N-52

BY: ABRAHAM LINCOLN, GEORGE LUCAS, AND SAMUEL JACKSON

PICTURES OF N-52
WHAT IS N-52?
N-52 is a Neodymium alloy comprised of Neodymium, Iron, and Boron.
It is of the 52 energy level of neodymium base magnets
WHAT IS IN N-52?
These are the main elements
Neodymium makes up 29-32%
Iron makes up 64%-68.5%
Boron makes up 1%-1.2%
Dysprosium makes up 0.8%-1.2%
These are the tramp element
Niobium 0.5%-1%
Aluminum0.2%-0.5%
WHAT DO THE ELEMENTS DO?
Neodymium Has a high susceptibility to magnetism, therefore makes the magnet easier to magnetize
Iron For strength, also is ferromagnetic (very easily magnetized and does not lose magnetization easily)
Boron Lowers the melting range of N-52
Dysprosium Improves corrosion resistance and increase the Hci (Intrinsic coercivity)
Niobium Combined with Iron and Aluminum to create ferroniobium, which is incredibly strong and
corrosion resistant. Also Niobium doping (purposefully adding an impurity to a compound or element to
increase the performance of an attribute) increases the coercive force and the energy output.
Aluminum Combined with Iron and Niobium to create ferroniobium
WHAT ARE THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
OF N-52?
Magnetic Coercive Force (The ability to withstand a magnetic or electrical
field) 10500-12000 Oe / 1.05-1.2 Tesla
This makes it good for writing the code of the computer
THERMAL PROPERTIES
It has a Curie Temperature of 310C (590F)
Its max service temperature is 77C (170F)
It has a Thermal Conductivity of 62.5 BTU (British Thermal Unit)
One BTU is equal to 1055 Joules
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Hardness 534 BHN
Tensile Strength 11.6 ksi (11600 psi)
Compressive Strength 123 ksi-152 ksi (123000 psi-152000 psi)
HOW IS N-52 MADE?
First the appropriate amounts of neodymium, iron, and boron
are heated to their melting point in a vacuum.
Then it is deoxygenized and then melt spun, which is dripping
the molten compound into a wheel that is super cooled so that
it freezes and turns into a bunch of small pieces of the
compound. The small pieces are then ground up into a fine
powder in a ball mill.
Next the powder is pressed into the shape in which the
customer ordered. A magnetic field is applied so the
boundaries of the particles line up.
HOW IS N-52 MADE? (CONTINUED)
In the second stage, the temperature is raised to about 70-90% of the melting
point of the metal alloy and held there for a period of several hours or several
days to allow the small particles to fuse together.
Finally, the material is cooled down slowly in controlled, step-by-step
temperature increments.
The sintered material then undergoes a second controlled heating and cooling
process known as annealing.
HOW IS N-52 MADE? (CONTINUED)
When the material is pressed the typical pressures they are exposed to are
about 10 ksi to 15 ksi (10,000 psi to 15,000 psi)
Sometimes materials are pressed into a flexible air tight container by gases at
high pressures.
The compressed "slug" of powdered metal is removed from the die and placed
in an oven. This is called sinistering.
In the first stage, the compressed material is heated at a low temperature to
slowly drive off any moisture or other contaminants that may have become
entrapped during the pressing process.
HOW IS N-52 MADE? (CONTINUED)
The annealed material is very close to the finished shape and dimensions
desired. This condition is known as "nearnet" shape.
A final machining process removes any excess material and produces a
smooth surface where needed. The material is then given a protective coating
(usually nickel) to seal the surfaces so that no damage will be caused early on.
The piece is placed between the poles of a very powerful electromagnet and
oriented in the desired direction of magnetization. The electromagnet is then
energized for a period of time.
WHY DO HARD DRIVES USE N-52?
To create code on the disks
This code is read by the computer to tell
it what it must do to execute certain types
of programs.
Because of the magnet field to size ratio
of the magnet it is perfect for being placed
within a Hard Drive
FUN FACTS
Neodymium Iron Boron magnets are the strongest commercially available
magnets which you can purchase.
When you switch your cell phone to vibrate mode, the rapid movement and
corresponding sound that results is caused by a miniature neodymium magnet
inside the device.
Electronics only use 3% of rare Earth magnets
It is also on the endangered species list by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2011
because of its growing demand in energy efficiency.
The maximum possible energy level is N-64, but it has not yet been done.
CONCLUSION