Name:

Chapter 7 Pretest Form A Date:

Evaluate.

1. 121 1. ____________________________

2. 5 − 32 2. ____________________________

3. Use absolute value to evaluate m 2 + 8m + 16 . 3. ____________________________

4. Write ( − 5b )2 as an absolute value. 4. ____________________________

Write in exponential form. Assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

5. 53 5. ____________________________

4
6. 3a 6. ____________________________

Write in radical form. Assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

7. ( 3x )1 4 7. ____________________________

14
⎛1 ⎞
8. ⎜ x 3 y ⎟ 8. ____________________________
⎝2 ⎠

Simplify. Assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

3
9. 5 9. ____________________________
32

10. 3
18x12 y 3 10. ____________________________

11. 80c 11. ____________________________

180ab 4
12. 12. ____________________________
5ab 2

13. 98 − 50 − 72 13. ____________________________

259
Chapter 7 Pretest Form A (cont.) Name:

14. ( 2 +1 )( 2 −3 ) 14. ____________________________

3
15. 15. ____________________________
3−2

16. (8 − )(
− 1 − 2 + − 16 ) 16. ____________________________

− 12
17. 17. ____________________________
7 − −1

Solve.

18. 2 x = 5 x − 16 18. ____________________________

19. 2 + u = 2u + 7 19. ____________________________

20. x +3= x−3 20. ____________________________

260
 Name:

Chapter 7 Pretest Form B Date:

Evaluate.

1. 81 1. ____________________________

2. 3
−1000 2. ____________________________

3. Use absolute value to evaluate (−17)2 . 3. ____________________________

4. Write x 2 + 6 x + 9 as an absolute value. 4. ____________________________

Write in exponential form. Assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

5. x9 5. ____________________________

( m)
4
5
6. 6. ____________________________

Write in radical form. Assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

7. a1/ 6 7. ____________________________

8. (5m − n)8 / 5 8. ____________________________

Simplify each radical expression by changing the expression to exponential form. Write the answer in radical form.

5
9. 610 9. ____________________________

18
10. x3 10. ____________________________

Simplify.

11. 45 x10 y 31 11. ____________________________

x5 y 6
12. 12. ____________________________
12 z

261
Chapter 7 Pretest Form B (cont.) Name:

13. 24 − 3 6 + 252 13. ____________________________

14. ( 6− 2 )( 3− 2 ) 14. ____________________________

6
15. 15. ____________________________
6 + 30

16. (5 + 7i) − (4 − 3i) 16. ____________________________

17. −16 17. ____________________________

Solve.

18. 7x − 3 = 5 18. ____________________________

19. x −8 = x − 2 19. ____________________________

20. A new bypass is being constructed to relieve congestion at an 20. ____________________________

intersection. The road will run from 45 feet north of the
perpendicular intersection to 60 feet east of it. How long is
the new road?

262
 Mini-Lecture 7.1
Roots and Radicals
Learning Objectives:
1. Find square roots.
2. Find cube roots.
3. Understand odd and even roots.
4. Evaluate radicals using absolute value.
5. Key Vocabulary: radical sign, radicand, radical expression, index, square root, principal
square root, cube root, even root, odd root

Examples:

1. For the function f ( x) = 4 x + 9 , find each of the following:

a) f (10) b) f (−2) c) f (−5)

2. For the function f ( x) = 3 7 x − 8 , find each of the following:

a) g (5) b) g (−5) c) g (19)

3. Indicate whether or not each radical expression is a real number. If the expression is a real
number, find its value.
a) 4
−625 b) − 4 625 c) 5
−243 d) − 5 −243

4. Use absolute value to evaluate.

a) 52 b) 02 c) (2.6) 2

d) (−10) 2 e) (2 x − 5) 2 f) 36 y 2

g) 64x 6 h) 400m 4 i) n 2 − 20n + 100

Teaching Notes:
• Remind students that the result of a square root is always nonnegative and that the result is
only rational if the radicand is a perfect square.
• Students may need extra practice to remember the difference between expressions like − 5
and −5 .
• A quick review of factoring real numbers may be helpful as students begin simplifying
radical expressions.
• Encourage students to memorize as many perfect squares and perfect cubes as they can.
• Stress that calculators only give approximate values for irrational numbers. The radical form
is the exact value.
• The textbook often assumes variables and radicands represent positive numbers. Remind
students to pay attention to this detail in the instructions.

Answers: 1a) 7; 1b) 1; 1c) not a real number; 2a) 3; 2b) −4 ; 2c) 5; 3a) not a real number;
3b) real number, 5; 3c) real number, −3 ; 3d) real number, −3 ; 4a) 5; 4b) 0; 4c) 2.6; 4d) 10;
4e) 2x − 5 ; 4f) 6y or 6 y ; 4g) 8x3 or 8 x 3 ; 4h) 20m2 ; 4i) n − 10

263
 Mini-Lecture 7.2
Rational Exponents
Learning Objectives:
1. Change a radical expression to an exponential expression.
2. Simplify radical expressions.
3. Apply the rules of exponents to rational and negative exponents.
4. Factor expressions with rational exponents.
5. Key vocabulary: rational exponent, exponential expression, radical expression
Examples:
1. Write each expression in exponential form.
2m5
a) 13 b) 3 6xy c) 5
x2 d) 6
3n
2. Write each expression in radical form.
( 5x3 y )
1/ 5
a) 161/ 4 b) (−64)1/ 3 c) d) 6ab1/ 3
3. Write each expression in exponential form and then simplify.
(4 a)
8
a) 3
x15 b) c) 5
m10 n15
4. Write each expression in radical form.
3/ 4
3/8 2/7 ⎛ x⎞
a) x b) (2ab) c) ⎜ ⎟
⎝7⎠
5. Simplify.
(9 a)
6
a) 93 / 2 b) 6
43 c) 10
m5 d)
6. Evaluate.
−1/ 2 −1/ 3
⎛4⎞ ⎛ 125 ⎞
a) 81−3 / 4 b) 16−5 / 4
c) ⎜ ⎟ d) ⎜ − ⎟
⎝9⎠ ⎝ 8 ⎠
7. Simplify each expression and write the answer without negative exponents.
1/ 4

