The UN MCS on Men and Violence in

Asia and the Pacific: implications for

GBV Programming




James Lang
Regional Advisor, UNDP


The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not
guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their
use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or
necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.


Key points
1. Patterns of prevalence and risk factors
change across the study sites, so it is critical
to know your epidemic
2. How to use research, theory and evidence to
drive prevention programming
3. The findings support theories on
masculinities and call for gender
transformative approaches

2
3
Know your epidemic
There different patters of prevalence


Prevention planning includes:
Data - on prevalence, drivers, risk and
protective factors and consequences
Evidence - What interventions are
promising, adaptable and scalable and
WHY?
Theories of change - what will change,
and how the change will occur
4
Cambodia: Sexual more common than
Physical violence
5
20.8%
8.3%
5.2%
20.2%
11.1%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
IPV rape Non-partner
rape
Gang rape Any rape
(lifetime)
Any rape
(current)
The main motivation for rape is sexual
entitlement
6
45%
61%
45%
23%
55%
27%
45%
52%
42%
12%
31%
14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Female partner rape Female non-partner rape Any rape against a woman
P
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Sexual entitlement
Bored/have fun
Punishment/anger
Drinking
Mens reported motivations for rape perpetration
Age when first raped woman/girl, among men
who reported committing rape (n=210)

16
37
31
7
9
Under 15 yrs
15-19 yrs
20-29 yrs
30-39 yrs
40+ yrs
53% were 19 or
under when first raped
Mens childhood experiences of
violence
65
16
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Mens experiences of
abuse during
childhood are common
Mens experiences of
abuse are significantly
associated with
perpetration
Need to end VAC and
nurture health family
environments

8
Research-driven programming

Low age of rape
perpetration
Motivations:
Sexual
entitlement & fun
Perpetration
associated with
child abuse
Prevalence of
gang rape


9
Target Population:
Young men and women (younger
than usually targeted) & parents
Key influencers of young men and
women (parents, teachers, etc.)
Change Objectives:
Child protection
Attitudes related to sexual consent
Youth empowerment, employment
and gang avoidance
Social norms for manhood &
womens roles and choice

10
Empirical findings and gender theory
Not working with men, but transformation
Evidence of effective projects:

Gender transformative
interventions are promising:

address masculinities
sustained intensity
combined approaches
work with different groups
Reproducing Masculinities in Sri Lanka
12
% of who agree or strongly agree with statements

Male % Female %
There are times when a woman deserves to be beaten
26 49
A woman should tolerate violence in order to keep her
family together
41 69
To be a man, you need to be tough
57 74
To be a man means providing for your family and your
extended family
70 80
It is manly to defend the honour of your family even by
violent means
32 64
Transforming masculinities
Individual and family level changes
Address the consequences of masculinities for women,
children and men themselves.
Promote family flexible roles, men as caretakers and shared
decision making
Social norm change
Promote masculinities defined by caring, consent and non-
violence
Reverse community support/tolerance for mens use of
violence

13
Transforming masculinities
14
15
Thank you!

www.partners4prevention.org

VIDEO: UN Multi-country Study on
Men and Violence
http://partners4prevention.org/un-
mcs-video