Locate the multiple root of f(x) = (x-3)(x+5)(x+5) with initial guess of x0 = -4.

f(x) = (x-3)(x+5)(x+5) = x3 + 7x2 - 5x - 75

f'(x) = 3x2 + 14x - 5
f''(x) = 6x + 14
(i) Newton-Rhapson Method
i
x
f(x)
0
-4
-7
1
-4.53846 -1.60583
2
-4.77652 -0.38839
3
-4.88989 -0.09566
4
-4.94533 -0.02375
5
-4.97276 -0.00592
6
-4.9864 -0.00148
7
-4.99321 -0.00037

f'(x)
-13
-6.74556
-3.42588
-1.72542
-0.86574
-0.43362
-0.21699
-0.10854

(ii) Newton's Method with multiplicity

i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
-4
-7
-13
1
-5.07692 -0.04779 1.248521
2
-5.00036 -1.1E-06 0.005833
(iii) Modified Newton's Method
i
x
f(x)
0
-4
-7
1
-4.91919 -0.05171
2
-4.99958 -1.4E-06

f'(x)
-13
-1.27334
-0.00666

f''(x)
-10
-15.5152
-15.9975

Locate the double root of f(x) = x - 5.2x + 8.61x - 4.41 with initial guess of x0 = 2.
f(x) = x3 - 5.2x2 + 8.61x - 4.41
2

f'(x) = 3x - 10.4x + 8.61

f''(x) = 6x - 10.4
(i) Newton-Rhapson Method
i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
2
0.01
-0.19
1
2.052632 0.002362 -0.09748
2
2.076861 0.000577 -0.0493
3
2.088556 0.000143 -0.02478
(ii) Newton's Method with Multiplicity
i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
2
0.01
-0.19
1
2.105263 3.06E-05 0.011662
(iii) Modified Newton's Method
i
x
f(x)
0
2
0.01
1
2.094527 3.28E-05

f'(x)
-0.19
-0.01195

f''(x)
1.6
2.167164

Locate the double root of f(x) = 4x3 - 7.2x2 - 30.36x - 19.36 with initial guess of x0 = -1.
f(x) = 4x3 - 7.2x2 - 30.36x - 19.36
f'(x) = 12x2 - 14.4x - 30.36
f''(x) = 24x - 14.4
(i) Newton-Rhapson Method
i
x
f(x)
0
-1
-0.2
1
-1.05051 -0.04949
2
-1.07537 -0.01231
3
-1.08772 -0.00307
4
-1.09387 -0.00077
5
-1.09693 -0.00019

f'(x)
-3.96
-1.99
-0.99745
-0.49933
-0.24982
-0.12495

(ii) Newton's Method with Multiplicity

i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
-1
-0.2
-3.96
1
-1.10101 -2.1E-05 0.041224
(iii) Modified Newton's Method
i
x
f(x)
0
-1
-0.2
1
-1.09898 -2.1E-05

f'(x)
-3.96
-0.0416

f''(x)
-38.4
-40.7755

Find the triple roots of x3 - 3x2 + 3x -1 = 0 with initial guess of x0 = 0.

f(x) = x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1
f'(x) = 3x2 - 6x + 3
f''(x)= 6x - 6
(i) Newton-Rhapson Method
i
x
f(x)
0
0
-1
1
0.333333 -0.2963
2
0.555556 -0.08779
3
0.703704 -0.02601
4
0.802469 -0.00771
5
0.868313 -0.00228

f'(x)
3
1.333333
0.592593
0.263374
0.117055
0.052025

(ii) Newton's Method with Multiplicity

i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
0
-1
3
1
1
0
0
(iii) Modified Newton's Method
i
x
f(x)
0
0
-1
1
0.111111 -0.70233
2
0.269314 -0.39011
3
0.554131 -0.08864
4
1.807664 0.526856
5
1.596769 0.212529
6
1.073965 0.000405