( ) ⎛ 9 x −2 z1/ 3 ⎞
d) 2.1x1/ 2 (1.6 x1/ 3 + x −1/ 4 )
−1/ 2
a) x1/ 4 ⋅ x −2 / 3 b) 3x 4 y −2 c) ⎜ −2 / 3 ⎟
⎝ z ⎠
8. Simplify.

( )
15
a) 18 (13n)6 b) 5 xy 3 z 4 c) 3 5
a

9. Factor r 3 / 8 + r −5 / 8 .
Teaching Notes:
• Demonstrate for students the convenience of using rational exponents to evaluate radical
expressions on a calculator. For example, it is convenient to evaluate 161/ 4 for 4 16 .
2m5
Answers: 1a) 131/2 ; 1b) (6xy)1/3 ; 1c) x 2/5 ; 1d) ; 2a) 4
16 = 2 ; 2b) 3
−64 = −4 ; 2c) 5
5x 3 y ; 2d) 6a 3 b ;
3n
(8 x) ( 7 2ab )
8 3 2
3a) x15/3 = x 5 ; 3b) a 8/4 = a 2 ; 3c) m10/5 n15/5 = m2 n3 ; 4a) x 3 or ; 4b) 7
(2ab)2 or ;
3 3
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞ 1 1 3 2
4c) 4 or ⎜ 4 ⎟ ; 5a) 27; 5b) 2; 5c) m or m1/2 ; 5d) 3 a 2 or a 2/3 ; 6a)
⎜ ⎟ ; 6b) ; 6c) ; 6d) − ;
⎝7 ⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ 27 32 2 5
1 y 31/2 z 1/4 r +1
7a) 5/12 ; 7b) 1/2 2 ; 7c) 1/2
; 7d) 3.36x5/6 + 2.1x1/4 ; 8a) 3 13n ; 8b) x 3 y 9 z 12 ; 8c) 15 a ; 9) 5/8
x 3 x x r

264
 Mini-Lecture 7.3
Simplifying Radicals

Learning Objectives:
1. Understand perfect powers.
2. Simplify radicals using the product rule for radicals.
3. Simplify radicals using the quotient rule for radicals.
4. Key vocabulary: product rule for radicals, quotient rule for radicals, perfect power, perfect
square, perfect cube

Examples:
1. Simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative real numbers.
4
a) 400 b) 3
1000 c) x 20 d) 3
x14

2. Simplify. Assume all variables and expressions in radicands are non-negative.

3 4
a) 50 b) 63 c) 80 d) 162

3
e) x18 f) y5 g) 4
a 35 h) 3
m16

i) x10 y13 j) 4
m10 n 21 k) 48a 7b10 c 5 l) 3 125 p14 q10

3. Simplify. Assume all variables and expressions in radicands are non-negative.

63 3
108 x
3
a −2b11
a) b) c)
7 3
4 x4 3
a 4b −4

49 x 4 27 x5 y 20 xy10
d) e) 3 f) 4
144 64 x 2 y16 4 x13 y 2

Teaching Notes:
• Warn students to be careful to pay attention to the type of root being taken.
• Encourage students to memorize as many perfect powers as they can.

Answers: 1a) 20; 1b) 10; 1c) x 5 ; 1d) x 5 ; 2a) 5 2 ; 2b) 3 7 ; 2c) 2 3 10 ; 2d) 3 4 2 ; 2e) x6 ;
2f) y 2 y ; 2g) a 8 4 a 3 ; 2h) m 5 3 m ; 2i) x 5 y 6 y ; 2j) m 2 n 5 4 m 2 n ; 2k) 4a 3b 5 c 2 3ac ;
3 b5 7x 2 3x y2 4 5
2l) 5p 4 q 3 3 p 2 q ; 3a) 3; 3b) ; 3c) 2 ; 3d) ; 3e) 5 ; 3f)
x a 12 4y x3

265
 Mini-Lecture 7.4
Adding, Subtracting, and Multiplying Radicals

Learning Objectives:
1. Add and subtract radicals.
2. Multiply radicals.
3. Key vocabulary: like radicals, unlike radicals

Examples:
1. Simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative real numbers.
a) 8 + 5 7 − 7 + 6 b) 4 3 x − 6 + 5 3 x + 7 x c) 18 + 72

d) 10 12 + 3 75 e) 3 63 − 4 28 + 175 f) 3
125 + 3 40 − 9 3 5

g) 32 + 12 − 18 h) m6 − m 4 n + m 2 n i) 3
a11b − 3 a 5b 7

2. Multiply and simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative real numbers.
a) 15 x 5 20 x 4 b) 3
9 x 3 3x5

c) 4
9ab9 4 36a10b12 d) 7 x ( 14 x + 28 )

( a + b )( a + b ) (2 10 − 5 )
2
e) f)

g) ( 3 m − 3 6n ) ( 3 m 2 + 3 9n 2 ) h) (5 + 7 )( 5 − 7 )

3. If f ( x) = 3 x and g ( x) = 3 x5 + 3 x 4 , find each of the following:

a) ( f ⋅ g )( x ) b) ( f ⋅ g )( 3)

4. Simplify. Assume that variables may be any real number.

a) f ( x) = x − 2 x − 2, x ≥ 2 b) g ( x) = 5 x 2 − 30 x + 45

Teaching Notes:
• A quick review of the previous discussion of collecting like terms may be helpful.
• When adding or subtracting like radicals, students sometimes mistakenly multiply the like
radicals.

