United S ta tes Pa tent [ 1 9 1

S o r s
o
US 00544721 1 A
[ 1 1 ] Pa tent Number :
[ 45] Da te o f Pa tent:
5, 447, 21 1
S ep . 5, 1 9 9 5
[ 54] PNEUMATIC ELEVATOR BY DEPRES S URE
[ 76 ] Inv ento r : Ca r l o s A. S o r s , Av . Pedr o Z a uni
1 507 Pa r a na Pc ia . , de Entr e Rio s ,
Ar g entina
[ 21 ] Ap p l . No . : 9 9 0, 1 24
[ 22] F il ed: Dec . 1 4, 1 9 9 2
[ 3 0] F o r eig n Ap p l ic a tio n Pr io r ity Da ta
J a n. 8 , 1 9 9 2 [ AR] Ar g entina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 21 . 6 03
No v . 20, 1 9 9 2 [ AR] Ar g entina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 23 . 709
[ 51 ] 1 1 1 1 . C1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 6 B 1 /04
[ 52] US . Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7/277; 1 8 7/41 4;
1 8 7/28 5; 1 8 7/28 8 ; 1 8 2/48 ; 472/1 3 1
[ 58 ] F iel d o f S ea r c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7/1 R, 1 1 0, 1 1 2, 1 7,
1 8 7/41 4, 277, 28 5, 28 8 , 273 ; 1 8 2/48 , 49 ;
472/1 3 1
[ 56 ] Ref er enc es Cited
U. S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
3 , 06 6 , 76 1 1 2/1 9 6 2 Behr ens et a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 7/1 R
3 , 3 1 8 , 41 8 5/1 9 6 7 K il p a tr ic k J r .
3 , 9 49 , 9 53 4/1 9 76 Ho p k ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 406 /1 8 5
MIIIIIIIIIIIIII
; =
g r
4, 023 , 500 5/1 9 77 Dig g s 1 04/1 3 8 R
4, 545, 574 1 0/1 9 8 5 S a s s a k 272/6
4, 9 48 , 3 03 8 / 1 9 9 0 Go o d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 /1 8 6
4, 9 8 6 , 041 1 / 1 9 9 1 Pr ewer et a 1 . . . . . . . . . 52/79 5
4, 9 9 7, 06 0 3 /1 9 9 1 S a s s a k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 2/48
Pr ima r y Ex a miner - S tev en L. S tep ha n
As s is ta nt Ex a miner - Ro ber t Na p p i
Atto r ney , Ag ent, o r F ir m K uhn a nd Mul l er
[ 57] ABS TRACT
Pneuma tic v a c uum l if t el ev a to r , in whic h the v er tic a l
s ha f t is a tube with s mo o th inter io r s ur f a c e, p r ef er a bl y
c y l indr ic a l , with s tr a ig ht a x l e, a nd the tr a ns p o r t c a b o r
v ehic l e mo v ing ins ide s uc h tube is a p is to n with v er tic a l
mo v ement, with minimum p l a y ins ide the tube,
eq uip p ed with a ir s uc tio n dev ic es a t the up p er end o f
the tube, c a p a bl e o f c a us ing a s uf ? c ient p r es s ur e dif f er
entia l to dis p l a c e s uc h p is to n in c o ntr o l l ed a s c ending
a nd des c ending mo v ement; c o mp l eted with a n a ir entr y
o r inta k e in the l o wer end o f the tube, a nd the a c c es s
do o r s with whic h the tube is eq uip p ed, a nd whic h a r e
her metic a l l y c l o s ed o n the v a r io us s to p p ing l ev el s .
4 Cl a ims , 2 Dr a wing S heets
US . Pa tent S ep . s , 1 9 9 5 S heet 1 o f 2 5, 447, 21 1
W W II/[ [ 1 1 ] , ] ,
S ep . 5, 1 9 9 5 S heet 2 o f 2 5, 447, 21 1
US . Pa tent
5, 447, 21 1
1
PNEUMATIC ELEVATOR BY DEPRES S URE
GENERAL- PREVIOUS ART
The ma in o bj ec t o f this inv entio n p a tent is a n el ev a
to r , ho is ting p er s o ns , a nima l s o r thing s , with the ma in
ba s ic no v el ty tha t it f unc tio ns p neuma tic a l l y by v a c uum
l if t, a nd c o ns eq uentl y k no wn to da te.
Mo r e s p ec i? c a l l y , this inv entio n p a tent c o v er s a n
el ev a to r o f the s p ec i? ed ty p e, p er ta ining to the c a teg o r y
o f tho s e ma de up o f a c o mbina tio n o f v er tic a l s ha f t a nd
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mo v ing tr a ns p o r t v ehic l e l o c a ted ins ide the s ha f t, c o n- -
nec ted to dev ic es c a p a bl e o f c a us ing a s c ent a nd des c ent
between the up p er a nd l o wer ends , inc l uding the c o r r e
s p o nding do o r s a nd o p tio na l inter media r y s to p s , f o r
tr a ns f er between the v ehic l e a nd the v a r io us ? o o r s , the
who l e dev ic e being eq uip p ed with o p er a tio n a nd s a f ety
mea ns , a s wel l a s mea ns to k eep s uc h v ehic l e br a k ed
whil e s to p p ed a t the l ev el o f a n o p en do o r .
Va r io us c o ns tr uc tiv e a nd f unc tio na l v a r ia tio ns o f this
ty p e o f dev ic es a r e k no wn; no tewo r thy a mo ng them a r e
tho s e in whic h the v er tic a l mo v ement o f the c a b, o r
mo v ing v ehic l e, us es c a bl es whic h twis t a r o und a dr um
o r p ul l ey , o p er a ted by a mo to r , us ua l l y el ec tr ic a l ; a s
wel l a s tho s e emp l o y ed f o r the s a me p ur p o s e, us ing
v er tic a l r a c k s eng a g ing the teeth o f g ea r s o p er a ted by a
mo to r , g ener a l l y l o c a ted a bo v e o r bel o w the c a b, r e
q uir ing s ho r ter c a bl es s inc e, if c a bl es a r e us ed, they a r e
us ed o nl y f o r c o unter weig hts .
NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION
The a f o r ementio ned v er tic a l s ha f t c o ns is ts o f a tube,
p r ef er a bl y c y l indr ic a l , with s ubs ta ntia l l y s mo o th inter
na l s ur f a c e, whil e the tr a ns p o r ting v ehic l e c o ns is ts o f a
c a b whic h, ha v ing s imil a r s ha p e a nd being c o a x ia l to the
s ha f t, ha s a r o o f o r up p er p l a te c o nta ining a c o a x ia l
p is to n, c a p a bl e o f mo v ing with minimum f r ic tio n a nd
r educ ed r es is ta nc e to v er tic a l s l iding , whil e the a f o r e
mentio ned dev ic e c a p a bl e o f induc ing a s c ent a nd de
s c ent o f the c a b c o ns is ts o f mea ns f o r es ta bl is hing , c o n
tr o l l ing a nd r eg ul a ting a dif f er entia l between a tmo
s p her ic p r es s ur e a nd the l o wer p r es s ur e c r ea ted in the
s p a c e between the p is to n, the l a ter a l wa l l s o f the s ha f t
a nd its l o wes t end; ther ef o r e, the inter io r o f the c a b a nd
the p o r tio n o f the s ha f t l o c a ted under nea th the p is to n,
a r e a l s o a t a tmo s p her ic p r es s ur e.
This p r es s ur e dif f er entia l c o ns titutes the f unda menta l
ba s ic no v el ty o f this inv entio n, bec a us e it c a us es a s uc
tio n ef f ec t whic h tends to l if t the p is to n f r o m ins ide the
s ha f t. This ef f ec t is us ed by this inv entio n, whic h ha s a n
a ir a s p ir a tio n dev ic e c a p a bl e o f g ener a ting a p r es s ur e
l o wer tha n a tmo s p her ic p r es s ur e. On the o ther ha nd,
s uc h p r es s ur e dif f er entia l is c o ntr o l l ed by a n a ir inl et
s y s tem a t the her metic s p a c e o f the s ha f t a bo v e the
p is to n; s uc h s y s tem is c o ntr o l l ed by a v a l v e l o c a ted
a dj a c entl y to the a s p ir a tio n mo to r . This v a l v e is k ep t
c l o s ed by the a c tio n o f a n el ec tr o ma g net whic h c l o s es it
when the a s p ir a tio n mo to r is ex tr a c ting a ir to ma k e the
c a b a s c end. W hen o p en, it a l l o ws a ir entr y , s o tha t the
p r es s ur e dif f er entia l c a us es the c a b to des c end a t a s p eed
o f o ne meter p er s ec o nd, whic h is the no r m f o r el ev a
to r s . -
The s a me a s p ir a tio n c a n be o bta ined by numer o us
dif f er ent metho ds , r eg a r dl es s o f the p a r tic ul a r r es o ur c es
us ed, p r o v ided tha t, in the f r o nt p a r t o f the enc l o s ur e,
whic h is o f v a r ia bl e heig ht, a n a ir a s p ir a tio n dev ic e is
ins ta l l ed, p r o p er l y c o ntr o l l ed a nd c o mma nded, indis
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tinc tl y , bo th f r o m the inter io r o f the c a b a nd f r o m the
ex ter io r o f the s ha f t ins ide whic h the c a b mo v es .
Obv io us l y , in the up p er enc l o s ur e, whic h is o f v a r i
a bl e heig ht, minimum a ir - tig htnes s c o nditio ns mus t be
a s s ur ed, a t l ea s t p a r tia l l y ex tending to the do o r s p r o v id
ing a c c es s to the s ha f t a t the v a r io us s to p p ing l ev el s o f
the c a b.
To o bta in l o w p r es s ur e ins ide the v a r ia bl e heig ht
enc l o s ur e, it is c o nv enient to l o c a te the a ir a s p ir a tio n
dev ic e a t its up p er end. S uc h a s p ir a tio n dev ic e ma y be
a s imp l e tur bine, a v a c uum mo to r o r s uc tio n dev ic e, a
mec ha nic a l a s p ir a to r o r s imil a r dev ic e tha t ma y be indi
v idua l l y k no wn, s o tha t s uc h dev ic e, a l tho ug h it is indis
p ens a bl e f o r o p er a tio n, do es no t a f f ec t the no v el ty o f
this inv entio n p a tent; ev en mo r e s o , if we ta k e into
c o ns ider a tio n the f a c t tha t the s a me p ur p o s e ma y be
s er v ed by us ing a tube with a r ig id o r f l ex ibl e end, c o n
nec ted a t its o ther end to a ny a s p ir a to r with a p p r o p r ia te
p o wer , ins ta l l ed a t the mo s t c o nv enient l o c a tio n. The
ba s ic c o nditio n is the p r es enc e o f a n a ir a s p ir a tio n l o c a
tio n.
Co nc er ning the mea ns f o r k eep ing the c a b br a k ed a t
v a r io us l ev el s o n its r ide, the c o nv entio na l s o l utio ns
emp l o y ed in o ther k no wn el ev a to r s ma y be us ed, a s
wel l a s o ther s , us ing the p r es s ur e dif f er entia l . The s a me
is tr ue c o nc er ning the c o mma nd, c a l l , s to p p ing a nd
s p eed s etting mea ns .
It ma y be c o nc l uded f r o m the a bo v e tha t the p neu
ma tic el ev a to r ma de up s o l el y o f a v er tic a l s ha f t, a mo v
ing v ehic l e ins ide the s ha f t, a n el ement f o r a ir a s p ir a tio n
f r o m a bo v e a nd c o mma nd mea ns , is ex tr emel y s imp l e
a nd el imina tes the need f o r tr a c tio n c a bl es , p ul l ey s ,
c o unter weig hts , g ea r s , r a c k s , etc . , whic h r eq uir e s ig nif i
c a nt, p er ma nent, c o s tl y ma intena nc e; a t the s a me time,
the r es p ec tiv e c o ns tr uc tio n c a n be ma de with v er y
l ig ht, ec o no mic ma ter ia l s , q uite ea s y to p ur c ha s e, tr a ns
p o r t a nd a s s embl e.
