Galileo Programme

Status and ongoing

GIOVE
Experimentation

Daniel Navarro-Reyes
GALILEO Project Office (ESA/ESTEC)

EGU General Assembly 2007

Vienna 16 April, 2007 EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 1
 Table of Contents
Development Logic
GIOVE (aka GSTB-v2)
Satellites
Mission Segment
Description
Experimentation
- Signal in Space
ICD
Receiver
Sensor Station
- Clock
characterisation
Methodology
FM4
FM5
Conclusions

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 2

 GALILEO Development Logic

2003 2005 2009 2010-2012

GPS Galileo Galileo In Orbit Galileo Full

Constellation Exp. SV (*2) Validation Operation
Const. (*4) Const. (30)

GSTB GSTB IOV Phase FOC Phase

V1 GIOVE
V2

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 3

 What is the GIOVE Mission ?

• Galileo In Orbit Validation Element

• Objectives

Secure Galileo Frequencies

Provide the first GALILEO Signal-in-Space

Test Payload technology in-orbit, such as the atomic
clocks

Validate signal processing and navigation message
generation and reception

Characterize MEO radiation environment
• Risk Mitigation approach →2 (3) S/C

GIOVE-A by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd

GIOVE-B by ESNIS

(GIOVE-A2 by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd)

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 4

 GIOVE A

• Build by SSTL
• Mass: 614 kg
• Size: 1904 x 1394 x 1670 mm
• 3-axis stabilized: nadir-
pointing + yaw steering
• Power: 633 W used / 744 W
avail.
• 3 Payload chains (A,B,C)
• 2 Rb Clocks (FM4 & FM5) LIMITATIONS
• LRR • Only two frequencies (E1/E5 or
E1/E6) at a time
• Launched on 28 December
2005 on Soyuz + Fregat from
Baikonur
• Control Centre in Guildford
EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 5
 GIOVE B

• Built by ESNIS
• Mass: 495 kg
• Size: 1468 x 1605 x 2735 mm
• 3-axis stabilized: nadir-
pointing + yaw steering
• Power: 767 W used / 1161 W
avail.
• 2 Rb Clocks + 1 H Maser

• Launch on 4th quarter 2007

on Soyuz + Fregat from LIMITATIONS
Baikonur
• LRR smaller than GPS
• Control Centre in Fucino
high elevation passes at night only

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 6

 GIOVE A2

• Build by SSTL
• Design very similar to
GIOVE-A
• ESA has awarded a
contract to SSTL for initial
activities
• Ready for launch in the
second half of 2008
• Launch date will be decided
depending upon GIOVE-A
and GIOVE-B in-orbit
performance

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 7

 GIOVE Mission Segment Drivers

• Acquire and store GIOVE raw

observables
• Process raw data to generate results
(core products)
• Collect Payload and Platform Telemetry
• Support Navigation Message
generation

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 8

GIOVE Mission Overall Architecture

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 9

GIOVE Mission Drivers

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 10

 Signal In Space Experimentation Objectives

• Confirm the feasibility of Galileo signal tracking in real

environment with real Signal In Space for different receiver
environments and user types
• Confirm signal design performance assumptions in terms of:

C/N0

Tracking noise

Static and Dynamic Multipath
• Conduct RF Surveys for Interference Analysis on a global
scale using the 13 Galileo Experimental Sensor Stations
sites

Out Of Band, In Band, Pulsed Interference
• Provide early feedback to the Test User Receiver
developments

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 11

 GIOVE: Provide Experimental Signal in Space

• GIOVE-A SIS is fully representative of

GALILEO SIS:
• RF and Modulations
• Chip Rates and Code Lengths
• Data Rate
• GIOVE-A codes are different from
GALILEO codes
• GIOVE-A Navigation Message not
representative of Galileo
• from structure and contents viewpoint
(demo purpose)

http://www.giove.esa.int/images/userpage/GIOVEA_SISICD.pdf
EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 12
 Galileo Experimental Test Receiver Overview

First output of Galileo Test User Receiver development by Septentrio

All-In-View dual-frequency PolaRx 2 Channels for tracking all
GPS Receiver 6 GIOVE-A channels the modulation, except
AltBOC
+
simulaneously tracks the Dedicated AltBOC
1 AltBOC channel
GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B Channel
Channels for CA-code
9 GPS CA channels
(L1)

Real-Time Monitoring of the Correlation Fct

Output Measurements Logging Capability

IF Samples Logging Capability

Carrier Aiding

PreDetect, PLL & DLL BW user select

Correlator Spacing d=35ns

Bump Jumping & Pulse Blanking

Parallel Acquisition (Matched Filt + FFT)

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 13
Galileo Experimental Test Receiver is operational

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 14

 Code and Carrier
Tracking Noise Performance

• Based on Data minus Pilot

• Code Noise

Good agreement with theoretical curves

Galileo has lower tracking noise than GPS
• Carrier Noise

Independent of modulation scheme
EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 15
 Code Multipath (Static Environment)

• All Galileo signals perform significantly better than GPS-CA

• Worst signal: L1BC
• Best signals: L1A, E6A, and AltBOC
EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 16
 Code Multipath (Static Environment)

• Based on GIOVE infrastructure (GESS)

SIRD is the required performance for Galileo

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 17

 Code Multipath (Kinematic Enviroment)

Rural Rural Urban Motorway

Static Movement Static Movement

GPS-CA 1.19 0.23

L1BC 0.27 0.15 0.40 0.18
E6BC 0.50 0.22
E5a 0.20 0.16
E5b 0.26 0.15
E5AltBOC 0.10 0.11

Standard deviation of code multipath in car tests, meters

• Very large reduction of multipath error when moving.