f'(x)
3
2.37037
1.601705
0.596397
1.956962
1.068399
0.016412

f''(x)
-6
-5.33333
-4.38411
-2.67521
4.845982
3.580614
0.44379

Locate the triple roots of f(x) = x3 + 0.3x2 + 0.03x + 0.001 with initial guess of x0 = 0.
f(x) = x3 + 0.3x2 + 0.03x + 0.001
f'(x) = 3x2 + 0.6x + 0.03
f''(x) = 6x + 0.6
(i) Newton-Rhapson Method
i
x
f(x)
0
0.0000
0.0010
1
-0.0333
0.0003
-0.0556
0.0001
(ii) Newton's Method with Multiplicity
i
x
f(x)
0
0.0000
0.0010
1
-0.1000
0.0000
(ii) Modified Newton's Method
i
x
f(x)
0
0.0000
0.0010
1
-0.1000
0.0000

f'(x)
0.0300
0.0133
0.0059
f'(x)
0.0300
0.0000

f'(x)
0.0300
0.0000

f''(x)
0.6000
0.0000

Locate the triple root of f(x) = 8x3 + 0.36x2 + 0.0054x + 0.000027 with initial guess of x0 = 0.
f(x) = 8x3 + 0.36x2 + 0.0054x + 0.000027
f'(x) = 24x2 + 0.72x + 0.0054
f''(x) = 48x + 0.72
(i) Newton-Rhapson Method
i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
0
0.000027 0.0054
1
-0.005 0.000008 0.0024
2
-0.00833 2.37E-06 0.001067
(ii) Newton's Method with Multiplicity
i
x
f(x)
f'(x)
0
0
0.000027 0.0054
1
-0.015
0
0
(iii) Modified Newton's Method
i
x
f(x)
0
0
0.000027
1
-0.015
0

f'(x)
0.0054
0

f''(x)
0.72
0

Two robots are moving on x-y plane. Let movement of Robot 1 and Robot 2 to be described by the function
f(x,y) and g(x,y), respectively as,

f(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 8x -4y + 11 = 0
g(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 20x + 75 = 0

Use Newton's Method to determine one of the meeting points between these two robots which is located
in the intervals 4<=x<=6 and 0 <=y<=-2.
f(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 8x -4y + 11 = 0
d/dx = 2x - 8
d/dy = 2y - 4

g(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 20x + 75 = 0
d/dx = 2x - 20
d/dy = 2y

Non-Linear System
Xi
J(x,y)
i
x
F(x,y)
5
2
-4
-4
0
0
-10
0
0
-1
5
2
-6
1
0.0625
-1
-10
-2
1
0.1875
5.0625
2.125
-5.625 0.039063 0.002648
-0.8125
-9.875
-1.625 0.039063 0.007945
5.065148 2.130297 -5.60911 7.01E-05 4.77E-06
-0.80456 -9.8697 -1.60911 7.01E-05 1.43E-05
5.065153
-0.80454

4<=x<=6, so assume x = 5
0 <=y<=-2, so assume y = 0

by the function

which is located

4<=x<=6, so assume x = 5
0 <=y<=-2, so assume y = 0

Two robots are moving on x-y plane. Let movement of Robot 1 and Robot 2 to be described by the function
f(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 8x -4y + 11 = 0

f(x,y) and g(x,y), respectively as,

g(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 20x + 75 = 0
Use Newton's Method to determine one of the meeting points between these two robots which is located
in the intervals 4<=x<=6 and 0 <=y<=-2.
f(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 8x -4y + 11 = 0

g(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 20x + 75 = 0

k(x,y) = x + y - 8x + 11 = y
4

h(x,y) = x2 + y2 +75 = x
20

dk/dx = (2x - 8) /4
dk/dy = 2y / 4

dh/dx = 2x / 20
dh/dy = 2y / 20

Non Linear System

i
x
0
5
1
5
2
5.05
3
5.05325
4
5.061524
5
5.062862
6
5.064331
7
5.064699
8
5.064974
9
5.065061

y
0
-1
-0.75
-0.83375
-0.79888
-0.80874
-0.80407
-0.80517
-0.80453
-0.80464

|Error x|

|Error y|

0
0.05
0.00325
0.008274
0.001338
0.00147
0.000367
0.000275
8.77E-05

1
0.25
0.08375
0.034869
0.009858
0.004672
0.001102
0.000639
0.000111

4<=x<=6, so assume x = 5
0 <=y<=-2, so assume y = 0

scribed by the function

obots which is located

4<=x<=6, so assume x = 5
0 <=y<=-2, so assume y = 0

Find another meeting point of the two robots of Example 2.9 by using Newton's Method and fixed point interation.
Two robots are moving on x-y plane. Let movement of Robot 1 and Robot 2 to be described by the function
f(x,y) and g(x,y), respectively as,

f(x,y) = x + y - 8x -4y + 11 = 0
g(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 20x + 75 = 0

Use Newton's Method to determine one of the meeting points between these two robots which is located
in the intervals 6<=x<=8 and 2<=y<=4.