it is no tewo r thy tha t the ma in o bj ec t o f this inv entio n
c o ns is ts o f a p neuma tic el ev a to r o p er a ted by v a c uum
l if t, o f the ty p e ma de up o f a v er tic a l s ha f t o r p a s s a g e,
ins ide whic h ther e is a tr a ns p o r t c a b, ins ta l l ed s o tha t it
ma y mo v e, l ink ed to mea ns c a p a bl e o f c a us ing a s c ent
a nd des c ent f o r the tr a ns p o r t o f p er s o ns o r f r eig ht be
tween ? o o r s a t v a r io us l ev el s , in whic h the s ha f t ha s its
r es p ec tiv e a c c es s do o r s ; wher eby the s ha f t is ma de o f a
tube with s mo o th inter io r a nd s tr a ig ht a x l e, whil e the
tr a ns p o r t c a b is c o a x ia l with the f o r mer , l ea v ing a na r
r o w f r ee s p a c e between the two whic h, a t c a b r o o f
l ev el , c l o s es by mea ns o f a s l iding , a ir tig ht mec ha nis m
s ur r o unding the c a b, f o r ming a p is to n in f r ic tio n c o nta c t
with the inter na l s ur f a c e o f the s ha f t a nd s ubmitted to
the a c tio n o f the dev ic e c a p a bl e o f c a us ing a s c ent a nd
des c ent, ma de up o f a n a ir a s p ir a to r l o c a ted a t the up p er
end o f the v er tic a l s ha f t a nd a n a tmo s p her ic a ir inta k e
l o c a ted a t the l o wer end o f the s ha f t.
As ? r s t o p tio n, it is c o ns ider ed tha t the s tr a ig ht- a x l e
s ha f t a nd the c o a x ia l c a b a r e c y l indr ic a l , with c ir c ul a r
c r o s s s ec tio n.
On the o ther ha nd, the v er tic a l s ha f t c a n be eq uip p ed
with her metic c l o s ing dev ic es , a l o ng the f r a me o f ea c h
do o r , c r ea ting a ir - tig ht wedg es a t the c o r r es p o nding
p er imeter f r a mes .
Eq ua l l y , it is p l a nned to eq uip the c a p with dir ec t a ir
o p ening s c o mmunic a ting with the inter io r o f the s ha f t,
l o c a ted under the p er imeter r o o f l ev el tr im.
In o r der to ho l d the c a b dur ing s to p s , it is c o nv enient
to eq uip it with mec ha nic a l l o c k dev ic es , a t the v a r io us
inter media r y s to p l ev el s , ins er ted in the r es p ec tiv e s up
5, 447, 2l l
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p o r t c a v ities , l o c a ted a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther in the
v er tic a l c y l indr ic a l s ha f t, c a p a bl e o f temp o r a r il y ma in
ta ining the c a b in p l a c e.
Ea c h l o c k ing dev ic e c o ns is ts o f a n o f f s et bea m a nd
c o unter weig ht with o ne end j utting o ut a c r o s s the wa l l
o f the c a b, s q ua r ed with a n ex tens io n a bl e to p enetr a te
a c o r r es p o nding s up p o r t c a v ity l o c a ted in the c y l indr i
c a l tube; s uc h bea m is o p er a ted by a n el ec tr o ma g net
c o nnec ted to the el ec tr ic c o mma nd s y s tem o f the a s p ir a
tio n mo to r .
In a dditio n, the c a b ha s br a k ing dev ic es l imiting de
s c ent s p eed. S uc h br a k ing dev ic es c o ns is t o f s ho es ,
l o c a ted a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther , whic h c a n be mo v ed
to wa r ds the inter na l s ur f a c e o f the v er tic a l s ha f t, by
a c tio n o f a dia p hr a g m l o c a ted in the r o o f o f the c a b,
o p er a ted by the p r es s ur e dif f er entia l o f the a ir c o nta ined
in the c a b a nd the up p er l o c a ted between the r o o f o f the
c a b, the inter io r o f the s ha f t a nd its up p er end.
In a dditio n, the ex p er imenta l tes ts c o nduc ted ha v e
demo ns tr a ted tha t ener g y c o ns ump tio n f o r o p er a tio n is
muc h l o wer tha n tha t r eq uir ed f o r a l l o ther ty p es o f
el ev a to r s k no wn to da te.
S HORT DES CRIPTION OF THE DRAW INGS
To il l us tr a te the s umma r il y ex p l a ined a dv a nta g es o f
the inv ented el ev a to r , to whic h us er s a nd s p ec ia l is ts
ma y a dd ma y o ther s , a nd to f a c il ita te under s ta nding o f
its c o ns tr uc tiv e, c o ns titutiv e a nd f unc tio na l c ha r a c ter is
tic s , bel o w is a des c r ip tio n o f a p r ef er r ed ex a mp l e o f
r ea l iz a tio n, s c hema tic a l l y il l us tr a ted in the enc l o s ed
? g ur es , witho ut a deter mined s c a l e, with the ex p r es s
c l a r i? c a tio n tha t, p r ec is el y s inc e this is a n ex a mp l e, it
s ho ul d no t be a ttr ibuted l imita tiv e, ex c l us iv e o r c o ndi
tio ning c ha r a c ter f o r the p r o tec tio n s c o p e o f this inv en
tio n p a tent; its p ur p o s e is mer el y ex p l a na to r y o r il l us tr a
tiv e f o r the ba s ic des ig n o n whic h the inv entio n is ba s ed.
F IG. 1 is a p er s p ec tiv e s k etc h o f a p neuma tic el ev a to r
o p er a ted by v a c uum l if t, a c c o r ding to this inv entio n,
c o nnec ting a g r o und ? o o r with thr ee s to r ies .
F IG. 2 is a p er s p ec tiv e p o r tio n, a t l a r g er s c a l e, o f the
tubul a r s ha f t o f the el ev a to r a p p ea r ing in the p r ec eding
? g ur e.
F IG. 3 is a p er s p ec tiv e v iew o f the mo v a bl e c a b o r
f r eig ht v ehic l e whic h a s c ends a nd des c ends v er tic a l l y
ins ide the ex ter na l s ha f t.
F IG. 4 is a s k etc h, a t enl a r g ed s c a l e, o f the v er tic a l
c o nnec tio n between the s ec tio ns ma k ing up the ex ter na l
s ha f t.
F IG. 5 is a s imil a r s k etc h o f the ho r iz o nta l c o nnec tio n
between s uc c es s iv e s up er p o s ed s ec tio ns o f the s ha f t.
