XML and WebServices

2-mark Q & A
Unit I
1. What are the three major asects to e!tend the enterrise "rom a constrained net#ork to
broad reach o" #eb$
1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Connection.
2. Business-to-Employee (B2E) Connection.
3. Business-to-Business (B2B) Connection.
2. What are the three ke% desi&n e'ements that b% omission contrib(te XML)s s(ccess$
1. No display is assumed.
2. There is no built-in data typing.
3. No transport is assumed.!" speci#ication ma$es no assumption about ho% !"
is transported across the &nternet.
*. XML +istor%
!" is a meta language de#ined by %orld %ide %eb consortium ('3C) and standardi(ed in
1))*.!" has gi+en rise to numerous +ertical industry +ocabularies in
support o# B2B e-commerce, hori(ontal +ocabularies that pro+ide ser+ice to a %ide range o#
industries and !" protocols that ha+e used !"-s simple po%er o# combination to open up
ne% possibilities #or doing distributed computing.
,. What are the di""erent revo'(tion in #hich XML is 'a%in& a major ro'e$
a).ata re+olution
b)/rchitectural re+olution
c)0o#t%are re+olution
-. What are the advanta&es o" !m'$
a.1ml #iles are human readable.
b.'idespread industry support e1ists #or 1ml due to its ine1pensi+eness and
con+enience in usage.
c.&t pro+ides a %ay o# creating domain speci#ic +ocabulary.
d.&t allo%s data interchange bet%een di##erent computers.
e.&t pro+ides user selected +ie% o# data.
..What is /'ectronic 0ata Interchan&e1/0I2$
E.& is o#ten used as the replacement #or business communication through con+entional business
documents such as purchase orders, re2uest #or 2uotations, in+oice and shipping notices. This
$ind o# e1change ta$es place bet%een trading partners. &n order to interchange data using E.& to
trading partners must be agreed upon a common #ormat.
3.What is W*c 1Wor'd Wide Web24onsorti(m$
'3c is responsible #or the de+elopment o# %eb speci#ications that describe
communication protocols and technologies #or the %eb .!" %as de#ined by %3c to ensure that
structured data is uni#orm and independent o# +endors o# applications.'3c has laid do%n certain
rules that meet to be #ollo%ed by the all 1ml applications. 0ome o# these rules are3
a.!" must be directly usable o+er the internet.
b.!l must support the %ide +ariety o# applications.
c.!" must be 04!".
d.!" documents must be human legible and clear.
e.!" design must be #ormal and concise.
5.What is XML$
!" stands #or 5E1tensible mar$up language6 a language de+eloped by the 'orld %ide %eb
consortium ('3C).&t is considered a meta language because it is used To de#ine other languages
through the use o# mar$up language ,%hich add structure and !eaning to document.
6.List o(t the reasons "or not (sin& attrib(tes to store data.
1./ttributes cannot contain multiple +alues, %hile elements can ha+e multiple sub elements.
2./ttributes are not easily e1pandable to account #or #uture changes.
3./ttributes are more di##icult than elements to manipulate %ith programs.
7./ttributes +alues are not easy to chec$ against a document type de#inition.
17.What is S8A9$
08/9-0imple 8b:ect /ccess 9rotocol. 0oap gi+es set o# rules #or mo+ing data directly to the
recipient or through and intermediate message 2ueue. 0oap uses common %eb protocols li$e
;TT9,<T9 and 0!T9 to enable communication across the %eb.
11. What is #ebservices$
'eb ser+ices is both a process and a set o# protocols, %eb ser+ices o##er di##erent ser+ices
through the %eb by pro+iding access to so#t%are. 'eb ser+ices ha+e three ma:or aspects they are
0er+ice pro+ider
0er+ice re2uester
/ bro$er
12.What are a'' the !m' 'an&(a&e basics$
Elements
/ttributes
Entities
1*.What is entities$:ive /!am'e.
Entities are used to create substitution strings %ithin a 1ml document
E1ample3 ml and data e+aluation can be de#ined %ith short string using entity declaration in
.T.
=>ENT&T? 1dr 51ml and data re+olution6@.
1,./!'ain brie"'% abo(t .;/< and =2//$
!anaging the interaction across the e1tended enterprise include messaging, security,
transactions, and identity. The current so#t%are %orld, these capabilities are pro+ided by (1).NET
a %indo% #rame %or$s (2) A2EE a :a+a centric #rame %or$.
1-./!'ain brie"'% abo(t data revo'(tion$
9rior to 1ml, .ata %as closely associated %ith applications.!" strength is data
independence.!" data description is not tied to any programming language, os, or transport
protocol it does not re2uire to depend any a+ailable to %eb connected plat#orms also !"
pro+ides alternati+e to electronic data interchange.
1..What is the ro'e o" !m'$
!" is the set o# guidelines #oe describing structured data in plainte1t rather than binary
representation %ithin the short period, time.!" has been %idely used as language #or +ariety o#
application ranging #rom +ertical industry +ocabularies to hori(ontal industry application to
protocol.
13. What are X"orms$
#orms is an !" approach that o+ercomes the limitation #orms. <orm is a 4B& tool $it #or
create user inter#ace and deli+er result in !". #orm can %or$ %ith a +ariety o# standard as
proprietary user inter#ace, pro+iding a set o# +isual control that replace the primiti+e #orm control
in ;T!" and ;T!". #orms are +ariety o# button, scrollbars and menus integrated into single
e1ecution model that generates !" #orm data output.
15. What is >oiceXML$
Coice!" is an emerging standard #or speech enabled application. &ts !" synta1 de#ines
elements to control a se2uence o# interaction dialogues bet%een a user and an implementation
plat#orm. The element de#ined as a part o# Coice!" control dialogues and rules #or
presentation in#ormation to and e1tracting in#ormation #rom and end-user using speech. Coice
!" documents are stored on %eb ser+ers.
16. What is X9ath$
9ath is used to na+igate !" tree structures. 9ath gets its name #rom its use o# path notation
to na+igate through the hierarchical tree structure o# an !" document. 9ath allo%s #or the
section o# the node or group o# node through the use o# a compact, on !" synta1. &t is an
important !" technology due to its role in pro+iding a common synta1 and semantics #or
#unctionality in both 0"T and pointer.
27.What are the /'ement ;amin& ?('es (sed in XML$
D Names can contain letters, numbers and other characters.
D Names must not begin %ith number or punctuation.
D Names must not start %ith the string E1mlE in any upper or lo%ercase #orm.
D Names must not contain spaces
Unit @ II
1. What are the advanta&es o" schema over 0<0$
1. &t pro+ides more control o+er the type o# data that can be assigned to elements and
as compared to .T..
2. .T. dose not enable you to de#ine your o%n customi(ed datatypes.But schema de#inition
enables you to create your o%n datatypes.
3. &t also allo%s to speci#y restrictions on data.
7. The synta1 #or de#ining .T. is di##erent #rom the synta1 used #or creating an 1ml
document .But the synta1 #or de#ining 0. is the same as the synta1 o# an 1ml document.
2. What are the datat%es in an !m' schema$
1.9rimiti+e
2..eri+ed
3./tomic
7."ist
F.Bnion
*. What is 08M$ What are the di""erent 'eve's o" 08M$
.8! is a '3C supported standard programming inter#ace(/9&)that pro+ides a plat#orm and
neutral inter#ace to allo% de+elopers to programmatically access and modi#y content and
structure o# tree structured documents such as ;T!" or !".
The di##erent le+els o# .8! are3
(a) .8! "e+el G
(b) .8! "e+el 1
(c) .8! "e+el 2
(d) .8! "e+el 3
,. What are the dra#backs o" 4SS$
1. The bro%ser decides ho% to dispaly elements that the stylesheet doesHnt describe.
2. /s bro%ser implements C00,some implementations may not al%ays be consistent.
-. Write an% t#o di""erences bet#een XSL< and 4SS$
C00 0"T
1. 0imple to use, and is suitable 1. &t is comple1 to use. #or simple document.
2. Cannot reorder, add, delete or 2. Can reorder, add, delete per#orm operations on elements
because it is elements. a%are o# the structure o# an !" document.
.. What are the di""erent XSL< e'ements$
1. 0tylesheet
2. Calue-o#
3. <or-each
7. 0ort
F. Te1t
3. What is >oiceXML$
Coice!" is an emerging standard #or speech-enabled applications. &ts !" synta1 de#ines
elements to control a se2uence o# interaction dialogs bet%een a user and an implementation
plat#orm. Coice!" uses !" te1t to dri+e +oice dialogs.
5. What is XQ(er%$
Iuery is a '3C initiati+e to de#ine a standard set o# constructs #or 2uerying and searching
!" documents. Iuery brings database 2uery processing to !".
6. What is XAorm$
<orm is an !" approach that o+ercomes the limitations o# ;T!" #orms. <orm includes a
+ariety o# buttons, scrollbars and menus. &t generates !" #orm data as output. <ormHs model
has the capability to %or$ %ith the +ariety o# user inter#aces.
17. What is X9ath$
path is used to na+igate !" tree structures. 9ath gets its name #rom its use o# a path
notation to na+igate through the hierarchical tree structure o# an !" document. &t is an
important !" technology due to its role in pro+iding a common synta1 and semantics #or
#unctionality in both 0"T and 9ointer.
11. What are com'e! t%es$
Comple1 types are important aspects o# 1ml schema that allo% application de+elopers to de#ine
application-speci#ic data types that can be chec$ed by programs that chec$ !" document #or
+alidity. !" schema di+ides comple1 types into t%o categories3 those %ith simple content J
those %ith comple1 content.
12.#hat a'' are the resentation techno'o&ies$
C00 - cascading style sheets
0" - pro+ides users %ith ability to describe ho% 1ml data J document are to be #ormatted.
