ANTH 80/PWAD 80 WAR AND SOCIETY

Summer Session II, 2005

Instructor: Erik Reavely
Email: reavely@email.unc.edu
Telephone: 962-1243
Class Time: M-F 1:15 2:45 PM, Alumni 203

Course Website: https://blackboard.unc.edu

Office: 303D Alumni Hall
Office Hours: By appointment.

Course Summary. This course provides cross-cultural and historical perspectives on war as a social and cultural
phenomenon. As an anthropology course we will critically examine the material culture and social conditions of war, but our
focus will not be limited to war as an isolated or extra-ordinary phenomenon. To take a holistic approach to the study of
war we will examine how the relations and materials that make war plausible, or possible, are related to mundane forms of
everyday violence, conflict, and complicity. Course readings and lectures use a variety of approaches (literary, political
economic, cultural, feminist, etc.) toward understanding war and its genesis in, and effects on, social life. Our case studies
will examine the political-historical contexts of violence and will be drawn from many eras and areas of the globe, including
the United States, with some discussion of current formations of violence and war.

Course Goals. This course introduces a critical approach to war, violence and social inequality. It is designed with four
main learning goals in mind: (1) to introduce the methods and materials anthropologists use to understand the social
phenomenon of war; (2) to learn how to engage in critical social analysis about war and violence, (3) to introduce the idea
that war is a variable level of scale and intensity along a continuum of ongoing, everyday political, economic, ethnic,
racial, and gender - violence, and (4) to study the processes of cultural militarization that enable the mass production of
violence.

Course Format. Class-time will be structured in seminar format with class discussion taking a key role in digesting the
readings, films, lectures, and guest speakers. Lectures will be devoted to the presentation of new material that is not covered
in the reading and to exploration of the reading; you should get class notes from another student if you miss class. Attendance
is key to your success in understanding course themes and materials.

Course Requirements.
1.
2.
3.
4.

To prepare for each class by close reading of course materials.

Participation in structured, in-class discussions, activities, and quizzes.
To complete a series of reading responses (see assignment for further details).
To complete an independent research paper (see assignment for further details).

Required Texts: Two Books are available at Student Stores:

Lutz, Catherine. 2001. Homefront: A Military City and the American Twentieth Century. Beacon Press: Boston

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. 2004. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell.

** All other readings will be available for download & print in PDF format on the courseblackboard site (BB), or by HandOut (HO).

Grading: Your grade in this course should reflect how well you have engaged with the course material and issues over the
course of the semester. The only way for me to know what you have learned is if you communicate it to me. Even if you have
thoroughly read, studied, and understood all the material in the class, you will not receive a good grade if you do not
communicate what you have learned through class discussions and written assignments.
Your course grade will be determined as follows:
Attendance
Participation
5 Reading Responses
Cumulative Final Project

%10
%20
%30 (%6 each)
%40

Participation (20 points): Throughout the course, class will be broken up into discussion groups where you will complete
worksheets pertaining to the days material cooperatively. These small groups will return to large group discussions to
present and exchange ideas about the material. Your participation in these as well as other activities (such as occasional and
random pop quizzes on recent readings) will be observed and recorded as a measure of your preparation to engage the
material, and your comprehension of it as well particularly on days you are assigned to lead small group discussions (see
below). At the end of each class worksheets are to be turned into the instructor for grading. Collectively these will count as
of your participation grade (10 points of final grade).

Reading Responses (five x 6 points each=30 points): You will be required to complete five, one-page-minimum (2
page MAX), reading response papers. These papers should NOT be a summary of a reading, but should address an important
argument, concept or convention of the reading. Responses should be engaged, illustrating your comprehension of the
material, or exploring your problems with it, making connections among readings, and between studied concepts and the
world around us. I expect these brief essays to get right to the point, to be clearly written, citing examples whenever
appropriate, and avoiding generalized, abstract argumentation. Stick to the material, show me you understand it, or show me
what you understand OF IT, and what you dont, and why in any case I will be grading you on your ENGAGEMENT of the
material, as well as your comprehension of it.
A sign-up sheet for response-schedules will be passed around on the first day of class. Please make note of the dates you sign
up for by marking them in your syllabus. On the day your response it due you will be expected to lead a small-group
discussion about the materials due that day, and be prepared to talk about the material, your response, and your group
discussion in-class.