Solution :
df/dx = 2x-8
df/dy = 2y-4

i
0
1
2
3
4

dg/dx = 2x-20
dg/dy = 2y

J(x,y)
x,y
6
4
4
4
-8
8
6.5625
5.125
3.375
3.6875
-6.875
7.375
6.535348 5.070697 3.21209
3.606045 -6.9293 7.21209
6.534847 5.069694 3.209083
3.604541 -6.93031 7.209083
6.534847
3.604541

Assume x = 6, y = 4

F(x,y)
X
-1
0.5625
7
-0.3125
0.414063 -0.02715
0.414063 -0.08145
0.007372 -0.0005
0.007372 -0.0015
2.51E-06 -1.7E-07
2.51E-06 -5.1E-07

hod and fixed point interation.

scribed by the function

obots which is located

f(x,y) = x2 + 4y2 -1

Given the system of non-linear equations :

g(x,y) = y - x - xy
and their graph as given in Figure Q19 (page 50).
Solve the above system of non linear equations using Newton's Method (both roots) and fixed point iteration (positive root only).
Solution :
Newton's Method
df/dx = 2x
df/dy = 8y
i
0
1
2
3

dg/dx = -3x^2-y
dg/dy = 1-x
x,y
0.5
0.4
0.571495
0.412033
0.564532
0.412721
0.564407
0.412748

J(x,y)
1
3.2
-1.15
0.6
1.142991 3.296262
-1.39185 0.587967
1.129064 3.301767
-1.36881 0.587279

First root
Second root
F(x,y)
-0.11
0.075
0.005691
-0.0101
5.04E-05
-0.00019

X
0.071495
0.012033
-0.00696
0.000688
-0.00013
2.76E-05

0.5<=x<=1 , 0.4<=y<=0.6
-1<=x<=-0.5 , -0.4<=y<=-0.2
i
0
1
2
3
4
5

and fixed point iteration (positive root only).

<=x<=1 , 0.4<=y<=0.6
<=x<=-0.5 , -0.4<=y<=-0.2
x,y
-0.5
-0.2
-0.975
-0.27188
-0.83148
-0.28731
-0.80914
-0.2941
-0.8099
-0.29329
-0.80973
-0.2934

Assume x = 0.5 , y = 0.4

Assume x = -0.5 , y = -0.2
J(x,y)
-1
-1.6
-0.55
1.2
-1.95
-2.175
-2.58
1.271875
-1.66296 -2.29848
-1.78678 1.28731
-1.61829 -2.35277
-1.67004 1.294097
-1.61979
-2.3463
-1.67451 1.293287

F(x,y)
-0.59
-0.175
0.246289
0.389906
0.02155
0.048654
0.000683
-0.00231
3.19E-06
0.000419

X
-0.475
-0.07188
0.143518
-0.01543
0.02234
-0.00679
-0.00075
0.00081
0.000164
-0.00011

Given the following system of non-linear equations :

f(x,y) = x2 - y
g(x,y) = x2 + y2 - 4
and their graphs as shown in Figure Q26. Find both roots of the above system of
non-linear equations by using Newton's Method.
First root
Second root

1<=x<=2, 1<=y<=2
-2<=x<=-1, 1<=y<=2

Solution :
df/dx = 2x
df/dy = -1

dg/dx = 2x
dg/dy = 2y

First root

1<=x<=2, 1<=y<=2

Assume x = 2, y = 2
i
x,y
2
0
2
1.4
1
1.6
1.257823
2
1.561905
1.249648
3
1.561553
1.249621
4
1.561553

J(x,y)

F(x,y)
X
4
-1
2
-0.6
4
4
4
-0.4
2.8
-1
0.36
-0.14218
2.8
3.2
0.52
-0.0381
2.515646
-1
0.020214 -0.00818
2.515646 3.12381 0.021666 -0.00035
2.499296
-1
6.68E-05 -2.7E-05
2.499296 3.123106 6.7E-05
-3E-08