#orms - it is a 4B& tool$it #or creating user inter#aces J deli+ering the results in !".
html - it is used to replace ;T!" %ith more #le1ible approach to display %eb content.
Coice!" - it is an emerging standard #or speech enabled application.
1*.#hat are a'' the <rans"ormation techniB(es$
0"T - it is an !"- based language used to trans#orm !" documents into others #ormat such
as ;T!" #or %eb display.
"&NK - highlighting that element or ta$ing the user directly to that point in the document.
9/T; - 1path gets its name #rom its use o# a path notation to na+igate through the hierarchical
tree structure o# an !" document
IBEL? - it is %3c initiati+e to de#ine a standard set o# constructs #or 2uerying J
searching !" document.
1,./!'ain an% t#o XAorm im'ementations$
-0miles - it is a :a+a based !" bro%ser.it implements a large part o# -#orms J uses -#orm
together %ith 0"-<8 on user inter#ace side.
!o(2uito #orms pre+ie% - is an !" based 'eb de+elopement sM% that implements #orms J
gi+es current 'eb bro%ser the ability to send,recei+e J process !" document.
1-. Imortants o" SAX$
0/ is an e+ent dri+en.
0/ supports processing pipelines.
0/ re2uires programmers to maintain state.
1.. What is In"o Set$
/ '3C initiati+e to pro+ide a consistent set o# de#initions #or use in other speci#ications that
need to re#er to the in#ormation in a %ell-#ormed !" document. &n#o 0et is the basis #or a
+ariety o# !" technologies. &n#o 0et supports distinctions that are important %hen di##erent
!" speci#ications must interoperate.
13. What is ?0A1?eso(rce 0escrition Arame#ork2$
/ #oundation #or processing metadata. &t pro+ides interoperability bet%een applications that
e1change machine-understandable in#ormation on the %eb. L.< emphasi(es #acilities to enable
automated processing o# %eb resources.
15. What is metadata$
"iterally data about data. !" element and attribute names are considered metadata in that they
may be used to describe the data contained in a document. !etadata isn-t needed but it certainly
helps.
16. What are the comonents o" ?0A$
L.< is built on the #ollo%ing three de#initions3
Lesources3
/ll things described by L.< e1pressions are called resources.
9roperties3
9roperties are speci#ic aspects, characteristics, attributes or relations used to describe
resources.
0tatements3
/ statement consists o# a resource, a property and a +alue.
27.What are ?0A vocab('aries$
L.< is designed to ha+e the #ollo%ing characteristics3
1.&ndependence.
2.&nterchangeability.
3.0calability.
7.9roperties #unctioning as resources.
F.Calues #unctioning as resources.
N.0tatements #unctioning as resources.
21. /!'ain abo(t cascadin& st%'e sheet$
Cascading style sheet is one o# the presentation technologies o# 1ml.
C00 is an 1ml supporting technology #or adding style display properties such as #onts, color,
spacing to a %eb documents.
C00 origins may be traced to the 0;!" %orld %hich used a style technologOy called
.00" to control the display o# 0;!" document
Each rule is made up o# a selector typically an element name such as an html heading or
paragraph or a user de#ined 1ml element to the selector.
0tyle rules ha+e the #ollo%ing synta13
0elector Pproperty3 +alueQ
!ultiple style declaration #or a single selector are separated by a semicolon
The #ollo%ing code has sho% ho% a css element can b added to a html or a 1ml document to
de#ine the color si(e properties.
=0T?"E T?9ER6te1tMcss6@
T&T"E P#ont-si(e3 1-largeS color3 redQ
=M0T?"E@
22. What is 0<0$ +o# is it di""erent "rom XML$
.T. stands #or .ocument Type .e#inition. .T. is a description o# the structure J the elements
and attributes that de#ine a class o# !" document.
.T. can be declared both internally in a !" document and as an e1ternal re#erence.
.T. ml 0chema
1. .td is used to de#ine the structure o# an 1ml document.
1. ml schema is used to de#ine the structure o# an 1ml document.
2. .ata type #or elements limited to te1t. 2. Numerous prede#ined data types a+ailable.
3. Comple1 data types cannot be de#ined. 3. /bility to de#ine comple1 type that map to
application data structure.
7..td document is stored as 5#ilename.dtd6 7.ml schema document is stored as 5#ilename.1ml6
2*. What is XML$ +o# it is di""erent "rom +<ML$
ml is the te1t based ma$e up language that stores the data in a structured #ormat using
meaning#ul tags. &t allo%s computers to store and e1change data in a #ormat that can be
interpreted by any other computer %ith di##erent hard%are or so#t%are speci#ication.
!" ;T!"
1.1ml stands #or E1tensible mar$up language
1. ;T!" stands #or ;yper Te1t !ar$ Bp "anguage.
2.0e+eral languages are deri+ed #rom 1ml J %ml
2. ;T!" can be deri+ed #rom 1ml.
3. ml uses inde#inite, user de#ined, meaning#ul set o# tags %hich can be used to include !"
data in the %ebpage.
3. ;T!" uses a #i1ed set o# tags %hich can be used to speci#y the appearance o# the %ebpage.
2,. /!'ain the creation o" e!terna' 0<0 #ith e!am'e$
/ .T. may be e1ternal to an 1ml source document
0ynta1 is3
=> .8CT?9E root-element 0?0TE! 5#ilename6@
.e#ining attributes in .T.
=> /TT"&0t element-name attribute-name attribute-type de#ault-+alue@
e.g. 3=>/TT"&0T payment type (./T/ 5chec$6)
E1ample
5document.dtd6
=> E"E!ENT memodoc(title,bodyte1t)@
=> E"E!ENT title (T9C./T/)@
=> E"E!ENT body te1t (T9C./T/)@
=> /TT"&0T title name (./T/ 5.T. e1ample6)
ml code
=U ml +ersionR61.G6U@
=> .8CT?9E document 0?0TE! 5document.dtd6@
=memodoc@
=title@ E1ternal dtd =Mtitle@
=Bodyte1t@ This is the body o# e1ternal .Td =Mbodyte1t@
=Mmemodoc@
2-. What is va'id !m' doc(ment$
&# an 1ml document con#orms to the rule set out by a .T. the 1ml is said to be +alid %ith the
respect to that .T..
U;I< @III
1. What is +<<9 and its (se$
;TT9 is an important building bloc$ #or using !" as a 'eb-based messaging protocol. &n
1))2 that the #ace o# the &nternet %as changed through the use o# a simple re2uest-response
protocol $no%n as ;TT9. ;TT9 %or$s much li$e <T9 e1cept that the contents o# a #ile are
deli+ered to a bro%ser instead o# a #ile system.
2. /!'ain :/< command Ai'e.
V4ET <ilename- this command interpreted as a re2uest to a ser+er listening on port *G. The
response o# the ser+er is either the contents o# the re2uested #ile or a string indicating an error.
;TT9 gains its po%er #rom its simplicity and its e1plicit a+oidance o# transport loc$-in. ;TT9
sits on top o# TC9M&9, %hich is responsible #or reliably mo+ing data bet%een &nternet nodes.
*. What is 98S< command "or$
The 980T command is a re2uest #or a ser+er to do something %ith data deli+ered as part o# the
980T message. 980T %as included in the 4TT9 speci#ication in order to deli+er ;T!" #rom
data to a ser+er #or processing by some ser+er program.
,. /!'ain XML-?94.
!"-L9C, %hich does remote procedure calls o+er the &nternet, is a great e1ample o# out-o#-
the-bo1 thin$ing. &n con#ronting the communication problem o# ho% a program on machine /
can get some code on machine B to run, !"-L9C ignores the di##iculty entirely and delegates
the transport to ;TT9, #ocusing instead on the details o# %hat to say, not ho% to get the message
there
-. What data t%es does S8A9 (se$
!"-L9C uses !" 0chema data types to speci#y the parameter types o# the procedure call.
.ata types include scalars, numbers, strings, and dates, as %ell as comple1 record and list
structures.
..What is S8A9$
08/9 is 0imple 8b:ect /ccess 9rotocol that o##er plat#orm, language /nd transport
independence #or data e1change bet%een partners and 0uppliers. 08/9 is an !"-based
protocol #or e1changing in#ormation in a decentrali(ed distributed en+ironment. the #undamental
change brought about by 08/9 has been the ability to mo+e data any%here across the %eb.
08/9 has opened opportunities #or e1tending the enterprise
3.What is +<<9$
;TT9 is an important building bloc$ #or using !" as a %eb based messaging 9rotocol. The
#ace o# the internet %as changed through the use o# a simple re2uest-response protocol $no%n as
;TT9. Both ;TT9 and <T9 mo+es data across the &nternet.<T9 deli+ers data directly to dis$
%hile ;TT9 deli+ers it to bro%ser #ig 7.3
5.0escribe +<<9 :/< command$
;TT9 is an important building bloc$ #or using !" as a %eb based messaging protocol. Client
re2uest #iles #rom ser+ers using a simple te1t string o# the #orm 54ET #ilename6 The ;TT9 4ET
command re2uest a %eb page .The ;TT9 980T command deli+ers in#ormation and recei+es
in#ormation bac$ <ig 7.7
6.0ata <%in& in XML-?94.
!"-L9C elements simply de#ine a +ocabulary to communicate in#ormation about a piece o#
code to be e1ecuted on some remote ser+er. !"-L9C uses !" schema data types to speci#y
the parameter types o# the procedure call. .ata type include scalars, numbers, strings and dates
as %ell as comple1 record and list structure
17.0escribe S8A9 "a('t.
08/9 #ault occurs %hen an application cannot understand a 08/9 message or %hen err or
occurs during the processing o# a message. The in#ormation that can be returned as a part o# a
#ault includes the #ollo%ing3
W 08/9 code3 08/9 de#ines a set o# #ault codes #or basic 08/9 Errors, although an application
may pro+ide its o%n codes.
