Capvt Xviii: First and second conjugations:

present system passive; ablative of agent

First and Second Conjugations: Present System Passive Voice
- passive recipient of the action, rather than performing the action

Present Indicative Passive Laud! and Mone!

Passive Endings
1. -r laud - or mone - or I am praised, warned
2. -ris lauda - ris mone - ris You are praised, warned
3. -tur lauda - tur mone - tur He is praised, warned

1. -mur lauda - mur mone -mur We are praised, warned
2. -mini lauda - mini mone - mini You are praised, warned
3. -ntur lauda - ntur mone - ntur They are praised, warned

Imperfect Indicative Passive
1. lauda - ba - r
2. lauda - ba - ris
3. lauda - ba - tur
4. lauda - ba - mur
5. lauda - ba - mini
6. lauda - ba - ntur

Future Indicative Passive
1. lauda - b - or
2. lauda - be - ris
3. lauda - bi -tur
4. lauda - bi - mur
5. lauda - bi - mini
6. lauda - bi - ntur

Present Passive Infinitive
laudare, to praise
laudari, to be praised

monere, to warn
moneri, to be warned

Ablative of Personal Agent
- by whom the action is performed
- !/ab and the ablative

Di Caesarem admonent. The gods are warning Casesar.
Caesar a dis admonetur. Caesar is warned by the gods.

Vocabulary

flumen, flumenis, n., river

genus, generis, n., origin; kind, type, sort,class

hostis, hostis, m., an enemy ; hostes, -ium, the enemy
ludus, ludi, m., game, sport; school

probitas, porbitatis, f., uprightness

scientia, scientiae, f., knowledge

clarus, clara, clarum, clear, bright; renowned, famous, illustrious

mortalis, mortale, mortal

cur, adv. why

deinde, adv., thereupon, next, then

fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluctum, to flow

lego, legere, legi, lectum, to pick out, choose; read

misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtum, to mix, stir up, disturb

moveo, movere, movi, motum, to move; arouse, affect

videor, videri, visus sum, pass. of video, to be seen, seem, appear

Capvt XIII: Perfect passive system; Interrogative
Pronouns and adjectives

The Perfect Passive System
- used ordinarily only in the predicate and refer back to the subject

Perfect Indicative Passive
1. laudatus, -a, -um sum
2. laudatus, -a, -um es
3. laudatus, -a, -um est

1. laudati, -ae, -a sumus
2. laudati, -ae, -a estis
3. laudati, -ae, -a sunt

The Interrogative Pronoun
- quis and quid asks for the identity of a person or thing
- - quid vides?, what do you see? and quis consilium habet?, who has a plan?
- the male and female forms are the same
- the nominative forms are quis and quid, not qui, quae, quod
- in the plural, there are masculine, feminine, and neuter forms that are identical to the conjugations of the relative

The Interrogative Adjective
- same as qui, quae, quod, but asks for more specific information of a person or thing (what sign do you see, which
woman has a plan?, etc.)

Vocabulary
argumentum, argumenti, n., proof, evidence, argument

auctor, auctoris, m., increaser; author, originator

beneficium, beneficii, n., benefit, kindness; favor

familia, familiae, f., household, family

Graecia, Graeciae, f., Greece

iudex, iudicis, m., judge, juror

iudicium, iudicii, n., judgement, decision, opinion; trial

scelus, sceleris, n., evil deed, crime, sin, wickedness

quis? quid?, interrog. adj., who? whose? whom? what? which?

qui? quae? quod? interrog. adj., what? which? what kind of?

certus, certa, certum, definite, sure, certain, reliable

gravis, grave, heavy, weighty; serious, important; severe, grievous

immortalis, immortale, immortal

at, conj. but; but mind you; but you say (stronger form of sed)

nisi, conj., if ... not, unless; except

contra, prep. + acc. against

iam, adv. now, already, soon

delecto, delectare, delectavi, delectatum, to delight, charm, please

libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatum, to free, liberate

paro, parare, paravi, paratum, to prepare, provide; get, obtain