UMTS W-CDMA

-By Rohit Joshi

Contents
Basic Architecture of 3G ( W-CDMA ) system
How do CDMA systems work?
Channel structures of W-CDMA system
A simplified flow of radio access
UMTS Overview
UMTS and 3G wireless
Staged roll-out with "vintages" releases:
Release 3 ("1999") GPRS data services
Multimedia messaging service (MMS) = SMS successor ~ MIME email
RAN via evolved CDMA
Release 4: March 2001
Release 5: March-June 2002
Release 6: June 2003 all-IP network
Main new features (affecting packet services):
All-IP transport in the Radio Access and Core Networks
Enhancements of services and service management
High-speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
Introduces additional downlink channels:
High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)
Shared Control Channels for HS-DSCH
UMTS Data Rates
macrocell 2 km 144 kb/s
microcell 1 km 384 kb/s
picocell 60 m 2 Mb/s
Follow-on to GSM, but WCDMA physical layer
New spectrum around 2 GHz
Radio transmission modes:
frequency division duplex (FDD): 2 x 60 MHz
time division duplex (TDD): 15 + 20 MHz
Chip rate 3.84 Mcps channel bandwidth 4.4 5 MHz
UMTS QoS Class
conversational voice, video conferencing low delay, strict
ordering
streaming video streaming modest delay,
strict ordering
interactive web browsing, games modest delay
background email download no delay
guarantees
UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture

Node B
UE
Applic.
PDCP
PHY
Iu Uu
GTP-U
UDP
AAL5/
ATM
IP
RNC
IP
TCP
GGSN
GTP-U
SGSN
IP
IP routing
UDP/
TCP
Gn/Gp
IP IP
IP
TCP
IP
server
IP
Gi
GTP-U
UDP
AAL5/
ATM
IP
GTP-U
UDP/
TCP
IP
GPRS
IP backbone
Gn
Application
RLC
MAC
Iu UP Iu UP
IP
PDCP
RLC
MAC
Iub
PHY
AAL2/
ATM
PHY
AAL2/
ATM
FP FP
Radio Bearers
Logical channels
Transport channels
UTRAN Packet switched Core Network
Physical channels
Radio Access Bearers
Iu
Iur
Iu
Iub Iub Iub Iub
CN
RNC RNC
NB NB NB NB
Uu Uu Uu Uu
UMTS Architecture Simplified
UMTS Gateway Architecture
Legacy Mobile
Signaling Networks
Roaming Signaling
Gateway (R-SGW)
Ms Mh
HSS
PSTN/Legacy/External
Multimedia
IP Networks
Gi
Gi
CSCF
MRF
Cx
Mr
Gi
Mm
Media Gateway
(MGW)
Media Gateway
Control Function
(MGCF)
Transport Switching
Gateway (T-SGW)
Mc (= H.248)
Gi
Mg
GGSN
Media Gateway
(MGW)
SGSN
Alves
UMTS Rel-4 Rel-5 Architecture
IM Sub System
UA
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
Gm
Mw Mw
SLF
Dx
Cx
HSS AS
Cx
SIP
SIP SIP
SIP
Diameter
Sh
Visited
Domain
Home
Domain
ISC
Home
Subscriber
Server
Application
Server
Subscription
Location Function
Diameter
Call State Control Function (CSCF)
Proxy-CSCF
Accesspoint to domain
Hides topology and configuration
Interrogating-CSCF
Session control services
Registration, AS usage, charging, etc
Serving-CSCF
(User Agent)
Jalava
UE
CDMA
Spread Spectrum
Spread the radio signal over a wide frequency range by
modulating it with a code word unique to the radio
Receivers correlator distinguishes signals by examining the
spectrum with a time synchronised duplicate of the spreading
code
Power limited system
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)
Carrier is modulated by a digital code in which code bit rate is much
larger than information bit rate.
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Carrier frequency is shifted in discrete increments in a pattern
generated by a code sequence.
FREQUENCY
TIME
USER # 1
USER # 2
USER # 3
USER # 4
USER # 5
FREQUENCY
TIME
GUARD BANDS
FDMA
U
S
E
R


