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Rjevqy cwieZb| Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY SzuwKc~Y
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cfve RjvQvm, ebv, Liv, N~wYSo, b`xfvOb, f~wgam,
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Rjevqy cwieZb gvKvwejvq AwfhvRb I ckgb g~j KvR
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cwivi| Rjevqy cwieZb njv HwZnvwmKfve cwgv I
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m Rb AwfhvRb I ckgbmswk Kgm~wPi Rb DbZ
`kjvKB A_vqb KiZ ne| Avgiv gb Kwi, RbMYi
fvU wbevwPZ RbcwZwbwa I miKvii wewfb cwZvb Rjevqy
cwieZb gvKvwejvq bZZ w`Z cvi| G evsjv`ki
mykxj mgvRi AbKB wbweofve KvR KiQ, GiB
avivevwnKZvq G cKvkbv| Rjevqy-mnbxq evsjv`k ARbi
c_ cKvkbvwU KvR jvMjB Avgv`i cqvm mv_K ne|

gbxlv wekvm

gvbRvi, cwjwm GvWfvKwm wefvM, Advg

jevqy cwieZb GKwesk kZvxi mePq eo

Dbqb Pvji GKwU| mviv cw_ex BwZga
AviI Pig AvenvIqv, Zvcgvv cwieZb, ivMi
cv`yfve, Drcv`bkxjZv Kg hvIqv BZvw` cfvei
myLxb nQ|
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w`K hvIqv Zvc ai ivL| dj cw_ex D _vK| h
Mvmmg~n wMbnvDm Bd Ae`vb ivL mjv nQ
Kveb WvB-AvBW (CO2), wg_b, bvBUvm AvBW,
Kvivdyiv Kveb (CFC) BZvw`| MZ kZvx ai
Kqjv I Zji gZv Rxevk Rvjvwb cvovbv
evqygjxq CO2-Gi NbZ evwoqQ| KviY Kqjv I
Zj cvovbvi cwqv KvebK evZvmi AwRbi
mv_ hy Ki CO2 Drcb Ki| Kwl I wki Rb fwg
cwieZb
Ges
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gvbeKgKvi Rb wMbnvDm Mvmi NbZ eo MQ|

m~hiwk evqygj AwZg Ki

fcK D Ki| Zvc
cw_exi evBi wePyZ nq|

wMbnvDm Mvm Zvc kvlY Ki ivL I

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gj Mni evqygj LyeB nvjKv, hvi
cvq me Kveb WvB-AvBW| Kg
evqygjxq Pvc Ges AwZ mvgvb wg_b
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Lye ewk wMbnvDm Bd

gji gZv i evqygjiI cvq
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300 Y ewk Kveb WvB-AvBW
AvQ| dj wMbnvDm Bd AbK ewk
Ges wmmv Mwjq djvi gZv h_
cZvc Drcb Ki|

awix

http://climate.nasa.gov/ (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

ewkK cfve I `yejZv

cwieki Ici Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve BwZgaB cwijwZ nQ| wngevn msKzwPZ nQ, b`x I n`i Icii
fvmgvb eid Mj hvQ, Dw` I cvYxKzj vbvwiZ nQ Ges MvQi cyvMg `ZZi nQ| wevbxiv AZxZ
ewkK Rjevqy cwieZbi dj hme cfvei c~evfvm w`qwQjb Zv GLbB NUQ| hgb, mvgyw`K eid q,
mgy`i DPZv ew Zivw^Z Ges Zxe `ve`vn| ewkK Zvcgvv g~jZ gvbeKgKv viv m wMbnvDm Mvmi KviY
AvMvgx `kKjvZI ew cZ _vKe|
Rjevqy NUbv

Rjevqy cwieZb
ewkK cwqv I cfve

eid
Mjv

ewcvZi
cwieZb
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Rjevqy cwieZb-cwqv

wMbnvDm
cfve

ZvckvlY
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CO2

ebasm fwgi eenvi

cwieZb
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02

gNi wevi
cwieZb

KvebPi
cwZeKZv

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CH4

N2O

cvwbi DZv

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AcZvwkZ
Rjevqy cwieZb

FZzwechq

mgy`ci
DPZv ew

Rxebhvv
wecb

Kwl I grm
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DcKjxq
Rjvkq web
Liv

cywnxbZv

evnKevwnZ
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Wvqwiqv wevi
kvm c`vn

mgy`vZ
cwieZb

Rjevqy
Dv
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N~wYSo
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gZz