Cumulative Research Project (40 cumulative points): This project consists of four parts:
1) Topic proposal (5 points); Due Friday July 1st. One page describing the topic of your research:
a) what questions you are going to pursue, b) how you will obtain data, evidence, or supporting material for your project
(e.g. if you plan to do an interview, historical research, etc), and c) the relevance of your project to the course goals
concerning critical awareness of social structure, material culture, lived experience or political economy of war and
violence. The proposal should illustrate that you have done some measure of preliminary research on the subject. (See
end of syllabus for topic suggestions, prompts, etc.)
Your research paper for this course should consist of original research done for this course. Submitting recycled papers
from other courses or submitting the same research paper to two different courses will be considered a violation of the honor
code. If you would like to work on the same topic or a similar topic as a paper you have already written or are writing for
another course, please consult with the instructor first.
2) Outline & Open Peer Review (10 points): Friday, July 15. Bring for discussion, and turn in an outline of your
research project so that you can receive feedback from classmates according to criteria provided by the instructor. The first
review will focus on the goals, evidence, and organization of the project. This should be a complete outline, explaining the
topic question, the evidence used to explore it, and a clear set of goals, hypotheses or thesis statements that use supporting
materials well (if so far developed) with a bibliography of sources attached.
You will openly discuss your projects with the class, getting open feedback, and anonymous review from a fellow student.
You, in-turn, will review a peers draft according to provided instructions for the following Monday, July 18th. Be sure to
respond to all the questions of the author, as well as all items on the review sheet provided by the instructor. Be sure to
indicate your PID# on the review sheet (NOT your name) so that you receive credit for your review.
** Please turn in your outline with your PID# as the only identifying information (i.e. do not put your name on it.) The draft
should include a cover sheet with your PID# and a description of the type of feedback that would be helpful to you (including
specific questions.) Please see the Writing Centers handout on getting feedback on your writing;
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/feedback.html for more information.
3) Second Draft & Anonymous Peer Review (10 points): Friday, July 22nd. Turn in a complete, written draft of your
research paper so that you can receive feedback from a classmate according to criteria provided by the instructor. The second
review will focus on transitions, topic sentences, and overall clarity, as well as on how well youve integrated course issues
and materials into your paper.

Again you will review a peers draft anonymously. Be sure to respond to all the questions of the author, as well as all items
on the review sheet provided by the instructor. Be sure to indicate your PID# on the review sheet so that you receive credit
for your review. Your reviews will be counted as part of your participation grade.
4) Final Draft and 10 minute Presentation (15 points): DUE at Final Exam Friday, July 29 th, 11:30 AM (to 2:30). Turn
in the final draft (8-10 pages) of your research paper along with drafts one and two and the feedback you received from
classmates. Your Presentation should be 10 minutes long and should be an overview of the research paper; what
discoveries/ points/ arguments you made, what evidence you used to support them, and what conclusions you came to.
Please PRACTICE this presentation before-hand to be sure you are within the 10 minute limit your grade will take into
account the organization of the presentation, as well as content. If you require any technical support, please notify the
instructor by Friday July 22nd.
The final draft should reflect significant revisions that take into account the feedback that you received from reviewers.
Keep in mind that reviewers are not always correct, but you should give serious consideration to the issues they raise. I
expect your paper to be well written, well organized, and well argued, integrating course materials and concepts into your
research. Be sure that you have a title, an introduction, a thesis statement, and a conclusion.
Cited references should be included using APA (American Psychological Association) style citation and bibliography
format. Instructions for this, and for other helpful information on research and essay writing, see the Writing Center Website
(info below).
UNC Writing Center
The Universitys Writing Center < http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/> offers numerous resources to help students with their
writing. I strongly encourage you to get their assistance with your research paper. The Writing Center offers one-on-one
consultations by appointment, online feedback, and handouts with tips on different aspects of writing. Please consult their
website for details.