F IG. 6 is a c r o s s s ec tio n o f the up p er p a r t o f the c a b,
wher e o nl y the l o c k ing dev ic es ther eo f a r e indic a ted
when the c a b is s to p p ed o n a ? o o r , wher eby o ther de
v ic es wer e el imina ted in o r der to ma k e the dr a wing
c l ea r er .
F IG. 7 is a r ep etitio n o f the p r io r ? g ur e, wher e the
a f o r ementio ned dev ic es a r e s ho wn in unl o c k ed p o s itio n.
F IG. 8 is a no ther s ec tio n o f the up p er p a r t o f the c a b,
inc l uding o nl y the br a k ing dev ic es with the c a b in f r ee
mo v ement.
F IG. 9 is a r ep etitio n o f the p r io r ? g ur e, wher e the
a f o r ementio ned dev ic es a r e in br a k ing p o s itio n.
In a l l the ? g ur es , the s a me r ef er enc e number s a r e
ma tc hed by the s a me o r eq uiv a l ent p a r ts o r el ements o f
the p r o to ty p e s el ec ted a s ex a mp l e f o r the p r es ent ex p l a
na tio n o f the p neuma tic el ev a to r inv ented.
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DETAILED DES CRIPTION OF THE
EXPLANATORY REALIZ ATION EXAMPLE
As c a n be s een in F IG. 1 , the p neuma tic el ev a to r
o p er a ted by v a c uum l if t il l us tr a ted ther ein inc l udes , in
the ? r s t p l a c e, a n ex ter io r tube - 1 - o r s ha f t whic h, in this
c a s e, is c y l indr ic a l with r o und ba s e, c o nta ining a mo bil e
c a b - 2- , a l s o c y l indr ic a l , with a s l ig htl y s ma l l er dia me
ter , to be a bl e to mo v e v er tic a l l y in the inter io r o f the
s ha f t. Thes e s ha p es c a n ha v e o ther c r o s s s ec tio ns , i. e.
r ec ta ng ul a r , el l ip s o ida l , etc . ; the ma ter ia l ma y a l s o be o f
a ny ty p e, the c o nv enient ma ter ia l s being mo der n p l a s
tic s , s uc h a s ? ber g l a s s - r einf o r c ed ep o x y r es in, the s a me
a s s teel p l a tes ins ta l l ed in the wa l l s o f the tube a nd c a b.
This tube - 1 - is ma de up o f s ev er a l c o a x ia l mo dul es ,
p r ef er a bl y up to 3 , 000 mil l imeter s l o ng , a c c o r ding to
needs . Ea c h o f thes e c y l indr ic a l mo dul es is c o nnec ted
to the c o ntig uo us o nes by bo l ts , s ho wn in deta il in
F IGS . 2, 4 a nd 5, c o mp l emented with a s ea l ed j o int
ma de o f s il ic o ne r ubber .
In a dditio n, in this ex a mp l e a s wel l , ea c h c y l indr ic a l
mo dul e o r s ec tio n is ma de o f f o ur s ec tio ns whic h a r e
mo r e c l ea r l y s een in F IG. 2, o r c ir c ul a r s ec tio ns with
the s a me dia meter , a l s o c o nnec ted with bo l ts a nd s ea l ed
j o ints .
F IG. 2 s ho ws tha t, a t ea c h ? o o r l ev el - 3 - ther e is a
s ubs ta ntia l l y her metic do o r - 4- , p r ef er a bl y with wedg e
s ha p ed f r a mes to a s s ur e a ir tig ht c l o s ing p r ev enting a ir
p enetr a tio n ins ide the tube, g ener a l l y a t l o w p r es s ur e, a s
ex p l a ined bel o w, a nd whic h ma y be c o mp l emented
with r ubber o r s imil a r tr imming .
The a f o r ementio ned do o r s a r e hing ed o n o ne o f their
s ides a nd eq uip p ed with do o r k no b - 5- a nd a p eep ho l e
- 6 - to f a c il ita te o bs er v a tio n f r o m the inter io r o f the tube
o r s ha f t.
In the up p er end o f this s ha f t ther e is a n a s p ir a tio n
el ement - 7- whic h, a s a l r ea dy s a id, c a n be a n el ec tr ic
tur bine f ed by a c o nduc to r c a bl e, no t il l us tr a ted, with a n
o utl et - 8 - f o r the a ir it a bs o r bs f r o m the inter io r o f the
s p a c e f o r med ins ide the s ha f t a nd a bo v e the r o o f - 9 - o f
the c a b - 2.
The a f o r ementio ned a s p ir a tio n mo to r a s s embl y is
l o c a ted a bo v e the up p er p l a te - 1 0- o f the s ha f t, in whic h
ther e is a r eg ul a ting v a l v e - 1 1 - a l l o wing to c o ntr o l a ir
in? o w to the a f o r ementio ned s p a c e, r eg a r dl es s o f the
s uc tio n p er f o r med by the tur bine.
Obs er v ing F IG. 2, we c a n s ee the f o ur v er tic a l s ec
tio ns with s emi- c ir c ul a r c r o s s s ec tio n, indic a ted by r ef
er enc es - 1 2- 1 3 - , - 1 4- a nd - 1 5- , whic h f o r m a v er tic a l
mo dul e, p a r tia l l y a l ig ned with o ther s imil a r o nes . The
r es p ec tiv e c o nnec tio ns between s uc c es s iv e s ec tio ns a nd
s uc c es s iv e mo dul es , bes ides being s ea l ed with her metic
j o ints , a r e a dj us ted by p ins o r bo l ts , s uc h a s tho s e s c he
ma tic a l l y indic a ted, with r ef er enc es - 1 6 - a nd - 1 7- , in
F IGS . 4 a nd 5, wher e the p o r tio n o f the mo dul e l o c a ted
o v er p o r tio n - 1 4 o f the mo dul e immedia tel y bel o w it is
ma r k ed - 1 4 - .
F IG. 2 a l s o il l us tr a tes the ins ta l l a tio n o f a do o r - 4
with its do o r k no b - 5- , the p eep ho l e - 6 ~ a nd the hing es
- 20- , a s wel l a s a v er tic a l inter na l g uide - 1 8 - ex tending
a l l a l o ng the s ha f t to p r ev ent the c a b f r o m g y r a ting ,
eq uip p ed with a U- s ha p ed s k id - 1 9 - o n its ex ter na l
s ur f a c e.
