2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 1



Project 6.1.1: Student Response Sheet

Introduction
Anna Garcia was only 38 when she died, meaning that at least one of her body
systems was no longer able to support life. The failure of one or more of her body
systems may be the result of injury due to an accident or could be the result of an
illness or a combination of illnesses. Before we can determine which system or
systems failed or what caused the failure which led to her death, we have to learn
more about the human body.

The human body is an amazing machine composed of many interrelated systems
which are in turn composed of cells, tissues, and organs that act independently and
interdependently within the body. No individual component of a human body works
alone. Components of each system in the body affect or interact with every other
system. The body is dependent upon the many interactions between all systems and
structures to maintain homeostasis and health. In this activity you will investigate the
different body systems that make up the human body and explore all of the ways
Annas various illnesses affected each body system, potentially resulting in her
premature death.

Procedure:

1. Look back in your course file and list all of the ways each body system was
impacted by the illness or disease Anna Garcia experienced in her life.
2. Reference Autopsy Reports, Medical Histories and past lab activities to help you
organize this information.
3. Record any evidence that shows how the illness or disease may have been
involved with her untimely death.
4. Be specific about relationships between body systems and illness. You will use
this chart to help construct your final timeline that explains how Anna died.
5. You will need to eventually upload this document to your e-portfolio under Annas
Cause of Death.










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Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 2


Part II: Annas Illnesses

Illnesses Effect on System (if applicable)

Diabetes Sickle Cell
Anemia
Heart Disease Urinary Tract
Infection
Cardiovascular









This system
allows blood
glucose levels
to be
regulated;
therefore,
diabetes
confuses these
signals and
"keys" to the
cell (the
gluclose)
cannot be
transported
properly.
Glucose levels
in the blood
become to
high, when this
occurs blood
vessels and
heart can be
damaged.



















The heart must
pump harder
as body cells
demand for
more and more
oxygen to be
delivered as
only a slight
portion of cells
are capable of
enough of
giving full
amounts of
oxygen--this is
due the
bended shape
in the
incapable
cells. Can
cause stroke.
The heart will
enlarge in size.
The heart must
pump harder
and faster due
to the
enlargement.
Heart rate and
blood pressure
may rise as
well as a
result.
The blood that
is filtered in the
kidneys will not
be able to
proprly rid of
the bodily
wastes as
these wastes
cannot surpass
the area where
the UTI is
located. Sickle
cell anemia
patients have a
higher risk of
getting a UTI.
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Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 3

Digestive









It affects the
appetite of a
patient due to
the confused
signals due to
not receiving
consistent
levels of
glucose. The
small
instentine also
controls parts
of the glucose-
intake process.
It also impacts
how glycogin
and glucose
are released
into the blood
stream.
Bilirubin
gallstones -
sickle cells die
in 20 days;
liver breaks
down the
bilirubin; extra
bilirubin can
become a
gallstone in the
gallbladder


(bilirubin forms
bile)





Heart disease
can cause
blood clots in
instestinal
blood vessels,
ulcers, and cell
death in
various parts
of the
intestines.
It will obviously
hurt to go to
the bathroom;
therefore,
appetite will be
lossed.
Immune









Type 1 affects
the process of
intaking
glucose
because it
destroys the
insulin
prodcued in
the body. The
immune
system prevent
the body from
defending itself
properly while
it must cope
with affects
already
occruing in
cells due to
both Type 1
and 2 diabetes.
Sickle cell
patients are
more likely to
contract more
common
viruses as their
immune
systems are
already
weakened due
to the disorder.
The white
blood cells
levels are
reduced and
often times this
leads sickle
cell crises.
The heart is
more
susceptable to
having
inflamation and
heart-
damaging
diseases the
body would
normally would
kill off in the
immune
defense.
Increased
production of
lymphocytes (B
& T cells) and
antibodies
against the
bacteria;
Inflammatory
response (may
increase
additional UTI
and/or damage
to urinary tract
structures.
Nervous







If cells do not
receive enough
glucose they
will die off,
including both
limbs and the
brain. This may
cause mental
Due to how a
stroke from
sickle cell
anemia may
affect the
brain, strokes
affect the
interaction
The brain may
not receive
enough blood
needed to
carry out daily
processes.
Blood flow to
limb areas may
People with
nervous
system
disorders who
must use a
catheter are
must likely to
get a UTI as
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Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 4



impairment
and/or
amputation.
between
nervous cells
in the brain
and can also
develop
turmors in the
brain as well.
also be
reduced.
the area is
exposed.
Respiratory









There is an
increased level
of glucose in
blood;
tyherefore the
lungs must
work harder
due to the
majority of the
blood content
being unused
glucose--
specifically
with Type 1.
Acute chest
syndrome are
a main affect
on the lungs
due to sickle
cell anemia,
during this
crisis the lung
cells are
deprived of
oxygen. This
can also go
onto to cause
pneumonia
due to
weakened
immune
system
response.
Heart disease
can cause
shortness of
breath, chest
pain from
lungs, and
wheezing due
to high
demand for
blood.
Not applicable,
however the
immune
system is
affected and
the respiratory
system may
eventually be
affected.
Urinary









The urinary
system must
contiously work
harder and the
kidneys must
filter the
amount of
glucose to be
excreted from
the body. This
may lead to
dialysis.
Urinary tract
infections are
more common
among sickle
cell anemia
patients
because the
body must
discard the
sickle cells that
die off more
often.
The kidneys
will have to
filter the blood
more often and
heart disease
is also
connected to
kidney
disease.
Bacteria clogs
in the urethra
and continues
to reproduce
and then can
lead to the
bladder--or
even the
kidneys if
untreated.