All writing assignments should be typed, double spaced in 12 point, Times Roman or Arial font, on 8.5 X 11 paper
with one inch margins. Unless otherwise instructed, please be sure to include a title, your full name, and PID # on the top of
the first page (or on the title page.) Subsequent pages should be numbered in the document Header or Footer. Dont forget to
include an Honor Code pledge.
I will assign letter grades to the written assignments in this course. Written project grades have the following expectations:
Excellent. Assignment exceeds the minimum requirements for the assignment. A well-conceived and wellA
argued paper with an introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion. Sufficient evidence is provided and
explained to support the argument. Well written with no spelling or grammatical errors.
B

Very Good. Assignment exceeds the minimum requirements for the assignment. A well argued paper with an
introduction, thesis statement, body, and conclusion. Evidence to support the argument may be missing or not
fully explained in a few places. Fairly well written with few spelling or grammatical errors.

Fair. Assignment meets the minimum requirements for the assignment, but lacks an argument and/or critical
analysis. Sufficient evidence to support the argument is lacking or not explained. Several spelling or
grammatical errors.

Unsatisfactory. Barely meets the minimum requirements for the assignment. Several spelling or grammatical
errors.

Does not meet the minimum requirements for the assignment. Several spelling or grammatical errors..

Attendance: Attendance is required in the course and will be collected daily. Classes begin on Thursday June 23rd and end
on Tuesday, July 26th with Monday, July 4th being our only holiday break . This gives us 23 days of required attendance
(not including the final exam July 29th). Students will earn points by attending class; this attendance grade will be
calculated by the following scale:
Less than 19 days = 0 attendance points
19 days = 5 pts;
20 days = 7 pts;
21 days = 9 pts;

22/23 days = 10 pts

As you can see I have left room on the point scale for one free absence (hey we all have a bad day now and then). However
you will be responsible for material covered in class (such as films, quizzes, lectures) that may not be covered in the readings,
or available in the library, so I suggest you save that one for your unforeseen flat tire/food-poisoning event and dont use it as
a free day off. Beyond that free absence, only absences with an official written letter on University letterhead will be
excused, in such a case a students attendance will be recorded as if they were there in class. As such absences are those that
are known in advance, it will be expected that a student turn in work due on the day of an absence BEFORE the absence
occurs.
NO LATE WORK WILL BE ACCEPTED. Due to the compressed nature of the summer semester and the need to keep
up with grading and preparing, I will not accept assignments turned in past the beginning of class on the day they are due. If
you cannot be there email it to me as a RTF or word document, or have a friend or classmate bring it in again, either
email or hard copy, NO WORK will be accepted past the beginning of class on its due date.
Final Examination Absences. If you are absent from a final examination, or if you are present and fail to submit the
examination, the instructor records a course-grade of AB, which converts to a grade of F if your absence is unexcused, or to
an FA if your instructor specifies that your grade would still be an F regardless of your performance on a final examination.
Only your dean or Student Health Services can authorize an excused absence from a final examination this must be
submitted in writing to the instructor prior to the submission of grades to the registrar Monday, August 1 st.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