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Rjevqy cwieZb gwK

evsjv`ki Rjevqy-wecbZv

fvix ewcvZi NUbv evoQ; gvU ewi w`bi msLv nvm cve;
mgy`ci DPZv ew I jeYv cvwbi Abycek; DcKjxq ebv;
wngvjqi RgvU eid I wngevn Mj elv gmyg ebvi SzuwK evove Ges gmyg cvwbi mieivn Kwgq
`e;
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ZvcRwbZ ivM ew cve Ges MxKvj `xNvwqZ ne| gwjK myweav Ges we`gvb fiYcvlY mevmg~ni
(cvwb, ^veev, ^v) Ici wekvj Pvc coe;
`wi` RbMvxi Rb cvwb I ^vmyweav evnZ nZ cvi| Rji mieivn Kg hvIqv, cvwbi gvbi AebwZ
Ges ewwbfi Kwli Rb cvwbi cvcZvi nvm NUe| fMf Rji cybcwic~iYi myhvM Kg hvQ;
mvgvwRK I gvbwmK ^vi Ici Pvc evoe, Lv`i Awbivcv, wbivc` cvbxq Rji mgmv, Awbivc`
Avkq Ges Awbivc` ^vvev `Lv `e;
ebvqbi wZ Ges evZ I RxeewPi qwZ evoe| Rjevqy cwieZb m bZzb Aevi cwZwqvi
KviY evZi fMvwjK MVb cwieZb `Lv `e;
ebv, Lov, N~wYSo BZvw` RxweKv I m`i wekvj wZ Kie, dj gvbyli vbvi evoe| evsjv`k
2050 mvji ga 35 wgwjqbi ewk gvbyl Rjevqy-Dv ne| GUv AfixY I ewntvbviK ce
Kie Ges bMi RbmsLv evcK nvi evove;
`yhvM-Szwu K Kgvbv Amdj ne, A_bwZK I me aibi Dbqb-cwqv wewfb mgmvi myLxb ne Ges wRwWwc
AwRZ ne bv;
gvjwiqvi gZv wKQz fievwnZ msvgK ivM eo hve|

03

wUK _vKZ AwfhvRb

`kevcx:
> Zvcgvv ew
> FZzewP cwieZb

ebv

fviZ
(gNvjq)

fviZ
(cwg evsjv)

Xj

fviZ
(Avmvg)
AwbqwgZ ewcvZ
fviZ
(wcyiv)

AwfhvRb gvb Rjevqy cwieZbi weic cfvemg~n c~ev bygvb Kiv Ges Gi dj m qwZ iva ev nvm Kivi Rb
h_vh_ eev MnY| fvjvfve cwiKwZ cv_wgK AwfhvRb cieZx mgq m` I Rxeb euvPvq|
AwfhvRb-eev AvMvg MnY Kiv hZ cvi A_ev eev MnY Kiv hZ cvi vbxqfve ^ZtZZ
vi m|
mgy`c
i DPZv ew _K iv cZ nj euva wbgvY A_ev DZi Zvcgvv mn Kivi Rb ivvi gvb Dbqbi gZv
eo gvci AeKvVvgvMZ cwieZb mvab Kiv hZ cvi Ges KlKi wfb aibi dmj evbv BZvw`i gZv AwfhvRb
eevI MnY Kiv hZ cvi| AwfhvRb-Afvm AekB vbxq RbMYi Rb Dchy nZ ne Ges vbxq evZi
Rb h_vhvM nZ ne|
mvkqx ebv cwZivaK DuPz Avevmb;
ebv gvKvwejvq LuvPvq gvQ Pvl;
km egyLxKiY;
fvmgvb avc gvwUwenxb Kwl; evsjv`ki `wY-cwgvsk (hLvb RjveZv GKwU wbqwgZ NUbv) GKwU
HwZnMZ Kwlc_v;
ebvq wecb`i Rb enbhvM Rvjvwb` gvwUi Pzjv;
LuvPvq A_ev cyKz i nuvm cvjb;
ewi cvwb msMn|

