INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN

PORTFOLIO










Prepared and
submitted by :



Zainab tariq
(2010-AE-30)
Spatial planning of 10 Marla house





















This portfolio consists of different assignments
and jobs which we did in our lectures given by Sir
Sardar Arif. First of all, we were given a Plan of
two storey residential building. Our first
assignment was to rearrange the spatial plan
which is most suitable according to human
requirement.Plan was of nearly 10 Marla,
I.e. 65 * 35.

According to the given requirements and to fulfill
the basic necessity of ventilation, I made three
changes in spatial planning.
1) Decrease the area of drawing room
As we know, we spend our most time in living
room and bed room. I decreased the area of
drawing room, making no spare spaces, so that
there will be room for patio against the dead
wall.

2) Increase length of patio and decrease width
to make living area larger better view of
landscaping from outside.

Ground floor plan of 10 marla house

Spatial planning of 10 Marla house





















3) I have provided patio with the dead wall
To have natural light and cross ventilation in
dining room and kitchen I provided a patio of
8*10. This patio also opens against living room
providing natural light and ventilation. At the
first storey there is a bathroom attached to
bed room. There was no natural light and
ventilation before, but this patio provides
both.

























Finding flaws and re-designing existing plan :
This is our first assignment in which we have to
design the spaces in most efficient way. We
were given a plan of existing building and find
flaws in it and then remove those flaws by re-
designing it. The building was two storey of
area 35 by 65.

Flaws in design:
1) There was no natural lighting and ventilation
in bathroom at first storey. I have provided it
ventilation through ceiling as well.
2) Drawing room space was very large that
dining and living rooms got smaller
So I provided patio against the dead wall so
that proper lighting and ventilation is given
to bathroom attached to guest bedroom.
And I scaled down the drawing room space
to make living room larger, as drawing room
is used occasionally but living room is used
most of tha day. We redesigned the plan and
drew it on autocad.
.

SECTION-AA
FIRST FLOOR PLAN 9 THICK WALL
Integration of grid structure with non load bearing walls






















In the Second assignment we were asked to make a grid structure and plan the spaces
accordingly.we were allowed to make changes in plan upto 20% means space was to be integrated
with the grid planning.

Integration of grid structure with non load bearing walls






















So I made a grid plan having 6x6, 6x12 and
corner columns as shown below.
CORNER 6X12

6X6
COLUMNS

Corner columns were provided to avoid
differential damge. 6*12 columns were provided
in such a way that longer span becomes shorter to
avoid more moment.
I provided cross beams at couple of places where
there was no column for the beams to rest upon.
Cross beams are into each other thay can carry
load and transfer it to net column.
After those spaces were adjusted in a way that
beam does not destroy the aesthetic look.


SECTION-AA
Comparison of horizontal and vertical structural components
Horizontal structural members
1) Cavity wall
2) Hollow core concrete block
3) Earth compressed block

1) Reinforced brick concrete slab:
It consists of reinforcement, brick and concrete. Bricks are laid horizontally between the steel bars and concrete mix is
inserted in the joints to fill the gap between bricks and for covering the reinforcement. The slab is supported on the wall and
the top surface of the slab is plastered with a 2cm thick cement mortar and over that apply two layers of hot bitumen for
water proofing. Over the bitumen coat apply one more coat of cement paste of thickness 5 cm.Provide sufficient slope at the
top surface for drainage of rainwater.
2) Reinforced cement concrete slab:
In reinforced cement concrete slab sand, cement and aggregate are used in the ratio of 1:2:4. With reference of strength
R.C.C slab is more economical then R.B.C slab whereas R.B.C is easy to construct. In the following pages I have a comparison of
R.C.C and R.B.C slab with reference of cost.
3) Jack arch roof:
It reveals from archival drawings and existing old buildings that the major components of Jack Arch roofing were Bricks for
construction of Segmental Arch, Steel Joists to support arches, Tie Rods at ends arches to keep the arch in its original
position and to address the problems of tensile stresses, Wall Plates and Nuts to make the connection of Tie Rods from its
both ends. A Jack Arch roof is usually formed with number of 4.5 inches thick brick masonry segmental arch of 6-9 inches rise
from centre for 4 - 6 feet span supported by Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ) spanned over shorter dimension of room from wall to
wall. To make upper surface of roof as flat, the lime or cement concrete was used as filler in gaps. Above that the plaster layer
and subsequently the mud layer were usually provided.
Vertical structural members
1) Reinforced brick concrete slab
2) Reinforced cement concrete slab
3) Jack arch roof