In tur n, s inc e the f o ur s ides o f the do o r - 4 a r e wedg e
s ha p ed, the inter na l s uc tio n l if t in the a f o r ementio ned
up p er s p a c e c r ea tes a p r es s ur e dif f er entia l with the
s ur r o unding o r ex ter na l a tmo s p her e, p r o duc ing her
5, 447, 21 l
5
metic c l o s ur e indis p ens a bl e f o r the g o o d o p er a tio n o f
the who l e.
The c a b - 2- , il l us tr a ted in deta il in F IG. 3 , a l s o ha s
c ir c ul a r s ec tio n in this c a s e, with c y l indr ic a l c ir c umf er
enc e wa l l , with a n o uts ide dia meter o f 1 226 mil l imeter s ,
whil e the inter na l dia meter o f the tube - 1 - is 1 23 4 mil l i
meter s . This dia meter dif f er enc e o f the c a b l ea v es r o o m
f o r a p er imeter s ea l - 21 - , 220 mil l imeter s hig h a nd 5
mil l imeter s thic k , s ur r o unding the up p er p a r t o f the c a b,
whic h is the p a r t l o c a ted a bo v e the do o r - 20- o f the c a b,
in this c a s e a s l iding p a nel .
If , in the up p er a s p ir a tio n mo to r - 7- a n ef f o r t is a p '
p l ied c r ea ting a v a c uum l if t o n the o r der o f 3 00 mil l ime
ter s wa ter c o l umn whic h, in a tube with l - mm s ec tio n,
is eq uiv a l ent to 3 0 g r a ms /c m2, r ep ea ted a t the s a me
v a l ue o n the entir e ho r iz o nta l s ur f a c e o f the p is to n o r
c a b r o o f , whic h in this c a s e ha s 1 23 4 mil l imeter s dia me
ter , the to ta l a s c ending f o r c e wil l be c l o s e to 3 58 k g ; this
f o r c e is s uf ? c ient to ma k e the c a b a s c end with a l l its
o wn weig ht p l us the weig ht o f thr ee p er s o ns , o r mo r e,
dep ending o n the ma ter ia l o f whic h the c a b is ma de. If
l a r g er weig hts need to be ho is ted, the s uc tio n l if t ma y
inc r ea s e s ig ni? c a ntl y , s inc e this v a l ue ( 3 00 mm wa ter
c o l umn) is a p p r o x ima tel y l /3 O o f the no r ma l a tmo
s p her ic p r es s ur e.
The a f o r ementio ned p er imeter s ea l - 21 - is ma de up o f
a tex til e c a r p et o f s y nthetic ma ter ia l s imil a r to ? o o r
c a r p ets , whic h is p a r tia l l y c o mp r es s ed between the
inter na l s ur f a c e o f the tube - 1 - a nd the ex ter na l s ur f a c e
o f the c a b o r p is to n, c r ea ting her metic s c a l ing f o r the
p neuma tic ef f ec t a r is ing f r o m the p r es s ur e dif f er en
tia l s /l ine mis s ing in o r ig ina l / . . . p er imeter s ea l - 21 - , the
p r es s ur e in the inter io r o f the tube is a tmo s p her ic , a l s o
ex tended to wa r ds the inter io r o f the c a b a nd under nea th
it. F o r this p ur p o s e, the c a b ha s o p ening s s uc h a s s ho wn
under - 24- , in its s l iding p a nel - 23 - .
The l o wer mo dul e o f the tube ha s a t l ea s t o ne o p ening
- 25- p r o v iding p er ma nent a ir inta k e under the c a b,
when the c a b is either a s c ending o r des c ending , a s il l us
tr a ted in F IG. 1 .
In the up p er p a r t o f the c a b - 2- a nd a bo v e its r o o f - 9 - ,
ther e is a c y l indr ic a l ex tens io n with its up p er p l a te o p en
a nd p a r tia l l y s ur r o unded by the a f o r ementio ned her
metic c a r p et tr imming - 21 - . In the p er ip her a l wa l l s o f
this ex tens io n ther e a r e dev ic es whic h ma inta in the c a b
in its s to p p ed p o s itio n o n the c o r r es p o nding f l o o r s a nd
a l s o s a f ety dev ic es a g a ins t p o s s ibl e unintentio na l de
s c ent. S uc h dev ic es c o ns is t o f the l o c k s - 26 - , whic h mus t
be two , a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther , a s il l us tr a ted in F IGS .
6 a nd 7, a nd a l s o , p a r tia l l y , in F IG. 3 , a nd the br a k e
s ho es - 27- , a l s o a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther a nd il l us tr a ted in
F IG. 3 a nd F IGS . 8 a nd 9 .
The l o c k s - 26 - whic h ma inta in the c a b s to p p ed, c o n
s is t o f o f f s et bea ms , a r tic ul a ted in - 28 - , whic h p r o tr ude
with s ho r t a r ms a bl e to p enetr a te a nd ? t the r es p ec tiv e
ho l l o w s up p o r ts - 29 , l o c a ted a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther ,
ins ta l l ed in the thic k nes s o f the ex ter na l tube. Ea c h
bea m is s o l id with a c o unter weig ht - 3 0- a nd l ea n o n
s q ua r ed l ev er s - 3 1 - , o p er a ted by c entr a l el ec tr o ma g nets
- 3 2- . S uc h el ec tr o ma g nets a r e a bl e to l if t the c o unter
weig hts - 3 0- a nd r el ea s e the l o c k s - 26 - f r o m the c a v ities _
- 29 - , s o tha t the c a b ma y mo v e f r eel y .