W <aultstring3 This element pro+ides a readable e1planation as to %hy the #ault occurred.
W .etail3 The +alue o# the detail element is that it pro+ides in#ormation about the problem that
occurred %hile processing the body element. &# not present, it indicates that the problem did not
occur in the body o# the 08/9.
11. What is XML 9rotoco' Workin& :ro($
The !" 9rotocol 'or$ing 4roup is '3C group #ormed in response to the submission o# the
08/91.1 speci#ications as the basis #or a uni+ersal !"-based protocol. The #ormation o# the
%or$ing group signals the '3C-s %illingness to consider e1tending the
'eb #rom a net%or$ that deli+ers documents and lin$s to human users, to a net%or$ that
supports communication bet%een applications.
12. What is the &oa' o" XML 9rotoco' Workin& :ro($
The goal o# the !" 9rotocol 'or$ing 4roup is the creation o# simple protocols that can
Be deployed across the 'eb and easily programmed through scripting languages, !" and 'eb
tolls.
1*. What is S8A9 #ith attachments$
The 08/9 %ith attachments document de#ines a binding #or a 08/9 message to be carried
%ithin a #or !ulti-9urpose &nternet !ail E1tensions (!&!E) multipartMrelated message in such a
%ay that processing rules 08/9 messages are preser+ed.
1,. When do S8A9 "a('ts occ(r$
08/9 #aults occur %hen an application cannot understand a 08/9 message or %hen an error
occurs during the processing o# a message.
1-. What are Messa&e 9aths in S8A9$
/n important aspect o# 08/9 is the pro+ision #or message paths. &ndependent o# the transport
protocol Bsed to send 08/9 messages, messages may be routed #rom ser+er along a so-called
message path.
1..0e"ine S8A9$
08/9 stands #or simple ob:ect access protocol 08/9 is an 1ml based protocol #or e1changing
in#ormation in the decentrali(ed distributed en+ironment. &t is a combination o# 1ml and http and
made #or data trans#er to %eb en+ironment.
13. 0e"ine +<<9$
;TT9 stand #or ;yper Te1t Trans#er protocol.;TT9 is a simple re2uest response protocol. /
;TT9 deli+ers a #ile to a bro%ser. ;TT9 trans#er data bet%een client and ser+er.
15. 0i""erence bet#een S8A9 and II89C8?94 & =?M/$
08/9 &&89,8L9C,AL!E
i. Te1t based protocol that uses 1ml
ii. /ble to mo+e more easily across #ire%alls.
iii. 08/9 is standard dri+en Binary protocols
The process is some%hat tedious these protocols are +endor .ri+en
16.What are the arts in the S8A9 messa&e$
08/9 message consists o# these parts
W 08/9 En+elope3 8uter most element o# a soap message. / en+elope element is a root o# a 1ml
document.
W 08/9 ;eader3 &t is optional usually header pro+ides in#ormation about directing 08/9 ser+ers
to do processing be#ore passing the 08/9 message.
W 08/9 Body3 the 1ml document to be transported is loaded in the body element.
27 What is !m' ?94$
/ protocol #or doing remote procedure calls o+er the 'eb %here the in#ormation about %hat
procedure to call and %hat parameters to pass are encoded as 1ml in the body o# an ;TT9 980T
re2uest to a ser+er.
21. 0e"ine S8A9$
W 08/9 is an 1ml based protocol #or e1changing in#ormation in a decentrali(ed en+ironment .
W &t is a combination o# 1ml and http and made #or data trans#er through %eb en+ironment.
W 08/9 allo%s 1ml to mo+e easily o+er the %eb. 0o de#ines an 1ml en+elop #or deli+ering the
1ml content and gi+es a set o# rules #or ser+ers to do this :ob.
W 08/9 consists o# three parts3
1. Encoding rules that control !" tags that de#ine a 08/9 message and a <rame%or$ that
describe message content.
2. Lules #oe e1changing application-de#ined data types, including %hen to accept or discard data
or return an e1ception to the sender.
3. Con+entions #or representing remote procedure calls and responses.
22. Which are the environments that s(ortin& S8A9$
W 'eb ser+ices #rame%or$s used 08/9 as the transport technology.
W The .Net #rom !icroso#t support 08/9.
W 0BN is using 08/9, in its %eb ser+ices #rame%or$ 50BN 89EN NET6 en+ironment (0BN1).
W &B! pro+ides 08/9 protocol tools.
W C8LB/ +endors such as &ona are supporting 08/9 in the #orm o# C8LB/ to 08/9 bridges.
2*. 0e"ine SMIL$
D&t uses 1ml. &t can be used to de#ine instructions #or the creation o# %eb based interactions
multimedia presentation. &t can be used to control animation in bro%sers instead o# using
technologies such as #lash and :a+a can be used to describe
1. !ultimedia presentation
2. /dding hyperlin$ to media ob:ect
3. "ayout o# screen presentation
D !" 2.G is a %3c standard recommendation.
1. <aster and easier de+elopment.
2. 0upported in internet e1plorer F.F, real player, %indo%s media player and adopts 0&4 3. Not
necessary to enable :a+a script in the bro%ser.
7. <aster animation than #lash.
2,. :ive a brie" disc(ssion abo(t SMIL e'ements$
W 0!&" pro+ides elements to dra% graphics and also to coordinate them o+er time. 0!&" uses
timeline to per#orm this.
W Timeline can be used to schedule running o# di##erent comple1 multimedia ob:ects .
W The di##erent timeline elements are
1. se2-@<or animations that run one a#ter another.
2. par-@<or animation that are all run at the same time.
3. e1cl-@<or e1clusi+e elements.(animation %hich pause all other time line %hen they
2-. 0e"ine SMIL mod('ariDation$
0!&" is usually bro$e into modules.
/ module contains semantically related 1ml elements, attributes and attributes +alues.
0!&" languages pro#ile can be used to combine modules to pro+ide the #unctionality re2uired by
a speci#ic application.
!odulari(ation enables language designers to speci#y dedicated mar$up intended #or integration
%ith other e1isting !" languages, such as !ath!" and <orms.
The use o# modules in 0!&" is based on %or$ done %ith ;T!" modulari(ation.
/ module is a collection o# semantically-related !" elements, attributes, and attributes +alues
that represents a unit o# #unctionality.
Unit-I>
1. What is Web Services$
'eb ser+ice is a technology, a process, and a phenomenon. /s a technology it is a set o#
protocols that builds on the global connecti+ity made possible by 08/9 and ;TT9. /s a process,
it is an approach to sM% disco+ery and connection o+er %eb. /s a phenomenon, it-s an industry
%ide reali(ation.
2. What are the thin&s avai'ab'e in Web Services$
1. .escribing3 'eb ser+ices describe its #unctionality and attributes
2. E1posing3 'eb ser+ices register %ith a repository that contains a %hite pages holding basic
ser+ice-pro+ider in#ormation, a yello% pages listing ser+ices by category, and a green pages
describing ho% to connect and use the ser+ices.
3. Being in+o$ed3 'hen a %eb ser+ice has been located, a remote application can in+o$e the
ser+ices.
7. Leturning a response3 'hen a ser+ice has been in+o$ed, results are returned to the re2uesting
application.
*. What Q(a'i"ies as Web Services$
/ 'eb ser+ice is anything that can de#ine itsel# +ia an internet. The things that can be e1pressed
as %eb ser+ices3
1. 0o#t%are Component or /pplication, 2. / !o+ie re+ie%, 3. / tra+el pac$age
,. List o(t the advanta&e o" Web services techno'o&%$
1. .ecide on the ser+ice it %ants to pro+ide
2. 9ic$ a registry #or uploading it-s in#ormation
3. .ecide ho% to list its ser+ice at the registry
7. .e#ine e1plicitly ho% users can connect to its ser+ice
-. What are the major asects o" Web service techno'o&ies$
o / ser+ice pro+ider pro+ides an inter#ace #or so#t%are that can carry out a speci#ied set o#
tas$s.
o / ser+ice re2uester disco+ers and in+o$es a so#t%are ser+ice to pro+ide business solution.
o / repository or bro$er manages and publishes the ser+ice. 0er+ice pro+iders publish their
ser+ices %ith the bro$er, and re2uests access those ser+ices by creating bindings to the ser+ice
pro+ider.
.. List o(t the ke% techno'o&ies$
_ B..& is a protocol #or describing 'eb ser+ices components that allo%s businesses to register
%ith an &nternet directory and ad+ertise their ser+ices.
_ '0." is the proposed standard #or describing a 'eb ser+ices. '0." is built around an !"-
based ser+ice &nter#ace .e#inition "anguage that de#ines both the ser+ice inter#ace and
implementation details.
_ 08/9 is a protocol #or communicating %ith a B..& ser+ice.
3. What is U00I$
B..& means Bni+ersal .escription, .isco+ery and &ntegration. B..& is a protocol #or
communicating %ith registries. The core o# B..& is the B..& Business Legistry, a global,
pubic, online directory.
5. What are Web Services ?e&istr% 0irectories$
_ 'hite 9ages3 holding basic ser+ice-pro+ider in#ormation
_ ?ello% 9ages3 listing ser+ices by category
_ 4reen 9ages3 describing ho% to connect and use the ser+ices.
6. What is WS0L$
'0." is 'eb 0er+ice, .e#inition "anguage. '0." is the piece o# 'eb ser+ices #rame%or$ that
describes ho% to connect to %eb ser+ice pro+iders. The '0." speci#ication supports the
building o# %eb based computing ser+ices that target computer programs rather than human
users.
17. What are the risks in Web Services$
!aturity3 .i##erent implementation may not %or$ together.