#


1
U
S
E
R


#


2
U
S
E
R


#

3U
S
E
R


#


4U
S
E
R


#

5
TIME
FREQUENCY
GUARD BANDS
TDMA
Time
Pseudocodes
Pseudocode N
Pseudocode N+1
Pseudocode N+2
CDMA
FREQUENCY
Multiple Access
Concept of channels in W-CDMA
Single Carrier of 5 MHz
Separate Carrier for Uplink & Downlink
Chip rate of 3.84 Mcps
Channelisation codes & Scrambling codes Identify various
channels
Channelization Codes
UTRAN Architecture
Protocol Architecture for UMTS
C Plane U Plane
Transport
Network
layer
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport Network
Control Plane
APPLICATION
PART
DATA STREAM
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Protocol in Iub Interface
SSCF-UNI
SSCOP
AAL5
SSCF-UNI
SSCOP
AAL5
Q2630.1
Q2150.2
ALCAP
AAL2
Node B
Application Part
NBAP
Various Frame
Protocols
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
C Plane U Plane
Transport Network
C Plane
Protocol in Iur Interface
SSCOP
AAL5
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
Q2630.1
Q2150.1
ALCAP
AAL2
Radio Network
Subsystem
Application Part
RNSAP
Iur Data Streams
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
C Plane U Plane
Transport Network
C Plane
SCCP
SSCF-NNI
MTP3-B MTP3-B ITUN
SCTP
UDP/IP
ITUN
SCTP
UDP/IP
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Protocol in Iu Interface CS
SSCOP
AAL5
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
Q2630.1
Q2150.1
ALCAP
AAL2
Radio Access
Network
Application Part
RANAP
Iu Protocol Layer
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
C Plane U Plane
Transport Network
C Plane
SCCP
SSCF-NNI
MTP3-B MTP3-B
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Protocol in Iu Interface PS
SSCOP
AAL5 AAL5
Radio Access
Network
Application Part
RANAP
Iu Protocol Layer
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
C Plane U Plane
Transport Network
C Plane
SCCP
SSCF-NNI
MTP3-B ITUN
SCTP
UDP/IP
IP
UPD
GTP-U
UMTS Control Plane Protocol for CS Service
MAC
RLC
RRC
L1
MS
UTRAN
3G-MSC/VLR
MM/CM/
SMS
Uu
Iu
MM/CM/
SMS
RANAP
SCCP
AAL5
ATM ATM
AAL5
MTP3-B /
SSCOP
SCCP
RANAP
RELAY
RRC
RLC
MAC
L1
MTP3-B /
SSCOP
UMTS User Plane Protocol for CS Services
MAC
RLC
L1
MS
UTRAN
3G-MSC/VLR
CS
application
like coded
voice
Uu
Iu
Trans-coding
function
AAL2
ATM ATM
AAL2
RELAY
RLC
MAC
L1
25.415 25.415
UMTS Control Plane Protocol for PS
MAC
RLC
RRC
L1
MS UTRAN
3G-SGSN
GMM/SM
/SMS
Uu
Iu
GMM/SM
/SMS
RANAP
SCCP
SIGNALLING
BEARER
AAL5
ATM ATM
AAL5
SIGNALLING
BEARER
SCCP
RANAP
RELAY
RRC
RLC
MAC
L1
UMTS User Plane Protocol for PS
MAC
RLC
PDCP
MAC
RLC
PDCP GTP-U
UDP/
IP
AAL5
GTP-U
UDP/
IP
AAL5
L1
L2
UDP/
IP
GTP-U
L1
L1 ATM ATM
RELAY RELAY
APPLICATION
IP,PPP,X.25,
OSP
LI
L2
UDP/IP
GTP-U
IP,PPP,X.25
,OSP
MS
UTRAN 3G-SGSN
GGSN
Uu Iu
Gn
Radio Interface
RADIO Subsystem Access Points
PCCH BCCH DCCH CCCH DTCH
MAC Layer
GC-SAP Nt-SAP DC-SAP
RLC/RRC
PHYSICAL LAYER
CTCH SHCCH
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
Typical Channel Structure of CDMA
Hierarchy of Radio Resource
Logical Transport Channels
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
Physical Channels
UTRA ( FDD ) or W-CDMA
Basic Physical Resource code/frequency/phase
There are two types of codes
Channelisation
Scrambling
In IS-95 their equivalent are
Walsh codes
PN sequences
The Physical channel is defined by a combination of
these basic physical resources
There are hierarchical channel resources from radio
resource perspective
Types of Uplink Physical Channels