FINAL PROJECT Topic Prompts

You need to come up with a research question that deals with the relationship(s) between war and society. Make your
questions as specific as possible. It is not enough so say that you want to write a paper about the war in X. The following
are some suggested topics and questions. You will, most likely, need to take one or more of these questions to develop the
specific question you plan to answer in your research paper. If the topics below are not of interest to you, please propose
another one. You may pass your ideas by me before your topic proposal is due
Some possible research questions and topics:
How do landmines affect everyday life in a particular society or set of societies (use a single region)?
How are cultural values evident in the language used to describe the war on terrorism?
How do representations of war in popular media shape our perceptions of war and/or military service? Choose some
specific examples to examine while answering the question.
What have been effective peace-making strategies in past conflicts? You might profile a particular social movement
engaged in peace-making, or do research on contemporary peace work in the current crisis.
How has wars environmental damage affected everyday life in the case of a specific society?
How has the Cambodian slaughter of the 1970s affected contemporary Cambodian society?
How do the cultures of various national militaries (choose two to compare) differ?
What is the difference between militarization and militarism? Which concept is more useful?
How did Japanese militarism affect everyday life in Japan during the 1930s and 40s?
What were the differences and similarities between U.S. and European media coverage of the war in Vietnam (or the war in
Afghanistan? or the war in Iraq)?
What are some varying conceptions of humanitarian warfare? How have the people of one particular society experienced
humanitarian warfare?
How have sanctions affected the people of Iraq? Were the sanctions an act of war? How have the sanctions affected the
USs reconstruction efforts in Iraq?
How has a particular religious tradition as reflected in everyday religious thought, not theology affected the way a
society views war (for example, how has Buddhism affected the war in Sri Lanka)?

 How does a drafted versus a volunteer army relate to the society that institutes one or the other kind of military? In other
words, why do some societies have one type and some the other? How do these two kinds of recruitment affect the kind of
military produced and the attitudes to war the civilian population has?
What produced the wars among the Yanomami people of Venezuela? the people of Sri Lanka? Northern Ireland? Peru?
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Class Schedule:
Readings and assignments are listed on the day they are DUE, please be prepared to talk about readings in-class.

Part I: Key questions and anthropological methods for examining Conflict & Violence
1. Thursday, June 23: Class Introduction & Syllabus Review.
2. Friday, June 24: What is a critical approach to conflict, violence and War?
Michael Gilsenan. 2002. On Conflict and Violence. In Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines. Chicago: U
of Chicago P. Pp. 99-113. BB
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois. 2004. Introduction: Making Sense of Violence In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy &
Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. Pp. 1-9.
Binford, Leigh. An Alternative Anthropology: Exercising the Preferential Option for the Poor. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes,
Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. Pp. 420-424 (Ch55)
3. Monday, June 27: Evolution, human nature, & our Myths about war.
Carolyn Nordstrom. 1998. Deadly myths of aggression. Aggressive Behavior 24 (2): 147-159. BB
Wrangham, Richard W. 1999. Evolution of Coalitionary Killing. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 42:1-30. BB
Ruth Sivard. 1996. World Military and Social Expenditures. Washington, D.C.: World Priorities, pp. 15, 18-19.
See internet resources listed at end of syllabus-schedule.
Film: The fourth world war
4. Tuesday, June 28: Archaeological and forensic methods of studying war. What is the relevance of archaeological
evidence about war and peace from both historic and prehistoric societies?
Douglas W. Owsley et al. 1996. Recovery and Identification of Civilian Victims of War in Croatia. Cultural Resource
Management. No. 10. BB
Jonathan Haas. 1990. Warfare and the evolution of tribal polities in the prehistoric Southwest. In The Anthropology of
War. Cambridge University Press, pp. 171-89. BB
5. Wednesday, June 29: Ethnographic methods, and problems in studying war. What does an ethnographic approach
contribute to the study of war?
Catherine Lutz. 2001. Homefront. Introduction, pp.1-9.
Joseba Zulaika. 2004. The Anthropologist as Terrorist. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War
and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. Pp. 416-419 (CH 54)
Phillip Bourgois. 2004. The Continuum of Violence in War and Peace: Post-Cold War Lessons from El Salvador. In
Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. Pp. 425-433
(CH56)
Film: Dead Birds

Part II The State, History and Culture of Militarization

6. Thursday, June 30: The State of Militarization, Power & Violence

Arendt, Hannah. 2004. From: On Violence. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace:
An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 28) Pp.236-243.
Catherine Lutz. 2001. Homefront. Encampment (CH 1) Pp. 11-44.