0ecurity3 08/9 messages on port *G bypass #ire%alls. 0o net%or$ administrator has to
implement necessary security to pre+ent attac$s.
Transaction3 Transaction must be speci#ied outside the %eb ser+ices #rame%or$ such as .NET
or A2EE.
Con#iguration !anagement3 Change management is not addressed.
11. What is ebXML$
eb!" is Electronic Business !". &t adds process to e-business interaction. &t represents a
global initiati+e to de#ine processes that can interact o+er the %eb. The e##ort o# eb!" includes
multiple speci#ications that de#ine standard %ays to e1changing business message,
communicating data and de#ining and registering business processes.
12. What is <ransaction$
Transaction is a set o# so#t%are operation that should satis#y the /C&. properties o# transactions.
The /C&. properties are
_ /tomicity3 either all o# the operation should be per#ormed or none o# them should
be per#ormed
_ Consistency3 re#ers to data consistency
_ &solation3 only one transaction can manipulate data at a particular time.
_ .urability3 the reco+erability o# the updated data e+en %hen a #ailure occurs a#ter the commit
operation is per#ormed.
1*. What is Identit%$
'eb based net%or$ ser+ices need a %ay to authenticate and +alidate users. To do this system
+alidates the user based on permissions stored in some database to determine %hat the user can
and can-t do.
1,. What is assort$
9assport is !icroso#t-s single-sign-on authentication ser+ice that allo% users to access %eb si(e
and ser+ices. !icroso#t-s 9assport maintains identity across a +ariety o# applications. 9assport
has been integrated %ith !icroso#t-s ;otmail email ser+ice and is the entry o# .NET !y ser+ices.
1,. What is .;/<$
.NET is a !icroso#t #rame%or$. !icroso#t .NET is a strategy #or deli+ering sM% as ser+ice across
the %eb. The .NET initiati+e represents a de+elopment #rame%or$ that integrates earlier
!icroso#t technologies %ith ne%er technologies built around !".
1-. What are comonents o" .;/< architect(re$
The .NET architecture includes se+eral technology components3
.e+elopment Tools3 set o# languages, including CT and CB.NET, a class library #or building
%eb ser+ice and %eb, Common "anguage Luntime (C"L) to e1ecute ob:ect %ithin this
#rame%or$.
0peciali(ed ser+ers3 to pro+ide #unctionality #or related data storage, e-mail and B2B
commerce
'eb ser+ices3 support ser+ices such as passport and .NET !y ser+ices
.e+ices3 .NET enabled non-9C de+ices, #rom cell phones to game bo1es.
1.. What are the comonents o" .;/< 9'at"orm$
The main components o# .NET 9lat#orm are,
8perating 0ystem
0eries o# .NET Enterprise 0er+ers
.NET architecture is Cisual0tudio.NET (C0.NET)
13. What are the ke% in&redients o" the .;/< Arame#ork$
The $ey ingredients o# .NET <rame%or$ are,
_ Common "anguage Luntime (C"L)X
_ Common #rame%or$ o# classes that can be used by all .NET languages
15. What is =2//$
A2EE is the Aa+a-centric enterprise plat#orm speci#ication. A2EE is used to built %eb sites and
application around Enterprise Aa+a Bean (EAB.). Lecently it has been e1tended to include support
#or !" and 'eb 0er+ices.
16. What is S(n8;/$
0un8NE is 0un-s opened net en+ironment. &t is a #rame%or$ #or creating and deploying %eb
ser+ices #rom 0un-s A2EE #rame%or$. &t relies on !", 08/9 and Aa+a to add 'eb 0er+ices
e1tensions to bridge a gap bet%een the loosely coupled and tighyly coupled ob:ect #rame%or$.
27. What is /4LI9S/$
Eclipse is an open-source, Aa+a-based so#t%are plat#orm designed #or buildings &.Es. Eclipse is
an e##ort to reduce the comple1ity associated %ith building applications that rely on other
applications and ser+ices.
21. What is E/A$
BE/ is an application ser+ice pro+ider that targets e-business solutions. BE/ 'eb"ogic ser+er, a
:a+a-based middle-tier ser+er that integrates 'eb-based #ront ends %ith bac$-end data stores.
22. What are the comonents o" E/A WebLo&ic /-E(siness 9'at"orm$
_ BE/ 'eb"ogic 0er+er
_ BE/ 'eb"ogic &ntegration
_ BE/ 'eb"ogic 9ersonali(ation 0er+er
2*. List o(t the di""erent t%e o" Adaters$
&nput and output adapters #or speci#ying 0"T style sheets to trans#orm ser+ice re2uests to the
!" #ormat re2uired by ser+ice
9rotocol adapter to connect %ith 'eb ser+ices using ;TT9, A.BC, 0!T9, and 08/9
E1ecution adapters to e1ecute ser+ice re2uests in a particular #lo%, relaying a re2uest to contact
a ser+ice pro+ider, and relaying the response.
2,. What is 8rac'e$
The 8racle )i %eb ser+ice #rame%or$ pro+ides an in#rastructure that support de+elopment,
management and deployment to portals, e1changes, and other internet and mobile applications. &t
uses !" as a common access method.
2-. List o(t the Web Service 9ack in =2//$
Aa+a /9& #or !" 9rocessing (A/9)
Aa+a /rchitecture #or !" Binding (A/B)
Aa+a /9& #or !" !essaging (A/!)
Aa+a /9& #or !9 Lemote 9rocedure Calls (A/-L9C)
Aa+a /9& #or !" Legistries (A/L)
Unit->
1. What is XFMS$
K!0 is a '3C initiati+e that targets the delegation o# trust processing decisions to one or more
speciali(ed trust processors to gi+e businesses an easier %ay to manage digital signatures and
data encryption .&nstead o# relaying on proprietary public-$ey in#rastructure implementations,
companies can use standard inter#aces to %or$ %ith di##erent +endors to handle issues
surrounding digital certi#ication chec$ing, re+ocation status chec$ing, and +alidation.
2. 0e"ine XFMS str(ct(re$
K!0 speci#ies protocols #or distributing and registering public $eys and is suitable #or use in
con:unction %ith the proposed standard #or !" signature and as a companion standard #or
!" encryption. K!0 has t%o parts
!" $ey in#ormation ser+ice speci#ication(-K&00)
!" $ey registration ser+ice speci#ication(-KL00).
*. 0e"ine X-FISS$
This de#ines a protocol #or a trust ser+ice that resol+es public Y$ey &n#ormation contained in
documents that con#orm to the !" signature speci#ication. / basic ob:ecti+e o# the protocol
design is to minimi(e the comple1ity o# application implementations by allo%ing them to
become clients and there by to shielded #rom the comple1ity and synta1 o# the underlying 9K&
used to establish trust relationships.
,. 0e"ine X-F?SS$
This de#ines a protocol #or a %eb ser+ice that accepts registration o# public Y $ey in#ormation.
8nce registered the public $ey may be used in con:unction %ith other %eb ser+ices including -
K&00.
-. Stes invo'ved in XML encr%tion$
0electing the !" to be encrypted.
Con+erting to canonical #orm i# using entities or namespaces %ith pre#i1es.
Encrypting the resulting canonical #orm using public Y$ey encryption.
0ending the encrypted !" to the intended recipient.
.. What are di&ita' si&nat(res$
/ digital signature guarantees document authenticity. &n combination %ith 9ublic-$ey encryption
it is used to authenticate the identity o# the sender by encrypting %ith a pri+ate $ey and to
+alidate the content o# the message by transmitting a copy o# the digital hash o# the message.
.igital signatures can be used in a range o# applications #rom online credit card purchases to the
+eri#ication o# comple1 legal documents.
3. What is sin&'e-ke% cr%to&rah%$
0ingle-$ey cryptography is the basis #or classic encryption. &n the past, the encryption systems
used a single secret $ey #or encoding and decoding in#ormation. ;o%e+er, single $ey encryption
systems #ace the problem o# ma$ing the single $ey $no%n to the message recipient. &n electronic
commerce, single-$ey systems are e##ecti+e #or secure communication bet%een #i1ed de+ices
such as /T! machines and ser+ers. ;o%e+er, single-$ey cryptography does not %or$ %ell on
the %eb.
5. What is (b'ic ke% cr%to&rah%$
9ublic-$ey cryptography enables secure communication bet%een parties %ithout the need to
e1change a secret $ey. 9ublic-$ey cryptography uses a comple1 mathematical #ormula to
generate t%o separate but related $eys, one open to public and the other pri+ate, $no%n only to
one indi+idual. Encrypting %ith a public $ey ensures con#identiality. &t is the basis #or pri+acy,
authentication, data integrity, and non repudiation.
6. What are the !m' sec(rit% techno'o&ies$
The '3C is dri+ing three !" security technologies3
D !" .igital 0ignature
D !" Encryption
D !" $ey !anagement 0er+ices
17. Write the stes "or XML /ncr%tion$
1. 0electing the !" to be encrypted.
2. Con+erting to canonical #orm i# using entities or namespaces.
3. Encrypting the resulting canonical #orm using public-$ey encryption.
7. 0ending the encrypted !" to the intended recipient.
11. What is 8AX$
The 8< speci#ication is an !"-based language that enables bro$erage clients to do%nload
account in#ormation directly into their accounting or ta1-preparation so#t%are. 8< also
supports the e1change o# #inancial in#ormation among #inancial ser+ice companies, their
technology out sources and consumers using %eb an 9C based so#t%are. The #ocus o# 8< !"
+ocabulary is on data e1change, not on data storage.
12. What is +?-XML$
;L-!" de#ines a common +ocabulary #or storing human resources data. &t is a nonpro#it
consortium dedicated to enabling an !"-based e-commerce and human resources data
interchange #ormat.