One o f the ho l l o w s up p o r ts - 29 - is p o s itio ned v er ti
c a l l y , a c r o s s f r o m the o p ening end o f the ex ter io r do o r
4- , whic h ha s , a s il l us tr a ted in F IG. 2, a n o r i? c e - 3 3 - in
its up p er f r a me s ide, into whic h a no n- il l us tr a ted bo l t
c a n p enetr a te; the l a tter des c ents under the a c tio n o f the
c o r r es p o nding bea m - 26 - , in o r der to ma inta in the do o r
20
25
45
50
55
6 0
6 5
6
c l o s ed whil e the bea m is in the p o s itio n in whic h it
r el ea s es a s c ent a nd des c ent. F IG. 6 s ho ws the do o r a j a r ,
with its o r i? c e - 3 3 - o uts ide the r ea c h o f the no n- il l us ~
tr a ted bo l t, when the bea m - 26 - is in l o o k ing p o s itio n. In
ex c ha ng e, F IG. 7 s ho ws the a f o r ementio ned o r i? c e ~ 3 3
in c o nditio n to a l l o w the entr y o f the a f o r ementio ned
bo l t, s inc e the bea m - 2_ 6 - is unl o c k ed a nd r ema ins
twis ted by the ef f ec t o f the c o unter weig ht - 3 0- .
The br a k e dev ic e ma de up o f the two s ho es - 27- is
l ink ed to the c o ntr o l dia p hr a g m 3 5- , p a r tia l l y v is ibl e in
F IG. 3 a nd il l us tr a ted in two o p er a ting p o s itio ns in
F IGS . 8 a nd 9 , na mel y f r ee mo v ement. a nd br a k ing ,
r es p ec tiv el y . In the ? r s t p o s itio n, the dia p hr a g m ex
p a nds , c a us ing the r etr a c tio n o f the s ho es - 27- a wa y
f r o m the l a ter a l wa l l s o f the ex ter na l tube. In ex c ha ng e,
when the dia p hr a g m c o ntr a c ts , the s ho es a r e p us hed
to wa r ds the l a ter a l wa l l s , c a us ing br a k ing .
The ? r s t p o s itio n o f the br a k e s ho es is when the p r es
s ur e dif f er entia l between the up p er s p a c e o f the tube
a nd the inter io r o f the c a b is ef f ec tiv e; whil e the s ec o nd
p o s itio n c o r r es p o nds to eq ua l p r es s ur e in the s p a c e a nd
the c a b.
F o r the ex p a ns io n a nd r etr a c tio n o f the dia p hr a g m
- 3 5- , the o r i? c es - 3 6 - a r e inc l uded; their inner p a r t c o m
munic a tes with the inter io r o f the c a b, a t a tmo s p her ic
p r es s ur e.
The c entr a l p a r t o f the dia p hr a g m is s o l id with a
v er tic a l l y mo v ing p a r t - 3 7- , c o nnec ted to two c o nnec t
ing r o ds - 3 8 - a nd - 3 9 - , r es p ec tiv el y o p er a ting l ev er s 40
a nd 41 - , whic h mo v e the s ho es - 27- thr o ug h the c o n
nec ting r o ds - 42- a nd 43 - into their o p er a ting p o s itio n
ex p l a ined a bo v e.
The br a k e s ho es - 27- a r e ma inta ined a wa y f r o m the
wa l l s o f the tube dur ing the des c ent o f the c a b, due to
the p r es s ur e dif f er entia l l imiting the c a b s des c ent s p eed,
whic h is c o ntr o l l ed by the in? o w o f a ir into the up p er
her metic s p a c e o f the a s s embl y a nd whic h, a s a l r ea dy
ex p l a ined, is r eg ul a ted by a v a l v e - 1 1 - l o c a ted in the
up p er p l a te - 1 0- o f the tube, nex t to the a s p ir a tio n mo to r
- 7- . The v a l v e r ema ins c l o s ed by the a c tio n o f a n el ec
tr o ma g net, no t il l us tr a ted, whic h c o mma nds it when the
a s p ir a tio n mo to r is p ur g ing a ir thr o ug h the o r i? c e - 8 - , in
o r der to mo v e the c a b. In o p en p o s itio n, it p r o v ides a n
a ir in? o w s o tha t the p r es s ur e dif f er entia l a l l o ws the
des c ending c a b to mo v e a t a s p eed o f o ne meter p er
s ec o nd; this being the us ua l s p eed o f tr a ditio na l el ev a
to r s , a s a l r ea dy ex p l a ined.
The el ec tr ic a l c o ntr o l ins ta l l a tio n o f the a s p ir a tio n
mo to r - 7- is ma de up o f c a l l ing butto ns - 41 ~ o n ea c h
? o o r a nd a butto n p a d - 42- ins ide the c a b, eq uip p ed with
a butto n f o r ea c h s to p o r ? o o r , a l l with their c o r r e
s p o nding c o nv entio na l c o nnec tio n c a bl es . F ur ther
mo r e, a c o nv entio na l emer g enc y s to p butto n 43 - is a l s o
f o und in the c a b.
Ca l l ing butto ns a r e inter c a l a ted in a s er ia l el ec tr ic a l
c ir c uit, with mic r o s witc hes a nd c o nnec to r s whic h,
l o c a ted in the a c c es s do o r s 4- a nd c a b - 2- , a r e c o n
nec ted o nl y when the do o r s a r e c l o s ed, thus p r ev enting
the a s p ir a tio n mo to r f r o m o p er a ting when a ny do o r is
o p en. W hen c o nnec ted, the a s p ir a tio n mo to r - 7- s ta y s
c o nnec ted, s inc e it is in p a r a l l el with the el ec tr o ma g net
whic h c l o s es the v a l v e l o c a ted under - 1 1 - o n the tube
p l a te, a l l o wing a ir in? o w f o r the des c ent o f the c a b.
This c ir c uit is c o mp l eted by a ? o o r s el ec to r s y s tem,
whic h do es no t a f f ec t the no v el ty o f the inv entio n, s inc e
it is k no wn, being s imil a r to tho s e us ed in tr a ditio na l
el ev a to r s ; it s to p s the a s p ir a tio n mo to r a nd o p er a tes the
l o o k s when the c a b a r r iv es a t the c o r r es p o nding ? o o r
5, 447, 21 l
7
s el ec ted with the c a l l ing butto n. The l o c k s - 26 - whic h
k eep the c a b s til l a r e mo v ed by their o wn weig ht when,
due to a n el ec tr ic f a il ur e, the el ec tr o ma g net o p er a ting
them s to p s f unc tio ning , thus a s s ur ing tha t the c a b wil l
s to p o n a ? o o r wher e the do o r ma y be o p en, s o tha t the
o c c up a nts ma y g et o ut, if needed.