Dedicated physical channels ( DPCH )
Common physical channels
Random Access Channel ( PRACH )
Common Packet Channel ( PCPCH )
Each physical channel has a associated
separate control channel
Uplink Physical Channels
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
Pilot bits TFCI bits FBI bits TPC bits
DATA bits
DPCCH
DPDCH
C
ch,256,0
Uplink Physical RACH Message Part
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
Pilot bits TFCI bits
DATA bits
Control Part
Data Part
C
ch,256,m
C
ch,SF,m
Types of Downlink Physical Channels
Dedicated physical channels ( DPCH )
Common physical channels
Acquisition indication Channel ( AICH )
Paging indication Channel ( PICH )
Common pilot Channel ( CPICH )
Primary common control channel ( P- CCPCH)
Secondary common control channel ( S-CCPCH )
Physical downlink shared channel ( PDSCH )
Downlink Physical Data Channel
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
Pilot bits
TFCI
bits
TPC
bits
DDPCH
Data 1 bits Data 2 bits
Downlink Physical Shared Channel
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
PDSCH
Data bits
Downlink P-CCPCH
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
2560 CHIPS
256 CHIPS
ac
p
ac
s
i,7
Channelisation code
C
ch,256,1
Secondary synchronisation channel
Primary synchronisation channel
Broadcast channel
BCH = 27kbps
Downlink CPICH
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
2560 CHIPS
Channelisation code
C
ch,256,0
Common Pilot Channel
CPICH = 30kbps
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Downlink AICH
Two Frame 20ms
AS
Slot 0
5120 CHIPS
AS
Slot 1
AS
Slot 2
AS
Slot 3
AS
Slot 4
AS
Slot 5
AS
Slot 6
AS
Slot 7
AS
Slot 8
AS
Slot 9
AS
Slot
10 AS
Slot
11
AS
Slot
12 AS
Slot
13
AS
Slot
14
AI Empty
4096 chips
1024 chips
Downlink AP-AICH
Two Frame 20ms
AS
Slot 0
5120 CHIPS
AS
Slot 1
AS
Slot 2
AS
Slot 3
AS
Slot 4
AS
Slot 5
AS
Slot 6
AS
Slot 7
AS
Slot 8
AS
Slot 9
AS
Slot
10 AS
Slot
11
AS
Slot
12 AS
Slot
13
AS
Slot
14
API Empty
4096 chips
1024 chips
Downlink CD/CA-ICH
Two Frame 20ms
AS
Slot 0
5120 CHIPS
AS
Slot 1
AS
Slot 2
AS
Slot 3
AS
Slot 4
AS
Slot 5
AS
Slot 6
AS
Slot 7
AS
Slot 8
AS
Slot 9
AS
Slot
10 AS
Slot
11
AS
Slot
12 AS
Slot
13
AS
Slot
14
CDI/CAI Empty
4096 chips
1024 chips
Downlink CSICH
Two Frame 20ms
AS
Slot 0
5120 CHIPS
AS
Slot 1
AS
Slot 2
AS
Slot 3
AS
Slot 4
AS
Slot 5
AS
Slot 6
AS
Slot 7
AS
Slot 8
AS
Slot 9
AS
Slot
10 AS
Slot
11
AS
Slot
12 AS
Slot
13
AS
Slot
14
Tx Off SI
4096 chips
1024 chips
Downlink PICH
There are certain number of Paging Indicator per frame
The number of bits per Paging indicator depend upon the
number of Paging Indicators
A UE is always associated to a Paging indicator
Frame of 10ms
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2 Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 1 0
Slot 11
Slot 12
Slot 13
Slot 14
300 Bits
12 Bits
Unused
288 Bits used for Paging
Transport Channels
Transport Channel Types
Transport Channels
RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL ( RACH )
BROADCAST CHANNEL ( BCH )
PAGING CHANNEL ( PCH )
FORWARD ACCESS CHANNEL ( FACH )
COMMON PACKET CHANNEL ( CPCH )
DOWNLINK SHARED CHANNEL ( DSCH )
DEDICATED CHANNEL ( DCH )
Mapping Between Transport & Physical Channels
TRANSPORT CHANNELS
BCH PCH RACH FACH DSCH DCH CPCH
P-CCPCH S-CCPCH PRACH PDSCH DPDCH PCPCH
PHYSICAL CHANNELS
Note : CPICH , SCH , DPCCH , AICH ,PICH dont have
any transport channel associated with them.
RACH Protocol Model

