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Grade 8 Bilingual Math

Proof-part Three
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 1 / 22
Parallelogram: a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel
Theorem: the opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
ABCD is a parallelogram, then AB = CD, BC = DA.
Proof:
Theorem: the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal
ABCD is a parallelogram, then A = C, B = D.
Proof:
Theorem: the diagonals of a parallelogram bisects each other
ABCD is a parallelogram, then OA = OC, OB = OD.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 2 / 22
1. As in the graph, in ABCD, AC, BD are two diagonals, AE BD
at E, CF BD at F. Prove that AE = CF.
2.As in the graph, ABCD is a parallelogram, E, F are two points on line
BD, E = F. Show that AE = CF.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 3 / 22
3. As in the graph, the diagonals AC, BD of ABCD meet at O, EF is
a line passes through O and intersects with AD, BC at E, F. Prove that
OE = OF.
4. In ABCD, BP bisects ABC and intersects with AD at P. Prove
that PD +DC = BC.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 4 / 22
Theorem: a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are equal is a
parallelogram
If AB = CD, BC = AD, then ABCD is a parallelogram
Theorem: a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if one of its opposite sides
are equal and parallel
If AB CD, AB = CD, then ABCD is a parallelogram
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 5 / 22
1. As in the graph, E, F are the middle points of AD, BC respectively.
Prove that BEDF is a parallelogram.
2. In quadrilateral ABCD, AC AB, AC CD,
AD = 5, AC = 4, AB = 3. Show that ABCD is a parallelogram.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 6 / 22
3.E, F are two points on the diagonal AC of ABCD,
AB = CD, BE = DF, AF = CE. Prove that ABCD is a parallelogram.
4.In ABCD, E, F, G, H are points on AD, AB, BC, CD,
AE = CG, BF = DH. Prove that EFGH is a parallelogram.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 7 / 22
Theorem: a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if
its diagonals bisect each other
If OA = OC, OB = OD, then ABCD is a
parallelogram
Eg3. In ABCD, E, F are two points on diagonal BD, BE = DF.
Prove that AECF is a parallelogram.
Eg4. AD BC, AC intersects with BD at O, EF passes through O and
intersects with AD, BC at E, F, OE = OF. Prove that AB CD
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 8 / 22
1. In quadrilateral ABCD, two diagonals AC, BD are intersecting at O,
ADB = CBD, OA = OC. Prove that AB CD.
2. In ABCD, AC, BD are intersecting at O, E, F, G, H are the middle
points of AO, BO, CO, DO. Prove that EFGH is a parallelogram.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 9 / 22
3. O is the middle point of the diagonal AC of ABCD, EF is a line
which passes through O and meets AB at E, CD at F. Prove that
AECF is a parallelogram.
4. In ABCD, E, F are points on CD, AB, AE CF, BE intersects
with CF at H, DF intersects with AE at G. Prove that EG = FH.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 10 / 22
Rectangle
All the four angles are right angles
The diagonals are equal to each other
Theorem: The median line to the hypotenuse of a
right triangle is half of the length of the hypotenuse
In Rt

ABC,BM is the median line,then BM =


1
2
AC
Eg1. In quadrilateral ABCD, ABC= ADC = 90

,
E, F are middle points of AC, BD. Prove that
EF BD.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 11 / 22
1. ABCD is a rectangle, the diagonals AC, BD are intersecting at O,
AOD = 120

, AB = 2.5cm, nd the length of its diagonals.


2. ABCD is a parallelogram, P is a point on CD, AP bisects DAB,
BP bisects CBA, PQ AD.
(1) Prove: AP PB
(2) If AD = 5cm, AP = 8cm, nd
the length of AB, the area of

APB.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 12 / 22
Rhombus
AB = BC = CD = DA
AC BD, OA = OC, OB = OD
AC bisects DAB, DCB, BD bisects
ABC, ADC
The area S
ABCD
=
ACBD
2
Eg2. The side length of rhombus ABCD is 13cm, the length of its
diagonal BD is 10cm.
(1) Find the length of diagonal AC
(2) Find the area of the rhombus
ABCD
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 13 / 22
Theorem: a parallelogram whose diagonals
are perpendicular is a rhombus
ABCD is a parallelogram, AC BD, then
ABCD is a rhombus.
Eg3. As in the graph, in ABCD, the perpendicular bisector line of AC
intersects AB at E, CD at F, AC at O. Prove that AECF is a rhombus.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 14 / 22
Square
AB = BC = CD = DA,
A = B = C = D = 90

AC = BD, AC BD, OA = OC = OB = OD
AC bisects DAB, DCB, BD bisects
ABC, ADC
Eg3. ABCD is a square, A

, B

, C

, D

are points on AB, BC, CD, DA,


if AA

= BB

= CC

= DD

, then prove that A

is a square
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 15 / 22
1. As in the graph, ABCD is a square,

CDE is an equilateral triangle,


nd the size of .
2. As in the graph, ABCD is a square, E is a point on the extension of
BC, join DE, BF DE at F, BF intersects with CD at G. Prove that
CE = CG.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 16 / 22
Isosceles Trapezium
AB = CD
Base angles are equal: ABC = BCD
Diagonals are equal: AC = BD
Eg4. ABCD is an isosceles trapezium, the top leg AD equals to the
waist AB, the diagonal BD is perpendicular to AD. Find the size of the
base angle of this trapezium
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 17 / 22
Middle line theorem
Middle line of

ABC: segments joining
two middle points.
Theorem: the middle line of a triangle parallel to the third side, and
equals to half of the length of the third side
As in the graph, DE is a middle line, then DE BC, DE =
1
2
BC
Proof:
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 18 / 22
1. In

ABC, D, E, F are middle points of BC, CA, AB,


AB = 4, AC = 6. Find the perimeter of quadrilateral AFDE,
2. ABCD is a quadrilateral, E, F, G, H are middle points of
AB, BC, CD, DA. Prove that EFGH is a parallelogram.
3. ABCD is a quadrilateral, E, F, G, H are middle points of
AB, CD, AC, BD. Prove that FGEH is a parallelogram.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 19 / 22
Middle line of trapeziumABCD: segments
joining two middle points of waists.
Theorem: the middle line of a trapezium is parallel to the top and
base legs, and equals to half of their sum
If EF is the middle line, then EF BC, EF AD, EF =
AD+BC
2
Proof:
Eg1. In trapezium ABCD, AD BC, CD BC, B = 45

,
AD = CD = 4, nd the length of the middle line EF.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 20 / 22
1. EF is the middle line of trapezium ABCD, the area of ABCD is 20,
the height is 5, nd the length of EF.
2. In trapezium ABCD, AB CD, DI = IG = GE = EA,
CJ = JH = HF = FB, AB = 50cm, CD = 26cm. Find the length of
GH, EF,IJ.
3. EF is the middle line of trapezium ABCD, BC = 5AD, nd the ratio
of the area of AEFD and BCFE.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 21 / 22
4. In trapezium ABCD, AB CD, AB > CD, E, F are middle points of
AC, BD. Prove: EF =
1
2
(AB CD)
5. In quadrilateral ABCD, AB and CD are not parallel, E, F are middle
points of AD, BC. Then is EF =
1
2
(AB +CD) correct? Why?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 Bilingual Math Proof-part Three 22 / 22

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