Answers: 1a) 14 + 4 7 ; 1b) 9 3 x + 7x − 6; 1c) 9 2; 1d) 35 3; 1e) 12 7 ; 1f) 5 − 7 3 5;

1g) 2 3 + 2; 1h) m 3 ; 1i) (a 3 − ab 2 ) 3 a 2b ; 2a) 10x 4 3x ; 2b) 3x 2 ; 2c) 3a 2b5 4 4a 3b;
2d) 7x 2 + 14 x ; 2e) a + b a + ab + b b; 2f) 45 − 10 2; 2g) m + 3 9mn 2 − 3 6m 2 n − 3n 3 2 ;
2h) 18; 3a) x 2 + x 3 x 2 ; 3b) 9 + 3 3 9 ; 4a) f(x) = x − 2; 4b) g(x) = 5 x − 3

266
 Mini-Lecture 7.5
Dividing Radicals
Learning Objectives:
1. Rationalize denominators.
2. Rationalize a denominator using the conjugate.
3. Understand when a radical is simplified.
4. Use rationalizing the denominator in an addition problem.
5. Divide radical expressions with different indices
6. Key Vocabulary: rationalizing a denominator, conjugate
Examples:
1. Simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative real numbers.
3
1 x 15 56m5
a) b) c) d) 3
11 3 7 3x n
5y 3 3m 2 405a 6b9
e) f) g) 3 h) 4
3
2x2 5 4n 4c 3

2. Simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative real numbers.

23 12 x+y
a) b) c)
5− 2 7+ 3 x−y

3. Simplify each expression. Assume all variables represent non-negative real numbers.
1 1
a) 150m9 b) c)
7 10
6
4. Simplify: 2 5 + − 45
5
5. Simplify. Assume all variables and expressions in radicands are non-negative.
x 5 ( a + b) 4 3
m4n2
a) b) c)
( a + b)3
6
x 6 4
m3 n

Teaching Notes:
• Remind students that when they form the binomial conjugate, they only change the sign in
the middle.
2+ 3
• Point out that, when we multiply by an expression such as , we are really
2+ 3
multiplying by 1.

11 x 7 5 3x 2m 3 7m 2 n 2 5y 3 4x 15 3
6m 2 n 2
Answers: 1a) ; 1b) ; 1c) ; 1d) ; 1e) ; 1f) ; 1g) ;
11 21 x n 2x 5 2n
3ab 2 4 20a 2 bc x + 2y x + y 2 7 10
1h) ; 2a) 5+ 2; 2b) 3 7 − 3 3; 2c) ; 3a) 5m4 6m; 3b) ; 3c) ;
2c x − y2 7 10
5
4) ; 5a) 6
x ; 5b) 20
a + b; 5c) 12
m7 n 5
5

267
 Mini-Lecture 7.6
Solving Radical Equations
Learning Objectives:
1. Solve equations containing one radical.
2. Solve equations containing two radicals.
3. Solve equations containing two radical terms and a nonradical term.
4. Solve applications using radical equations.
5. Solve for a variable in a radicand.
6. Key vocabulary: radical equation, isolating a radical, extraneous solutions

Examples:
1. Solve.
a) x =9 b) x +5 −8 = 0 c) 3
x +9 = 7

d) x +4=0 e) 2 x + 31 = x − 2 f) x −4 x −5 = 0

2. Solve.
a) 25 x 2 + 15 = 5 x 2 + x − 8 b) 4( x − 3)1/ 3 = (4 x + 48)1/ 3

3. Solve.
a) x −1 + x = 2 b) 5x −1 = 1 + 4x − 3

4. Solve each application.

a) Find the length of the diagonal of a rectangle that is 10 feet long and 4 feet wide.
L
b) Find the period of a pendulum if its length is 3 feet. The formula T = 2π , where L
32
is the length in feet, and T is the time in seconds.

2e
5. Solve V = for e.
m

Teaching Notes:
• Remind students that solving an equation means to isolate the variable of interest and that for
radical equations we are first trying to isolate the radical so we can square both sides.
• Emphasize the importance of checking solutions in the original equation.
• Be sure to explain clearly what an extraneous root is and why they might come about when
solving a radical equation.