ckgb Ges Kveb-mvkqx Dbqb

Rjevqy cwieZb ckgb ejZ mvaviYZ Ggb eev ev Kvhg evSvq hv Rjevqy cwieZbi MwZ KgvZ ev iva
KiZ mnvqZv Ki| Abfve, wMbnvDm Mvm Rgv nevi nvi Kgvbvi hKvbv D`vMK Rjevqy cwieZb ckgb
ejv hvq| Rjevqy cwieZb ckgb cavbZ `ywU welq cvavb cvq, c_gwU njv wMbnvDm Mvmi wbtmiY Kgvbv Ges
wZxq njv Rjevqy cwieZb g~j `vqx Kveb WvB-AvBWK AveKiY, hv Kveb AvxKiY wnme cwiwPZ|
cwiekeve ev Kveb-mvkqx Dbqb chywi (Low Carbon Development Technologies) g~j j Kg kw eenvi
Ki AwaKZi chyw-mev c`vb, hv mvgwMK Dbqb mnvqZv Ki| wMbnvDm Mvm wbtmiY Kgvbvi AviKwU mnR
Ges iZc~Y Dcvq nQ gvbyli `bw`b KvRKgi aib cwieZb|
mi

N~wYSoi gvv I
cwigvY ew
jeYvZv

00 - 25%
25 - 31%
31 - 39%
39 - 55%

04

kw
mieivn

DbZ mieivn-eev I weZiYi `Zv; Mvmwbfi Rvjvwb; cvigvYweK kw; bevqbhvM Zvc I kw
(Rjwe`yr, mi, evqy, fZvcxq, Rekw)|

hvbevnb

AviI Rvjvwb` hvbevnb; msKi hvbevnb; cwivi wWRj hvbevnb; ReRvjvwb; moK cwienb _K ij I
cvewjK cwienbeevi cwieZb; gvUiwenxb hvbevnb (mvBKj Pvjvbv, nuvUv); fwg eenvi I cwienb
cwiKbv; wZxq cRbi ReRvjvwb; DP `Zvmcb wegvb; Aviv kwkvjx Ges wbfihvM evUvwihy DbZ
e`ywZK I msKi hvbevnb|

`vjvbKvVv

w`ev Avjvi eev; Aviv ` e`ywZK hcvwZ; DbZ ivbvi Pzjv, DbZ wbivaK; weK wngvqb Zij, dwy ibKZ
Mvmmg~ni cybivi I cybeenvi; chwy mn evwYwRK feb; `vjvbKvVvq mi dUvfvBK mshywKiY|

wk

Zvc I kw cybivi; Dcv`vb cybeenvi I cwZvcb; Kveb WvB-AvBWewnfZ

~ Mvmmg~ni wbMgb wbqY;
wmgU Ges jvnv Drcv`b Kveb WvB-AvBWK AveKiY; Avjywgwbqvg Drcv`bi Rb Ro we`yvnK|

Kwl

evcmvMi
wgqvbgvi

ckgb chwy

ebvqb/
ebmg~n
eR
eevcbv

gvwUi Kveb mq ewi Rb DbZ dmj Ges MvPviY fwg eevcbv; gvwU Ges AatcwZZ Rwgi cybivi;
DbZ PvlcwZ Ges Remvi eev; N2O wbMgb KgvZ DbZ bvBUvRb mvi cqvMeev; Rvjvwb wnme
evqykwi eenvi; km egyLxKiY|
ebvqb; cybebmRb; eb eevcbv; ebq nvm; msMnxZ KvVi mwVK eevcbv; Rxevk Rvjvwbi eenvi
cwZvcb Rekwi Rb ebR `ei eenvi; Kveb AvxKiY Ges Reei Drcv`bkxjZv ew KiZ
e cRvwZi Dbqb Ges UKmB fwg eenvi|
cwiZ CH4 cybivi; kw cybivi eR cvovbv; Re eRi Kcvws; wbqwZ eR cvwbi eev;
cybeenvi Ges eR Kgvbv |

05

evsjv`ki D`vMmg~n

Mfwbs KvDwj
KkjMZ wb`kbv, wewmwmGj-Gwci mv_
mswkZv I Abygv`b

evW Ae vw

miKvwi cK cve wbixv I

hvPvB Ges GbwRI cK wbevPb

(bxwZwbaviY, cK Abygv`b, mvweK eevcbv)