1*. What is 8ASIS$
The 8rgani(ation #or /d+ancement o# 0tructured &n#ormation 0tandards (8/0&0) is a non pro#it
international consortium that creates interoperable industry speci#ications based on public !"
and 04!" standards. 8/0&0 is an organi(ation that trac$s and promotes !" standards. &t
maintains directories o# industry speci#ic +ocabularies.
1,. /!'ain abo(t S>:$
0C4 is an alternati+e to deli+ering 4&< or A9E4 images to bro%sers. 0C4 is a Lecommendation
that de#ines an !" grammar #or creating +ector-based 2. 4raphics #or the 'eb and other
applications Because 0C4 is de#ined as an !" grammar, 0C4 graphics can easily be
generated dynamically on the 'eb 0er+er using standard !" tools and deli+ered %ith a style
sheet to a bro%ser #or rendering.
1-. What is SMIL$
0!&" is a broad-based e##ort to use !" instructions #or the creation o# %eb based interacti+e
multimedia presentations. 0!&" pro+ides an !" alternati+e to technologies such as <lash or
Aa+a0cript that are %idely used to control animation in bro%sers.
1.. What is SMIL and its (ses$
R@ 0!&" is the acronym o# 0ynchroni(ed !ultimedia &ntegration "anguage.
R@ &t can be used to de#ine instructions #or the creation o# %eb based interacti+e multimedia
presentations.
R@ 0!&" can be used to describe,
D !ultimedia presentations.
D /dding hyperlin$s to +ideo ob:ects.
D "ayout o# screen presentation.
13. What are the advanta&es o" SMIL$
D <aster and easier de+elopment.
D 0upported in &EF.F,real player, %indo%s media player and /.8BE1.F 0C4 plug-in.
D Not necessary to enable Aa+a0cript in the bro%ser.
D <aster animation than #lash.
15. List o(t the SMIL e'ements$
R@ 0!&" pro+ides elements to dra% graphics and also to coordinate them o+er time.
R@ 0!&" uses time, line, and it can be used to schedule running o# di##erent comple1 !ultimedia
ob:ects.
R@ The di##erent timeline elements are,
D 0e2 3- <or animations that run one a#ter the another.
D 9ar 3- <or animations that all run at the same time.
D E1cl 3- <or e1clusi+e elements that animation %hich pause all other timeless %hen they run.
16. What are the three basic sec(rit% reB(irements "or e-b(siness and e!'ain$
R@ The three basic security re2uirements are,
D Con#identiality
D /uthentication
D .ata &ntegrity
1. Con#identiality - Ensuring the in#ormation is not made a+ailable or disclosed to unauthori(ed
&ndi+iduals, entities or processes. 0omeone ea+esdropping on a con+ersation or tapping into a
.ata stream should not be able to understand the communication.
2. /uthentication - Closely associated %ith authentication is non repudiation. <or a business
transaction to be +alid, neither party should later be able to deny participation.
3. .ata &ntegrity - Ensuring that %hen in#ormation arri+es at its destination it hasnHt been
tampered %ith or altered in transit #rom its original #orm, either accidentally or deliberately.
21. What is data inte&rit%$
Ensuring that in#ormation arri+ing the destination has not been tempter %ith or altered #orm is
original #orm either accidentally or purposely.
22. :(ide'ines "or Si&nin& XML 0oc(ments$
!" relies on substitution and trans#ormation Content o# e1ternal style sheet should be signed i#
its re#erred The in#ormation that %as presented must be signed Trans#ormations may alter
content, so the trans#ormed data should be signed The security o# o+erall system depends on the
security and integrity o# procedures and personnel as %ell as %ell as procedural en#orcement
2*. What are the stes inc'(ded d(rin& the creation o" a core canonica' "orm$
Encoding the document in the Bni+ersal Character 0et BT<Z*
Normali(ing line brea$s be#ore parsing
Leplacing character and parsed entity Le#erences
Con+erting Empty Element to start-end tag pairs
2,. What is the XML sec(rit% "rame#ork$
'3c is dri+ing three 1ml security technologies3
-!" .igital 0ignature
-!" Encryption
-!" Key !anagement 0er+ices
1. @marks
U;I< I
1.Loles and /d+antages o# !"
Loles3
W ml is a metalanguage de#ined by %3c.
W ml is a set o# rules and guidelines #or describing structured data.
W ml goes beyond its technical speci#ication.
W ml has been the dri+ing #orce behind other standards and +ocabularies.
W ml is a speci#ication #or de#ining ne% mar$up language.
W ml gi+e rise to +ertical industry +ocabularies in support o# B2B e-commerce.
W ;ori(ontal +ocabularies pro+ide ser+ice to %ide range o# industries.
W ml in#luence has been #elt in three %a+es,#rom industry speci#ic +ocabularies to
hori(ontal industry applications to protocol.
W ml has enabled industry +ocabularies and protocol.
/d+antages3
W ml #iles are human-readable.&t %as designed as te1t.
W 'idespread industry support e1ists #or ml.Tools and utilities are pro+ided %ith
%eb bro%ser,database,operating system.
W !a:or relational databases ha+e the capability to read and generate ml data.
W ml support the interpretation and trans#ormation o# ml data #or %ebpage display
and report.
W ml must be compatible %ith 4!".
W ml design must be #ormal and concise.
2.E1plain brie#ly !"3The Three Le+olutions
The three re+olutions are,
1. .ata Le+olution
2. /rchitecture Le+olution
3. 0o#t%are Le+olution
.ata Le+olution3
DBnderstood ho% data %as #ormatted and ho% process it
D9ro+ide alternati+es to speciali(e E.&
D !" enables the creation o# program independent data #ormats
DE1plain about !"3 8rigin and Cultures
-!"-s origin arein 04!"
-!" has emerged #rom a document culture
-!" opens up options #or treating code as data
/rchitectural Le+olution3
The !" technologies pro+ide %ay to mo+e #rom tightly coupled system based
on e1isting established in#ra structures such as C8LB/,L!& and .C8! to loosely
coupled system %hich can %or$ on the standard TC9M&9 protocol.
0o#t%are Le+olution3
!" helps to build so#t%are in this re+olutionary %ay.The ne% idea is to create
building bloc$s that can be used in combination %ith other building bloc$ that are e1isting
or yet to be created.
3.E1plain 'eb0er+ices.
'ebser+ices is both a process and set o# protocols #or #inding and connecting to
0o#t%are e1posed as ser+ices o+er the 'eb.
'ebser+ices builds on a 08/9 #oundation J #acilitates so#t%are interaction.
'ebser+ices /rchitecture3
'ebser+icesRrepository[client[pro+ider.
/ ser+ice pro+ider -- inter#ace #or so#t%are that can carry out a speci#ied set o# tas$s.
/ ser+ice re2uester--disco+ers and in+o$es a so#t%are ser+ice to gi+e business solution.
/ ser+ice pro+ider\manages J publishes the ser+ice.
Key Technologies.
W B..&-Bni+ersal .escription, .isco+ery and integration.
- / protocol #or describing %eb ser+ices components.
- B..& allo%s businesses to register %ith an &nternet directory so they can ad+ertise
their ser+ices and companies can #ind each other and carry out transactions o+er the %eb.
W '0." Y 'eb ser+ices .escription language.
- /n !" description o# both the ser+ice inter#ace J the implementation details o#
ho% to connect to and use a particular 'ebser+ice.
W 08/9-0imple 8b:ect access protocol.
-/n !" based protocol #or e1changing in#ormation in a decentrali(ed J distributed
en+ironment.
-08/9 is a protocol #or communicating %ith a B..& ser+ice.
'eb 0er+ices Lis$s3
1.!aturity 2. 0ecurity 3.Transactions 7.Con#iguration !anagement.
eb!"3
- eb1ml adds process to e-business interaction.
- BNMCE</CT J 8/0&0 are $ey players behind eb!".
eb!" Technologies3
The Technical architecture consists o# 1.!essaging 2.Business processes
3.trading 9artner pro#iles and agreements 7.Legistries J repositories F.Core components.
7.E1plain !" J .T..
/ .T. is used to de#ine the structure o# an !" document./ .T. may be used by
both sender and recei+er o# !".0enders used to create ml.Lecei+er used to compare the
recei+ed document against the dtd. / dtd can be declared in t%o %ays.
i. &nternal .T.
ii. E1ternal .T.
&nternal .T.3
The .T. can be declared %ithin the ml document.The synta1 #or using internal
dtd is
=>.8CT?9E name o# dtd]describe the elementsX@.
E1ample #or internal dtd.
E1ternal .T.3
The dtd can be declared as an e1ternal inter#ace.&t may be an e1ternal to an ml
source document.The synta1 #or using e1ternal dtd is
=>.8CT?9E root-element 0?0TE! 5#ilename6@.
E1ample #or e1ternal dtd.
.e#ining attributes in dtd3
The synta1 #or speci#ying attributes in dtd is,
=>/TT"&0T element-name attribute-name attribute-type de#ault-+alue@
E1ample #or de#ining attributes.
9ossible attributes type3
E1plain the possible +alues %ith their e1planation.0ome o# the +alues are
C./T/,&.,&.LE<,&.LE<0,ENT&T?^^^.
.e#ault attribute +alues3
0peci#ying the de#ault attribute +alue means i# the user does not assign any +alue to
the attribute then a de#ault +alue %ill be assigned.E1plain the possible de#ault +alues %ith
their e1planation.The de#ault +alues are
+alue,T.E</B"T,TLEIB&LE.,T&!9"&E.,T<&E..
F.!" "anguage Basic
!" stands #or EE1tensible !ar$up language E a language de+eloped by %orld %ide %eb
consortium('3C). &t is de#ined as meta language because it is used to de#ine other
languages through use o# mar$up tags, %hich add structure and meaning to documents.
