First Aid

It is the immediate and temporary care given to an injured or sick

person until the services of a physician can be obtained.
First aid itself signifies that a person needs Secondary aid.
It is the skill of applying common sense in such a way that -
* Suffering ends or reduces.
* Recovery begins.
* Life is saved.
Obect
!"o save life.
!"o ease pain.
!"o promote recovery of the inured parts speedily.
!"o avoid further inury.
!"o correct situations that might increase the original inury.
!"o arrange for transportation to the hospital if the patient is in serious
condition.
!"o prevent disability or death if possible.
The qualities of the first aider.
Observant - noting all the signs.
Tactful - avoiding thoughtless #uestions and learning the symptoms and
history of the patient.
esourceful - using whatever is at hand to the best advantage so as to
prevent further damage.
!"plicit $ Should be capable of giving clear instructions to the patient and
advice to the assistants.
#iscriminating $ may decide which of the several inuries should be given
attention.
%hat to do&
!Reach the inured person #uickly.
!Remain calm and keep your emotions under control.
!Inspire confidence in the patient.
'ake the person comfortable.
"ry to control the situation.
(sk for help if you are alone and unable to handle.
"ry to obtain the correct and detailed history of the accident.
)*amine the person thoroughly taking note of each sign and symptom.
+"his is helpful in making a diagnosis and plan proper first aid,.
"ry to act promptly in these conditions in order to save life $
+a, Stoppage of breathing.
+b, Severe -leeding.
+c, Shock.
%hat not to do&
.on/t move the patient unnecessarily.
.on/t touch the wound with your finger or any instrument.
.on/t put unclean dressing over the wound.
.on/t allow any bleeding to go unchecked.
.on/t remove the clothing unnecessarily.
.on/t allow the patient with fractures or suspected fracture to move until
splints have been applied.
.on/t neglect shock.
.on/t burn the patient with unwrapped hot water bottle or other heated
obect.
.on/t fail to give artificial respiration if needed.
.on/t fail to remove eatables or artificial teeth from the mouth of an
unconscious patient.
Recognizing emergencies
$nusual noise
Scream
0ell
'oans or calls for help
-reaking glass
1rashing metals
Screeching tires
(brupt or loud unidentifiable sound.
$nusual sights
"hings that look out of ordinary-
- a stalled vehicle.
- an overturned pot.
- a spilled medicine container.
- a broken glass.
- a downed electrical wires.
$nusual odors
Odors those are stronger than usual.
2nrecogni3able odor.
$nusual appearance or behavior
2nconsciousness.
.ifficulty in breathing.
1lutching the chest or throat.
Slurred4 confused4 or hesitant speech.
2ne*plainable confusion or drowsiness.
Sweating for no apparent reason.
2ncharacteristic skin color.
First aid and disease transmission
( disease can be passed from one person to another while giving first aid.
5ow&
+6, -y direct contact +touching,.
+7, "hrough breathing +(erosols,.
+8, "hrough -ites +eg. dogs4 tick,.
5ow can we reduce the risk of infections&
'aintain good personal hygiene practices such as hand washing
before and after giving care.
(void touching or being splashed by body fluids when
possible.
9lace an effective barrier between you and the victim/s body
fluid +use gloves or plastic or a piece of cloth4 instead of
touching the wound directly,.
(void eating4 drinking and touching your mouth4 nose or eyes
while providing care or before washing your hands.
(void touching obects that may be contaminated with blood or
other body fluids.
(void handling personal items such as pens or comb while
providing care.
-e prepared with an ade#uately stocked first aid kit that
includes waterless antiseptic hand cleaner and disposable
gloves.
:.6. ;ive e*amples of disease transmitted through direct contact&
:.7. ;ive e*amples of disease transmitted through breathing&