43 25
Answers: 1a) 81; 1b) 59; 1c) −8; 1d) no real solution; 1e) 9; 1f) 25; 2a) ; 2b) 4; 3a) ;
5 16
v2 m
3b) 1, 13; 4a) 10.77 feet or 2 20 feet; 4b) ≈ 1.92 seconds; 5) e =
2

268
 Mini-Lecture 7.7
Complex Numbers
Learning Objectives:
1. Recognize a complex number.
2. Add and subtract complex numbers.
3. Multiply complex numbers.
4. Divide complex numbers.
5. Find powers of i.
6. Key vocabulary: imaginary numbers, the imaginary unit, complex numbers, conjugate of a
complex number

Examples:
1. Write each complex number in the form a + bi .
a) 11 − −81 b) 6 + −54 c) 12

d) −72 e) 99 f) 3 + 5
2. Add or subtract.
a) (−5 + 7i ) + (8 − 12i ) + 4 b) (6 − −20 ) − ( −7 + −45 )

3. Multiply.
a) 4i (7 − 3i ) b) −36 ( −7 + 5 ) c) (3 − −54 )( −6 + 4 )

4. Divide.
10 − 3i 2 + 5i
a) b)
i 5 − 3i
5. Evaluate.
a) i 46 b) i121

6. Let f ( x) = x 2 . Find each of the following:

a) f (8i ) b) f (3 − 4i )

V
7. Using the formula Z = , find the impedance, Z, when V = 2.1 + 0.4i and I = 0.5i .
I

Teaching Notes:
• Remind students that the imaginary unit i is not a variable. Emphasize i = −1 .

Answers: 1a) 11 − 9i; 1b) 6 + 3i 6 ; 1c) 12 + 0i; 1d) 0 + 6i 2; 1e) 3 11 + 0i; 1f) ( 3+ 5 ) + 0i;
2a) 7 − 5i; 2b) 13 − 5i 5 ; 3a) 12 + 28i; 3b) −6 7 + 30i; 3c) 30 − 9i 6 ; 4a) −3 − 10i;
−5 + 31i 5 31
4b) or − + i; 5a) −1; 5b) i; 6a) −64; 6b) −7 − 24i; 7) 0.8 − 4.2i
34 34 34

269
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.1 Date:

Evaluate the radical expression if it is a real number. If it is not real, indicate so.

1. 144 1. ____________________________

25
2. 2. ____________________________
81

3. 0.36 3. ____________________________

4. 2.25 4. ____________________________

5. 4
−81 5. ____________________________

6. Evaluate: 3
−64 6. ____________________________

Use absolute value to evaluate.

7. ( 29 )2 7. ____________________________

8. ( −0.14 )2 8. ____________________________

Write as an absolute value.

(5x )
2
9. 2
−y 9. ____________________________

10. ( 4 x + 2 )2 10. ____________________________

Use absolute value to simplify. You may need to factor first.

11. y16 11. ____________________________

12. x 2 − 10 x + 25 12. ____________________________

13. 4a 2 − 28ab + 49b 2 13. ____________________________

270
Additional Exercises 7.1 (cont.) Name:

Find the value of the function. Use your calculator to approximate

irrational numbers to the nearest thousandth.

14. If f ( x ) = x + 1 , find f (15 ) . 14. ____________________________

15. If f ( x ) = 25 + 5 x , find f ( −3) . 15. ____________________________

16. If f ( x ) = 7 x 2 − 3 , find f ( 2 ) .
3
16. ____________________________

17. If f ( x ) = 4 4 x 2 − 3x + 9 , find f ( −1) . 17. ____________________________

3
x −5
18. Find the domain of 18. ____________________________
x +1

19. The velocity, v, of an object, in feet per second, after it has 19. ____________________________
fallen a distance, h, in feet, can be found by the formula
v = 64.4h . With what velocity will an object hit the ground
if it falls from 30 feet?

20. Graph f ( x ) = x − 3 . 20. y

271
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.2 Date:

Assume all variables represent positive real numbers. Write in exponential form.

( x)
4
9
1. 1. ____________________________

2. 5
y3 2. ____________________________

Write in radical form.

3. (12b ) 5 2/3
3. ____________________________

1
4. 4. ____________________________
3−1/ 2

Simplify each radical expression by changing the expression to exponential

form. Write the answer in radical form, when appropriate.

(x)
3
3 2
5. 5. ____________________________

4
6. x 28 6. ____________________________

( )
6
3
7. a 2b 7. ____________________________

5
8. x7 8. ____________________________

Evaluate if possible. If the expression is not a real number, so state.

9. ( 25)−1/ 2 + ( 27 )−1/ 3 9. ____________________________

−1/ 2
⎛ 121 ⎞
10. ⎜ ⎟ 10. ____________________________
⎝ 4 ⎠

Simplify. Write the answer in exponential form without negative exponents.

11. x5 / 4 ⋅ x5 / 2 11. ____________________________

12. x −1/ 2 ⋅ x −1/ 2 12. ____________________________

2
⎛ 16 x 3/ 5 ⎞
13. ⎜ 1/ 3 ⎟ 13. ____________________________
⎝ 2x ⎠

272
Additional Exercises 7.2 (cont.) Name:

(
14. Multiply −4 y −3/ 8 5 y1/ 8 − y 2 ) 14. ____________________________

5
15. Use a calculator to evaluate 209 . Round to the nearest hundredth. 15. ____________________________

Factor. Write the answer without negative exponents.

16. x1/ 2 + x3/ 2 16. ____________________________

17. x −5 + x −6 17. ____________________________

The formula used for carbon dating is P = P0 2−t / 5600 where P0 represents
the original amount of carbon 14 ( C14 ) present and P represents the
amount of C14 present after t years.

18. If 12 milligrams of C14 is present in a fossil now, how many 18. ____________________________
milligrams will be present in 4000 years?

19. If 25 milligrams of C14 is present in a piece of bone now, 19. ____________________________

how much will be present in 7000 years.

20. Find the domain of f ( x ) = ( x − 5 ) ( x + 3)1/ 2 .

1/ 2
20. ____________________________

273
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.3 Date:

Simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative, real numbers.