OPERATION
The p neuma tic el ev a to r by v a c uum l if t, ex p l a ined f o r
the ex a mp l e a bo v e, o p er a tes in the f o l l o wing ma nner .
S up p o s ing tha t the c a b - 2- , il l us tr a ted in F IG. 1 , is
c l o s ed with the c o r r es p o nding do o r - 4 in the p o s itio n
s ho wn in F IG. 2, o p er a ting el ec tr ic a l c o nta c t is es ta b
l is hed f o r the up p er s uc tio n el ement - 7- , thus c r ea ting a
unif o r m v a c uum l if t whic h, a s indic a ted when ex p l a in
ing dimens io ns , ma y be in the r a ng e o f 3 00 k g . f o r a s
c ent, a nd ma y inc r ea s e when the v a c uum l if t is in
c r ea s ed, a s needed.
W hen the c a b a s c ends , the l o wer p a r t o f the tube - 1
is ? l l ed with a ir a t a tmo s p her ic p r es s ur e, p r ef er a bl y
p enetr a ting thr o ug h the l o wer entr y o r inta k e - 25- , to
the her metic tr imming - 21 - s ur r o unding the p is to n c o n
s tituted by the r o o f o f the c a b. Air a l s o enter s thr o ug h
the windo w - 24- ins ta l l ed in the c a b, o r p o s s ibl y a tel e
s c o p ic ba r do o r , r ep l a c ing the il l us tr a ted do o r - 23 - .
To c a us e des c ent o f the c a b, o ne o f the mo s t dir ec t
metho ds ma y c o ns is t o f r el ea s ing a n up p er a ir inta k e
into the tube - 1 - , o p ening c o ntr o l l ed by the el ec tr o ma g
net, o r a l s o c l o s ing the s uc tio n el ement - 7- a nd l etting
a ir enter thr o ug h this el ement, o r by a ny o ther mea ns ,
whic h s ho ul d p r ef er a bl y be o p er a ted a nd c o ntr o l l ed by
the br a k ing dev ic e.
W hen v a c uum l if t dec r ea s es , the a s c ent f o r c e wil l
dec r ea s e, until it is ex c eeded by the weig ht o f the c a b, in
o r der to c a us e des c ent, dur ing whic h the a ir wil l ? o w
o ut f r eel y thr o ug h the l o wer inta k e o r o p ening - 25- .
I c l a im:
1 . A p neua tic v a c c um l if t el ev a to r , c o mp r is ing a v er
tic a l tube o r p a s s a g e, ha v ing ins ta l l ed ther ein a mo v a bl e
tr a ns p o r t c a b c o nnec ted to dev ic es c a p a bl e o f c a us ing
a s c ent a nd des c ent f o r the tr a ns f er o f p er s o ns a nd
f r eig ht between ? o o r s l o c a ted a t v a r io us l ev el s , s a id
v er tic a l tube being ma de o f a s tr a ig ht a x ia l tube, a
s mo o th ins ide, a nd a c c es s do o r s whil e the tr a ns p o r t c a b
is c o a x ia l with the tube, l ea v ing a na r r o w f r ee s p a c e
between the two a nd whic h, a t the l ev el o f the c a b r o o f ,
c l o s es thr o ug h a s l iding her metic tr imming s ur r o undig
the c a p , f o r ming a p is to n in f r ic tio n c o nta c t with the
inter na l s ur f a c e o f the tube when s ubmitted to the a c
tio n o f the dev ic es c a p a bl e o f c a us ing a s c ent a nd de
s c ent, whic h dev ic es a r e ma de up o f a n a ir a s p ir a to r
l o c a ted a t the up p er end o f the v er tic a l tube a nd a n
a tmo s p her ic a ir inta k e a t the l o wer a r ea o f the tube,
wher ein s a id s tr a ig ht a x ia l tube a nd s a id c o a x ia l c a b a r e
c y l indr ic a l , with a c ir c ul a r c r o s s s ec tio n, wher ein o n the
v a r io us inter media r y s to p p ing l ev el s , s a id c a b is
eq uip p ed with a p l ur a l ity o f mec ha nic a l l o c k dev ic es
ins er ta bl e in the r es p ec tiv e s up p o r t c a v ities l o c a ted
a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther , in s a id c y l indr ic a l v er tic a l tube,
s a id l o c k dev ic es being a bl e to emp o r a r il y s to p the c a b,
wher ein ea c h s a id l o c k dev ic e c o mp r is es a n o f f s et bea m
a nd c o unter weig ht, with o ne end j utting o ut f r o m the
wa l l o f the c a b, a nd s q ua r ed with' a n ex tens io n a bl e to
p enetr a te into the r es p ec tiv e s up p o r t c a v ity l o c a ted in
the c y l indr ic a l tube; s uc h bea m being o p er a ted by a n
el ec tr o ma g net c o nnec ted to the el ec tr ic a l c o ntr o l s y s
tem o f the a s p ir a tio n mo to r .