UKwbKvj KwgwU

(Askx`vi cheK I BK nvvi cwZwbwa DcwZ)

mwPevjq (cwiek I eb gYvjq)

bxwZ evevqb

eevcbv KwgwU

chvjvPbv, cv_wgK Abygv`b g~jvqb

Rjevqy cwieZb BDwbU

cK evevqb, AwWU I g~jvqb

evRU Kvhg

evevqbKvix mv

DBbWv-2

GbwRI I wmGmG

Ad evRU Kvhg

BCCTF-Gi cvwZvwbK eev

Rjevqy mnhvwMZvi ewkK cwqv

gYvjq/wefvM

DBbWv-1

evRU Kvhg

Uvw

gYvjq/wefvM

evevqbKvix mv
wekevsK

GbwRI cK cve
wbixv I hvPvB

mve UKwbKvj KwgwU

DBbWv-1

evevqbKvix mv

wb`wkKv
Mfb wijkb
KUvKUvqvj wijkb

06

mwPevjq

mg^q/cPvivwfhvb/hvMvhvM

evevqbKvix mv

cjx KgmnvqK dvDkb

DBbWv-2

Ad evRU Kvhg
I wmGmIi Kvhg

wb`wkKv
Mfb wijkb
KUvKUvqvj wijkb

BCCRF-Gi cvwZvwbK eev

Rjevqy cwieZb AvjvPbvi Rb cavb AvRvwZK dvivg nQ RvwZmsNi Rjevqy cwieZb Kbfbkb
dgIqvK (UNFCCC)| UNFCCC GKwU KvVvgv Zwi KiQ hvi Aaxb AvRvwZK Rjevqy cwieZb mnhvwMZvi
Rb eevmg~n GKgZ nZ cvi|

1997 mvj MnxZ wKqvUv cUvKj wbMgb Kgvbvi jgvvi kZ wbaviY c_g AvRvwZK Pzw wQj|
cUvKj 2008-09 (c_g cwZkwZKvj) mgqKvj ai DbZ `ki `jmg~nK Zv`i wbMgb mxgv ev
Kgvbvi kZ `qv nq|
`kmg~n mZ nq h 1 Rvbyqvwi 2013 _K 31 wWm^i 2020 wKqvUv cUvKji wZxq cwZkwZKvj nZ cvi|
Awjqv 2012 mvj wKqvUv cUvKji wZxq cwZkwZKvj hvM w`Z mZ nq|
Rjevqy cwieZb AvjvPbv-cwqvi `j wnme evsjv`k wR77+Pvqbv Ges ^vbZ `kiI (LDC) m`m|
Rjevqy AvjvPbvi AMMwZ
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

AvBwcwm MVb

cwiMnY I mvii Rb Dby

ejer

COP1

evwjb gU

COP2

BDbvBUW bkb dgIqvK Ab KvBgU P

wKqvUv cieZx AxKvi

evsjv`ki Rjevqy cwieZb Kkj I KgcwiKbv (BCCSAP): evsjv`k miKvi 2008 mvj GKwU 10 eQi
gqv`x evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Kkj I KgcwiKbv (BCCSAP) cZ Ki, hv ci 2009 mvj wKQz
mskvwaZ nq| QqwU welqwfwK Dbqb Kkji Aaxb AvMvgx 20-25 eQi Rjevqy cwieZbi Pvj
c~iYi Rb `ki fZii mgZv I mnbkxjZv ZwiZ GKwU vbwfwK KgcwiKbv| welqwfwK Dbqb
Kkjjv nQ: (K) Lv`wbivcv, mvgvwRK myiv I ^v; (L) mgw^Z `yhvM eevcbv; (M) AeKvVvgvMZ
Dbqb; (N) MelYv I vb eevcbv; (O) wbMgb nvm I Kveb-mvkqx Dbqb; (P) mgZv I cvwZvwbK kw
ew| BCCSAP miKvii GKwU Abygvw`Z cvMvg, hv `ki l cevwlKx cwiKbvi cvkvcvwk cwicwZ
cwiKbv wnme Afz nqQ|
evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Uv dv: evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb Uv Znwej nQ Aby`vb AvKvi cwZeQi 100
wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi Kii (2009-12, gvU 300 wgwjqb gvwKb Wjvi ch) GKwU evRUvwi eiv| Rjevqy
cwieZb AvBbvbyhvqx GB cwigvYi 66 kZvsk BCCSAP-Gi ga AMvwaKvicv cK/Kgmw~ P evevqb eq Kiv ne
Ges 34 kZvsk Riwi Aevi Rb GKwU wbw` AvgvbZ wnme cwiPvwjZ ne| 34 kZvsk wbw` AvgvbZi Ici
cv my`I cK evevqb eq Kiv ne| BCCTF _K cv Znwej miKvwi LvZ I emiKvwi cKi A_vqb eenvi
Kiv hZ cvi Ges Kvbv wbw` Avw_K eQii ga gvU Aby`vb eq Kiv evaZvg~jK bq|
evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb mgZv Znwej: evsjv`k Rjevqy cwieZb mgZv Znwej (BCCRF) nQ Rjevqy
cwieZbi cfve gvKvwejvi Rb evsjv`k miKvi, Dbqb Askx`vi Ges wekevsK KZK
GKwU mgw^Z
A_vqb-cwqv| ZnwejwU WbgvK, BDivcxq BDwbqb, myBWb Ges hyivRi Avw_K mnhvwMZvq g 2010 mvj
cwZwZ nq| myBRvijv, Awjqv Ges gvwKb hyiv cieZxKvj Znwej hvM`vb Ki| GB cwqv miKviK
170 wgwjqb Wjvi Pvbji gvag j j evsjv`wkK Rjevqy cwieZbi cfve wwZvcKZv Mo ZzjZ mg
KiQ| evsjv`k miKvi BCCRF-Gi eevcbv Ges evevqb bZZ `q|