7. Friday, July 1: Case Study: State Language, Ritual, and the Technological Rationalization of Violence.
Guest Speaker: Carie Little Hersh
Project Proposal Due Today.
Cohn, Carol. 2004. Sax and Death in the Rational World of Defense Intellectuals. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy &
Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 45) Pp. 354-361.
Foucault, Michel. 2004. Right of Death and Power over Life. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence
in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 7) Pp79-82.
MONDAY: JULY 4th Holiday

Part III Social Structure, Conflict and Violence

8. Tuesday, July 5: Political Economy of Modern War
Robert Higgs. 1992. Wartime Prosperity? A Reassessment of the US Economy in the 1940s. The Journal of Economic
History 52(1):41-60. BB
Catherine Lutz. 2001. Homefront. Hostess to the Good War CH 2. 45-86.
Film: Walt Disney On the front lines/ the American People in WWII
9. Wednesday, July 6: Structural Violence and the Premises of Modern History.
Farmer, Paul. 2004. On Suffering and Structural Violence: A View From Below. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy &
Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 35) Pp. 281-289.
Taussig, Michael. 2004. Terror as Usual: Walter Benjamins Theory of History as State of Siege. In Eds. ScheperHughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 31) Pp. 269-271
10. Thursday, July 7: Symbolic Violence and the Individual Experience of Modern History.
Bourdieu, Pierre, Wacquant, Loc. 2004. Symbolic Violence. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy &
Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 32) Pp. 272-274.
Quesada, James. 2004. Suffering Child: An Embodiment of War and its Aftermath in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua. In Eds.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 35) Pp. 290-296.
Film: Faces of War
11. Friday, July 8: Social Change and Violence.
Ferguson, R. Brian. 2004. Tribal Warfare. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace:
An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 5) 69-73.
Podolefsky, Aaron. 1984. Contemporary Warfare in the New Guinea Highlands. In Eds. Podolefsky & Brown. Applying
Anthropology: An Introductory Reader. 5th ED. CH 46 Pp.312-320. HO
12. Monday, July 11: Case Study: War and Genocide in the Twentieth Century
Levi, Primo. 2004. The Gray Zone. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An
Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 8) 83-90.
Jennie Burnet. (forthcoming). From Genocide Lives in Us: The Politics of Memory in Post-genocide Rwanda.
Doctoral Dissertation. Department of Anthropology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. CHs 3 & 4. Pp. 77173. BB (the entire dissertation is on the course website take notice of what pages you print out, though you are
welcome and encouraged to read the whole thing )
Guest Speaker: Jennie Burnet
13. Tuesday, July 12: Material Culture & the State of Terror

Catherine Lutz. Homefront. CH 3 Pp. 87-130

Taussig, Michael. 2004. Talking Terror. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace:
An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 19) Pp. 171-174.