!" <undamentals
Elements
- Elements are the primary means #or describing data in !"
- Elements used in three %ays3
- 0imple Content
- Element as container #or other Elements
- Empty Element as container #or /ttributes
Element Naming Lule
- Names can contain letters, and characters.
- Names must not begin %ith a number or punctuation.
- Names must not start %ith the string E1mlE in any upper or lo%er case #orm.
- Names must not contain spaces.
/ttributes
&t pro+ides additional in#ormation about the elements.
Element Cersus /ttributes
Leason #or not using attributes3
Entities
Entities are used to substitute one string #or another in an !" document.
Types o# Entities3
- 9rede#ined Entities
- 9arameter Entities
C./T/
'hen an !" data is parsed, all the !" is processed e1cept the data inside the C./T/
section.
Unit @ II
1. E1plain brie#ly 1ml Trans#ormationU
ml is supported by se+eral technologies that allo% 1ml to be manipulated and
modi#ies in +arious %ays. These technologies include 0"T, "in$, 9ath, and Iuery.
[
_ 0"T3 0"T is used to trans#orm an 1ml document. 0"T uses templates and
rules. The trans#ormation language 0"T may be used to Trans#orm 1ml into a +ariety o#
#ormats(#ig2.1F).0"T and css may complement each other.
_ "in$3 "in$ %ill enable bidirectional %eb lin$ing.
_ 9ath3 9ath is used to na+igate 1ml tree structure. E1plain #rom (#ig2.1N).9ath is
used to speci#y nodes using their location in an 1ml tree.
_ Iuery3 Iuery brings database 2uery processing to 1ml, <lattening, changing
structure by nesting. Changing structure by e1plicit grouping, sorting. Tag +ariables.
2. E1plain brie#ly !" 0chema3
/ 1ml schema is used to de#ine the structure o# 1ml document. The schema de#ines
the list o# element, the order in %hich that must appear in 1ml document and attributes that
can be used in 1ml document.
.atatype used in a !" 0chema3
0. pro+ides a list o# prede#ined data type. These data types can be classi#ies as
#ollo%s.
9rimiti+e3 0tring, .ecimal, <loat, Boolean, Time .uration, Le2uired .uration.
.eri+ed3 &nteger, long, non-negati+e integer, positi+e integer, int, Time, .ate.
/tomic3 /tomic data type are those datatype that cannot be broaden do%n into smaller
unit
"ist 3 "ist .atatype or deri+ed data type that contain a set o# +alue o# an atomic
datatype.
Bnion3 Bnion datatype are deri+ed #rom atomic and list datatype.

!" 9rocessing3
'hen 1ml arri+es as the ser+er both +alidation and processing can be per#ormed by
1ml parses. 1ml parsing and processing there are t%o alternati+es.
_ .ocument ob:ect !odel(.8!)3
_ 0imple /9& #or 1ml(0/)3
3.E1plain about 9resentation Techni2ueU
ml presentation technologies pro+ides a modular %ay to deli+er and display
content to a +ariety o# de+ices. &t e1amine some technologies #or display including css,1sl,
1#orms, 1html, +oice1ml.
_ C003 C00 is used to control document display. E1plain #rom #ig(2.1G).C00 is a'3C
Lecommendation
_ 0"3 0" began as an e##ort to pro+ide a better css. 0" is based on applying rules or
template to an 1ml document. C00 compared to 0"(Table2.1).
_ <orms3 <orms are %idely used in all aspects o# ecommerce. <orms deli+ers 1ml.
<orms implementation.<orms pro+ides a standard %ay to collect #rom data through a
+ariety o# de+ice inter#ace (#ig2.12)
_ ;T!"3 ;T!" brings ;T!" into con#ormance %ith 1ml. ;T!" modules build
a base #or the #uture. ;T!" allo%s speciali(ed mar$up languages to be de+eloped. The
0tructure o# ;T!"(#ig 2.13)S
_ Coice 1ml3 Coid 1ml uses 1ml te1t to dri+e +oice dialogs. Coice1ml documents are
used to dri+e +oice interactions o+er con+entional or %ireless phones(#ig2.17).+oice 1ml
supports both #orms and menus.
7.0hort notes on !" NamespacesU
Namespaces eliminates the ambiguity o# the same name #rom di##erent pro+iders.
Namespaces use BL"s to distinguish names. The !" namespaces recommendation
allo%s identical element names #rom di##erent sources to be distinguished.
Namespace .eclarations3
The simplest approach is to declare a namespace is a top-le+el element and let all
the element and attributes under the top-le+el element come under the scope o# the
namespace.
=school3sub:ect@maths=Mschool3sub:ect@
=cs3sub:ect@1ml and %s=Mcs3sub:ect@
Namespace /bbre+ations3Namespace abbre+iations may be used to simpli#y %riting and
reading the 1ml.
F. E1plain brie#ly .T.U
.T. can be used by both sender and recei+er o# 1ml. .T.s are %ritten using a
di##erent synta1 #rom !"..T.s de#ine the elements and attributes. .T01 are not able to
distinctions about datatype.
!" and .T.s3
/ .T. can be declared either %ithin 1ml document or e1ternal document.
_ &nternal .T. that begins %ith 5=>.8CT?9E and ends %ith 5X@6.
_ E1ternal .T. 3 =>.8CT?9E root-element 0?0TE!6#ilename6@
.e#ining /ttributes in .T.s3
.T. may also be used to speci#y attributes using the #ollo%ing #orm.
=>/TT"&0T element-name attribute-name attribute-type de#ault-+alue@
some o# the attribute-type in a 1ml .T.(Table /-1)
.e#ault /ttribute +alue3
The synta1 #or de#ault attribute +alues is as #ollo%s3
=>/TT"&0T element-name attribute-name attribute-type 5de#ault-+alue6@
some o# the de#ault attribute +alues in .T.(Table/-2)
&mplied /ttribute3
The synta1 #or implies attribute +alue is as #ollo%s3
=>/TT"&0T element-name attribute-name attribute-type T&!9"&E.@
U;I< @ III
1. Brie#ly E1plain /bout ;TT9 J !"-L9C
;TT9
;TT9 is an important building bloc$ #or using !" as a 'eb-based messaging
protocol. &n 1))2 that the #ace o# the &nternet %as changed through the use o# a simple
re2uest-response protocol $no%n as ;TT9.
<igure 7.3 sho%s that ;TT9 %or$s much li$e <T9 e1cept that the contents o# a #ile
are deli+ered to a bro%ser instead o# a #ile system. The #irst ;TT9 speci#ication %ritten by
Tim Berners-"ee is a study in simple elegance. Clients re2uest #iles #rom ser+ers using a
simple te1t string o# the #orm3
4ET Command
V4ET <ilename- this command interpreted as a re2uest to a ser+er listening on port
*G. The response o# the ser+er is either the contents o# the re2uested #ile or a string
indicating an error. ;TT9 gains its po%er #rom its simplicity and its e1plicit a+oidance o#
transport loc$-in. ;TT9 sits on top o# TC9M&9, %hich is responsible #or reliably mo+ing
data bet%een &nternet nodes.
9ost Command3
The 980T command is a re2uest #or a ser+er to do something %ith data deli+ered as
part o# the 980T message. 980T %as included in the 4TT9 speci#ication in order to
deli+er ;T!" #rom data to a ser+er #or processing by some ser+er program.
.i##erence bet%een 4ET J 980T
!"-L9C
!"-L9C, %hich does remote procedure calls o+er the &nternet, is a great e1ample
o# out-o#-the-bo1 thin$ing. &n con#ronting the communication problem o# ho% a program
on machine / can get some code on machine B to run, !"-L9C ignores the di##iculty
entirely and delegates the transport to ;TT9, #ocusing instead on the details o# %hat to say,
not ho% to get the message there.
.ata Typing
!"-L9C uses !" 0chema data types to speci#y the parameter types o# the
procedure call. .ata types include scalars, numbers, strings, and dates, as %ell as comple1
record and list structure.
The !"-L9C speci#ication places a number o# minimal re2uirements on the
!", including the #ollo%ing3
The !" payload must be %ell-#ormed !" and contain a single method Call
structure.
The method Call element must contain a method Name sub-item consisting o# a string
that names the method to be called.
&# parameters are re2uired, the method Call element must contain a params sub-items
that contains indi+idual param elements, each o# %hich contains a single +alue.
!"-L9C Lesponses
The :ob o# the ser+er is to process the !"-L9C re2uest #or the e1ecution o# some
piece o# code and return a +alue to the client.
!"-L9C speci#ies that the response to a procedure call must be a single !" structure, a
method Lesponse, %hich can contain either the return +alue pac$aged in a single params
element or a #ault element %hich contains in#ormation about %hy the #ault occurred.
2. E1plain about 08/9 message, design patterns, #aults, and 08/9 %ith attachments.
08/9 !essage 0tructure
08/9 consists o# 3 parts
E1plain 08/9 en+elop
E1plain 08/9 header
E1plain 08/9 body
08/9 .esign 9atterns
0o#t%are architecture pattern pro+ide a high le+el conceptual +ie% o# a so#t%are
system. There are 2 types o# architecture patterns.
D"ayer 9attern
D9ipe and <ilter
08/9 </B"T0
<aults occur %hen application couldn-t understand soap message. 0oap
#aults are
<ault code
<ault string
.etail
08/9 %ith attachments
08/9 pro+ides a protocol to deli+er !" across the &nternet. But not only !"
needs to be transported but also other related documents such as .T.s, schema, Bni#ied
!odeling "anguage diagrams, #a1es, public and pri+ate $eys and digests that may be
related to !".