• No visible difference between modulations, except for AltBOC
which remains slightly better.

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 18

 SIS Experimentation Results

The good Galileo signal performance, previously obtained by simulations

and laboratory tests has been also confirmed in the field

Code and Carrier Phase Tracking noise matches theoretical
expectations, especially AltBOC code tracking noise is extremely low
(<2cm).

All Galileo signals perform significantly better than GPS-CA wrt noise
and multipath

Globally, as expected, L1-BOC(1,1) is “worst” signal, E5-AltBOC is “best”
signal.

E5-AltBOC, L1A and E6A perform exceptionally well in static multipath
environment. There is little dependence of measurement error on
elevation

Difference in measurement error between BPSK(5), BPSK(10) and
BOC(1,1) is low for kinematic data. Multipath mitigation techniques
should further reduce the differences

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 19

 Clock Characterisation: Methodology

Orbits + “Apparent” Clocks •Satellite

“apparent” and
station clocks are
estimated versus
ground reference
clock (free-
running H maser)
PL Tx chain through ODTS.
•The main output
Propagation is clock phase
offset wrt reference
Ref.
H-Maser GESS GESS GESS ……. GESS clock
RINEX 3.00 files

Orbits
SLR ODTS Clocks wrt H maser
….

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 20

 Clock Characterisation: Methodology
station inter-system bias
sta
( D3 )
E
( D3Gsta ) C1C-C7Q
P1-P2
D1sta D2 sta D1Gsta
E
E D2Gsta

clock interface
GIOVE GPS

C sta

• GIOVE clock is permanently

synchronized to the master clock
thanks to GPS “common view”
• Iono-free combinations • Dual GPS/Galileo station network
(GIOVE + all GPS processed together

L1/L2 GPS on ground)

L1/E5 GIOVE
The GESS is driven by a single clock but
has an “inter-system” bias

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 21

 Clock Characterisation: Data Processing Scenario

• Processed data period:

2006/10/28 - 2007/03/21
• GIOVE transmitting L1+E5

Payload chain A (RAFS FM4)

Payload chain B (RAFS FM5)
• Satellite clocks estimated when in
view of at least 2 stations (DOC-2)
Coverage of the 12-station network
• 12 stations, but not all working
100%, many DOC-2 holes: sparse
data (as compared to IGS, GSTB-
V1)
• GPS P1-P2 codes used
• GIEN is the reference station
(GETR driven by free-running H-
maser)
GIOVE RINEX 3.00 observables

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 22

 Clock Characterisation:
Support from International Laser Ranging Service

• High-accuracy laser ranging helps

to improve orbit accuracy
• GIOVE tracked by around 10 SLR
stations on a regular basis plus
dedicated campaigns
• Limitations:

Shared among many satellite
missions

Depends on weather conditions
• Tracking campaigns

Early GIOVE mission validation

Eclipses

Independent calibration of S/C
properties

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 23

 FM4 Analysis Period

Arc Date DOY

ARC 0 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2006 301 – 305
1st period ARC 1 1 Nov - 5 Nov 2006 305 - 309
ARC 2 5 Nov - 10 Nov 2006 309 – 313
ARC 3 10 Nov - 14 Nov 2006 313 – 317
GIOVE A switch-off
ARC 4 15 Nov - 18 Nov 2006 319 – 322
GIOVE A switch-off

2nd period ARC 5 7 Dec - 11 Dec 2006 341 - 345

ARC 6 11 Dec - 15 Dec 2006 345 - 349
ARC 7 15 Dec - 19 Dec 2006 349 – 353
ARC 8 19 Dec - 23 Dec 2006 353 – 357
ARC 9 23 Dec - 27 Dec 2006 357 – 361
ARC 10 27 Dec - 31 Dec 2006 361 - 365
INRiM Hmaser
substitution ARC 11 01 Jan - 05 Jan 2007 001 - 005
ARC 12 05 Jan - 09 Jan 2007 005 - 009

3rd period ARC 13 09 Jan - 13 Jan 2007 009 - 013

ARC 14 13 Jan - 17 Jan 2007 013 - 017

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 24

 FM4 APPARENT CLOCK on a regular data period

GIOVE APPARENT CLOCK on a regular data period

The Allan deviation on

“quiet” periods is
according to
specifications
EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 25
Frequency jumps

ZOOM

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 26

 FM5 Analysis Period

Arc Date DOY

ARC 15 03 - 07 March 2007 062 – 066
Total period ARC 16 07 - 11 March 2007 066 – 070
ARC 17 11 - 15 March 2007 070 – 074
ARC 18 15 - 19 March 2007 074 – 078
ARC 19 19 - 21 March 2007 078 – 080
ARC 20 24 - 27 March 2007 083-086

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 27

FM5 APPARENT CLOCK

The Allan deviation is

according to specifications

In addition, no frequency
jumps have been observed.
EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 28
 Clock Characterisation: Conclusions

• FM4:

Long term behaviour of the apparent clock is showing
frequency offset and linear frequency drift as expected
(quiet period)

Abrupt jumps in the frequency values
 No clear correlation between FM4 apparent clock frequency and
temperature was found
 Internal Clock TM resolution not able to highlight correlation
 Clock was switched on/off many times – ground experience seems
to correlate this with jumps

Short term stability in spec in the most “quiet” period
• FM5:

No frequency jumps are detected on the analysed period

Short term stability in spec in the most “quiet” period

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 29

 Further information

Further information available on following websites:

http://www.giove.esa.int
http://www.esa.int/export/esaSA/navigation.html
http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 30

Acknowledgment

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 31

Thanks.

EGU 2007 - 16 April 2007, page 32