1. 176 1. ____________________________
4
2. 405 2. ____________________________

3
3. 192a 7 b3 3. ____________________________

4. 3
x5 y8 4. ____________________________

5. 216x 2 y 5 5. ____________________________

5
6. 1215a 6 b8 6. ____________________________

7. 100a100 7. ____________________________

8. x4 y9 8. ____________________________

9. 1575 9. ____________________________

10. 108x 4 y 5 10. ____________________________

11. 3
375x14 y13 11. ____________________________

12. 3
49x8 y 4 12. ____________________________

5
13. 128a13b 23 13. ____________________________

14. 8x6 y 5 14. ____________________________

32
15. 15. ____________________________
2

16
16. 16. ____________________________
81

75 x 2
17. 17. ____________________________
3

28 x 3 y 3
18. 18. ____________________________
7 x3 y 5

5 xy
19. 3 19. ____________________________
27 x10

3x6 y 9
20. 3 20. ____________________________
48 x 2 y

274
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.4 Date:

Simplify. Assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

1. 5 4 9 − 8 4 9 1. ____________________________

2. 19 3 y − 8 3 y − 4 3 y 2. ____________________________

3. 6 x − 17 − 10 x + 24 3. ____________________________

4. 45 − 320 4. ____________________________

5. 63x 2 y + x 28 y 5. ____________________________

6. 3
640 − 3 80 6. ____________________________

7. 3
−8 x − 4 3 x 4 + 9 3 x + 3x 3 x 7. ____________________________

8. 3
64 x − 9 3 x 4 − 6 3 x + 6 x 3 x 8. ____________________________

9. 12 x3 y 3 8 xy 2 9. ____________________________

5
10. 16a 7 b14 5 8a 6 b9 10. ____________________________

( )
2
11. 3
7 x4 y 2 11. ____________________________

12. 3 ( 75 + 27 ) 12. ____________________________

13. 6y ( 12 y − y 3 ) 13. ____________________________

14. ( 2 +5 )( 2 −4 ) 14. ____________________________

15. ( −6 x+ y )( x +8 y ) 15. ____________________________

( )
2
16. 7 −5 16. ____________________________

17. ( 3
4−35 )( 3
2 − 3 25 ) 17. ____________________________

18. ( 3
x −2 )( 3
x2 − 7 ) 18. ____________________________

275
Additional Exercises 7.4 (cont.) Name:

19. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle below. Write both in 19. ____________________________
simplified radical form.

300

48

20. Find the perimeter and area of the triangle below. Write both in 19. ____________________________
simplified radical form.

50 98
8

242

276
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.5 Date:

Simplify. Assume all variables represent non-negative, real numbers.

h
1. 1. ____________________________
6

5 6
2. 2. ____________________________
3

3
3. 3. ____________________________
32

6 x4
4. 4. ____________________________
2 x5

10
5. 5. ____________________________
10

18 x 3
6. 6. ____________________________
3x 4

2 x4 y5
7. 7. ____________________________
8z

r4
8. 6 8. ____________________________
9s 20

16 x 5 y 9
9. 3 9. ____________________________
2 x6

1 7
10. + 10. ____________________________
7 7

1
11. + 72 11. ____________________________
8

5 1
12. +3 + 45 12. ____________________________
2 5

3
13. 13. ____________________________
5− 6

277
Additional Exercises 7.5 (cont.) Name:

x
14. 14. ____________________________
x+ 2

5− 3
15. 15. ____________________________
5+ 3

6− 3
16. 16. ____________________________
6+ 3

3
x
17. 4
17. ____________________________
x

4
x10 y 6
18. 18. ____________________________
6
x2 y 4

3v
The radius, r, of a sphere with volume v can be found by the formula r = 3 .
4π

19. At a state fair, a spherical decoration is to have a volume of 19. ____________________________

1436 cubic feet. Find the approximate radius of the decoration.

20. Find the radius of a ball for a circus act, if the ball must have 20. ____________________________
a volume of 113,040 cubic inches.

278
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.6 Date:

Solve and check your solution(s). If the equation has no real solution, so state.
1. 3
x−5 = 2 1. ____________________________

2. x − 11 + 2 = 9 2. ____________________________

3. 3
x−9 = 6 3. ____________________________

4. x 2 + 5 x − 10 = x 4. ____________________________

5. x 2 − x − 30 = x + 5 5. ____________________________

6. 4− x +4 = x 6. ____________________________

7. m+9 +3 = m 7. ____________________________

8. (4a − 9)1/ 4 = (a − 3)1/ 4 8. ____________________________

9. x + 2 = 4 + 9x 9. ____________________________

10. x − 11 − x = −1 10. ____________________________

11. x+4 = x −4 11. ____________________________

12. 5 + x = 25 + 10 x 12. ____________________________

Given f ( x ) and g ( x ) , find all real values of x where f ( x ) = g ( x ) .

13. f ( x) = x + 5 , g ( x) = 2x − 3 13. ____________________________

14. f ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 3 x + 5 , g ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 7 x − 15 14. ____________________________

f ( x ) = ( 20 x − 11) 2 , g ( x ) = 3 ( 4 x − 3) 2
1 1
15. 15. ____________________________

Solve each formula for the variable indicated.

HR
16. u = for H 16. ____________________________
a

qX
17. r = for y 17. ____________________________
y

π 3A
The formula for the period of a pendulum on the moon is T = ,
2
where T is the period in seconds and A is the length in feet.
18. Find the period of a pendulum on the moon whose length is 12 feet. 18. ____________________________

19. Solve the formula for the period of a pendulum on the moon for A . 19. ____________________________

20. Find the length of a pendulum that has a period of 5 seconds on 20. ____________________________
the moon.

279
 Name:

Additional Exercises 7.7 Date:

Write each expression as a complex number in the form a + bi .

