DIESEL ENGINE GOVERNING

&
SPEED CONTROL


By
Er.Laxman Singh Sankhla
B.E.Mech., Chartered Engineer
Jodhpur, India
Mail ID: laxman9992001@yahoo.co.in
































GOVERNING AND SPEED CONTROL.
Governor is a device that controls the engine speed automatically. They can be
mechanical, hydraulic or electronic.
The main components in a governor are;
1) Speed sensing mechanism, usually a fly-ball assembly for mechanical
hydraulic governor and a frequency transducer for electro-hydraulic unit,
2) Control mechanism of either mechanical linkages connecting to the fuel
control unit in a mechanical unit or a hydraulic unit with linkages in a hydraulic
system.
Flywheel is used to regulate speed. We know that kinetic energy of a rotating part is
proportional to its inertia. So, Heavier the flywheel and larger its diameter, the greater
its inertia. Flywheels thus absorb a given amount of surplus power depending on its
weight and diameter and make the engine run steadier and release the stored power
during the suction, compression and exhaust cycle. Flywheels thus assist in the
speed control of the engine.









Figure 8.0
In centrifugal flyweight governors (fig. 8.0), two forces oppose each other. One of
these forces is tension spring (or springs) which may be varied either by an adjusting
device or by movement of the manual throttle. The engine produces the other force.
Weights, attached to the governor drive shaft, are rotated, and a centrifugal force is
created when the engine drives the shaft. The centrifugal force varies with the speed
of the engine. Transmitted to the fuel system through a connecting linkage, the
tension of the spring (or springs) tends to increase the amount of fuel delivered to the
cylinders. On the other hand, the centrifugal force of the rotating weights, through
connecting linkage, tends to reduce the quantity of fuel injected. When the two
opposing forces are equal, or balanced, the speed of the engine remains constant
In hydraulic governors (fig. 9.0), the power, which moves the engine throttle, does
NOT come from the speed-measuring device, but instead comes from a hydraulic
power piston, or servomotor. This is a piston that is acted upon by fluid pressure,
generally oil under the pressure of a pump. By using appropriate piston size and oil
pressure, the power of the governor at its output shaft (work capacity) can be made
sufficient to operate the fuel-changing mechanism of the largest engines.

Figure 9.0.