IT Concepts and System Analysis and Design

SYSTEM is a organized set of related components established to accomplish certain task Natural Planned and
placed by people
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (SAD)
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS - Process of studying an existing system to determine how it works and how it
meets user needs
SYSTEMS DESIGN - Process of developing a plan for an improved system, based upon the results of
the systems analysis
System Analysis and Design refers to the process of examining a business situation with the intent of
improving it through better procedures and methods.
System analysis and design relates to shaping organizations, improving performance and achieving
obectives for profitability and growth.
!he emphasis is on systems in action, the relationships among subsystems and their contribution to
meeting a common goal.
"ooking at a system and determining how ade#uately it functions, the changes to be made and the
#uality of the output are parts of system analysis.
Organiations are complex systems that consist of interrelated and interlocking subsystems.
$hanges in one part of the system have both anticipated and unanticipated conse#uences in other parts
of the system. !he systems approval is a way of thinking about the analysis and design of computer
based applications. %t provides a framework for visualizing the organizational and environmental factors
that operate on a system.
&hen a computer is introduced into an organization, various functions' and dysfunction's operate on the
user as well as on the organization. (mong the positive conse#uences are improved performance and a
feeling of achievement with #uality information.
(mong the unanticipated conse#uences might be a possible threat to employee's ob, a decreased
morale of personnel due to back of involvement and a feeling of intimidation by users due to computer
illiteracy. !he analyst's role is to remove such fears and make the system a success.
System analysis and design focus on systems, processes and technology.
ST!"CT"!ED SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
(n organizational process used to develop and maintain computer-based information systems.
O#er#ie$ o% System Analysis and Design
Systems de#elopment can generally be thought of as having two maor components) Systems analysis
and Systems design.
o System design is the process of planning a new business system or one to replace or
complement an existing system. *ut before this planning can be done, we must thoroughly
understand the old system and determine how computers can best be used to make its
operation more effective.
o System analysis, then, is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems,
and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. !his is the ob of the
systems analyst.
+ & I T ' ( ) * IT Concepts and System Analysis and Design
P e r c i v a l ( . , e r n a n d e z
SSADM Tec+ni,-es
T+e t+ree most important tec+ni,-es t+at are -sed in SSADM are.
)/ Logical data modeling
!he process of identifying, modeling and documenting the data re#uirements of the system being designed.
!he result is a data model containing entities -things about which a business needs to record information.,
attributes -facts about the entities. and relationships -associations between the entities..
'/ Data 0lo$ Modeling
!he process of identifying, modeling and documenting how data moves around an information system. /ata
,low 0odeling examines processes -activities that transform data from one form to another., data stores
-the holding areas for data., external entities -what sends data into a system or receives data from a
system., and data flows -routes by which data can flow..
1/ Entity E#ent Modeling
( two-stranded process) 1ntity *ehavior 0odeling, identifying, modeling and documenting the events that
affect each entity and the se#uence -or life history. in which these events occur, and 1vent 0odeling,
designing for each event the process to coordinate entity life histories
STAGES
!he SS(/0 method involves the application of a se#uence of analysis, documentation and design tasks
concerned with the following.
Stage 2 3 ,easibility study
Stage + 3 %nvestigation of the current environment
Stage 4 3 *usiness system options
Stage 5 3 6e#uirements specification
Stage 7 3 !echnical system options
Stage 8 3 "ogical design
Stage 9 3 Physical design
Case Example:
Consider, for example, the stockroom operation of a clothing store. To better control its inventory and gain
access to more up to date information about stock levels and reordering, the store asks a system analyst, to
computerize its stockroom operations. efore one can design a system to capture data, update files, and
produce reports, one needs to kno! more about the store operations" !hat forms are being used to store
information manually, such as re#uisitions, purchase orders, and invoices and !hat reports are being produced
and ho! they are being used.
$ou also must kno! !hy the store !ants to change its current operations. %oes the business have problems
tracking orders, merchandise, or money& %oes it seem to fall behind in handling inventory records& %oes it
need a more efficient system before it can expand operations&
'ystems analysts do more than solve current problems. They are fre#uently called upon to help handle the
planned expansion of a business. (n the case of the clothing store, the systems study is future oriented, since no
system currently exists. )nalysts assess as carefully as possible !hat the future needs of the business !ill be
and !hat changes should be considered to meet these needs. (n this instance and in most others, analysts may
recommend alternatives for improving the situation. *sually more than one strategy is possible.
4 & I T ' ( ) * IT Concepts and System Analysis and Design
P e r c i v a l ( . , e r n a n d e z