1. −7 + −100 1. ____________________________

2. 3i − −64 2. ____________________________

Perform the operations as indicated.

3. ( −6 − 9i ) − (8 + 5i ) 3. ____________________________

4. ( −13 + 7i ) − ( −4 − 11i ) 4. ____________________________

5. −108 + −75 5. ____________________________

6. −98 + −32 6. ____________________________

7. (14 + −63 − ) ( 49 − −28 ) 7. ____________________________

8. −4 ( 3 − 5i ) 8. ____________________________

9. 3i (11 − 4i ) 9. ____________________________

10. ( 5 + i )( −5 − 6i ) 10. ____________________________

11. (8 + i )( −4 + 9i ) 11. ____________________________

12. (8 − ⎛1
⎝
)
4
⎞
−18 ⎜ + −2 ⎟
⎠
12. ____________________________

7
13. 13. ____________________________
4i

3 + 8i
14. 14. ____________________________
2i

1 − 4i
15. 15. ____________________________
9+i

2
16. 16. ____________________________
7 − −343

Indicate whether the value is i, –1, –i, or 1.

17. i 203 17. ____________________________

18. i112 18. ____________________________

19. If f ( x ) = x 2 , find f ( 2 − i ) . 19. ____________________________

20. If f ( x ) = x 2 − 5 x , find f ( 3 + i ) . 20. ____________________________

280
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form A Date:

1. Evaluate: − 3 − 125 1. ____________________________

25
2. Evaluate: 2. ____________________________
144

3. Write as an absolute value: 4 x 2 − 12 x + 9 3. ____________________________

( )
35
4. Write in radical form: 7b 2 c 4. ____________________________

5. Write in exponential form: 5

x3 y 2 5. ____________________________

For questions 6 – 17, assume all variables represent positive real numbers.

4
6. Simplify: x12 6. ____________________________

7. Simplify: 75 7. ____________________________

8. Simplify: − 20x6 y 7 z12 8. ____________________________

20 x 4
9. Simplify: 4 9. ____________________________
81x − 8

10. Simplify: 8 − 12 10. ____________________________

11. Simplify: ( x+y )( x−y ) 11. ____________________________

12. Simplify: 4
3x9 y12 4
54 x 4 y 7 12. ____________________________

x
13. Simplify: 13. ____________________________
13

5
14. Rationalize the denominator: 14. ____________________________
2 +1

c − 2d
15. Rationalize the denominator: 15. ____________________________
c− d

281
Chapter 7 Test Form A (cont.) Name:

2 1
16. Simplify: − 3 50 − 16. ____________________________
50 8

12 − − 12
17. Divide: 17. ____________________________
3 + −5

18. Solve and check solution(s): z2 + 3 = z + 1 18. ____________________________

19. Solve and check solution(s): x +1 = 2 − x 19. ____________________________

20. Write the complex number 21 − − 36 in the form a + bi. 20. ____________________________

282
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form B Date:

1
1. Evaluate : 3 1. ____________________________
27

2. Use absolute value to evaluate ( 5 x − 8 )2 . 2. ____________________________

(7x )
−1 6
3. Write in radical form: 2
+ 2 y3 3. ____________________________

4. Simplify: y6 4. ____________________________

5. Simplify and write the answer in exponential form without 5. ____________________________

14 3 12
⎛ 81z y ⎞
negative exponents: ⎜ 14 ⎟
⎝ 9z ⎠

(
6. Multiply: − 9z 3 2 z 3 2 − z − 3 2 ) 6. ____________________________

4
7. Simplify: 80 7. ____________________________

For questions 8 – 9, assume all variables are positive. Simplify the given expressions.

8. 4
48x11 y 21 8. ____________________________

150a10b11
9. 9. ____________________________
2ab 2

Simplify each expression in questions 10 – 12.

10. 3 5 + 500 − 80 10. ____________________________

11. (3 a − 7 b )( 3 a + 7 b ) 11. ____________________________

12. 3 ( 75 + 15 ) 12. ____________________________

20 y 4 z 3
13. Simplify: 13. ____________________________
3 xy − 2

283
Chapter 7 Test Form B (cont.) Name:

Rationalize the denominator in problems 14 – 15.

5
14. 14. ____________________________
6+ 5

2
15. 15. ____________________________
x+2 −3

8 100
16. Simplify: 2 −4 16. ____________________________
3 6

Solve and check your solution(s) in questions 17 – 18.

17. x + 2x = 1 17. ____________________________

18. y +1 = y+5−2 18. ____________________________

19. Add: ( ) (
20 − −12 + 2 5 + − 75 ) 19. ____________________________

10 + − 3
20. Divide: 20. ____________________________
5 − − 20

284
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form C Date:

1. Use absolute value to evaluate ( −6 ) 2 . 1. ____________________________

2. Write as an absolute value. x 2 − 10 x + 25 2. ____________________________

1/ 3
⎛ 27 x3 ⎞
3. Simplify ⎜ 9 ⎟
3. ____________________________
⎝ −y ⎠

4. Graph f ( x ) = x − 2 4. y

5. Write in exponential form: 3

x2 y 5. ____________________________

Simplify. Assume that all variables represent positive real numbers.