08/9 and <ire%alls
0oap-s global reach is made possible by its alliance %ith ;TT9, the &nternet
protocol that is the basis #or mo+ing data bac$ and #orth #rom 'eb ser+ers to
bro%ers.;TT9 %or$s by accessing 'eb ser+ers on port *G, %hich is $ept open #or 'eb
tra##ic
3. E1plain brie#ly 08/9 &ntermediates, /ctors, .esign and 9atterns, <aults.
08/9 &ntermediaries3
_ 08/9 &ntermediaries are an essential aspect o# building scalable %eb based
distributed system
_ / 08/9 compliant ser+er must be able to act as a 08/9 intermediary capable o#
processing and #or%arding 08/9 !essage
_ 08/9 intermediaries are speci#ied by their BL&0
0ynta13
=08/9ZENC3 ;eader
08/9ZENC3actor-http3MMyourser+er.com
^.@
08/9 J /CT8L03
_ &# 08/9 actor attribute is not present in a header, then recipient o# message is the #inal
destination, %hile recei+ing 08/9 !essage.
_ &denti#y parts o# message intended #or application
_ 9rocess it
_ &# parts o# message could not be identi#ied, it-s ignored.
08/9 .E0&4N 9/TTELN0
9atterns pro+ide a structure %ithin %hich components can be designed and
integrated.
08/9 .E0&4N 9/TTELN0 /LE
&t re#lects pipe and #i#terpattern :ust li$e BN& system
<ire%alls by using port *G 0oap support intermediaries along data path
0a1 -simple /9& #or 1ml parsing supports intermediaries along an 1ml
parsing path.
<ilters used to per#orm comple1 tas$s.
"ayers li$e osi layer concept are also adopted here.
08/9 </B"T0
<aults occur %hen application couldn-t understand soap message. 0oap
#aults are
<ault code
<ault string
.etail
7. E1plain brie#ly 08/9 %ith attachments.
/. 08/9 pro+ides a protocol to deli+er !" across the &nternet. But not
only !" needs to be transported but also other related documents such as .T.s,
schema, Bni#ied !odeling "anguage diagrams, #a1es, public and pri+ate $eys and digests
that may be related to !".
/ttachments
The 08/9 %ith attachments document de#ines a binding #or a 08/9 message to be carried
%ithin a !ulti-9urpose &nternet !ail E1tensions (!&!E) multipartMrelated message in such
a %ay that processing rules #or 08/9 messages are preser+ed. The !&!&E multipart
mechanism #or encapsulation o# compound documents can be used to bundle entities
related to the 08/9 message, such as attachments.
08/9 and <ire%alls
0oap-s global reach is made possible by its alliance %ith ;TT9, the &nternet
protocol that is the basis #or mo+ing data bac$ and #orth #rom 'eb ser+ers to
bro%ers.;TT9 %or$s by accessing 'eb ser+ers on port *G, %hich is $ept open #or 'eb
tra##ic.
The '3C and 08/9
The !" 9rotocol 'or$ing 4roup is '3C group #ormed in response to the
submission o# the 08/91.1 speci#ications as the basis #or a uni+ersal !"-based protocol.
The goal o# the !" 9rotocol 'or$ing 4roup is the creation o# simple protocols that can
be deployed across the 'eb and easily programmed through scripting languages, !" and
'eb tools.
Ta$ing 08/9 to the Ne1t "e+el
4oing beyond the simple use o# 08/9 to e1change data, se+eral options are
emerging that use 08/9 as their base protocol.. 8ther options include Electronic Business
!" and 'eb ser+ices.
F. E1plain brie#ly about 08/9U
.e#inition3
08/9 is an !"-based protocol #or e1changing in#ormation in a decentrali(ed distributed
en+ironment. &t %as a combination o# !" and ;TT9 made #or data trans#orm through
%eb en+ironment.
The Load to 08/9
DE1plain about E.&
DE1plain about ;TT9
.ata Type3
!"-L9C uses !" schema data type to speci#y the parameter type o# the procedure
call. .ata type includes scalars, number, string, and dates as %ell as comple1 record and list
structures.
08/9 9rotocol3
The transport protocol used by C8LB/, .C8!, L!& or &&89, 8L9C, AL!& &0
respectably.
08/9 8+er+ie%
(1)Encoding rules that control !" tags.
(2)Lules #or e1change application de#ined data type.
(3)Con+entions #or representing remote procedure calls and responses.
08/9 !essage 0tructure
08/9 consists o# 3 parts
E1plain 08/9 en+elop
E1plain 08/9 header
E1plain 08/9 body
08/9 .esign 9atterns
0o#t%are architecture pattern pro+ide a high le+el conceptual +ie% o# a so#t%are
system. There are 2 types o# architecture patterns.
D"ayer 9attern
D9ipe and <ilter
Unit @ I>
1. E1plain about 'eb 0er+ices TechnologiesU
'eb 0er+ices Technologies
'eb ser+ices depends on se+eral enabling technologies 08/9, B..&,and '0.".
The 'eb 0er+ice /rchitechture
/ ser+ice pro+ider
/ ser+ice re2uester
/ repository or bro$er
Key Technologies3
B..&
'0."
08/9
B..&
B..& is a protocol #or describing 'eb ser+ices components that allo%s business to
register %ith an &nternet directory so they can ad+ertise their ser+ices and complaies can
#ind each other and carry out transactions o+er the %eb.
B..& #rame%or$ speci#ications
The B..& 9rogrammerHs /9& 0peci#ication
The B..& .ata 0tructure 0peci#ication
B..& <ailure /nd Leco+ery
'0."
'0." is the proposed standard #or describing a 'eb ser+ice. &t is the piece o# the
%ebser+ice #rame%or$ that describes ho% to connect to %eb ser+ices. the '0."
speci#ications supports the building o# %eb based computing ser+ices that target computer
programs rather than human users.
Lis$s o# 'Eb 0er+ices3
!aturity
0ecurity
Transactions
Con#iguration !anagement
'eb ser+ices pros J cons
08/9
08/9 is a protocol #or communicationg %ith a B..& ser+ice. 08/9 simpli#ies
B..& access by allo%ing applications to in+o$e ob:ect methods or #unctions residing on
remote ser+ers. The ad+antage o# 08/9 is that it can use uni+ersal ;TT9 to ma$e a
re2uest and to rece+e a response. 08/9 re2uests and responses use !" not only to target
the remote method but to ]ac$age any data that re2uired by the method.
2. E1plain about eb!"U
eb!"
Electronic Business !" represents a global initiati+e to de#ine processes around
%hich business can interact o+er the 'eb. &t is the technology aimed at bringing the
bene#its o# B2B data e1change to global audience o# small,medium, and large businesses.
The broad e##ort o# eb!" includes multiple speci#ications that de#ine standard %ays o#
e1changing business messages,conducting trading relationships,communicationg data in
common terms, and de#ining and registering business processes.
The $ey players behind eb!"
BN&CE</CT
8/0&0
0upporters o# eb!"
LosettaNet
E.&
4lobal Commerce &nitiati+e
8pen /pplicaton 4roup &nc
8ther industry groups
eb!" Technologies
ElectronicBusiness !" is based on a set o# building bloc$s that ma$es use o#
e1isting standards %here+er possible.
The technical architecture consists o# se+eral pieces3
!essaging
Business process
Trading partner pro#iles and agreements
Legistries and Lepositories
Core Components
eb!" Terminology
Legistry
Business 9rocesses
Collabration 9rotocol pro#ile(C99)
Business 0er+ice &nter#ace
Business !essages
Core "ibrary
Collaboration 9rotocol /greement(C9/)
08/9
3.E1plain about 0oap,'eb0er+ices and E-CommerceU
0oap pro+ide loosely coupled message based architecture #or per#orming
interaction. ;o%e+er to use the loosely coupled %eb space #or commercial ser+er based
interaction. &t is +ery necessary to add transactional capability. To add transactional
capability middle%are are depended %hich has it roots in tightly coupled ob:ect system.
TL/N0/CT&8N
/ transaction is a set o# so#t%are operations. / transaction should satis#y the #ollo%ing
properties called /C&. properties.
1./tomicity- Either all o# the operations should be per#ormer or none o# them may be
per#ormed.
2.Consistency- Le#er to data consistency.
3.&solation - 8nly one transaction can manipulate data at a particular time.
7..urability - &t means that update made by a committed transaction persist in the
database regardless o# #ailure that occur alter the commit transaction.
0ECBL&T?
The secured soc$et layer and transport layer security protocol and doing %ell #or %eb
based E-Commerce.
0oap and 'eb ser+ice protocol
.oesn-t address security issue. 0oap speciali(ed security implementation #or transaction
ml on .NET and A2EE.
&.ENT&T?
'eb based net%or$ need a %ay to authenticate and +alidity user. To do this system
+alidate user based on permission stored in database.
9/0098LT
9assport !icroso#t authentication ser+ice that allo% user that as the %ebsite and
ser+ices. The passport can be integrated in !icroso#t hotmail E-mail ser+ice and entry #or
!icroso#t .NET ser+ices.
The "iberty /lliance 9ro:ect3
&t is a alternati+e to passport. &t is used to create uni+ersal digital identity ser+ice based on
open ser+ice.
7. E1plain about .NETU
.NET is a !icroso#t #rame%or$.
!icroso#t-s .NET is an umbrella term that describes !icroso#t-s strategy #or deli+ering
so#t%are as ser+ices across the %eb.
.NET is an initiati+e represents a de+elopment #rame%or$ that integrates earlier
!icroso#t technologies %ith ne%er technologies built around !".
.NET allo%s de+elopers to build a ser+ice-oriented consciousness into so#t%are up #ront
rather than as an a#terthought.
The .NET architecture includes se+eral technology components3
1. .e+elopment tools.
2. 0peciali(ed ser+ers.
3. 'eb ser+ices.
7. .e+ices.
