried
Concrete
Structures:
OverflowSpillway,
Stilling Basin,
Chute, Burred Block
of Power House
Structural
Analysis for
Static and
Dynamic
Conditions EAGD84
ChoprasSimplifiedModel,EarthquakeanalysisofgravitydamsLinearelasticbehaviourandtimehistoryground
motion,includinghydrodynamicandfoundationinteraction.2Dmodels.Link003/066/003.Link003/063/032
EADG-84
26 SAP2000
2Dand3DStructuralAnalysisProgram.Link003/259

SAP2000
27

Concrete
AboveSurface
Structures:
Spillway Bridge,
Power House Super-
Structure, Morning
Glory Spillway

Structural
Analysis for
Static and
Dynamic
Conditions
GT
STRUDL
2Dand3DStructuralAnalysisProgram.Link003/066/003

GT STRUDL
28 PHASE8
2DStabilityanalysescombiningsolidseepagemodelsforstaticandquasistaticconditions.LiningRockinteraction
model.
PHASE2

29 PLAXIS
3DStabilityanalysescombiningsolidseepagemodelsforstaticanddynamicconditions.LiningRockinteraction
model.
PLAXIS
30
D
a
m

S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s

Underground
Structures:
BottomOutlets,
Water Ways,
Subsurface Power
House

Structural
Analysis
FLAC3D
3DStabilityanalysesforstaticanddynamicconditions.Analysisofseepagethroughfoundations.LiningRock
interactionmodel.
FLAC3D



31 SAP2000
2Dand3DStructuralAnalysisProgram.Link003/259

SAP2000
32
H
y
d
r
o

M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l

S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s

Metallic
Structures:
Bridge Cranes,
Radial Gates, Roller
Mounted Gates, Jet-
FlowGates, .

Structural
Analysis for
Static and
Dynamic
Conditions
GT
STRUDL
2Dand3DStructuralAnalysisProgram.Link003/066/003

GT STRUDL




HydraulicsofDamPondsandStructures

33 Watershed
Hydrologic
Modeling

WMS is a state-of-the-art
computer program,
which utilizes digital terrain data
to delineate watershed and sub-
basin boundaries and computes
geometric parameters used in
hydrologic modeling.
TR20
HSPF,developedbytheUSGS,simulateshydrologicandwaterqualityprocessesonland
surfaces,streamsandimpoundments.HSPFisgenerallyusedtoassesstheeffectsofland
usechange,reservoiroperations,pointornonpointsourcetreatmentalternatives,flow
diversions,etc.Link011/086,P1299,Link003/237p29

WMS
34 Reservoir
Surcharge
Volume
Reservoir Flood Storage
and Routing
SPREADSHEET
PRGM
HECHMS
Floodroutingusingstoragefunctionandsemigraphicalapproach. Routing&storage
functionincluding:inflowhydrographsurchargestorageoutflowhydrograph(spillways
+outlets) Link003/074

FLOOD
ROUTING
FLOOD
ROUTING1
35
W
a
t
e
r
s
h
e
d

R
e
s
e
r
v
o
i
r

E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g

Reservoir
ActiveVolume
Reservoir Operation Study
& Reservoir Management
SPREADSHEET
PRGM

Activeflowstorage&routingincluding:MYinflowannualdistributioncurve
area/elevationarea/capacitycurvesoutflowannualdistributioncurve(outletsand
spillways).
Link003/086p1252,Link003/237p10