6. 24a9 b6 6. ____________________________

7. 14 x 7 xy 2 7. ____________________________

60 x 4
8. 8. ____________________________
12 x

7
9. 9. ____________________________
3x

−2
10. 10. ____________________________
1− 2

11. 8 + 2 32 11. ____________________________

12. 7 64 x − 2 25 x − 4 36 x 12. ____________________________

13. ( 6 + 2 )( 2 − 2 ) 13. ____________________________

14. 3
xy 2 14. ____________________________

3
x4
15. 15. ____________________________
x

285
Chapter 7 Test Form C (cont.) Name:

Solve.

16. 3
n−2 = 4 16. ____________________________

17. 13 − x + 1 = x 17. ____________________________

18. Multiply ( 2 + 5i ) ( 4 − 2i ) 18. ____________________________

2 + 3i
19. Divide 19. ____________________________
1 − 2i

20. Evaluate x 2 − x + 1 for x = 3 − 2i . 20. ____________________________

286
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form D Date:

1. Use absolute value to evaluate ( −9 ) 2 . 1. ____________________________

2. Write as an absolute value. 4 x2 − 4 x + 1 2. ____________________________

3. Simplify x1/ 2 ⋅ x1/ 4 . 3. ____________________________

4. Graph f ( x ) = x + 2 4. y

5. Write in exponential form: 6

xy 5 5. ____________________________

Simplify. Assume that all variables represent positive real numbers.

6. 45x 2 y 3 z 5 6. ____________________________

7. 2 x 18 y 2 7. ____________________________

42a 3b5
8. 8. ____________________________
14a 2 b

6
9. 9. ____________________________
5

3
10. 10. ____________________________
2− 3

11. 3
81 + 6 3 3 − 3 24 11. ____________________________

12. 2a 27ab5 + 3b2 3a3b 12. ____________________________

13. ( 5 −6 )( 5 −3 ) 13. ____________________________

14. 72x6 y 4 z 14. ____________________________

3
x5
15. 15. ____________________________
4
x3

287
Chapter 7 Test Form D (cont.) Name:

Solve.

16. 7x − 3 = 2 16. ____________________________

17. 2x −1 = x − 2 17. ____________________________

18. Multiply ( 4 + 3i ) ( 6 + i ) 18. ____________________________

−4 − 7 i
19. Divide 19. ____________________________
6i

20. Evaluate x 2 + 5 x − 2 for x = 2 − 3i . 20. ____________________________

288
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form E Date:

2
⎛ 1⎞
1. Use absolute value to evaluate ⎜− ⎟ . 1. ____________________________
⎝ 8⎠

2. Write as an absolute value. x2 + 2 x + 1 2. ____________________________

3
⎛ x −1/ 3 ⎞
3. Simplify ⎜ 2 ⎟ 3. ____________________________
⎝ y ⎠

4. Graph f ( x ) = − x 4. y

5. Write in exponential form: 10

x9 y 7 z 3 5. ____________________________

Simplify. Assume that all variables represent positive real numbers.

6. 3
−8x5 y 9 6. ____________________________

7. 27 x3 3xy 2 7. ____________________________

75a 4 b 7
8. 8. ____________________________
3ab3

7
9. 3 9. ____________________________
9

4
10. 10. ____________________________
3+ 2

3 2 1
11. + 11. ____________________________
2 2

12. 3 8 x 2 + 2 18 x 2 − 4 x 2 12. ____________________________

13. ( 7 −2 )( 7 −8 ) 13. ____________________________

14. 3
x2 y 4 14. ____________________________

x
15. 4
15. ____________________________
x

289
Chapter 7 Test Form E (cont.) Name:

Solve.

16. 3
4x − 3 = 5 16. ____________________________

17. 2 x + 32 − 4 = x 17. ____________________________

18. Multiply ( 2 + 3i )( 4 + 5i ) 18. ____________________________

4 − 5i
19. Divide 19. ____________________________
2i

20. Evaluate x 2 − 3 for x = 2 − 5i . 20. ____________________________

290
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form F Date:

2
⎛ 4⎞
1. Use absolute value to evaluate ⎜− ⎟ . 1. ____________________________
⎝ 9⎠

2. Write as an absolute value. x 2 − 20 x + 100 2. ____________________________

3. Simplify x 2 / 5 ⋅ x 2 3. ____________________________

4. Graph f ( x ) = x + 2 4. y

5. Write in radical form: ( x 3 y 2 )

1/ 5
5. ____________________________

Simplify. Assume that all variables represent positive real numbers.

6. 50x 2 y 6 6. ____________________________

7. 3 ( 27 − 3 ) 7. ____________________________

48 xy 7
8. 3 8. ____________________________
6 y4

5
9. 3
9. ____________________________
a

2
10. 10. ____________________________
5+2

11. 300 − 12 + 3 11. ____________________________

12. 5 9 x − 3 4 x + 6 16 x 12. ____________________________

13. ( 6+4 )( 6 −4 ) 13. ____________________________

14. 3
x4 y3 14. ____________________________

x
15. 3
15. ____________________________
x

291
Chapter 7 Test Form F (cont.) Name:

Solve.