The .Net plat#orm consists o# #i+e main components3
1. 8perating system layer.
2. .NET building bloc$ ser+ices.
3. .NET #rame%or$.
7. .NET ser+ers
F. Cisual 0tudio .NET.
/ Common "anguage Luntime supports di##erent languages #or .NET
de+elopment.
The .NET #rame%or$ is architected around a uni#ied hub and spo$e programming
model designed to ma$e di##erent languages interchangeable.
The .NET approach to so#t%are integration is based on a hub and spo$e con#iguration
%here a +ariety o# languages are translated into a C"L.
C8B8" can be used to de+elop .NET applications
UnitG >
1.E1plain brie#ly about the securityU
Three 0ecurity re2uirements
DCon#identialityR@Ensuring that in#ormations not made a+ailable
to unauthori(ed indi+iduals.
D/uthenticationR@/bility to determine that the
message really comes #rom the listed sender.
D.ata integrityR@Ensuring that %hen in#ormation arri+es at its
destination.
Enoding and decoding methods
D0ingle-$ey cryptography
R@Both the sender and recei+er should $no% the secret $ey.
R@Each $ey is replaced
eg3 a %ith b, b %ith c. so on
.isad+antage3
R@decoding $ey must be communicated #rom
sender to re+cei+er.
R@&t does not scale to the %eb.
D9ublic $ey cryptography
R@Based on complementory public and pri+ate $eys.
R@No need to e1change a secret $ey.
R@use mathematical #ormula to generate $ey.
Con#identialityR@Encryption %ith public $ey ensures it.
/uthenticationR@ Encryption %ith pri+ate $ey ensures it.
.ata &ntegrityR@Ensures that the message recei+ed is the messane sent
.igital integrity3
R@&t is li$e %riting your name across the #ace o# a document.
R@&t guarantees document authenticity.
!anaging certi#icates and pri+ate $eysS
R@Lepresent trusted entites in %ebsecurity.
R@limited li#espans #or allo% changes in circumstance.
2.E1plain brie#ly about i) !" 0ecurity <rame%or$
ii)K!0
!" 0ECBL&T? <L/!E '8LK
'3c is dri+ing three 1ml security technologies3
-!" .igital 0ignature
-!" Encryption
-!" Key !anagement 0er+ices
K!0
- K!0 is a %3c initiati+e
- targets delegation o# trusts processing decisions to one or more speciali(ed trust
processors
- it is one o# the three %3c speci#ication that de#ine the 1ml security architecture
!0 0TLBCTBLE
- speci#ies protocol #or distributing and registering public $eys
- suitable #or use in con:unction %ithproposed standard
- K!0 has t%o parts
- 1.the 1ml $ey in#ormation ser+ice speci#ication(-K&00)
- 2.1ml $ey registration ser+ice speci#icayion(-KL00)
-K&00
- de#ines a protocol #or a trust ser+ice
- basic ob:ecti+e is to minimi(e the comple1ity o# applicatrion implementation
- the 1ml signature speci#ication does not mandate use o# a particular trust policy
-KL00
-de#ines aprotocol #or a %eb ser+ice that accepts registration o# public $ey
-a client ser+ice may re2uest that reregistration ser+ice bind in#ormation to public $ey
-the protocol pro+ides #or the authentication
3.E1plain brie#ly about i) !" .igital 0ignature
ii) 4uidelines #or signing !" documents
!" .igital 0ignature
The !" digital signature speci#ication de#ines boyh the synta1 and rules #or
processing !" digital signature.signatures pro+ide integrity,message authentication and
signer authentication ser+ices #or data.
.igital signature Elements
The elements are
0igned&n#o-in#ormation that is actually signed
Canonicali(ation!ethod-indicates algorithm used to canonicali(e the signed element
0ignature!ethod-speci#ies algorithm used to con+ert the canonicali(ed signed&n#o into
signature +alue
Le#erence-includes the method to compute the digital hash and the resulting digest
+alue
Key&n#o-indicates the $ey used to +alidate signature.
Trans#orms-list o# processing steps applied to resources content be#ore digest is
computed
.igestmethod-speci#ies algorithm applied to data a#ter Trans#orms is applied.
.igestCalue-holds +alue computed on the data being signed
0teps in signature generation
1. create a 0igned&n#o element %ith signature!ethod,Canonicali(ation!ethod,and
Le#erences
2. canonicali(e the !" document
3. calculate the 0ignatureCalue based on algorithms speci#ied in
0igned&n#o.
7. construct the signature elements that includes signed&n#o,Key&n#o and
0ignatureCalue.
4uidelines #or 0igning !" .ocuments
_ !" relies on substitution and trans#ormation
_ Content o# e1ternal stylesheet should be signed i# its re#erred
_ The in#ormation that %as presented must be signed
_ Trans#ormations may alter content ,so the trans#ormed data should be signed
_ The security o# o+erall system depends on the security and integraty o# procedures and
personel as %ell as %ell as procedural en#orcement
7.E1plain brie#ly about i) canonicali(ation
ii)!" Encryption
C/N8N&C/"&_/T&8N3
!" canonicali(ation is the use o# an algorithm to generate the canonical #orm
8# an !" document. !" is sub:ect to sur#ace representation changes or to processing
that discards some in#ormation.
The steps during the creation o# a core canonical #orm include
Encoding the document in the Bni+ersal Character 0et BT<Z*
Normali(ing line brea$s be#ore parsing
Leplacing character and parsed entity Le#erences
Con+erting Empty Element to start-end tag pairs
0teps in canonical #orm3
_ encoding the document in the uni+ersal character set BT<-*
_ normali(ing line brea$s be#ore parsing
_ normali(ing attribute +alues
_ replacing characters and parsed entity re#erences
_ replacing C./T/ sections%ith their character content
_ remo+ing type declaration and document type declaration
_ con+erting empty elements to start end tags
_ normali(ing %hite spaces
_ setting attribute +alue delimiters
_ replacing special characters in attribute +alues and character content
_ remo+ing super#luous namespace declarations #rom each element
_ adding de#ault attributes to each element
!" ENCL?9T&8N
-support encryption on all part o# the 1ml document
-allo% encryption any o# the #ollo%ing
D the entire 1ml document
D an element and all its subelement
D content o# an 1ml element
D re#erance to a resource outside the document
/dditional in#ormation is pro+ided since !" Encryption is not loc$ed
-Encrypted content-in#ormation itsel# or re#erance to the location o# the data
-Keyin#ormation-in#ormation or re#erance to in#ormation
0teps in 1ml encryption
1.select the 1ml to be encrypted
2.Con+ert to canonical #orm i# using entities or namepaces
3.encrypting the resulting canonical #orm using public $ey encryption
7.sending the encrypted 1ml to the intended recipient
Encrypting 1ml data
-1.1ml subelement and content Encryption
-2.partial 1ml element encryption
-3.encrypting ml element content only
F. E1plain the applications o# !" as occuring in three %a+esU
_ 'a+e 8ne3 Certical &ndustry .ata .escriptions
<inance3 8<
-8< uses !" to bridge the gap bet%een bro$erage
databases and personal so#t%are
-The #ocus o# ;L-!" +ocabulary has been on data
e1change, not on data storage.
;uman Lesources and ;L-!"
- ;L-!" de#ines a common +ocabulary #or storing human resources data.
- !"-;L speci#ically targets !" #or data storage, not B2B transactional data.
- uses elements #or data and attributes #or meta data
!ortgage Ban$ing3 !&0!8
- !&0!8-s !" de#initions #ocus on data trans#er.
Trac$ing !" 0tandards
- 8/0&0 is an organi(ation that trac$s and promotes !" standards.
- 8/0&0-s technical %or$ #alls into one o# the #ollo%ing categories3
1. Certical industry applications
2. ;ori(ontal and e-business #rame%or$
3. &nteroperability
7. Con#ormance Testing
'a+e T%o3 Con#iguration and /ction
EAB and !"
- EAB uses !" #or so#t%are con#iguration.
- The !"-based deployment descriptor contains t%o $inds o# in#ormation3
1. EAB structural in#ormation
2. /pplication assembly in#ormation
0C4
- 0C4 de#ines an !" grammar #or creating +ector-based 2. graphics #or the
%eb and other applications.
- /d+antages o+er 4&< and A9E43
1. Leadability
2. 0calability
3. /bility to (oom
7. 0earchable and selectable te1t
F. 0cripting and animation
- 0o#t%are pac$ages that can be used to display 0C4 image3
1. /dobe 0C4 Cie%er
2. /pche Bati$ 0C4 bro%ser
3. C0&L8 9oc$et 0C4 +ie%er
Coice !"
- The Coice !" standard pro+ides a plat#orm #or +oice applications
- Coice !" documents describe con+ersations
- Coice !" supports #orms and menus.
D <orms pro+ide +oice control #or
completing the e2ui+alent %eb #orm
D !enus present users %ith a choice o# options and ha+e the ability
to trans#er control to other menu dialogs based on user
response
0!&"
-0!&" uses !" to build multimedia presentations
_ /d+antages3
-<aster and easier de+elopment
-'eb standard support in &E F.F Leal9layer,'indo%s !edia
9layer and /dobe-s 0C4 plug-in
- No re2uirement that users enable Aa+a 0cript in their bro%sers
_ 0!&" elements3
-0!&" includes elements that describe not only ho% to dra%
graphics but also ho% to coordinate them o+er time
_ 0!&" !odulari(ation3
-0!&" modules address the problem o# integration
_ 'a+e Three3 9o%er through combination
The British 4o+ernment 4o+Tal$ &nitiati+e
-4o+Tal$ use !" as the basis #or e1changing in#ormation among go+ernment systems.
-Three important policy decisions3
_ &nternet /lignment
_ !"
_ 'eb bro%ser as 4B&