14. Wednesday, July 13: The Cultural Construction of Righteousness &Terror.

Burke, Kenneth. Rhetorical Analysis: The Rhetoric of Hitlers Battle. HO
Gourevitch, Philip. 2004. From; We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families:
Stories From Rwanda. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology.
Blackwell. (CH 15) Pp136-142.
James William Gibson. 1989. Paramilitary culture. Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6: 90-93.
15. Thursday, July 14: Race, Rhetoric & the Social Production of Terror.
Gordon, Robert J. 2004. From; The Bushman Myth: The Making of a Namibian Underclass. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes,
Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 6) Pp. 74-75.
Litwack, Leon F. 2004. Hellhounds. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An
Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 13) Pp.123-127
John Dower. 1986. Apes and others. In Cancian and Gibson, eds., Making War, Making Peace: The Social Foundations
of Violent Conflict. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Pp. 75-84BB
Film; Images of Indians
16. Friday, July 15: Writing Against Terror.
Conrad, Joseph. 2004. From; Heart of Darkness. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and
Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 1) Pp. 35-38.
Taussig, Michael. 2004. Culture of Terror Space of Death: Roger Casements Putumayo Report and the Explanation
of Torture. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH
2) Pp. 39-53.
Project Outline Due Today.
17. Monday, July 18: [Re]Presenting the experience of War: Remembering Vietnam
Catherine Lutz. Homefront. Ch. 4 pp. 131-170.
Le Minh Khue. 1996. The Distant Stars. AND The Last Rain of the Monsoon. In Ed. Duffy, Dan. North Viet Nam Now:
Viet Nam Forum (15). 1996. HO
OBrien, Tim. 1990. The Things they Carried. Penguin Books. Chapter 1. Pp. 1-27 HO
Guest Speaker: Dan Duffy
Project Outline Reviews Due today.
18. Tuesday, July 19: Violence of Gender.
Julie Peteet. 1994. Male Gender and Rituals of Resistance in the Palestinian Intifada: A Cultural Politics of Violence.
American Ethnologist 21(1):31-49. BB
Pierre Bourdieu. 2004. Gender and Symbolic Violence. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in
War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 42) 339-342.
Film: Coming Out Under Fire
19. Wednesday, July 20: What Do Women Do in War Time?
Meredeth Turshen. 1998. Womens War Stories. In What Women do in Wartime. New York: Zed Books. Pp. 1-26.
BB
Asma Abdel Halim. 1998. Attack with a Friendly Weapon. In What Women do in Wartime. New York: Zed Books. Pp.
85-100. BB
Film: 3 cm Less

20. Thursday, July 21: War and the Body.

Das, Veena. 2004. Language and Body: Transactions in the Construction of Pain. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy &
Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 40) Pp. 327-333.
Scarry, Elaine. 2004. From; The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. In Eds. Scheper-Hughes,
Nancy & Bourgois, P. Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology. Blackwell. (CH 46) Pp. 365-367
Hugh Gusterson. 1991. Nuclear war, the Gulf War, and the disappearing body. Journal of Urban and Cultural Studies 2
(1): 45-55. BB
21. Friday, July 22: Wars Ecology and the Social Geography of Environmental Destruction.
J. David Singer and Jeffrey Keating. 1999. Military preparedness, weapon systems and the biosphere: A preliminary
impact statement. New Political Science 21 (3): 325-343. BB
Film: Radioactive Reservations/ Radio Bikini
Project Draft Due Today.

Part IV Contemporary Cases of Militarization & Representation

22. Monday, July 25: Neoliberal Militarization: Economies of Violence the Violence of Economies.
Catherine Lutz. Homefront. (CHs. 5, 6 & Epilogue). Pp.171-257
Project Draft Reviews Due Today.
23. Tuesday, July 26: Embedded Journalism and the Reporting of War to the Homefront.
Robert D. Kaplan. 2004. Five Days in Fallujah. The Atlantic Monthly 294(1):116-126. BB
(continued >)

Patrick Graham. 2004. Beyond Fallujah: A Year with the Iraqi Resistance. Harpers Magazine 308(1849):37-48. BB
Ravi, Narasimhan. 2005. Looking Beyond Flawed Journalism: How National Interests, Patriotism, and Cultural Values
Shaped the Coverage of the Iraq War. Press/Politics. 10 (1) Winter 2005. Pp.45-62. BB
Film: Daily Baghdad (?)/ or
FINAL EXAM: Friday, July 29. 11:30 AM 2:30 PM: Final projects due upon arrival,
10 minute presentations.

Wars and Genocides of the 20th Century

http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/massacre.html
The World at War
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/
List of current wars
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_wars
Atlas of War Death in 20th Century:
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/war-1900.htm