Integration of Jack Arch Roofing with earth compressed blocks









Section of jack arch roofing
Cost Comparison of R.B.C and R.C.C slabs
For 5.5 Th. R.B.C Slab:
Area of G.F Slab = 1221 sq.ft
Volume of slab = 559.625 cft
-Weight of steel = 751.52 Kg
-No of Bricks = 4030
-Cement bags = 51
-Sand = 120.11 cft
-Crush = 240.191 cft
Cost = 1, 07,864/-
For 5.5 Th. R.C.C Slab:
Cement bags: 100
Sand : 246.23 cft
Crush : 492.468 cft
Steel weight = 1243.9 Kg
Cost = 1, 88, 442.32/-


For 6 Th. R.B.C Slab:
Area of G.F Slab = 1221 sq.ft
Volume of slab = 610.5 cft
-Weight of steel = 841.513 Kg
-No of Bricks = 3767
-Cement bags = 62
-Sand = 150.427 cft

Crush = 300.854 cft
For 6 Th. R.C.C Slab:
Cement bags: 108
Sand: 268.62cft
Crush: 453.724cft
Steel weight = 1356.97 Kg
Cost = 2, 00,016/-

Cost = 1, 48,634/-


ECO FRIENDLY EARTH BLOCKS:
Compressed earth blocks have following advantages:
They are cost effective and durable structural elements
Easy to construct, made of natural soil and non toxic
They provide a suitable indoor environment
They are also known as green construction
Following plan shows the integration of earth compressed blocks with jack arch roofing

Fast construction with hollow core concrete blocks:
They are non load bearing walls with fast construction, cavity in these blocks provide better thermal condition and suitable
indoor environment. They do not need external or internal plastering. They can be used load bearing vertical components if
these holes are filled with reinforcement in form of vertical walls. The appropriate size of these blocks is 6x12x6.they
are cost effective and also used as fire resistant but they are not good for large spans. Some other advantages of hollow
concrete blocks are
Light in weight
Services can run through their holes
They are available in different sizes
Acoustics transmission
Thermal transmission
To make these non load bearing blocks, load bearing walls we can provide reinforcement bars through the holes of block.
These blocks are represented in the following diagrams and plans.


Spatial planning of 10 Marla house with hollow core concrete blocks:




Basement:
Problems occuring in basement design
Ground floor levels adjustment
Ventilation control
Lighting control
Sewerage system
Water Storage system
Retaining wall to resist lateral pressure































Design of spaces and structure of basement:
- Tv room
- Study room
- Playing room
- Party place
- Storage facility
- Guest room
- Playing room
- Reading room
- Big screen hall
- Party place
- Small kitchen
Types of retaining walls:
Gravity retaining wall
Cantilever retaining wall
Counterfort retaining wall

Design procedure of retaining wall
Clear cover 3
Minimum thickness 6
Load factors
1.7P for toe
1.4(W +Dh) for heel
0.9D + 1.7H for stem
If walls are very tall, we provide counter fort retaining wall

Water proofing of retaining wall
asphalt emulsions
bitumen cutbacks
Trowel coatings of bitumen COLD
Hot applied asphalt
Bitumen saturated cotton fabric
Bitumen saturated felt


Drainage study of basement

Structures below ground water level
Capillary water penetration
Coarse gravel or stone backfill
Tile with porous joints which collects water

Lighting and ventilation of basement
Glass block window
Windows between road level and ceiling level
Cross ventilation
Exhausting system