PHY PHY
RachFP
RachFP
MAC-c/ sh
Iub
UE
NodeB
CRNC
Uu
Iur
MAC-d
CCCH
DCCH DTCH
SRNC
TNL
TNL
MAC-c/ sh
MAC-d
CCCH DTCH DCCH
TNL
RACH
FP
TNL
RACH
FP
FACH Protocol Model

PHY PHY
FachFP
Iub
UE
NodeB CRNC
Uu
Iur SRNC
TNL
FachFP
MAC-c/sh/m
MAC-d
CCCH
DCCH DTCH
TNL
MAC-c / sh
MAC-d
CCCH
DTCH DCCH
TNL
FACH
FP
TNL
FACH
FP
MTCH
MSCH
MCCH
MCCH MTCH
MSCH
DCH Protocol Model

PHY PHY
DchFP
MAC-d
Iub
UE
NodeB CRNC Uu SRNC Iur
MAC-d
DCCH DTCH
DchFP
PHY-upper PHY
TNL
TNL
DTCH DCCH
TNL TNL
DchFP DchFP
PHY
DSCH Protocol Model

PHY PHY
DschFP
Iub
UE
NodeB CRNC
Uu
Iur SRNC
TNL
DschFP
MAC-c/ sh
MAC-d
DCCH DTCH
TNL
MAC-c/ sh
MAC-d
DTCH DCCH
TNL
DschFP
TNL
DschFP
HSDSCH Protocol Model

PHY PHY TNL
HS-
DSCHFP
Iub
UE
NodeB CRNC
Uu
Iur SRNC
TNL
HS-
DSCHFP
CRNC HS-DSCH
Flow Control
TNL TNL
MAC-d
DCCH DTCH
MAC-d
DTCH DCCH
HS-
DSCHFP
HS-
DSCHFP
MAC-hs
MAC-
hs
Logical Channels
Logical Channel Types
Control Logical Channels
Broadcast Control Channel ( BCCH )
Paging Control Channel ( PCCH )
Dedicated Control Channel ( DCCH )
Common Control Channel ( CCCH )
Shared Channel Control Channel ( SHCCH )
Traffic Logical Channels
Dedicated Traffic Channel ( DTCH )
Common Traffic Channel ( CTCH )
Mapping Between Logical & Transport Channels
LOGICAL CHANNELS
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH CTCH
BCH PCH RACH FACH DSCH DCH CPCH
TRANSPORT CHANNELS
UTRAN MAC Architecture

FACH RACH
DCCH DTCH DTCH
DSCH
TDD only

MAC Control
Iur or local

MAC Control
DCH DCH
MAC-d
USCH
TDD only
MAC-c/sh/m


CCCH
CTCH

BCCH
SHCCH
TDD only
PCCH
FACH PCH USCH
TDD only
DSCH
TDD only

MAC Control
HS- DSCH HS- DSCH
Associated Uplink
Signalling
Associated Downlink
Signalling
MAC-hs
Configuration
without MAC - c/sh
Configuration
with MAC
Configuration
with MAC-c/sh
E-DCH
Associated Uplink
Signalling
Associated Downlink
Signalling
MAC Control
MAC-es
MAC-e
MAC Control
Iub
c/sh
MSCH
MTCH MCCH
Network Procedures
Cell Search/Identification
The Primary synchronization code is the same for
every cell in the system
The Secondary synchronization code is a
sequence of 15 codes from a set of 16 codes
Each cell is allocated one and only one primary
scrambling code
Scrambling codes are divided into 64 code groups
; each code group having 8 primary scrambling
codes . Each primary scrambling code has
associated 15 secondary scrambling codes
W-CDMA Cell Setup
NODE-B RNC
RESOURCE STATUS INDICATION
CELL SETUP REQUEST
CELL SETUP RESPONSE
COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP
COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP RESPONSE
SYSTEM INFORMATION
Mobile States
IDLE STATE
CONNECTED STATES
IDLE STATE IDLE STATE
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
CELL_PCH
CELL_URA
RRC Connection Setup In Dedicated Mode
UE Node B
Serving RNS
Serving
RNC
5. NodeB-SRNC Data Transport Bearer Sync
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
RRC
RRC
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request
NBAP NBAP
RRC
RRC
6. CCCH : RRC Connection Setup
Start RX
description
Start TX
description
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
RRC
RRC
7. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete
2. Radio Link Setup Request
NBAP NBAP
3. Radio Link Setup Response
Hand Off in CDMA
Hard Handoff
Softer Handoff
Soft Handoff
Soft Handover
Linear
Comb.
T
T
T
P
P
P
A
A
A
s
s
s
Antenna
Mobile moves towards edge of cell
BS detects low power
MS spreading code sent to candidate BS
Signals from both BS combined by Rake Reciever
All fingers correlate with rays from new site
Old BS drops mobile spreading code
THANK YOU