Second root
Assume x = -1, y = 2
i
0
1
2
3
4

Second root
Assume x = -1, y = 2
x,y
-1
2
-1.3
1.6
-1.25073
1.561905
-1.24962
1.561553
-1.24962
1.561553

-2<=x<=-1, 1<=y<=2

J(x,y)
-2
-1
-2
4
-2.6
-1
-2.6
3.2
-2.50147
-1
-2.50147 3.12381
-2.49924
-1
-2.49924 3.123106

F(x,y)
-1
1
0.09
0.25
0.002427
0.003879
1.23E-06
1.36E-06

X
-0.3
-0.4
0.049267
-0.0381
0.001111
-0.00035
5.06E-07
-3E-08

Solve the following systems of linear equations :

a)

7x1

+4x2

-4x3

=2

-x1

+2x2

+2x3

=6

x1

-3x2

-2x3

=5

b)

Solution :

Solution :

a
4

-1
1

-4

x
x1

b
2

x2

-3

-2

x3

x1

20.4

x2

-11

x3

24.2

2x1

-x2

+5x3

=1

2x1

+3x2

+x3

=5

x1

-2x2

+3x3

=6

3x1
c)

x1
x1

Solution :

a
-1

2
1

x
x1

b
1

x2

-2

x3

x1

15

x2

-6

x3

-7

+5x2

+0x3

=23

-3x2

-x3

=17

-x2

+3x3

=-7

a
5

x
x1

b
23

-3

-1

x2

17

-1

x3

-7

x1

x2

-0.8

x3

-5.6

Ali had RM26500 to invest. He divided the money into three different
accounts. At the end of the year, he had made RM1500 in interest. The
annual yield on each of the three accounts was 4%, 5.5% and 6%. If the
amount of money in the 4% account is 6 times the amount of money
in the 5.5% account, how much had he placed in each account?

Solution :
4% - x1
5.5% - x2
6% - x3

a
7

0.04
1

X
x1

b
26500

0.055

0.06

x2

1500

-6

x3

x1

4320

x2

720

x3

21460

x1=6x2
x1-6x2=0

6*x2=60
6*x2+x2+X3=2650
0.04x1+0.055x2+0.06x3=1500
x1-6x2=0

The currents running through an electrical system are given by the

following system of equations :
I1 + 2I1 -I3 = 1.525
3I1 + I2 + 2I3 = 2.775
5I1 - I2 + 2I3 = 3.225
The three currents, I1, I2 and I3 are measured in amps. Solve the system
to find the currents in this circuit.

Solution :

1
3
5

a
2
1
-1

-1
2
2

I
I1
I2
I3

b
1.525
2.775
3.225

I1
I2
I3

0.695
0.47
0.11

Cally's Restaurant ordered 320 flowers for Mother's Day. They ordered
carnations at RM1.20 each, roses at RM5.80 each, and daisies at RM2.50 each.
They ordered mostly carnations, and 10 fewer roses than daisies. The total
order came to RM751.00. How many of each type of flower was ordered?

Solution :
Carnation - x1, roses - x2, daisies - x3

1.2
1
0

a
5.8
1
-1

2.5
1
1

RM1.20x1 + RM5.80x2 + RM2.50x3 = RM751

x1 + x2 + x3 = 320 flowers
X
x1
x2
x3

b
751
320
10

x1
x2
x3

190
60
70

daisies - roses = 10
therefore, x3 - x2 = 10

+ RM5.80x2 + RM2.50x3 = RM751.00

3 = 320 flowers

Last Wednesday, a cinema sold a total of 9500 movie tickets with

proceeds totaled RM71550. Ticket can be bought in one of 3 ways :
a matinee admission costs RM4, student admission is RM7 all day,
and regular admissions are RM9. How many of each type of tickets
was sold if twice as many student tickets were sold as matinee tickets?

Solution :
Matinee - x1, student - x2, regular - x3

1
4
-2

a
1
7
1

1
9
0

matinee + student + regular = 9500 tickets

RM4 matinee + RM7 student + RM9 regular = RM71550
X
x1
x2
x3

b
9500
71550
0

x1
x2
x3

1550
3100
4850

matinee = 2 times student

x1 = 2x2
x1 - 2x2 = 0

egular = 9500 tickets

tudent + RM9 regular = RM71550