36 Spillways Spillways Hydraulics SPREADSHEET
PRGM
FreeflowSpillways,OgeeSpillways,SideChannelSpillways,ChuteSpillways,Tunnel
Spillways,MorningGlorySpillways.Link003/237p50,p131;Link003/068/107p308
TYPES OF
SPILLWAYS
37 PipeOutlets
ofDams
Pipe Flow Hydraulics AFTFathom
PressurizedFlow,TurbulentFlowregimes.Link003/237p72;Link003/068/107p383, PIPE FLOW1
PIPE FLOW2
AFT.FATHOM
38 Open
Channels
Channel Flow Hydraulics SPREADSHEET
PRGM
Steadyanduniformflowinopenchannels.Link003/237p337,p391;Link003/068/107p383 CHANNEL 1
CHANNEL 2
39 StillingBasins Hydraulics of Stilling
Basins
SPREADSHEET
PRGM
HydraulicproportioningofStillingBasinsaccordingtoBureauofReclamationTests:StillingBasinstype
ItoIV.
Link003/237p138;Link003/068/107p344
BASIN 1
BASIN 2
40 Deflector
Buckets
Hydraulics of Deflector
Buckets
SPREADSHEET
PRGM
DeflectorBucketsandScourdepthproportioning.
Link003/068/107p355
DEFLECTOR 1
DEFLECTOR 2

41 PipesSurge
Pressures
Surge Pressure Analysis AFTImpulse,
Surge5,1996
Evaluationofsurgepressuresinthepipes.
Link003/237p78,
WHAMER 1
WHAMER 2
AFT.IMPULSE
42
D
a
m

S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s

H
y
d
r
a
u
l
i
c
s

Hydraulic
Turbines
Proportioning of Turbines
for HP Plants
TurbnPRO
Version3orlaterdevelopedbyUSDepartmentofEnergy. TurbnPRO


DamBreakAnalysis

43 DAMBARK
Forecastingthefloodinundationmapsfollowingthedambreak.Link003/237p79.

DAMBRK
44
D
a
m

B
r
e
a
k
DamBreaks
andFlooding
Propagation
Dam Break Analysis and
Flood Inundation Maps
SOLAVOF
SOLAVOFmodel(HirtandNicholas,1981),Dambreachnumericalanalysis.
Link003/071/003
SOLA-VOF


References:

The Civil Engineering Handbook, Second Edition. W. F. Chen, J. Y. Richard Liew. CRC Press. 2003.

Link 011/008/001
Federal Guidelines fro DamSafety. Glossary of Terms. April 2004. FEMA.

Link 003/069/171
United States Committee on Large Dams. Updated guidelines for Selecting Seismic parameters for DamProjects. April 1999.

Link 003/259
Design of Arch Dams. A Water Resources Technical Publication. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. 1977.

Link 003/068/107
Introduction to Run-of-River Micro Hydropower and Small Hydropower and Hydro Electric Consultants in the UK Providing Hydro Systems. 2011.

Link 003/184
A Simplified Breaching Model for Cohesive Embankments. Weiming Wu and Yunghee Kang. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress
2011: 2207. Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability ASCE 2011.
Link 003/071/001
Operations, Monitoring and Decommissioning of Dams. A synthesis by CDD Howard of documents prepared for the World Commission on Dams. Final
Version: November 2000.
Link 003/069/135
Modul 1: Hydrometry. 1
st
part: The Hydrometric station. Group Eier-Etsher, Project Regional Center .December 2006.

Link 003/238
Foundation of Engineering Geology. Tony Waltham, PhD. Civil Engineering Department, NottinghamTrent University.

Link 009/023/001
The Guide to mechanical Design. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Hydropower Technical Committee. 1996.

Link 003/215
Hydro Plant, Electrical Systems. David M. Clemen. 1999.

Link 003/216
Geology for Civil Engineers. A. C. McLean, C. D. Gribble, University of Glasgow. 1979.

Link 009/100
Earth and Rokfill Dams, General Design and construction considerations. US army Corps of Engineers, J uly 1994.

Link 003/067/054
Seismic Design Provisions for Roller Compacted Concrete Dams. US army Corps of Engineers.
Link 003/063/032

Response Spectra and Seismic Analysis for Concrete Hydraulic Structures. US army Corps of Engineers, J une 1999.
Link 003/066/043

Engineering and Design of Arch Dams. US army Corps of Engineers, May 1994.
Link 003/068/002

Evaluation and Repair of Concrete Structures. US army Corps of Engineers, J une1995.
Link 003/069/021