16. 3
3x + 2 = 2 16. ____________________________

17. 2 x + 14 = x + 3 17. ____________________________

18. Multiply ( 3 + 2i )( 5 + 4i ) 18. ____________________________

−5i
19. Divide 19. ____________________________
2 − 4i

20. Evaluate x 2 + x + 1 for x = 2 − i . 20. ____________________________

292
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form G Date:

1. Use absolute value to evaluate. ( −16 )2

(a) –16 (b) 16 (c) –4 (d) 4

2. Write as an absolute value. x 2 − 8 x + 16

(a) x+4 (b) x − 4 (c) x 2 − 8 x + 16 (d) x 2 + 8 x + 16

3
⎛ x −1/ 3 ⎞
3. Simplify ⎜ 1/ 3 ⎟ .
⎝ y ⎠
y3 1 1 y
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x3 x y 3 3
xy x

4. Write x 6 / 5 as a simplified radical.

6 5
(a) x5 (b) x6 (c) x 6 x (d) x 5 x

5. Graph f ( x ) = x − 2
y y
(a) (b)
4 4
2 2
y y
(c) (d)
4 4
2 2

—4 —2 2 4 x —4 —2 2 4 x —4 —2 4 x —4 —2 2 4 x
—2 —2 —2 —2
—4 —4 —4 —4

Simplify. Assume that all variables represent positive real numbers.

6. 8x3 y 5

(a) 4 xy 2 2 xy (b) 2 xy 2 2 xy (c) 4 x 2 y 4 2 xy (d) 2 xy 3 4 xy 2

3
7. 4a 2 3 8a
(a) 2 3 4a (b) 4 3 2a (c) 4a 3 2 (d) 2a 3 4

40 xy 3
8.
8x
(a) y 5 y (b) 5y (c) 5 y (d) 5y

7a 2
9.
b
a 7b ab ab 7
(a) a 7b (b) (c) (d)
b 7 b

7
10.
2− 3
(a) 14 − 7 3 (b) 14 + 7 3 (c) −14 − 7 3 (d) −14 + 7 3

293
Chapter 7 Test Form G (cont.) Name:

11. 3
16 − 2 3 2
(a) 0 (b) 2 3 2 (c) 4 3 2 (d) 8 3 2

12. 4 20 x + 5 45 x − 10 80 x
(a) 33 5x (b) 101 5x (c) −17 5x (d) 51 5x

( )
2
13. 3 +1

(a) 4 (b) 4 + 2 3 (c) 4 + 3 (d) 4 + 6

8
14. 3
2 4
(a) 2 3 4 (b) 4 3 4 (c) 3
2 (d) 4 3 2

5
x4
15. 3
x
5 15 15
(a) x3 (b) 3
x (c) x7 (d) x3

16. Solve. x−2 −6 = 0

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 38 (d) no real solution

17. Solve. x+7 = x−5

(a) 2, 9 (b) 2 (c) 9 (d) no real solution

18. Multiply ( 2 + 3i )( 4 − 3i )
(a) 8 − 9i (b) –1 (c) −1 + 6i (d) 17 + 6i

4
19. Divide
5 − 2i
20 − 8i 20 − 8i 20 + 8i 20 + 8i
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 29 3 29

20. Evaluate x 2 − 2 x + 3 for x = 1 − i .

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) –1

294
 Name:

Chapter 7 Test Form H Date:

1. Use absolute value to evaluate ( −36 )2

(a) –6 (b) 6 (c) –36 (d) 36

2. Write as an absolute value x 2 − 8 x + 16

(a) x−4 (b) x + 4 (c) x 2 − 8 x + 16 (d) x 2 + 8 x + 16

3. Simplify x1/ 5 ⋅ x1/ 2 .

(a) x 7 /10 (b) x1/10 (c) x 2 / 5 (d) x5 / 2

4. Write x 7 / 5 in simplified radical form.

(a) x 7 x 2 (b) x 5 x 2 (c) 7

x5 (d) 5
x7

5. Graph f ( x ) = x + 1
y y y y
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2

2 4 6 8 x 2 4 6 8 x 2 4 6 8 x 2 6 8 x
—2 —2 —2 —2
—4 —4 —4 —4

Simplify. Assume that all variables represent positive real numbers.

6. 32x 2 y 3

(a) 8xy 2 xy (b) 2 xy 8 y 2 (c) 8 xy 4 xy (d) 4 xy 2 y

3
7. x 2 3 16 x 4
(a) 2 x 3 2 x (b) 2 x 2 3 2 (c) 4 x 3 2 x (d) 2 x 3 2 x 2

50 x3 y 2
8.
2 xy
(a) 5 xy (b) 5y x (c) 5x y (d) 5xy

3
9. 3
5
3 3 3
45 15 75 33 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5

−1
10.
3−2
(a) 3+2 (b) 3−2 (c) − 3 + 2 (d) − 3 − 2

295
Chapter 7 Test Form H (cont.) Name:

11. 3 27 + 5 12
(a) 16 6 (b) 47 3 (c) 19 2 (d) 19 3

12. 5 27n − 12n − 6 3n

(a) 35 3n (b) 7 3n (c) −2 3n (d) −11 3n

13. ( 3 +1 )( 3 −5 )
(a) −2 − 4 3 (b) −2 + 4 3 (c) 2 − 4 3 (d) 2 + 4 3

14. x2 y

(a) 3
x2 y (b) x 4 y (c) 4
x2 y (d) x y

4
x3
15.
3
x2
3 12 4
(a) x4 (b) 12
x (c) x5 (d) x5

16. Solve. 3x − 5 = 8
59 1
(a) 21 (b) (c) (d) no real solution
3 3

17. Solve. x−2 = x−4

(a) 6, 3 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) no real solution

(
18. Multiply 5 − −2 3 + −2 )( )
(a) 17 + 2i 2 (b) 13 + 2i 2 (c) 17 − 2i 2 (d) 13 − 2i 2

4
19. Divide
5i
i 5i 4i 4i
(a) (b) (c) − (d)
5 4 5 5

20. Evaluate x 2 − 4 for x = 2 − 3i .

(a) 9 (b) –9 – 12i (c) –9 (d) 9 – 12i

296