COP3

Abygvw`Z

COP4

mvii Rb Dby

wKqvUv cUvKj
evqbm AvBim AvKkb cvb

COP5
COP6

COP7

evb GwMgU
gvivKvj GKiW

COP8

Abymg_bi
Rb Dby

COP9

ivwkqvb dWvikb KZK

^vwiZ
ejer

COP10
COP11-MOP1

gbwUK GvKkb cvb

COP12-MOP2
COP13-MOP3

evwj AvKkb cvb

COP14-MOP4

1g AxKviKvj

g~jvqbKvj

COP15-MOP5

wKqvUv cieZx AxKvi

07

evsjv`ki Rjevqy AvjvPbvq mykxj mgvRi fwgKv

evsjv`ki mykxj mgvR Lye Nwbfve Rjevqy Avjvc-AvjvPbv-cwqvq evsjv`k miKvii m KvR KiQ|
mykxj mgvRi m`miv AvRvwZK AvjvPbv KvhKix `ji m`m wnmeI AskMnY Kib| iv Ges mykxj mgvRi
cwZwbwa DfqB `ki Aevb I weewZ Zyj aiZ Nwbfve KvR KiQ| mykxj mgvRi KvhKi AskMnY
AvRvwZK mc`vq viv AbK ckswmZ nq|

Dbqb cwiKbv I Kg Rjevqy cwieZb gvKvwejv

Kvh
g
vqb
gj~

cwqv

e v e v q b

cwZvb

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mnbxqZv
ARb

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Rjevqy NUbv

AskMnYg~jK wkv

Rjevqy cwieZbi cfvemg~n cKw ZZ `xNgqvw`| GgbwK hw` AvRKB mg wMbnvDm Mvmi wbMgb e Ki `qv hvq, Zey
cw_exi evqygji mwZ Mvmmg~ni cfve AevnZ _vKe Ges cwiekeev Ges cwiYvg hviv GB eevi mv_ RwoZ
Zv`i Ici weic cfve djZ _vKe| `xNgqvw` cKw Zi Rjevqyi cfve GKwU Rjevqy wwZvcK A_bxwZ Mo Zvjvi
Rb GKwU megq enr cPvi cqvRb ne| myZivs, RvZxq AwfhvRb cwiKbvi (NAP) gZv c_K I ^Z cwiKbv wewfb
`k MnY KiQ| RvZxq Dbqb cwiKbvq Rjevqy cwieZb g~javivq bqv ewk KvhKi Ges LiP Abyhvqx meZ ewk `|
evwj COP, 2007-Gi 1/CP13 wmv ^vbZ `kmn Dbqbkxj `kjv viv RvwZMZfve h_vh_ ckgbKgi K_v
ejv nq| mB mgq GUv wQj ^Qvg~jK| wK GLb, Wvievb COP, 2011-Gi wmv Abyhvqx, mKj `kK
evaZvg~jKfve wMbnvDm Mvm wbMgb Kgvbvi Rb GKwU AvBMZfve eva Pzwi Aaxb AvmZ ne| GB Rb
GKwU RvZxqfve Dchy ckgb Kg ev NAMA-Gi cqvRb coe| eZ, BCCSAP-Gi QqwU welqei GKwUZ ^
Kveb Dbqb| NAMA-Gi mvigg, i Aaxb mec_ g h c`cwUi K_v ejv nqQ Zv nQ RvZxq kw wbivcv
Ges wb wMbnvDm Mvm wbMgb wbwZ KiZ GKwU KkjMZ kwi cwiKbv Ges wewbqvM Kvhfvi weKvk|

Rjevqy wbqvgK

evwbK vb

msKjb: Zvcm ib PeZx dUv: Advg cKvkKvj: gvP 2014 AvwK I cQ`: iWjvBb