1 5
25
3 5
45
55
6 5
8
2. A p neuma tic v a c uum l if t el ev a to r , c o mp r is ing a
v er tic a l tube o r p a s s a g e, ha v ing ins ta l l ed ther ein a mo v
a bl e tr a ns p o r t c a b c o nnec ted to dev ic es c a p a bl e o f c a us
ing a s c ent a nd des c ent f o r the tr a ns f er o f p er s o ns a nd
f r eig ht between ? o o r s l o c a ted a t v a r io us l ev el s , s a id
v er tic a l tube being ma de. o f a s tr a ig ht a x ia l tube, a
s mo o th ins ide, a nd a c c es s do o r s whil e the tr a ns p o r t c a b
is c o a x ia l with the tube, l ea v ing a na r r o w f r ee s p a c e
between the two a nd whic h, a t the l ev el o f the c a b r o o f ,
c l o s es thr o ug h a s l iding her metic tr imming s ur r o unding
the c a p , f o r ming a p is to n in f r ic tio n c o nta c t with the
inter na l s ur f a c e o f the tube when s ubmitted to the a c
tio n o f the dev ic es c a p a bl e o f c a us ing a s c ent a nd de
s c ent, whic h dev ic es a r e ma de up o f a n a ir a s p ir a to r
l o c a ted a t the up p er end o f the v er tic a l tube a nd a n
a tmo s p her ic a ir inta k e a t the l o wer a r ea o f the tube,
wher ein s a id s tr a ig ht a x ia l tube a nd s a id c o a x ia l c a b a r e
c y l indr ic a l , with a c ir c ul a r c r o s s s ec tio n, wher ein o n the
v a r io us inter media r y s to p p ing l ev el s , s a id c a b is
eq uip p ed with a p l ur a l ity o f mec ha nic a l l o c k dev ic es
ins er ta bl e in the r es p ec tiv e s up p o r t c a v ities l o c a ted
a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther , in s a id c y l indr ic a l v er tic a l tube,
s a id l o c k dev ic es being a bl e to temp o r a r il y s to p the c a b,
wher ein f ur ther s a id c a b is eq uip p ed with br a k ing de
v ic es l imiting des c ent s p eed, a nd wher ein s a id br a k ing
dev ic es c o mp r is e s ho es l o c a ted a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther ,
whic h s a id s ho es ma y mo v e to wa r ds the inter na l s ur
f a c e o f the v er tic a l tube, due to the a c tio n o f a dia
p hr a g m l o c a ted in the r o o f o f the c a b, a nd o p er a ted by
the p r es s ur e dif f er entia l between the a ir c o nta ined in the
c a b a nd the v a r ia bl e v o l ume up p er s p a c e, f r o m the r o o f
o f the c a b, thr o ug h the inter io r o f the tube, to its up p er
end. '
3 . A p neuma tic el ev a to r by dep r es s ur e, c o mp r is ing a
v er tic a l s tr a ig ht a x ia l tube, s a id a x ia l tube being s mo o th
ins ide, p r o v ided with o p ening s with a c c es s do o r s
a da p ted f o r her metic c l o s ing ; s a id el ev a to r ha v ing in
s ta l l ed in the inter io r o f s a id a x ia l tube, a p a s s eng er s
mo v a bl e tr a ns p o r t c a bin, whic h s a id c a bin is c o a x ia l
ther ewith with a tr a ns v er s e s ec tio n s ma l l er tha n s a id
c a bin a x ia l tube, l ea v ing a na r r o w f r ee s p a c e between
the two ha v ing a n a c c es s a nd v entil a tio n o p ening , a nd
ha v ing dis p o s ed a r o und the c a bin a s l iding a nd her metic
tr imming , a bo v e the l ev el o f the a c c es s o p ening to r e
duc e to a minimum the a ir p a s s a g e, a nd mea ns c a p a bl e
o f c a us ing a s c ent a nd des c ent, s a id mea ns inc l uding a n
a ir a s p ir a to r el ement l o c a ted in a n up p er end o f s a id
v er tic a l a x ia l tube a nd a mea ns to c o mmunic a te the
l o wer p a r t o f s a id a x ia l tube with the a tmo s p her e,
wher ein c o r r es p o nding with the dif f er ent inter media r y
s to p p ing l ev el s , s a id v er tic a l tube ha s ho l l o w s up p o r ts
l o c a ted a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther , ins ta l l ed in the thic k
nes s o f the v er tic a l tube, wher ein in s a id v er tic a l tube
ther e a r e ins er ta bl e mec ha nic a l l o c k ing dev ic es l o c a ted
in the r o o f o f s a id c a bin, wher ein ea c h s a id l o c k ing
dev ic e ins er ta bl e in the r o o f o f s a id c a bin c o mp r is es a n
o f f s et bea m a nd c o unter weig ht with o ne end j utting o ut
f r o m the wa l l o f s a id c a bin, a nd s a id c o unter weig ht
s q ua r ed with a n ex tens io n p enetr a bl e into the r es p ec tiv e
s up p o r t c a v ity l o c a ted in s a id c y l indr ic a l tube, s a id
bea m being o p er a ted by a n el ec tr o ma g net c o nnec ted to
the el ec tr ic a l c o ntr o l s y s tem o n s a id a s p ir a tio n mo to r .
4. A p neuma tic el ev a to r by dep r es s ur e, c o mp r is ing a
v er tic a l s tr a ig ht a x ia l tube, s a id a x ia l tube being s mo o th
ins ide, p r o v ided with o p ening s with a c c es s do o r s
a da p ted f o r her metic c l o s ing ; s a id el ev a to r ha v ing in
s ta l l ed in the inter io r o f s a id a x ia l tube, a p a s s eng er s
mo v a bl e tr a ns p o r t c a bin, whic h s a id c a bin is c o a x ia l
5, 447, 21 1
ther ewith with a tr a ns v er s e s ec tio n s ma l l er tha n s a id
c a bin a x ia l tube, l ea v ing a na r r o w f r ee s p a c e between
the two ha v ing a n a c c es s a nd v entil a tio n o p ening , a nd
ha v ing dis p o s ed a r o und the c a bin a s l iding a nd her metic
tr imming , a bo v e the l ev el o f the a c c es s o p ening to r e
duc e to a minimum the a ir p a s s a g e, a nd mea ns c a p a bl e
o f c a us ing a s c ent a nd des c ent, s a id mea ns inc l uding a n
a ir a s p ir a to r el ement l o c a ted in a n up p er end o f s a id
v er tic a l a x ia l tube a nd a mea ns to c o mmunic a te the
l o wer p a r t o f s a id a x ia l tube with the a tmo s p her e,
wher ein s a id c a bin is eq uip p ed with mec ha nic a l br a k ing
1 5
25
3 0
3 5
45
55
6 5
1 0
dev ic es l imiting des c ent s p eed, s a id mec ha nic a l dev ic es
l o c a ted o v r the r o o f o f s a id c a bin, wher ein s a id br a k ing
dev ic es c o mp r is e s ho es l o c a ted a c r o s s f r o m ea c h o ther ,
whic h s a id s ho es ma y mo v e to wa r ds the inter na l s ur
f a c e o f s a id v er tic a l tube, due to the a c tio n o f a dia
p hr a g m l o c a ted in the r o o f o f s a id c a bin, s a id br a k ing
dev ic e o p er a ted by p r es s ur e dif f er entia l between the a ir
c o ntinued in the c a bin a nd the v a r ia bl e v o l ume up p er
s p a c e, f r o m s a id r o o f o f s a id c a bin, thr o ug h the inter io r
o f s a id tube, to its up p er end.
* * * * *